CONNECTEDASSETCONDI

TIONMANAGEMENT
Bey
ondPr
edi
cti
ngf
ail
uresf
orRel
iabl
eAsset
s
Cour
tesyTer
ranceO’
Hanl
on-
Rel
iabi
li
tyweb.
com

1.Ext
endpumpl
if
espanandsav
eener
gywi
thSAM4’
snewr
eal
-

t
imepumpcur
ve
Centr
if
ugal pumpsr arel
ydieofoldage.Erosion,cav
itati
onandf lui
dt ur
bulencecause
pumpseal s,shaf
ts,beari
ngsandimpeller
st owearoutf ast.Poorlyperf
or mingpumps
al
sowastesi gnif
icantenergy
.Thebestdef enceagainstthesehazar dsistokeepthe
syst
em stableandt hepumpoper at
ingatitsbesteffici
encypoint(BEP).Asev erypump
oper
atorknows, thepumpper for
mancecur vet el
lsyouwher ethatpointis.

Fi
gur
e1.Thepumpcur vei
savisualt
oolf
orj
udgi
ngpumpperf
ormance,i
ncludi
ngbest
pr
act
icezonesanddegr
adati
onri
skswhenpumpsoper
ateout
sidethem.

Butj
ustknowingtheBEPdoesn’
thel
p,unl
essy
ouhav
eawayt
otr
ackt
hepump’
sact
ual
oper
ati
oninrealt
ime.
I
ntr
oduci
ngSAM4’
snewr
eal
-t
imepumpcur
ve
Manymanuf act
urersalr
eadyuset heSAM4smar tpr
edicti
vemaintenancesystem to
monit
orthehealthofthei
rpumps( andotherequipment).SAM4usesAI -dr
ivenelect
rical
wavef
orm analy
sistodetectmor ethan9outof10dev elopingf
ail
uresuptof i
vemont hs
i
nadvance,soyoucanr epairseals,shaf
ts,bear
ingsandi mpell
ersassoonast heystart
t
odegrade,whenr epai
rsarefasterandcheaper.

Thisearl
ywarningcanal sohel py oudiagnoseunderl
yi
ngoper ati
onalprobl
ems,suchas
apumpt hat’
sov erdimensi oned, byalerti
ngy out
orepeat
edf ail
uresinthesamepump.
ButatSemioti
cLabswewant edt odobet t
er.Wewantedtohel pourcli
entskeepthei
r
pumpshealthyint hefi
rstpl ace—and  helpthem i
dent
if
yallpotenti
alavenuestoreduce
energyuse,
nowandi nt hef uture.Sowe’ vedevel
opedatooltodoj ustthat
.Meet
SAM4’snewr eal-t
imepumpper formancedashboard!

ht
tps:
//y
out
u.be/
lfj
yVLob4eU

Vi
deodemo:
wat
chasmai
ntenanceconsul
tantJordyMauri
tsexpl
ainshowt
hepump
performancedashboardworks.

Cur
rent+v
olt
age+af
fi
nit
ylaws=r
eal
-t
imepump
i
nsi
ght
Apumpcur v
er el
atest hepump’sperfor
mancet oitsphysicaldesi
gni nav i
sualformat
thatinst
antlyshowsy ouitsi
deal,
acceptableanddamage- proneoper ati
ngr anges(as
showni nfigure1abov e)
.Thankstothepumpaf fi
nit
ylaws,youcanuset hepump’ s
wheel speedandpowerconsumpt i
ont otr
ackchangesi nheadandf l
owasi toperates.
Wheel speedandpowerconsumpt ion,i
nturn,aredir
ectl
yrelatedt
ot hei nstant
aneous
currentandv ol
taget hepump’smot orisdrawing.Andcurrentandv ol
t agear epreci
sely
whatSAM4measur es.

Al
lthi
smeanst
hatSAM4canautomatical
lypl
ott
hepump’soper
ati
onrel
ati
vetoi
tsBEP
i
nrealti
me,
usi
ngthedat
ait
’sal
readycoll
ecti
ngt
omonit
orthepump’scondi
ti
on.

I
ndependent
lyv
ali
dat
ed
External
t esti
ngbypumpconsul tantOv educonconfi
rmedthatSAM4’ sreal
-t
imepump
curveisaccur ateandrel
iabl
e.“
Ourt esti
ngshowedSAM4’ scalculat
ionstoaccur
atel
y
ref
lectcent r
if
ugal pumpheadandf l
ow, parti
cul
arl
yatthehigherspeedsinthe50to40
Hzf r
equencyr angewherecent
ri
fugal pumpsmostcommonl yoperate,
”sai
dJos
Overschie,Ov educon’
sfounder
.
 Fi
gure3.Achartf
rom thewitnesstestrepor
twrit
tenbyexter
nalpumpspeci
ali
st
Oveducon,
whichindependentl
yverif
iedSAM4’scalcul
ati
onsinanISO9906test
envi
ronment.

Wantt
oknowmor
e?
Readourtechnical
repor
t:
 HowSAM4det
ect
sdevel
opi
ngfaul
tsi
nindust
ri
alpumps 
for
moreinf
ormationonhowSAM4canhelpyougett
hemostoutofyouri
ndust
ri
alpumps.

2.MotorCur
rentSi
gnat
ureAnal
ysi
sforGearTr
ainFaul
t
Detect
ion

pCent
er
SearchSuppor t
SearchSuppor t
Document at
ionHome
Predicti
veMai ntenanceToolbox
I
dent i
fyConditionIndicator
s
I
dent i
fyConditionIndicator
sattheCommandLi ne
Predicti
veMai ntenanceToolbox
I
dent i
fyConditionIndicator
s
Mot orCurr
entSi gnatureAnalysi
sforGearTr
ainFaul
tDet
ect
ion
ONTHI SPAGE
Hardwar eOver vi
ew
ServoGearTr ain
Visuali
zeDat a
Comput eNomi nalRpm
Const r
uctFrequencyBands
ExtractPowerSpect ralDensit
y(PSD)Data
Comput eSpect ralMet r
ics
CreateScatterPl ot
HelperFunction
SeeAl so
Mot orCurr
entSi gnatureAnalysi
sforGearTr
ainFaul
tDet
ect
ion
ViewMATLABCommand

Thisexampl eshowshowt oi dent i

fyf aultsinageart r
ainusing
mot orcurrentsignat ureanal ysis( MCSA)ofacur rentsignal
driv
ingahobby -gradeser vo.MCSAi sausef ulmethodf orthe
diagnosisoff aultsthatinducet or queorspeedf luctuati
ons,and
hasbeenpr ovent obei deal formot orf aultanaly
sis.Gearf aul
t
detecti
onusi ngt raditi
onal vi
br ationi nst r
ument sischal l
enging,
especiall
yincaseswher et hegeart rainisnoteasi lyaccessible
forinstr
ument ationwi t
haccel er omet ersorot herv i
brati
on
sensors,li
ket hei nnerwor kingsofanucl earpowerpl ant.This
exampl eil
lustrateshowt oappl ycur rentsi gnatureanalysisto
extractspectralmet ricstodet ectf aultsindr ivegearsofahobby -
gradeser v
omot or .Thesimpl ifiedwor kfl
owt oobtainthespect r
al
met
ri
csf
rom t
hecur
rentsi
gnal
isasf
oll
ows:

Comput
enomi
nal
rpm t
odet
ectf
requenci
esofi
nter
est
.

Const
ructf
requencybandswher
efaul
tsi
gnal
smaybepr
esent
.

Ext
ractpowerspect
ral
densi
ty(
PSD)dat
a.

Comput
espect
ral
met
ri
csatt
hef
requencybandsofi
nter
est
.

Har
dwar
eOv
erv
iew

Forthisexampl e,t
heelectri
cal currentdatawascol l
ectedf r
om a
standardFutabaS3003hobbyser v
o, whichwasmodi f
iedfor
continuousrot ati
on.Servosconv ertthehighspeedoft heinternal
DCmot ortohi ghtorqueatt heout putspline.Toachi
ev ethis,
servosconsistofaDCmot or,asetofny l
onormet aldrivegear s,
andt hecontrol ci
rcuit
.Thecont rolcir
cui
twasr emov edt oall
ow
thecur r
entsignal totheDCmot ortobedi rect
lymonitored.The
tachomet ersignalattheout putspl ineoftheservowascol lected
usingani nfr
aredphot ointer
rupt eralongwi tha35mm di amet er,
eight-
hol
ed,standardhobbyservowheel.Theeightholesinthe
wheel wer
eequal l
yspacedandt heIRphotoi
nterr
upterwas
placedsuchthattherewereexactl
yeightpul
sesperr otat
ionof
theservowheel hor
n.Theservoandphot oi
nterr
upterwereheldin
placebycustom 3-Dprint
edmount s.

TheDCmot orwasdr iv enataconst ant5v olts,andwi thfourpair

s
ofgear sprov i
ding278: 1speedr eduction,t
heshaf tspeedatt he
splinewasabout50r pm.Thecur rentconsumpt i
onwas
calculatedusingOhm' slawbymeasur i
ngthev ol
tagedr opacross
a0. 5Ohm r esistor.Sincet hechangei ncurrentmeasur ement
valueswast oosmal lfordetection,thecurrentsignal was
ampl i
fi
edusingasi ngle-supplysensori nt
erfaceampl i
fi
er.The
ampl i
fi
edcur r
entsi gnal wasthenf il
teredusinganant i
-ali
asing
fi
fth-orderell
ipti
cl ow-passf il
tertosmoot hi tandt oeliminate
noisebef oresendi ngi ttoanAr duinoUnot hr oughananal og-t
o-
digitalconverter(ADC) .

Ast
hef
lowchar
tshows,
thecur
rentsi
gnal
wasf
ir
stampl
i
fiedand
fi
lteredusingtheampl i
fi
erandtheant i
-ali
asi
ngl ow-passf i
l
ter,
respect i
vel
y.TheArduinoUnosampl edt hecurrentsignalthrough
anADCat1. 5kHzandst r
eamedi ttothecomput eralongwiththe
tachomet erpulsesasseri
aldataatabaudr ateof115200.A
MATLABscr i
ptfet
chedtheser i
aldatafrom theAr duinoUnoand
wrotei ttoacomma- separatedval
ues( CSV)f i
l
e.TheCSVf il
es
wer ethenreadandpr ocessedusingMATLABt oext r
actthe
spect r
al metr
ics.

Ser
voGearTr
ain

TheFut abaS3003ser v oconsi stsoff ourpairsofnyl

ongear sas
i
llustr
atedint heabov ef i
gure.Thepi ni onP1ont heDCmot or
shaftmesheswi tht hest eppedgearG1.Thepi ni
onP2i sa
mol dedpar tofthest eppedgearG1andmesheswi t
hthest epped
gearG2.Thepi nionP3, whichi samol dedpartofgearG2,
mesheswi ththest eppedgearG3.Pi nionP4, whi
chismol ded
withG3, mesheswi tht hef i
nal gearG4t hatisatt
achedt othe
outputspline.Thest eppedgearset sG1andP2, G2andP3, and
G3andP4ar efreespi nninggear s−t hati s,
theyarenotattached
totheirrespecti
v eshaf t
s.Thesetofdr i
vegearsprovi
desa278: 1
reducti
ongoi ngf rom amot orspeedof13901r pm toabout50
rpm attheout putspl inewhent hemot orisdri
venat5v olt
s.The
foll
owingt ableout l
inest het oothcountandt heoreti
calval
uesof
outputspeed, gearmeshf r
equenci es, andcumulativ
egear
r
educt
ionateachgearmesh.

