Generalities of Animal Anatomy

Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics Program

Ibagué Headquarters
 Danilo Bonilla Trujillo
MVZ, Specialist, MsC Livestock sciences
Animal morphophysiology: Principles.
Understanding what is Anatomy
Anatomy studies the shape, position and anatomical
relationships of particular structures present in an
organism.

Together with physiology (study of function) they form the

fundamental pillar of the practice of medicine and
zootechnics.

Form and function are closely related: one is the reason for
the other and vice versa.
 VETERINARY ANATOMY
Study of the shape, arrangement and structure of the organs and
tissues of animals.
• Macroscopic anatomy

• Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)

• Developmental Anatomy (Embryology)

 Systematic Anatomy

Pay attention to groups of organs that are closely related in their

activities that constitute body systems with an obvious common
function. Sist. Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, etc.
 Topographic anatomy
Study the form and situation relationships that all organs present in
specific parts or regions of the body.
Its clinical application compensates for its importance.
Topographic anatomy is one of the fundamentals of clinical practice, with
defined terms such as surface anatomy, applied surgical and radiological
 SmartArt – HorizontalAnatomy
Organization Study
Chart

Osteology

Artrologhy

Myology
Systematic
anatomy Neurology

Angiology
Anatomy Splanchnology

Anatomical Positions
Topographic Directional Terms
anatomy
Section Plans

14
Anatomical positions
Directional Terms
Section Plans
Anatomy compared and applied
ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY
Precise and unambiguous language
 Standard Anatomical Position
For a quadruped it is one in which the animal is standing firmly on its four
limbs and facing straight ahead.
Plane.- Surface, real or imaginary along which two
points can be joined by means of a straight line.
Longitudinal Axis.- It is the imaginary line that
crosses the center of an organ or structure along
its entire length of the organ or structure in
question.
Medium Plane.- Divide the head, trunk or
locomotor limb lengthwise into two symmetric
halves, right and left.
Transversal Plane.- It forms a right angle
with the longitudinal axis of the body,
members or of any other organ or part.
Dorsal Plane.- Cut to the trunk, or anywhere
else, parallel to the dorsal surface.
Sagittal plane.- Any plane parallel to the
middle, those that are close to the middle
plane are sometimes called the paramedia
plane.
 ADDRESSES: Directional Terms

Dorsal and ventral.- The dorsal structures are located

towards the spine (back) in the trunk, or by extension
towards the corresponding surface of the head or tail.
Ventral are located towards the belly or towards the
corresponding surface of the head or tail.
Cranial.- Directed or relatively closer to the
head. Term used with reference to the neck, trunk
and limbs proximal to the carpus and tarsus.
Flow.- Directed or relatively closer to the tail.
 Medial.- They are the structures closest
to the middle plane.
Lateral.- The lateral structures are
located towards the side of the animal. Some
structures, such as the outer ear, are
grouped into 3 positions that are called
medial, intermediate and lateral.
Rostral.- Designates the position of the
structures arranged along the longitudinal
axis of the head closest to the vertex of
the nose. The opposite direction of the
rostral is the flow.
In the limbs, the structures that are
closest to the union with the body are
called proximal, while those that are the
most distant are distal. In the proximal
part of the limb that has the carpal or
tarsus as its distal limit, the structures
that are towards the front are palmar in the
carpus and plantar in the tarsus. The axial
structures are close to the axis of the
central finger or the axis of the member, if
it passes between the fingers; abaxials are
the positions that are some distance from
the reference axis.
Superficial and deep.- It is used to refer to
positions inside the body or some solid organ.
Superficial means close to the surface and Deep
refers to proximity to the center of the body
or solid organ.
Internal and external.- They require the
location of a structure in the body or in a
hollow organ. Internal indicates that the
structure is close to the light of the organ.
External indicates that it is far from the
center of the hollow organ.
 anterior, posterior, superior and inferior;
These terms should be avoided except for some
specific applications in the anatomy of the
head (eye, eyelids, lips, inner ear and
pituitary gland).
 Six blind and the elephant
Abanico Pared

Cuerda
Arpón

Serpiente
Árbol
 PHYSIOLOGY

Physiology is the study of the normal functioning of a living

organism and its component parts, including its chemical and
physical processes. The word physiology literally means
"Study of nature".
 Cellular
functions

Non-specific Specific

Metabolism
-Anabolism
-Catabolism Mitosis
Metabolic replacement Meiosis
-Absorption
Increase
-Excretion
Differentiation
-Secretion
-Transport regulation
 Contractibility

Conductibility
Growth and
irritability

Physiological
properties of
Secretion and
excretion cells Reproduction

Absorption
Breathing and
assimilation
Chemical composition of animal cell
ENSAYO
¿Cómo se puede aplicar la
Morfofisiología animal en MVZ?
Condiciones del ensayo:
• Autentico
• Una cuartilla
• Portada, introducción, objetivos, ensayo,
conclusiones y referencias bibliográficas. A mano
• Citas: mínimo dos-APA
• Referencias bibliográficas con Normas APA
Gracias