Atotalof10heal thydat asetswer ecollectedbeforet hefault

s
wereintr
oducedi nt hesteppedgear sG2andG3.Si ncet hegears
weremol dedoutofny l
on, simulat
edcr ackswer eintroducedin
bot
ht hegear sbycut t
ingsl otsinthetoothspacewi t
hahobby
kni
fe.Thet oothspacei sthegapbet weent woadj acentteeth
measuredal ongt hepitchcircleofthespurgear .Thesl otdepths
wereabout70per centoft hegearr adi
us.At otalof10f aultydat
a
set
swer erecor dedafterintroduci
ngt hef aul
tsinthegear sG2
andG3.
Visuali
zeData
Thef i
lemcsaData.matcontainsserv
oData,a10-by-2t
ableof
ti
met abl
eswhereeacht i
met abl
ecorrespondstoonedataset.
Thef i
rstcol
umnofser v
oDat acontai
ns10t i
metabl
esofhealthy
datawhi l
ethesecondcolumncont ai
ns10t imet
ablesoffaul
ty
data.Eachdatasetcontai
nsabout11secondsofdat asampled
at1500Hz.

Loadt
hedat
a.

l
oad('mcsaData.
mat '
,'
ser
voData'
)
ser
voData
ser
voData=10×2t abl
e
heal
thyData fault
yData
_
__ _
_____
________
__ _ __
_____
____
___
___
_

{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}
{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}
{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}
{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}
{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}
{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}
{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}
{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}
{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}
{
16384x2t
imet
abl
e} {
16384x2t
imet
abl
e}

head(serv
oData.heal
thyData{
1,1}
)
ans=8×2timetable
Time Pulse Signal
___
_ _
_____
____ _ __
__ _ __
___

0sec 0 66.
523
0.
00066667sec 0 62. 798
0.
0013333sec 0 63. 596
 0.
002sec 0 64.
128
0.
0026667sec 0 60.669
0.
0033333sec 0 62.798
0.
004sec 0 65.
459
0.
0046667sec 0 56.678

Eachtimetabl
einserv
oDatacontai
nsonedat
asetwiththe
tachometersi
gnali
nthefi
rstcol
umnandthecur
rentsignal
int
he
secondcolumn.

Fort
hisexampl
e,consideroneseteachofheal
thyandfaul
tydat
a,
andvi
suali
zet
hecurrentsignal
andtachometerpul
ses.

healt
hyDat a=servoDat a.healthyData{
1,1}
;
faul
tyData=ser voDat a.
fault
y Data{1,
1};
healt
hyCur r
ent=heal thyData.Signal;
faul
tyCurr
ent=f aultyData.Signal;
healt
hyTacho=heal thyData.Pulse;
faul
tyTacho=f aulty
Dat a.Pulse;
tHeal
thy=heal thyData.Time;
tFaul
ty=f aul
tyData.Time;

fi
gure
ax1=subpl ot(221);
plot(
tHeal t
hy,healthyCurr
ent)
ti
tle(
'CurrentSignal -Healt
hyGears'
)
yl
abel (
'Current( mA)')
ax2=subpl ot(222);
plot(
tFaulty,f
aultyCurrent
)
ti
tle(
'CurrentSignal -Fault
yGears'
)
yl
abel (
'Current( mA)')
ax3=subpl ot(223);
plot(
tHeal t
hy,healthyTacho)
ti
tle(
'Tachomet erPulse-Healt
hyGears'
)
yl
abel (
'Pulses,8/ r
ev')
ax4=subpl ot(224);
plot(
tFaulty,
faultyTacho)
ti
tle(
'Tachomet erPulse-Fault
yGear
s')
yl
abel (
'Pul
ses, 8/rev'
)
l
inkaxes([ax1,ax2,ax3,ax4]
,
'x'
);
ax1.XLim =seconds( [02])
;

Theoutputspl
i
neoft
heservohasei
ghtpul
sesperr
otat
ion,
cor
respondi
ngtot
heeighthol
esont
heservowheel
.

ComputeNomi nalRpm
Computet henomi nal speedt odetectfrequenci
esofint
erestin
thegearsystem andmat chthem correctl
ywiththefr
equencies
onthepowerspect ra.Usi ngthesampl i
ngf r
equencyval
ueof
1500Hz, vi
suali
zet het achomet ersi
gnal andcomputethe
nominalrpm usingt achor pm.

f
s=1500;
f
igur
e
t
achorpm(
heal
thy
Tacho,
fs,
'
Pul
sesPer
Rev
',
8)
f
igur
e
t
achorpm(
faul
tyTacho,
fs,
'
Pul
sesPer
Rev
',
8)

r
pmHeal
thy=mean(
tachor
pm(
heal
thy
Tacho,
fs,
'
Pul
sesPer
Rev
',
8))
rpmHealt
hy=49. 8550
rpmFault
y=mean( t
achorpm(fault
yTacho,fs,
'Pul
sesPer Rev'
,
8))
rpmFault
y=49. 5267
Observethatthereisav erysmalldiff
erenceintheout putshaf
t
speedbetweent heheal t
hyandf ault
ydat asets.Theact ual
nominalrpm valuesar ealsocl
oset othetheoreti
calvalueof50
rpm.Hence,consi derthesamev alueof49. 9rpm forbot ht
he
heal
thyandf aul
tysi gnalanal
ysi
s.

Const r
uctFr equencyBands
Const r
uctingfrequencybandsi sani mpor t
antpr erequi
sit
ef or
comput ingthespect ralmetri
cs.Usingt hetoothcountoft hedriv
e
gearsint hegeart rainandt henomi nalrpm, f
ir
stcomput ethe
frequenciesofi nterest.Thefrequenciesofinterestareactual
outputspeedv aluesi nhert
zwhosev aluesarecl osetothe
theoreti
cal v
aluesl i
stedi nthetablebelow.

G4=41; G3=35;G2=50;G1=62;
P4=16;P3=10; P2=10;
P1=10;
rpm =r
pmHealt
hy ;

FS5=mean(
rpm)/
60;
FS4=G4/
P4*FS5;
FS3=G3/P3*FS4;
FS2=G2/ P2*
FS3;
FS1=G1/ P1*
FS2;
FS=[FS1,
FS2,
FS3,
FS4,
FS5]
FS=1×5

231.
0207 37.
2614 7.
4523 2.
1292 0.
8309

Next,const
ructt
hefr
equencybandsfortheallt
heoutputspeeds
whichincl
udethefol
l
owingfrequenci
esofint
erestusi
ng
f
aultBands.

FS1at231Hz,
itsf
ir
stt
wohar
moni
cs,
and0:
1si
debandsofFS2

FS2at37.
3Hz,
itsf
ir
stt
wohar
moni
cs,
and0:
1si
debandsofFS3

FS3at7.
5Hzandi
tsf
ir
stt
wohar
moni
cs

FS4at2.
1Hzandi
tsf
ir
stt
wohar
moni
cs

[
FB1,
i
nfo1]=faul
tBands(
FS1,
1:2,
FS2,
0:1)
;
[
FB2,
i
nfo2]=faul
tBands(
FS2,
1:2,
FS3,
0:1)
;
[
FB3,
i
nfo3]=faul
tBands(
FS3,
1:2)
;
[
FB4,
i
nfo4]=faul
tBands(
FS4,
1:2)
;
FB=[
FB1;FB2;
FB3;FB4]
FB=16×2

187.9838199.
5348
225.2452236.
7962
262.5066274.
0577
419.0045430.
5556
456.2659467.
8170
493.5273505.
0784
28.8776 30.
7407
36.3299 38.
1929
 43.
7822 45.
6452
66.
1390 68.
0021
⋮

TheoutputFBi
sa16-by-
2ar
rayoff
requencyr
angesf
ort
hese
fr
equenci
esofi
nter
est.

ExtractPowerSpectr alDensi
ty(PSD)Dat a
Comput eandv i
sualizethepowerspect rum ofthehealt
hyand
fault
ydata.Al
sopl ott hefr
equenciesofinterestonthespect
rum
plotbyusingtheinfor mati
oninthestructureinfo.

fi
gure
pspectrum(healthyCur rent,f
s,'
FrequencyResoluti
on',
0.5)
holdon
pspectrum(faultyCurrent ,
fs,
'Fr
equency Resolut
ion'
,0.
5)
holdon
i
nfo1.Labels=r egexpr ep(info1.
Labels,'
F0',
'
FS1');
i
nfo1.Labels=r egexpr ep(info1.
Labels,'
F1',
'
FS2');
hel
perPlotXLines(info1,[0.50.50.5])
i
nfo2.Labels=r egexpr ep(info2.
Labels,'
F0',
'
FS2');
i
nfo2.Labels=r egexpr ep(info2.
Labels,'
F1',
'
FS3');
hel
perPlotXLines(info2,[0.50.50.5])
i
nfo3.Labels=r egexpr ep(info3.
Labels,'
F0',
'
FS3');
hel
perPlotXLines(info3,[0.50.50.5])
i
nfo4.Labels=r egexpr ep(info4.
Labels,'
F0',
'
FS4');
hel
perPlotXLines(info4,[0.50.50.5])
l
egend('HealthyDat a',
'
Faul tyData',
'
Location'
,'
South')
holdoff
Theplotinblueindi
cat
esthehealt
hyspectr
um whil
etheploti
n
redindi
catesthespect
rum ofthef
ault
ydata.Fr
om thepl
ot,
observetheincr
easeinampli
tudesoffaul
tfr
equenci
es:

1FS1at231Hz, i
tssecondhar
moni
c2FS1at462Hz,
andt
hei
r
respect
ivesi
debands

Zoom i
nonthepl
ott
oobservethei
ncr
easei
nampl
i
tudesoft
he
fol
l
owingr
emaini
ngf
requenci
es:

1FS2at37.
2Hzandi
tssi
debands

1FS3at7.
5Hzandi
tssecondhar
moni
c2FS3at15Hz

1FS4at2.
1Hzandi
tssecondhar
moni
c2FS4at4.
2Hz
Usepspectr
um tocomputeandstor
et hePSDandthef r
equency
gr
iddatafortheheal
thyandf
aul
tysignalsr
espect
ivel
y.

[psdHeal t
hy,fHealthy
]=
pspectrum( healthyCurrent,f
s,'
FrequencyResol
uti
on',
0.5)
;
[psdFaulty,
fFaulty]=
pspectrum( fault
y Cur
rent ,
fs,
'FrequencyResol
uti
on'
,0.
5);
Comput eSpect r
al Metrics
Usingt hefrequencybandsandt hePSDdat a,
comput ethe
spectralmet ri
csf ortheheal thyandf aul
tydat
ausing
fault
BandMet ri
cs.

spectr
alMetr
ics=
faul
tBandMetri
cs({[
psdHealt
hy,f
Healt
hy]
,
[psdFaul
ty,
fFaul
ty]
},
FB)
spectr
alMetr
ics=2×49tabl
e
PeakAmplit
ude1 PeakFr equency
1 BandPower 1
PeakAmplit
ude2 PeakFr equency2 BandPower2
PeakAmplit
ude3 PeakFr equency3 BandPower3
PeakAmplit
ude4 PeakFr equency4 BandPower4
PeakAmplit
ude5 PeakFr equency5 BandPower5
PeakAmplitude6 PeakFrequency6 BandPower 6
PeakAmplitude7 PeakFrequency7 BandPower 7
PeakAmplitude8 PeakFrequency8 BandPower 8
PeakAmplitude9 PeakFrequency9 BandPower 9
PeakAmplitude10 PeakFrequency10 BandPower 10
PeakAmplitude11 PeakFrequency11 BandPower 11
PeakAmplitude12 PeakFrequency12 BandPower 12
PeakAmplitude13 PeakFrequency13 BandPower 13
PeakAmplitude14 PeakFrequency14 BandPower 14
PeakAmplitude15 PeakFrequency15 BandPower 15
PeakAmplitude16 PeakFrequency16 BandPower 16
Total
BandPower
_____
________
_ _ _
_____
_____
__ _ _
_____
___ _ _
______
_____
_
___
_ _
_____
__ _
_ _ _
_____
___ _ _
____
_____
___ _ _
______
_____
_
___
_ _
_____ _ __
___
_____
___ _ _
____
_____
___ _ _
______
__
___
_ _
_____
__ _
_ _ _
_____
_____
__ _ _
_____
___ _ _
______
_____
_
___
_ _
_____
__ _
_ _ _
_____
___ _ _
____
_____
___ _ _
______
_____
_
___
_ _
_____ _ __
___
_____
___ _ _
____
_____
___ _ _
______
__
___
_ _
_____
__ _
_ _ _
_____
_____
__ _ _
_____
___ _ _
______
_____
__
___
_ _
_____
__ _
__ ______
_____ ____
_____
_____
_ _ ____
_____
_____
___
_ _
_____
_ _ _
___
_____
_____ ____
_____
_____
_ _ ____
_____
_
___
_ _
_____
__ _
__ ______
_____
____ _____
_____
_ _ ____
_____
_____
___
_ _
_____
__ _
__ ______
_____ ____
_____
_____
_ _ ____
_____
_____
___
_ _
_____
_ _ _
___
_____
_____ ____
_____
_____
_ _ ____
_____
_
___
_ _
_____
__ _
_

0.
002071 193.
75 0.010883 0.50813
231.
06 0.
46652 0.
0019579 272. 5 0.01184
0.
0020489 424.
06 0.011224 0.54985 462
0.
8955 0.0024297 493.69 0.
0091051 0. 0029648
29.
812 0.0035477 0.015581 37. 25 0.
011131
0.
0028858 44.
688 0.0041316 0.011896
67.
062 0.0072763 0.059124 74.5 0.033566
0.
013218 82 0.007988 5. 7905 7.4375
2.
3115 0.068452 14.938 0.027653 0.79002
2.
125 0.14381 0.098478 4.
25 0.018058
3.
9737
0.0098034 192.44 0.017915 3.6923
229.44 2.9976 0.0035208 266.44 0.015639
0.
005705 421. 75 0.019292 1.2974 459.69
3.
2184 0.0053275 495.88 0.
016296 0. 0031679
28.
938 0.004428 0.023981 37 0.014445
0.
0136 44. 438 0.0089112 0.
01142 66.625
0.
0077036 0.068403 74 0.
037017 0.012242
81.
438 0.0075801 7.7931 7.375 3.0192
0.
15693 14. 812 0. 058259 2.4212 2.125
0.
44071 0.55162 4.25 0.
10029 9.9837

Theout putisa2- by-

49t abl
eofmet r
icsf orthefrequencyranges
i
nFB.Thef ir
str owcont ainsthemetricsf orhealt
hydatawhi l
ethe
secondr owcont ainsthefault
ydatamet r
ics.Observethatthe
fol
lowingmet ricshav econsiderabl
yhi ghervaluesforthefaul
ty
datathanf ortheheal thydata:

PeakAmpl
i
tude2f
ort
hef
requencyat231Hzwi
thadi
ff
erenceof
3.
1842uni
ts

Tot
alBandPowerwi
thadi
ff
erenceof6.
01uni
ts

Hence,
usethesetwometr
icst
ocreat
eascat
terpl
ott
ogr
oupt
he
f
ault
yandhealthydat
aset
ssepar
atel
y.

Creat
eScatterPlot
Creat
eascat t
erplottoclassi
fyhealt
hyandfaul
tydat
ausingthe
twospect
ralmet ri
csPeakAmpl i
tude2andTotal
BandPowerforal
l
20datasetsinthetableservoData.

plot
Dat
a=zer os(10,4);
forn=1:max(si
ze( ser
voData))
hC=servoData.healt
hyData{
n,1}
.Si
gnal
;
 f
C=ser
voDat
a.f
aul
tyDat
a{n,
1}.
Signal
;

[
psdH,
freqH]=pspect
rum(
hC,f
s,'
FrequencyResoluti
on',
0.5);
[
psdF,
fr
eqF]=pspectr
um(f
C,f
s,'
FrequencyResoluti
on',
0.5);

sMet rics=f aul

tBandMetrics({
[psdH,fr
eqH] ,
[psdF,
fr
eqF]
},
FB)
;
plotDat a(n,
:)=[sMetri
cs{:
,
4} '
,
sMet r
ics{:
,49}'
]
;
end
fi
gure
scatter(plotData(
:,
1),
plot
Data(:,
3),
[]
,'
blue'
)
holdon;
scatter(plotData(
:,
2),
plot
Data(:,
4),
[]
,'
red'
)
l
egend( 'Heal t
hyData',
'
Fault
yDat a',
'
Location',
'
best')
xl
abel (
'PeakAmpl it
ude2')
yl
abel (
'Tot alBandPower '
)
holdof f

Obser
vet
hatt
hehealt
hydat
asetsandt hefault
ydat
aset
sar
e
gr
oupedi
ndif
fer
entar
easofthescat
terplot.

Hence,youcanclassi
fyfaul
tyandheal
thydat
abyanal
yzi
ngt
he
cur
rentsignat
ureoftheserv
omot or
.
Touseal
ltheavai
l
abl
espect
ral
met
ri
csf
orcl
assi
fi
cat
ion,
use
Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionLear
ner
.

HelperFuncti
on
Thehelperfunct
ionhel
per
Plot
XLinesusest
hei nf
ormati
onint
he
str
ucturei
nfotoplott
hefr
equencybandcenterli
nesonthe
powerspectrum pl
ot.

functi
onhelperPl
otXLines(
I,
c)
fork=1:length(
I.
Centers)
xli
ne(I
.Cent
ers(k)
,'
Label'
,
I.
Label
s(k)
,'
Li
neSt
yle'
,
'-
.'
,
'Col
or'
,
c);
end

3.Vi
brat
ionandmotorcur
rentanal
ysi
sofi
nduct
ionmot
orst
o
di
agnosemechani
calfaul
ts
HakanÇalı
ş

ht
tps:
//s.
docwor
kspace.
com/
d/AFt
C7l
nr8Por
kfGEwNy
dFA

4.HowdoesAr t
esisTechnologywork?
Art
esi
s’uni
quepatentedtechnol
ogyutil
i
zesmodel-
basedvolt
age
andcurr
entsy
stem approachtodetectwider
angeoffaul
tson
el
ectr
icmotor
s.

Thismodel -
basedappr oachwor ksonthepr i
nci
plethatthe
curr
entdrawnbyanel ectri
cmot orisaff
ectedbynotonlythe
appli
edvoltagebutalsot hebehaviourofboththemot orandthe
dri
venequipment .I
tidentif
iesthedist
orti
onsofthecur r
ent
wavefor
mt hathavenotbeencausedbydi stor
ti
onsont hevol
tage
wavefor
m andt hereforemusthav ebeencausedbyt hebehav
iour
ofthemot oranddrivenequi pmentsystem.Thefrequencyof
t
hesedist
ort
ionsi
ndi
catest
henatur
eofthecause,
andthe
magni
tudeofthedi
stor
ti
onsindi
cat
est
heseveri
tyoft
hecause.

HowdoesModel -BasedVol tageandCur rentsy stem analysi

s
compar ewi t
hVA?
Compar edt oVi brati
onAnal ysis,Artesi
st echnol ogyismor e
sensit
ivetot orsional phenomena, whereasVi brationsystemsare
mor esensiti
v etor adialphenomena.Model -
basedsy stem can
detectawi der angeofmechani calphenomenai nsidethemot or
anddr i
venequi pment ,notonlyrelatedtobear ingsbutal soto
commoni ssuessuchasmi sali
gnmentandunbal ance.Ital
so
detectsarangeofel ectri
calproblemssuchasbr okenrotorbars
andloosemot orwi ndi ngs.

Model -basedv olt

ageandcur rentanaly sismeasur ear angeof
electr
ical paramet erssuchasTot alHar monicDistorti
on( THD)
,
VoltageI mbal anceandCur rentImbal ancet hatcant hemselves
contributetol ongert er
m mechani calaswel laselectri
cal
problems.Thesepar amet er
scanal sogi v er
isetov i
bration
signals,thatcansomet imesbemi sinterpret
edbyVi brat
ion
Analysisasmechani calfaultssuchasbear i
ngpr oblems.Because
theseel ectri
cal parametersar ebeingdi r
ectl
ymeasur edby
Artesistechnol ogysuchf alsedi agnosi scanbeav oided.

Aswi t
hVi brati
onMoni t
oring,thesignalsidenti
fi
edbymodel -
basedsy stem approachincreasewhent heequipmenti sworking
undergreat erl
oad.Justusingt hei
ncr easedv i
brat
ionlevelsonly
,
onemi ghtf al
sel
yconcludet hatapr oblem wasdev el
oping.
Becausemodel -
basedsy stem measur eVol t
ageandCur r
ent,t
hey
alsocalculatepower,anduset hisloadi nf
ormationtonor mali
se
readi
ngst oav oi
dsuchf alsediagnoses.

Ar
tesismodel-
basedsystem (
usi
ngthemot
orasasensor
)see
si
milarphenomenatoaccel
erometer
s.
Ar
tesi
sModel
Syst
em

HowdoesModel -BasedVoltageandCur r
entsystem anal ysi
s
comparewi t
hMCSA?
MCSA( MotorCurrentSi
gnatureAnalysi
s)isawell-establi
shed
techni
quethatr
eli
esont hesamef undamentalprincipleasModel
-basedvol
tageandcurrentanaly
sis,
thatthecurr
entdr awnbya
mot ori
saffectedbyanumberoff act
ors,t
hateachoccurat
specifi
c,i
denti
fiablefr
equenci
es.MCSAi sclassi
call
yusedfor
i
dent i
fyi
ngrotor-barpr
oblemsininducti
onmot or
s,aphenomenon
thatmodel-basedsy st
em canalsoident
ify
,withgeneral
l
ybett
er
resolut
ionthanMCSA.

However
,model-basedsy
stem i
smuchmor epowerf
ulthan
MCSAatidenti
fyi
nganddiagnosingawiderangeofphenomena.
Thekeydi
ffer
encesbetweenArtesi
stechnol
ogyandMCSA
syst
emsare:

MCSA
MCSAper for
msaspect ral
analy
sisont heful
lmotorcurrent-
whichisdominatedbythe50Hzor60Hzsuppl yfr
equency;rot
or
barfaul
tsaredetect
edasthediff
erenceinheightbetweenthe
supplypeakandpoledominantpassfrequency,t
ypical
l
y60dBf or
agoodcondi t
ionmotorfal
li
ngto30dBav er
ybadone.

MCSAi
sgener
all
ybasedonCur
rentonl
y.

MCSAof
tenusesonephaseonl
y.

Model-
BasedVoltageandCur rentAnal
ysis
Model-
basedapproachanal ysest he"
resi
dualcurr
ent"–t he
di
stort
ionsonthecurrentwav eformthathavenotbeencausedby
di
stort
ionsonthevoltagewav eform.Thiseli
minat
est he
dominantsuppl
yfrequency,andf ocusesonthesignalsthat
i
ndicat
et hef
ault
srightacrosst hespectr
um.

Model-
basedappr oachmeasuresbothvolt
ageandcur
rentt
o
removedist
ort
ionsf r
om cur
rentwavefor
mt hathav
ebeen
gener
atedbydistorti
onsonthevol
tagewav ef
orm.

Model
-basedsyst
em measur
esal
lthr
eephasesofcur
rentandal
l
t
hreephasesofvol
tage.
Model-
basedsy st
em ismuchmoresensi
ti
vetoawiderangeof
phenomenabecausei t
sspect
rai
snotdominatedbyt
hemai ns
suppl
yfrequencypeak.

Dist
orti
onsont hev ol
tagesupplywouldleadt
oMCSAidenti
fyi
ng
spuri
ousfaultsSuchdi st
ort
ionsarequit
ecommononmany
i
ndustri
alelectr
ici
tysuppli
es,andcanbeenormousoninv
erter
-
dri
venequipment .

I
ssuesthatcanber
evealedbytheunbal
ancebet
weenphasesar
e
i
nvi
sibl
ewhenonlyasinglephasei
smeasured.

5.CONDI
TIONMONI
TORI
NGPOD

Lunet
aLLC0
Condi
ti
onMoni
tor
ingPodCondi
ti
onMoni
tor
ingPodCondi
ti
on
Monit
ori
ngPod

CONDI
TIONMONI
TORI
NGPOD
$256.
47

THREADTYPE

NPT
THREADSI
ZE

0.
5"Male
Par
tNumber :CMPOD.050NPTADDTOCART
Col
lect
ions:Al
lLunet
aProducts,
OilLev
elMoni
tor
ing,
Oil
Lev
el
Por
t,OilSampli
ng,Vi
sualI
nspect
ion

Ty
pe:
Pod
Detectmachinef
ault
sf asterwiththeConditi
onMoni t
ori
ngPod.
Thismulti
-par
ameterinspectionpodlet
sy ouqui ckl
yobserveoil
l
evel,col
orandcl
arit
y,oilaerati
onandf oaming,corrosi
on,var
nish,
weardebrisandmuchmor e.Youwi l
lquickl
yidentif
yrootcauses
andsy mptomsoffai
lurethatwouldhav epreviouslygone
undetect
ed.

We'venowmadet heCMPev enbett

erthanbefore.Ourengineer
s
haveredesignedit
ssightglasstoi
ncorpor
at et
hesamesuper -
toughTrit
an™copolyesterastheLunet
aSi ghtGl
ass.Weal so
tooktheoppor t
uni
tytoaddVi t
on™O-Ringstobotht hecor
rosion
i
ndicatorandthemagnet i
cplugtoensureaconsi st
entseal
.

FULLCATALOGUEAVAI
LABLEATTHI
SURL

ht
tps:
//s.
docwor
kspace.
com/
d/AKdhv
uDr
8Por
wci
rwNy
dFA

6.3REASONSTOCONSI DERA CUSTOMERLASERALI

GNMENT
SYSTEM bySei
ff
ertI
ndust
ri
al

Wit
houtquesti
on,ani
ndustr
ialbusi
nessneedsit
smachinestobe
worki
ngproper
lyandeff
ici
entl
yinordert
oachievet
heresul
tsthe
companyyearnsfor.Tohavemachi
nesworkingandproduci
ngat
thei
rbest
,it
’svi
tali
ndust
rial
busi
nesseshav
et hem pr
operl
y
ali
gned.

Oneofthebestwaystoensureyourmachinesareproper
ly
al
ignedist
oinvesti
nacustom laserali
gnmentsyst
em.Herear
e
3reasonswhyitcoul
dhel
py ourbusiness.

Acust om laserali
gnmentsystem isgearedt othespecifi
cneeds
ofyourbusi ness.Whil
ethemachi nesi nani ndustri
albusinesses
mayl ookthesamet othenakedey e,thetruthistheyar eusedf or
awi derangeofpur posesandatdi ff
erentv olumes.Assuch, it
onlymakessenset hatbusi
nesseshav eacust om laseralignment
system thatisgearedtowardstheirmachi nesact ualneeds, and
i
smat chedt otherhy
thm andflowoft heirwor kday.
Acust om l
aserali
gnmentsy st
em prevent
scompani esf
rom
havingtohir
eat hir
dpar t
ytoshowupandcheckal i
gnments.By
havingyourlaseral
ignmentsystem i
nplace,you’
l
limmediately
knowwhet herornoty ourmachinesareoff,
andyoucancor rect
them in-
housewi t
houthavingtostopoperati
onswhiley
ouwai t
forhelp.
Acust om l
aseral
ignmentsyst
em helpst hebot t
om line.Bei
ng
abletoperfor
m ali
gnmentservi
cesin-housewi llnotonlysaveyou
onexpenses,butitwil
lal
sohelpyougetouti nfrontofissues,
preventi
ngcostl
yshutdownsfrom occurring.It
’stheulti
matewin-
win;itmakesyourli
feeasi
erandimpr ovest heeffi
ciencyofyour
business.
Sei
ff
ertI
ndust
ri
almakescust
om l
aseral
i
gnmentsy
stemsr
ight
her
eint
heUSA.Wewil
ltai
l
oryoursy
stem t
oy ourspeci
fi
cneeds,
andwehav
eover30y
earsofl
aseral
ignmentexperi
ence.

Tol
ear
nmor
eabouthowwecanhel
pyourbusi
ness,
cont
actus.

7.CONNECTAUTOMATI
ONTOTHEPOWEROFPREDI
CTI
VE
MAINTENANCE
Lev
eragingoper
ati
onaldat
aalreadyi
ncont
rolsyst
emscandr
ive
di
str
ibuti
oncent
er(DC)perf
ormanceandmaintenance
i
mprov ement
s.
BYERI
CRI
CE

Lear
ningObj
ect
ives
U.S.Depart
mentofEner
gysai
dII
oT-
driv
enpredi
cti
ve
maintenanceoper
ati
ondel
i
ver
eda1,000%ret
urnoninv
est
ment
(ROI)
.
Aut
omat
eddev
icesandsy
stemshel
pdi
str
ibut
ionandf
ulf
il
lment
.
Smar
tglassesall
owatechni
ciant
oshareli
veaudi
o/vi
deoinr
eal
ti
mewit
hor i
ginal
equi
pmentmanufact
urer(OEM)exper
ts.
I
ndust ry4.0,Industr
ialI
nter
netofThings( II
oT)anddigit
al
transformat i
oneffortsar
ehel pi
ngmat eri
alhandli
ngcompanies
recogni zetheneedt omakeaf undamentalshif
tinhow
distr
ibut i
onandf ul
fi
llment(D&F)operati
onsar erun.I
nfact
,70%
ofmat eri
alhandli
ngexecutivesconsiderindust
ry4.0atoppri
ori
ty.
Whi l
et hepotent
ialbenefi
tsofIIoTtechnologiesarewel l
-knownin
otherindustri
es,theD&Fsect orhasrelati
velyslowadopt i
onrates.
Ar ecentstudyrevealedonly2%ofexecut ivesidenti
fi
edsuppl y
chainper f
ormanceasaf ocusoftheirdigi
talstrat
egies.This
tr
endsuggest sI
IoT’simportancemaybebot hmi sunderstood
and/ orit
spotenti
al benef
it
sdi f
fi
cul
ttomeasur e.

I
nt heenergysector,I
IoT’str
ansfor mativeoper at
ionalimpact s
wereprovenadecadeago.A2010Depar tmentofEner gystudyof
operati
ons,maintenanceandener gyprofessionalsrevealedt he
averagesavi
ngsf rom anIIoT-
drivenpr edicti
vemai ntenance
operati
ondeli
vereda1, 000%r et
ur noni nvestment( ROI),i
ncluding
thefoll
owingkeyper f
ormancei ndicators( KPIs):

25t
o30%r
educt
ioni
nmai
ntenancecost
s
70t
o75%el
i
minat
ionofequi
pmentbr
eakdowns
35t
o40%decr
easei
ndownt
ime
20t
o25%i
ncr
easei
npr
oduct
ion.
Thebui
l
dingaut
omat
ionsect
orhasbeendepl
oyi
ngI
IoTbest
practi
cesformor ethanadecade.Ot herindustri
alsect
ors,l
i
kethe
oi
l andgasindustry,al
sohav ewil
li
nglyembr acedthepowerof
operati
onaldatatohel ppredi
cti
vemai nt
enance.Despitethe
di
fferencesbetweent hesesector
sandD&F, theysharesimi
lar
businessobject
ivesandKPI s–andt hesamepot enti
all
y
tr
ansformati
v ebenefit
s.

Fi
gur e1: Wheni tcomest omai nt
enanceoper at
ions,l
i
mi t
ingthe
durationofdownt i
mei satoppr i
ori
ty.Mar ketgrowthpair
edwi t
h
adecl iningtechnicianworkforcewilldictatetheneedf ormore
predictiveaut omation.Asar esul
t,enterpriseandDCoper at
ors
willneedt heinsi
ght st
oimplementsmar terprocessesand
achiev emor erel
iableequi
pmentoper ati
on.Cour t
esy:Honeywell
I
ntelli
gr ated
Aut
omat
eddev
icesandsy
stemsf
ordi
str
ibut
ionandf
ulf
il
lment
TheD&Fi ndustr
yhasit
sownuni quecompl exi
ti
es,bar r
ier
sto
adopt i
onandoppor t
unitycost
sf orautomationdevicesand
systems.Becausenot wooper ati
onsar eal
ike,i
tcanbedi f
fi
cult
toappr oachimplementati
onfrom a“standard”perspectiv
e.The
ever-presentri
skofdi
srupti
ngoper at
ionsinahy per-competit
ive,
e
-commer ceful
fi
ll
mentsectoralsomaybeadet err
ent .

Theprolif
erationofwar ehousesof t
war e,managementsy stems
andautomat iontechnol ogiescanpr esentcompat i
bili
ty
chall
engeswheni ntegratingexist i
ngasset sintoaconnect ed
i
nfrastr
ucture.Formostcompani es, t
heabsenceofav iable
changemanagementst rategypr eventsthem from achievi
ng
fundamental progressandaf fectingtherequiredorganizati
onal
shif
tneededt oembr aceadat a-drivenenterpri
se.

Theri
sksofdoi ngnothingandnotmaki ngadi gi
tal
tr
ansformati
on,howev er,
maybeev engr eater,gi
v enthe
accel
erati
onautomationcanpr ovi
de.Thei ncreasingdigit
izati
on
ofoperati
ons,busi
nesst r
ansacti
onsandcust omeri nt
eractions
di
ctat
et hatr
etail
ersi
mpl ementII
oTinfrastructuresto:

Addr
esse-
commer
cepr
essur
es
Ensur
ecust
omerser
vicel
evel
agr
eement
s(SLAs)ar
emet
Shor
tenor
dercy
clet
imesanddel
i
ver
ywi
ndows.
Inawor l
dwher er eliable,consistentupt i
mei sadifferenti
ator,
skil
ledserv i
cet echni ci
ansf oraut omat i
on,devi
cesandsy st
ems
arev i
taltoanoper ation’ssuccess.Butasagener ationofser v
ice
veteransnear sr et
irement , t
herear ef ewquali
fi
edt echnicians
poisedt oreplacet hem.Thi strendi screati
ngasi gnifi
cant
knowl edgeandser vicegapt hatpr esentsalong-
ter mt hr
eatto
manyoper ati
ons.DCoper ator
sar enowi naracet oimpr ove
trai
ningpr ocesses, recruitnewcandi datesandgett hem upt o
speedoni ncreasingl yi
ntegr at
edaut omatedsystems.

Figure2:Newtechnologi
escangiveservi
ceteamsremoteeyesi
n
thefiel
d,al
lowi
ngdiagnosesofproblemsthatst
affmaynothave
theknowledgeorexperti
setoaddress.Cour
tesy
:Honeywel
l
I
nt el
l
igrat
ed

Howt
omakeanef
fect
ivedi
git
alt
ransf
ormat
ion
Themostcommonbarri
erst
osuccessf
ulI
IoTadopt
ioncanbe
tr
acedt
othreepr
imar
ycauses:

Lackofunder
standi
ngofthet
echnol
ogyl
andscapeandi
ts
eff
ect
sony ourbusi
ness
Lackofadequat
etal
entt
oef
fect
ivel
yimpl
ementanduset
he
technol
ogy
Lackofacl
earbusi
nesscaset
ojust
if
ythei
nvest
ment
.
Thr
eest
epst
osucceedi
ndi
git
alt
ransf
ormat
ion
1.Cr
eat
east
rongbusi
nesscasef
ordi
git
alt
ransf
ormat
ion.

II
oTadopt ionleader
swere75%mor elikel
ythanII
oTlaggardsto
ci
tethepr eparati
onofastr
ongbusinesscaseorclearl
y
arti
culat
edv isi
onforval
uecreat
ionaskeyfactor
sintheirI
IoT
programs’ success.

2.St
artsmal
landcl
ear
lydef
inet
hescopef
ordi
git
al
tr
ansf
ormati
on.

Di
git
alt
ransf
ormat
ioni
sani
ter
ati
vepr
ocess.
Chooseakeyar
eaofoperati
ons(aboutwhi
chmanyst
akehol
der
s
car
e)andest
abl
isht
ime-boundparameter
s.
Creat
eanacti
onablebusi
nesspl
anwi
thgoal
sforachi
evi
nga
speci
fi
cfi
nanci
aloutcome.
3.Bui
l
dacompet
entandcapabl
eII
oTi
nnov
ati
ont
eam f
ordi
git
al
t
ransf
ormat
ion.

Vi
sionar
y:Est
abl
i
shest
hev
isi
onandpr
ovi
descl
eardi
rect
ion
Moti
vat
or:Engagest
het
eam wi
thacommongoal
andcoaches
ot
hersal
ongtheway
Execut
or:Bringst
henecessaryresour
cesandcapabi
l
iti
est
odr
ive
changethroughyouror
ganizati
on.
Thet
ruecostoff
aci
l
itydownt
ime
Upto80%ofbusinessesareunabletoaccurat
elyest
imatethei
r
downti
merates.Manyunderesti
matedownt i
mecostsby200t o
300%.Thef
ollowi
ngfactor
sar eoft
enignoredwhencalcul
ati
ng
downti
me:

Lostpr
oduct
ion
Recov
erycost
s
Wast
edl
abor
/pr
oduct
ivi
ty
Mi
ssedcust
omerSLAs
Depl
etedi
nvent
ori
es
Mechani
cal
equi
pment
/sy
stem st
ress
Di
srupt
iont
oinnov
ati
on
Lossofbr
andl
oyal
ty/
cust
omert
rust
.
Useexi
sti
ngcont
rol
syst
em dat
a
Leadi
ngret
ail
ersarebegi
nni
ngtot
estt
heII
oTwatersvi
apil
ot
progr
ams.Forthosewhoarenewt
ousingt
hei
rdata,agood
pl
acetost
arti
stappi
ngint
othevastamount
sofav
ail
abl
edat
a
fr
om t
hei
rmachinecont
rolsy
stems.

It
’sesti
mat edt her
earehundr edsoft housandsofdat apointsthat
canbeaccessedf rom acont rol system, butthi
sdat ai
sof ten
underut
ili
zed.Someoper atorspul ldat afrom programmabl elogic
contr
oll
ers( PLCs)periodicall
yt hroughoutadayorshi ft
.Howev er
,
PLCsar eonlycapableofst oringl i
mi tedamount sofdata,which
meanst hisinformati
onal onei st r
ansi entandof f
ersnot r
ending
i
nformationori nsi
ghtsforpr edictivemai ntenance.Abouta
quart
eroft heext r
act
eddat ahasv alue.

Toext ractvaluefrom cont rolsystem data,operator

sneed
softwar eandanaly t
icst oolstomakesenseofi t
.Bycont inually
aggr egati
ngandi nterpretingthisdata,thesetoolsfil
teroutthe
noiset odeli
verhistoricaltrendsandact ionabl
ei nsi
ghtst hat
providet r
emendousoper ati
onal v
alue.Analysisofconv eyorr un
statusescanhel pDCoper atorsevaluat
eKPI ssuchasr eadr ates,
throughput ,
flowbalancet hroughmer gesandconv eyorjams.

Armedwiththi
sdata,
operat
orscanaddr
essav
ari
etyofi
ssues
thati
mpactperf
ormancesuchas:

Resol
vi
ngconv
eyorf
aul
tst
hatcr
eat
erepet
it
ivej
ams
Uncoveri
ngscannert
imingandr
eadratei
ssuestopr
event
unnecessar
yreci
rcul
ati
onandmanualhandl
ing
Aut
omaticall
yloggi
ngt
hedurati
onofdownti
mei
npi
ckst
ati
ons,
merges,
transfer
sandr
eci
rculat
ionl
oops.
Byconnect i
ngcont
rolsystem datatosoft
warewi t
halarm
managementcapabi l
i
ties,
operatorscanaccessreal-
ti
me
dashboardsandrecei
veemai l,t
extandmobi l
eappnot i
ficati
ons
whenkeyi ssuesi
mpactoper ati
ons.Thesetool
scanhel p
companiesf or
mali
zeissueescalati
onprocessesanduncov er
repet
it
iveissuest
hatcanbepr edict
ed–andev enprevented.

Expandi
nsi
ght
sforcondi
ti
onsy
stems,
equi
pmentmot
ors
Theaddi ti
onofcondi t
ionsensorsonequi pmentmot or
sand
gearboxesprov i
desev endeeperinsightsint
osy st
em
perf
ormance, incl
udingtheabi l
it
ytopr edi
ctequipmentand
syst
em f ai
lur
esbef oretheyoccur.Dataext r
actedfrom vibr
ati
on
andtemper aturesensors–combi nedwi t
hsmar tanaly
tics
soft
war e,machine-l
earningalgori
thmsandar t
if
ici
alint
elli
gence–
candetectandt rackdev i
ati
onsf r
om per f
ormancebasel i
nes.

Today ’
smachi ne-learningal gori
thmsar erefinedtosuchadegr ee
theyonlygener atealarmswhenpar amet ersexceeddef i
ned
temperatureandv ibrati
ont hresholds.Forexampl e,consi der
theseinsight
sgl eanedf rom asensoronasor tat
ionsy stem
gearbox.Trendingdat af r
om anal yt
icssof twareindicatesan
i
ncrement al,
steadyi ncr easeingear boxvibrati
on.Theal ar m
managementsy stem sendsanot i
ficati
ont hatcor r
ectiveactionis
neededbef orethenextschedul edpr eventivemai ntenance( PM)
i
nterval.Uponinspect i
on, t
echniciansper form aser iesof
maintenancet asksi ncluding:
Gr
easef
loat
ingspr
ocketandi
dlershaf
tbear
ings
I
nspectandadj
ustal
lti
mingbel
tpul
l
eys
Ensur
eal
i
gnmentandev
enl
ytor
quedcomponent
s.
Aft
erserv
ici
ngt hegearbox, theanaly
ticssoft
wareindi
catedthat
vi
brat
ionhadreturnedtonor mal l
evels.Ifmai
ntenanceteams
wait
eduntil
thenextPM i nterval
,ther
e’sahighprobabil
it
ythatthe
vi
brat
ioncouldhav eescalatedtoequipmentf ai
l
ure–shut t
ing
downtheconv eyorandcausi ngadomi noef
fectofperf
ormance
i
ssuesandmi ssedSLAs.

I
t’
simportantt
oreal
izethatthattheseinsi
ght
sareavai
l
abl
eon
anyequi
pmentusingmot or
s, gearboxesandcont
rol
l
erdat
a,such
aspri
ntandapply
,pall
eti
zersandr oboti
cs.
Figure3: Augment edreali
tysolut
ionsli
keHoneywell
Intell
i
gr ated’sTechSightall
owsoursuppor tteam t
oseeexactly
whaty ourmai ntenancecrewsar edeali
ngwi t
hinrealt
ime,
eli
mi natingbot hthecommuni cat
ionli
mitati
onsofastandard
telephonecal l
andt hesafetyconcernswithhandhelddev
ices.
Cour tesy: HoneywellInt
ell
igr
ated

I
ntegr
atepr
edi
cti
vecapabi
l
iti
esi
ntomai
ntenancepr
ocesses
Byconnect inganalyt
icsi
nsightst
oot herf ul
fi
ll
mentt echnol
ogi
es,
operatorscanaut omatethecreati
onofser vi
cetasksandmake
thetransit
iontoat r
uepredicti
vemai ntenancemodel .Doingso
requir
esintegrat
ingoneormor eofthesekeyenabl ing
technologi
eswi t
haconnect edDCi nfrastruct
ure:

Comput
eri
zedmai
ntenancemanagementsy
stem (
CMMS)
Voi
ce-
dir
ect
edmai
ntenanceandi
nspect
iont
echnol
ogy
Augment
edr
eal
i
ty(
AR)smar
tgl
assesf
orl
i
vet
roubl
eshoot
ing.
Forexample,
DCoperat
orscouldpotent
ial
lyaut
omatet
hef
ind-
and-
fixpr
ocessf
rom i
ssuedetect
iontoresol
uti
on:

Anal
yti
cssof
twar
edet
ect
swhenaKPIi
soutofr
ange.
Workor
derrequesti
str
igger
edt
oanon-
sit
emai
ntenance
t
echni
cian.
Techni
cianr
ecei
vesanal
ert
,theni
nit
iat
esav
oice-
gui
ded
i
nspecti
onworkf
low.
Smartgl
assesal
l
owt hetechni
ciant
oshareli
veaudi
o/v
ideoi
n
real
timewit
hori
ginal
equipmentmanufact
urer(
OEM)expert
s.
Techniciancompl et
esvoice-gui
dedwork,r
ecordst
hef
ixf
or
futur
eref er
ence,andautomat i
call
ygener
atesaCMMS
report
/issueresolut
ionstatus.
Pr
epar
ingf
oramor
econnect
edaut
omat
ionf
utur
e
Basedoncur rentmarkettrends,
t heabi l
i
tiestopr edictequipment
fai
l
ureandachi evevisi
bil
i
tyintooper ati
onswi ll
becomeev en
moreimpor t
antinthenex t3to5y ears.Mar ketgrowt h,pai
red
wit
hadecliningtechnici
anwor kforce,willdi
ct atetheneedf or
morepredict
iveautomat i
on.Asar esult,
enterpr i
seandDC
operat
orswillneedtheinsightst
oi mpl ementsmar t
erprocesses
andachiev
emor erel
iabl
eequi pmentoper ati
on.

Connectedinfr
astr
uctureshelprel
ievetheseoperati
onal burdens
whil
edeliver
ingthebusinessintel
l
igencetodr i
veconti
nuous
bot
tom lineimprovements,i
ncludi
ngwi thpredi
cti
vemai ntenance.
Thi
sappr oachisappli
cableinoperati
onsoldandnew, larget o
small
,andev er
ythi
nginbet ween.

8.PREDI
CTI
VEMAI
NTENANCE:TAKI
NGOPERATI
ONSTOTHE
NEXTLEVEL
ByWi
l
lLeonar
d,ABB|
Chemicalcompaniescandr
ivepeakper
formanceandext
endthe
l
if
ecycleofthei
rasset
sbymakingthestep-
changefr
om t
ime-
basedtocondit
ion-
basedpr
edict
ivemai
ntenance
Exposedt of l
uct uat i
onsingl obal commodi tiesmar kets, and
ty
picallycharact erizedbyhi ghv olumesandl owmar gins, t
he
downst ream pet roleum refi
ningandchemi cal pr
ocessi ng
i
ndust ri
es( CPI)ar eeschewi ngt radit
ional“failandfix”
mai nt
enancepr ocedur esinf avorofnewpr edi ct
ivedigital
soluti
onst hatmai ntaint
heav ai
labili
tyofcriticalequipment ,
optimizepr oduct i
onandr educeoper at
ional expenditure( OPEX)
.

Thisstepchangehasbeenaccel eratedbytherecentCOVI D-
19
healt
hcr i
sis.Maj ormai ntenancepr oj
ect
swi t
hl ongtur
naround
ti
mesr equirelargenumber sofper sonneltogatheri
nonear ea,
whichisstillnotv iewedassaf einmanycount r
ieswhere
chemicalpr ocessingt akesplace.Inaddit
ion,economicpressur
es
haveerodedmar gi nsstil
lfurt
her,meaningcompani esareunder
pressuretomai nt ainplantoutput.

Againstthi
sbackdrop,employ
ingthelatestcondi
ti
on-moni
tor
ing
andasset -
per
formancemanagementt echniquesthr
oughoutt
he
enti
reassetli
fecycl
e—dr iv
enbyeffecti
vedataacquisi
ti
onand
anal
y si
s—hasnev erbeenmoreimportant(Fi
gure1).
FIGURE1.Taki ngadvantageofadv ancesinII
oTtechnol
ogies,
i
ncludingpredict
iveanal
y t
ics,
remot emonitor
ingandart
if
icial
i
ntell
i
gence, cangiveusersanedgei ntermsofavoidi
ngfail
ure
andopt i
mizingequipmentoper at
ion

Ent er
pr i
seswi thacoher entmaintenanceandasset -i
ntegri
ty
strategy, under pinnedbyIndustry4.0innov at
ionslikearti
fi
cial
i
nt ell
igence, thei ndustr
iali
nter
netoft hings(II
oT)andmachi ne
l
ear ning,notonl yenjoyacommer ci
al advantage;theycanal so
demonst rater egulatorycompli
ance, andr educether i
skofa
maj orinci dentt hatmayendangerper sonnelandunder mine
stakehol derandpubl icconfi
dence.

THEJOURNEYFROM REACTI
VETOPREDI
CTI
VEMAI
NTENANCE
Byr
epl
aci
ngi
nef
fi
cientt
ime-
basedmai
ntenancepr
ocesseswi
th
conditi
on-
basedmoni t
ori
ng—andul ti
mat elypr
edict
ive
maintenance,whereoperatorsnotonlyunder st
andthecondi t
ion
ofcoreequipment,butareabl etopredict,
forexample,the
numberofhour sofrunningtimeav ail
able,howclosetot he
i
ntegrit
yoperati
ngwi ndowst heyareandt heprobabil
i
tyand
severi
tyoffai
lureoverdif
ferentfaul
tmechani sms—compani es
acrosstheCPIcanr educether i
skofcost l
ydownt i
meand
unplannedshutdowns.

Int hepast ,
compani est endedt ofocusonlargemachi neryt hat
wasdeemedcr it
icaltooper ati
ons,andwheref ail
urecouldhav e
signif
icantcostimplications.Now, bydeployi
ngaccur atewi rel
ess
technologies,sensors,high-speedcommuni cations,power f
ul
comput ingsoluti
ons, i
ncludingcloudandedge, machinelear ni
ng
andadv ancedanal yti
cs, wecanappl ythosesameappr oachest o
av astrangeofequi pment—smal l
, medi
um orl ar
ger otati
ng
machi nesandmot ors,forinstance—meani ngt hatthecust omer
candef ineexactlywhatt omai ntai
nandwhent omai ntainit
.

Consi der,forexampl e,amedi um-siz

edpet r
oleum r efineryt hat
hasar ound3, 000rot ati
ngmachi nesdrivi
ngall sor t
sofpl ant
equipment .Atpresent ,manysuchr efi
neri
esempl oyt ime- based
maint enancepr ocessest hattypi
call
yinvol
vet eamsof
subcont ractorsorempl oy eesgoingaroundthepl antusi ng
vi
brat i
onpr obesandot herhandheldsensorst ounder standt he
conditionofmachi nery.Theythengoaway ,collectt hedat a,
prepar eresult
sandpr ovidetheinfor
mat i
onbackt ot hepl ant’s
maint enanceandpr oduct i
onteams.Thisprocessoccupi es
preciousr esourcesandy etprovi
desthecondi tionoft hatpi eceof
equi
pmentonl
yint
hemomentt
hati
twasbei
ngmeasur
ed.

Carryi
ngoutt histypeofbasi cmai ntenanceonr otat
ing
productionequipmentcancostupwar dsof$500,000py ear
.
ResearchbyARCAdv isor
yGroupr evealsthatpreventati
ve
mai nt
enancei sonlyappr opri
at ef
orappr oxi
mately18%of
equipmenti napl ant.Mostequi pment( 82%)showsar andom
fai
lurepatternnotdet erminedbyt i
me.I naddit
ion,conduct i
ng
preventati
vemai ntenanceont heother82%ofassett ypescan
i
ntroducef ai
luresint hemselves.

Ideall
y,plantscani mplementaut omat i
conl inecondition-
moni t
oringofav ar i
etyofelectri
cal,
rotatingandst aticequipment
acrosspl ants,i
ncludingel ect
ricmot ors,usingwi r
elesssensorsto
detectmachi nevibrati
onandt emper at
ureanomal i
est hatcoul
d
l
eadt oequi pmentf ai
lure.Withtoday ’
sadv ancedsol utions,
user
s
arenotl i
mi t
edt or eceivi
ngdat afrom aspeci f
icpoi
nti nthe
productionpr ocess; i
nstead,theycanmakemor einformed
mai nt
enancedeci sionsbasedoncont i
nuousonl inedat a.

Theset y
pesofsy stemscanof teneasi
lybeinstall
edonexist
ing
i
nfrastr
uctur
eswi thoutextrashutdowns.Addi t
ional
ly
,the
engineeri
ng,pl
anning,mat eri
alsandinstal
lat
ioncostsare
ty
picall
ylessthant r
adit
ionalwiredsoluti
ons.

Bel
owar eafewhel
pful
questi
onst
hatpl
antengineer
sneedto
askthemsel
veswhenconsi
deri
ngt
hei
rmaintenancestr
ategi
es:
DoIknowt
hecondi
ti
onofmypl
antasset
s?
DoIhav
esuf
fi
cientcapabi
l
ityt
odet
ectpot
ent
ial
fai
l
ure?
WouldIbeablet
oactonfaulti
ndi
cat
orsqui
ckl
yenought
o
pr
eventequi
pmentf
rom f
ail
ing?
I
IOTCHEMI
CAL

PREDI
CTIVEMAI
NTENANCE:
TAKI
NGOPERATI
ONSTOTHE
NEXTLEVEL
ByWi
l
lLeonar
d,ABB|
August11,
2020

Pr
intModeOFF

Pages:
1
2
3
Thereisnodoubtt hatsensorinfrastructureorthedepl oymentof
apredicti
veanalyt
icssystem requirescapi t
alexpenditure,butthe
al
ternati
ve( r
etr
oacti
vel
ydealingwi tht heramifi
cationsoff ai
lur
es
anddownt ime)canbepr ohi
bitivel
yexpensi ve,andi mportantl
y,if
compani eschangemai nt
enancepr acticesfr
om time-basedt o
condit
ion-based,t
hereturnoni nvestmentcanof t
enbel essthan
12mont hs.
ACO
MPETI
TIVEEDGE
Turningdigi
talpotenti
ali
ntodigit
alr
eali
tyandext
racti
ngthe
maxi mum benefitfr
om predi
ctiv
emai nt
enancemeansgiving
businessestherightinf
ormati
onatther i
ghtti
me,atopti
mum
quali
ty.

Usingmul t
ipl
ecommunicati
onpr otocolsandsof t
waretypesto
extractdat
aisslowandinef
fi
cient,andnor malplanthi
stori
ans
typical
lydonotprov
idet
hedatagr anulari
tyoperator
sneedf or
effecti
veanal
ysi
s.

Ideally
, apr edicti
vemai ntenancepl at
form wil
l beablet oimpr ove
ov eral
loper ationsbycol l
ectingdat afrom fi
elddevices,gat eways
andpr ogr ammabl elogiccont r
oller
s( PLCs)inoper at
ional
technol ogy( OT)sy st
ems( Fi
gur e2).Itcanthenconv ertthe
var i
ousf i
eldpr otocols,suchasOPC, ModbusandPr ofibus, i
nto
onecommoncommuni cati
onl anguageandser v
et he
standar dizedout puttoeithertheuser ’soraser vi
cepr ovider’
s
cloudi nfrastructure,
whi l
esimul taneouslyguaranteeingno
accesst othef iel
dnet worktokeepcr it
ical
OTsy st
emssecur e.
FIGURE2.Tomaxi
mizeval
ue,
apredict
ive-
mai
ntenanceplat
for
m
shoul
dprovi
deandcont
ext
ual
izedat
afrom myr
iadsources

Anotherbenefi
tinmodernpredicti
ve-
maintenancesoluti
onsisthe
abil
i
tytoli
vestr
eam context
uali
zeddat a,
suchaspr ocess
perf
ormanceinformati
ononpumpr eli
abil
it
y ,
forexample,
seamlessl
yfrom thecontr
olsystem orequipmenttothecloud.

Analyt
icscapabil
i
tiescanthentur
nthi
scrit
ical
informationinto
acti
onableinsi
ghtswithhi
ghlycust
omizabl
ev i
suals,accessibl
e
fr
om any whereonanydevice.

STEPCHANGE
Arobustappr
oachtomaintai
ningchemicalpr
ocessingequi
pment
t
akestheform ofsi
xdi
sti
nctsteps,
detail
edinthefoll
owi
ng
secti
ons.I
tisi
mport
antt
onotethateachpl
anthasdi
ff
erent
requi
rements,
andmayal
readyhaveachi
evedthef
ir
stthr
eesteps,
forexampl
e.

1.Ev aluatewhaty ouhav e.Thejourneybegi nswithgai ning

visibili
tyofoper ationsandpl antasset s.Ty pi
call
y,acompany
needst ounder standt hecurr
entperf ormanceoft heirasset s,
whi chmayent ailtaki ngdatathatalreadyexi stsatthepl antlev
el
andv isual izi
ngi tusi nganI I
oTplatfor m and/oradistributed
cont rol sy stem (DCS) .Anoperatorcanmar rythi
sdat awi th
i
nf ormat iont echnol ogy( I
T)andmai ntenance- management
sy stem l ev eldataf orabet tervi
ewofmai nt
enancehist ori
es
pai r
edwi thplantper formance.Inthissituat i
on,t
hekeyi soften
capt uringdat at hathasbeenpr evi
ousl yl ostandintegratingiti
nto
theI Tdomai nsaf elyandsecur el
y.

2.Identifyi
nggaps.St eptwoi nvolvesunder standingi nf
ormat i
on
gapsandr emedi atingthem byconv erti
ngt r
aditionalmot ors,
pumpsandmount edbear i
ngsi nt
osmar t,
wi r
elesslyconnect ed
devicesusi ngsmar tsensorst hatcant ypi
callydeploy edin
minut es.Thesemeasur ecriti
cal parametersf rom thesur f
aceof
theequi pment ,whi chcanbeusedt ogainmeani ngfulinf
ormat i
on
ont hecondi t
ionandper formanceoft hemachi ne,enabli
nguser s
toident i
fypotential f
ault
swi thintheirsystem, andr educerisks
rel
at edtooper ati
onandmai ntenance.

3.Beginthet
ransi
ti
on.Stagethreewoul
dimpl
ementan
advancedsof
twareorI
IoTsolut
iontohel
puser
sbegi
nthe
transi
ti
ont opredict
iv emaintenancebygat heri
ngandpresent
ing
real-
ti
mepl antcondit i
ondataf r
om disparatesyst
emsinone
dashboar d,
andr unningt hedatat hr
oughequipmentspecif
ic
assetmoni tor
smaki ngiteasierforpersonnelt
oanal
yzeitand
makei nformeddeci sions.

4.Adv ancingt hepr edi cti

vemodel .St epf ourisaboutusi ngmor e
advancedpr edictiveal gori
thmsandcombi ninga
heur i
st i
c/phy sical model l
ingmodel withadat asci ence- based
appr oach—t obet terunder standt heheal thofequi pmentandi ts
performancechar act eri
sti
csandadaptt hemai nt
enancest rategy
accor dingly.Consequent ly,thisst epshoul dempl oymachi ne
l
ear ningandmodel -basedanal yticst ocompar eact ual equi pment
performanceagai nstexpect edper f
ormanceatdi fferent‘ good’
oper atingpoi nts.Di agnost icsthr oughpr edictiveanalyt i
cscanbe
usedt odet ectpr oblemsear l
yandexpr essdat apr imar i
lyint he
fail
uremodeandef fectsanal ysis( FMEA)f or
matf amiliart oall
reli
abilityengi neers, enablingt hem t oactbef oref aultsorf ail
ure
occur s.Anonl inesy st em shoul dconst antl
ycheckt hecur rent
plantst ate.Usi ngt rendingandf orecast i
ngal gori
thms, thesy stem
cant heni nfor mt heuserwhent hemachi neheal t
hi slikelyt o
deter i
or at
ef urther,pot enti
al l
yt of ail
ure.
Pages:
1
2
3
5.Ent
erpr
isepl
anni
ng.Thepenult
imatestepi
stousethis
rel
i
abi
li
tyinf
ormati
onandst
ati
sti
cstoplanandexpandacrosst
he
enterprise,li
nkingoptimi zedst rategiestoot herwor kf
orce
managementsy st
emsorov erallent erpr
isemanagement
soluti
onsi nordertoprov idet herightsol utiont oopt imized
mai nt
enancef oreachgr oupofasset sort hehol isti
csy stem ISO
55000i sacommoni nternat i
onal asset -
managementsy stem t
hat
i
sst andar dacr ossmult i
pl eindustries.From her e,thegoal f
or
mai nt
enancest rat
egiesi st oprogr esst oapr escr i
ptiv
e
mai nt
enancer egime,wher eadv ancedanal yt
icswi llnotonl ydi
rect
mai nt
enanceoper ati
ons, butactont heinformat ion; f
orexampl e,
byr ai
singwor ksordersf orat echni cianandor der i
ngpar ts
requiredf ortheoperation, andinf ormi ngr el
ev antbusi nessuser s
ofthei nformat i
onthati sappr opriatet ot heirrole

6.Establ
ishanov erarchingcult
ureofrel
iabil
it
y.Thef i
nalstep
i
nvolvesadj ustingoper ationsandestabl
ishingareliabi
li
tycult
ure
whereev erybodyr ecognizesthei
rpersonalresponsibil
i
ty,j
ustas
theimpor t
anceofsaf etyiswidel
yrecognized.Compani esmust
notneglectt her ol
eofpeopl eandprocess,nomat terhow
advancedt het echnol ogydeployed.♦
9.WHATI
SSTROBELI
GHTUSEDFOR
LUDECA

Theuseofast r
obelightorst
roboscopeisanot hert
ooli
nthe
toolboxoftheanaly
stinthefiel
dofReliabi
li
ty.Thist
oolcanbe
usedf oravari
etyofpurposesincl
udingcheckingorveri
fyi
ngt
he
rotati
onalspeedofacomponenti ftheshaftorcoupli
ngis
accessibl
e.

Theusercani nspecti
twi t
houtstoppingorshutt
ingdownt he
equi pment.Ifthemodel ofstroboscopetheuserhasi scapable
ofbei ngtri
ggeredfrom anexternalsourcef
orthef l
ashratethe
usercanmov et hefl
ashingstrobearoundthemachi ne’
smov ing
partst oseewhi choneappear stostopwhichcani ndi
catethat
thisisthesour cefort
het r
iggeri
ngandt her
efor
et hesourceof
vibrati
on.
Moststroboscopeshaveanoutputthatcansendasi gnalt
oa
vi
brati
oninstr
umenttobeusedasat achometerinputtot
he
i
nstrument.Dynamicbalanci
ngcanbeper f
ormedusinga
st
roboscopeinsteadofalaser
,opt
icalorinfr
aredtachometer
.

Akeysaf et
yconsi derat
ionisthatonemustrememberwhen
uti
li
zi
ngast roboscopet hatrot
atingst
ruct
ures(suchasshaft
sor
coupli
ngs)onlyappeart obef r
ozenorstoppedwhent he
str
oboscopef lashrateissynchroni
zedtothesamef r
equencyas
theshaft
’srotational
speed.

Peopl ewhoarenotf ami l

iarwi t
hst roboscopeshav er eachedout
totouchwhatappear stobeast oppedshaf tandbecome
seriousl
yinj
ured.Whenusi ngast roboscopeandt hemachi ne
hasnotbeenst ar
tedtheusercanuseamar kerandpl acea
horizont
almar kononesi deoft heshaf tandav er
ti
cal markon
theoppositesidesowhent hemachi neisrunningandy ouadjust
theinter
naloscill
atorinthest roboscopet omat cht her ot
ating
shaf t
’sf
requencyy ouwi l
leitherseeav erti
calorahor izontalmar
k;
i
fy ouseeapl ussignt henthef lashf requencyiseitherhalfor
doubl et
heshaf tf
requency .

Forasampleonhowast r
obeli
ghtisappli
edforSynchr onous
Peaksvs.Non-
Synchr
onousPeaks,watchthi
svideofrom our
part
ner
,KarlHof
fowerwit
hFai
lurePrevent
ionAssociates,LLC
10.BELLPUTSAIBASEDPREDICTIVEMAI
NTENANCEI
NTO
TOMORROW' SAI
RCRAFTFIELDS-
IBM
HUMANRESOURCESRECRUI
ERSPUTBLOCKCHAI
NTOWORK
ByYut
aTsuge

Japan’shumanresources(
HR)indust
ryisunder goi
nga
tr
ansformati
on.Li
feti
meempl oy
mentisnol ongerguarant
eed.
Promotionbysenior
it
yhasstart
edtocollapse.Andthejob
marketisbecomingevermoreborder
less.That’swhyJapanese
fi
rmsar eexpl
ori
ngnewwor kstyl
escl
osert oglobalones.

Inparti
cular,manyempl oyersnowal lowemploy
eest oworkside
j
obs, whichbringsani nfl
uxoffreel
ancersandcont r
actorsinto
themar ket.Asthesepeopl eseeknewj obs,HRprofessionals
general
lywor kinisolati
onusingtediousmanualmet hodst o
screenwor khistori
es,skil
ls,
achiev
ement sandreferences.

Coul
dbl
ockchai
nresol
vet
hechal
l
enge?
AtPer solCar eerCo.,
weknewt herehadt obeabet t
erwayt o
veri
fythatcr edenti
alswerecurr
ent,accurateandnotal t
eredjust
tolandaj ob.Abet terwaytostorepersonal i
nfor
mat i
oninIT
systems, yetkeepitprotect
edfrom hackersandf raudul
ent
changes.Abet terwayforworkerstoupdat ethei
rrésumésand
securelyshar ethem amongpreferr
edr ecrui
tersandempl oyers.

I
nter
est
edi
nsol
uti
onsf
ort
alentmanagement
?

Wehypot
hesizedthatablockchainnetwor
kcoul
dprovi
det he
f
rameworktoresol
vetheseissues.Butweneededassi
stancein
t
esti
ngourassumptionsanddev elopi
ngasol
uti
on.

Wet urnedtoIBM Garage,whichhostedanEnt er

pr i
seDesign
Thinki
ngwor kshopstaff
edbyI BM expertsknowledgeableinthe
I
BM BlockchainPlatf
orm, t
heopensour ceHy per
ledgerFabric
from t
heLinuxFoundat i
onandsuccessf ulgl
obal usecases.Our
team i
ncludedITpersonnelandbusinesspeoplerepresenti
ngt he
HRusercommuni ty
.

Real
benef
it
stoHRst
akehol
der
s
Usi
ngdesi gnthi
nking,t
heGar ageteam didn’tt
akelongtodev el
op
aminimum v i
ableproduct( MVP)wi tht
remendouspot enti
al.Sti
ll
i
npr ot
otypeform, t
hesolut i
oncreatesaper missi
onedblockchain
net
wor ki
deal f
orstori
ng,v eri
fyi
ngandshar ingemployeewor k
hi
storyamongaconsor t
ium ofempl oyers,HRf i
rmsand
employeeorganizati
ons.Itofferssi
gnif
icantbenefi
tsto
stakehol
dersi
ntheempl
oymentmar
ketandev
ent
otheJapanese
socialf
abri
c.

Dur i
ngtheGar agewor kshop,itwasgr eatt obeabletoask
Hy perl
edgerexper t
sifourassumpt ionswer eri
ghtandtohav e
them confirmed.TheI BM team alsogav eusmanynewi deasand
demonst ratedhowbl ockchaincanst reaml i
neHRpr ocesses.A
keyenableri sblockchain’
sdistri
butedl edger,
atamperr esi
stant
andsecur it
yr i
chenv i
ronmentf orsharingwor khist
ory
i
nfor mati
onsocr i
ti
caltojobseeker sandempl oyer
s.

St
reaml
i
ningempl
oymentpr
ocesses
Onceper sonal informationisstoredintheblockchain,j
obseekers
canmakei tav ail
ablebyshar i
ngadi gi
talkey,andHRper sonnel
cansear chthenet workforqualif
iedcandidates.Thi
swi l
lmakei t
easiertoscr eenappl i
cantsandpl acethem inpositi
onsmat ched
totheirqualifi
cationsandi nt
erests.Andwor kerswil
l beabl
et o
chooset heircareerpat hsmor eautonomousl y.

Biggerpict
ur e,webeli
evet hatbyappl y
ingbl ockchai
ntotheHR
mar ket
,wecanhel ppeoplemaxi mizet heirstr
engthsandful
fi
ll
thei
rpotential.
Tohelpournet workgr owt ocr i
ti
calmass,weat
Persolareinv i
ti
ngHRandempl oy
eeor gani zati
onstojoi
nthe
consorti
um.HRbl ockchainisashar ablepl at
form.Weencourage
newpar ti
cipantstocapital
izeont heshar ableparttoi
ntr
oduce
newst yl
esofwor kandhelpcr eat
eabet terwayt omanageHR.
Wat
chYutaTsuget
alkaboutt
hepot
ent
ial
ofbl
ockchai
ninHR
r
ecr
uit
ment:
WATCHVI DEO
ht
tps:
//www.ibm.
com/bl
ogs/
cli
ent
-voi
ces/
hr-
recr
uit
ers-
put
-
bl
ockchai
n-t
o-wor
k/#

FROM PHYSI
CALTODIGI
TAL:HOW THEPANDEMI
CIS
TRANSFORMINGEVENTSIBM
ByChr
isZal
oumi
sandKr
isl
awas

In-
personevent
sandcust omerinteracti
onshav ecomet oan
almostcompletestandsti
ll
asar esultoftheglobalpandemic.
Therearemanyuncer tai
nti
esaroundhowandwhent hesetypes
ofactiv
iti
eswil
lresumeaswemov ebey ondCOVI D-19.Whatis
cert
ain,i
sthatt
heseact i
vit
ieswil
lnotreturntonor mal—rat
her
newnor mswillemerge.

Overthecourseofthepandemic,
IBM hasbeenabl etotransform
andimprovethewayweengagewi t
hcustomers,part
ner sand
otherst
akeholder
susingourowncloudandAIt echnologies.For
IBM’sstr
ategy
,thesuccessoftheseef
for
tsher
aldsalong-t
erm
shi
fttowardnewformsofdigit
alengagementmovingfor
ward.

Adi
git
alev
entandengagementpl
atf
ormi
nunder50day
s
Justfor
ty-sevenday sbeforeIBM Thi nk,ourannual
flagshi
pevent
,
wedecidedt omakei tanall
-digit
alexperience,f
eat
uringawide
rangeofspeaker s,cl
ientint
erviews,andl abint
ensi
vesfor
devel
opersandexper tstodivedeeper .Andt omaketheevent
evenmor erelevanttothechallengeswe’ refaci
ngin2020,we
alsosubstanti
all
yrevampedi t
scont ent.

Whatst artedwi thmodestexpect at

ionsturnedintoa
breakt hroughsuccess—I BM ThinkDi gi
tal2020hadr oughl y
120,000ov erallregi
strat
ionsandov er180,000uniquev iewers.A
key, behind-the-scenespar tofit
ssuccesswast herobustdeliver
y
i
nf r
ast ructur
ei tranon.Bey ondt hesheerdel i
veryofv i
deo,we
alsosoughtanewl evelofengagementandi nt
eracti
vitybetween
partici
pant s.Andofcour se,securit
y—fortheev entplatfor
m and
registrati
ondat a—wasamust .

Thev
ersat
il
it
yandpowerofCl
oudandAI
Forourvideost reaming,weusedI BM Enter
pri
seVi deoSt
reami
ng
technol
ogy ,anof f
eri
ngf r
om IBM WatsonMedi a,andrani
tonthe
publi
cIBM Cl oud.Asar esult
,theeventeasi
lyaccommodat edt
he
surgeinattendeeswi thoutanylast
-minut
echangesort heneed
foraddit
ional,manuallyprovi
sionedcapacit
y.
Accessibi
li
tywasanot herkeyrequi
rementf orourdigi
talev ent
.
IBM Enter
priseVi deoStreamingprovidedautomaticcaptioningof
allvi
deocont enttomeetaccessi bi
li
tyguideli
nesandlanguages.
Captionswer ealsoindex edf
orsearchanddi scoverywit
hi na
video.

Anotherkeyst r
engthofthedeliv
erypr ocesswast heuseofan
IBM contentdeli
verynetwork(CDN)al ongsidethi
rdpartyCDNs.
Bycombi ningwithsoftwaredefi
nednet wor kswit
ching,the
system wasabl etorespondtoviewerf eedbackonbuf feri
ngby
automaticall
yanddy namical
lyscal
ingupasaudi encenumber s
i
ncreased.Thesy stem al
soenabledv iewerstocustomi zethei
r
agendasf r
om amenuofspeaker sandcl ientint
ervi
ewsf eatur
ed
onacust om eventmi cr
osit
ewebui ltusingIBM Wat sonMedi a
APIs.

Out
comesandbenef
it
sofI
BM Thi
nkDi
git
al2020
Aswi t
hregi
strati
onandv i
ewershipnumbers,
t hel
ev el
of
engagementfarout pacedexpectati
ons.Thefactthatpar
ti
cipants
engagedinanav erageof6.5sessions—andwat chedthemaj or
it
y
ofthem—atteststot hequali
tyofservi
ceandeaseofnav i
gation
betweensessions.

Evennow, t
hel i
brar
yofon-demandI BM Thi nkDi
gital2020
contentcont i
nuestoatt
ractnewv iewer s,furt
herextendingthe
l
ifeofev entprogrammingcontent.What ’
smor e,oursell
erscan
repurposet hi
scontentt
ocr eat
ecust omizedemai l
sand
playl
ist
s—t arget
edtospecifi
ccli
ent s—basedoncl i
ents’Think
i
nter
act
ions.

Let
’st
alk—di
git
izi
ngev
entnet
wor
king
Thef actthatwedi giti
zedthenetwor kingexper i
ence—usi ng
Wat sonMedi atool
sl i
kebuil
t-
inchat ,Q&A, Polli
ng,andPl ayerCal
l
-t
o-Actions—meantt hatat
tendeescoul dvi
gor ousl
yinteractnot
onlywithsubj ectmat t
erexpert
s, butalsowi thfell
owat t
endees.It
al
someantt hatsell
erswerealsoabl et odirectl
yengagewi th
cl
ients,allofitunfol
dingsimultaneousl yacrossmul ti
plev i
ewing
channels.

Ti
me-
test
edsol
uti
onf
orl
arge-
scal
econv
eni
ng
Wheni tcomest olarge-scalecrowdsour ci
ng,IBM’sInnov ati
on
Jam sol uti
onf ol
lowsanev ent-l
ikeapproacht oencour age
focused, robustpart
icipati
on, andputs“ conversati
on”att hehear
t
oftheuserexper i
ence.Inaddi ti
ontost arti
ngtheirownt hreadson
topicsf orexplor
ati
on, Jam par t
ici
pantscanj oinothert hreads,
divei ntoanyoftheemer gingorbesti deasidentifi
edbyJam
organi zer
s,orjoi
nar eal-ti
meChatf oradeepdi veexplorat i
on
withanSME.Qui ckpollstakendur i
ngt heJam canpr ov i
dey et
anot hermeanst ogat herinsight.

Toquickl
ydist
il
lev
entout comes,theJam soluti
onisbackedup
bypowerful
AIanalyt
icsincludi
ngWatsonNat uralLanguage
Underst
andi
ng(NLU)andI BM Research’
sProjectDebater,which
pr
ovidescomputat
ionalargumentati
onanalysistoconstructthe
st
rongestar
gumentfor(oragainst)astat
ementbasedont he
Jam cont
ent
.

TheI nnovat ionJam cont i

nuesasal eadi ng-edgesol utionfor
enterpri
se-wi decol l
aborationandco- creat i
ongi venitsabili
tyto
scaleandt heembeddedanal yt
icsusedbot hdur i
ngl i
veev ent
s
andpost -Jam.I t’
sat tr
actedov er100cl ients—namesl i
keMer ck,
BarclaysBank, PrudentialFinancial,
Bost onUni versity
, and
eBay —toexpl oretheirstrategy ,val
ues,mi ssionandpur pose.I
n
May2020, theEU/ NATOconduct editsf ift
hI nnovationJam t o
betterunder st andt heimplicationsofCOVI D-19andi tsimpacton
fut
ur epolicydev elopment .Addi ti
onally
, inani nternalJam, IBMers
exploredret urnt owor kst r
at egyandbehav iorsaswemov e
beyondt hepandemi c.

Therearesti
llmanyuncer taint
iesaroundwhatl ong-
ter
m eff
ects
thepandemicwillhaveonhowbusi nessesconveneandengage
thei
rcustomersandpar tners.Wi t
hourcloudandAIt echnol
ogies,
I
BM canhel pbusinessesrampupadi git
aleventinl
essthanfi
fty
days,cr
owd-sourceideasf rom thousands,oranythi
nginbetween.

TELCOSUSEBLOCKCHAI
NTOBRINGMOBI
LEAND
CONTACTLESSPAYMENTSTOBI
LLI
ONS
ByLi
ngWu|
Therearethreewor dsthatcutt otheheartofwhatmakedi git
al
paymentsy stemswor k:tr
ust ,consensusandconv enience.Tothe
aver
ageconsumer ,anywher einthewor l
d,convenienceresonates
most ,
handsdown.Butt het r
ut hi
s,intheephemer alworldof
di
gitalpay
ment s,noneofi tispossiblewithouttr
ust—a
consensusonunder l
yi
ngt ruths—toholditallt
ogether.

Trust,f
orexampl e,thatpar t
ieswilldowhatt hey’r
esupposedto
do.Andev enmor ef undament al
ly,
trustini
dent i
ty:t
hatpeopl
e
presenti
ngdigit
al paymentar ewhot heysayt heyare.Upunti
l
now, t
heinsti
tuti
onal credibi
lit
yoft hewor l
d’sbigbankshasbeen
oneoft heessentialbuildi
ngbl ocksoft r
ust.Buil
dingthatt
rust
hasrequiredthem toi nvestlotsofcapitali
nt hei
rsystems,
processesandr eputationalassets.

Asi
def
rom t
heunder
lyi
ngcost
,thet
roubl
ewi
tht
hisbank-
cent
ri
c
system i
st hatt
herearebi l
l
ionsofpeopleintheworldwhoare
“unbanked,”outsi
dethebanki ngsyst
em.Thus, t
heseunbanked
areoutofr eachofdigi
talpayments.Changingthegameindigi
tal
payment stoamor einclusiv
eschemer equir
esanewwayt o
createandconv eytr
ust.Thatsourcealr
eadyexists,
andisas
closeasy ourmobiledevice.

Anewpat
htomobi
l
epay
ment
s
WeatTBCASof t,whichst andsf orTelecom Bl ockchai nAlli
ance
Softwar e,beli
ev ethattel
cosr epresentanewwayt oembedt r
ust
i
nmobi lepay ment s—andi nthepr ocess,maket hem mor e
i
nclusi ve.Consider,forex ampl e,thattwo-factoraut henti
cation,
thest andardthatmostsecur ityprofessi
onal srecommend, usesa
textmessaget ohelpaut henticateacust omer ’sident i
tywhen
l
oggi ngon.Wi ththis,i
ntoday ’
ssecur i
tyhierarchy, t
elcoshav ea
hugeunr eal
izedoppor tunity.Webel i
evebl ockchain, becauseit’
s
scalableandsecur e,represent stheidealt echnologyf ortel
cost o
harvestKnowYourCust omer( KYC)pr of
ilest obringdi gi
tal
paymentser vicestobi l
li
onsofpeopl eser vedbyt elcosar oundt he
wor l
d.

Wef oundedTBCASof tandt heCarri

erBlockchainSt udyGr oup
(CBSG)Consor ti
um wi t
hJapanesemobi l
et el
ecom gi ant
SoftBankCorp.basedonapower ful
,tr
ansformat i
vev ision:t
o
createaglobalnetworkoft elcost
hatcollecti
velyusebl ockchain
toenablediff
erenti
atedgr owthservi
cessuchascr oss- network
mobi l
epayment sfortheirsubscri
bers.Today ,t
heCBSG
Consorti
um hasnear ly20car ri
ermember s,representingnearly
1.
3bil
li
onsubscriber
s.Thi
sideatookanotherbi
gleapfor
ward
whenwepartneredwithI
BM Servi
cestolever
agethei
rtel
ecom
i
ndustr
yexpert
iseandexperi
encetorecr
uitandonboardcar
ri
ers
ont
oTBCASof t
’sHIVEXNetwork,whichi
sacr oss-
net
work
paymentsy
stem.

I
nter
est
edi
not
hersol
uti
onst
ransf
ormi
ngt
het
elcoi
ndust
ry?

Wel
comet
othet
rustzone
HIVEXNet workisaki ndofmesht hatenabl esinteroper abi
li
tyfor
dif
ferentmobi lepay mentser vi
cest hatal l
currentlyoper ateonly
withi
nt heirsilos.HI VEXNet workmember scangr eatlyexpand
theuserandmer chantbasef orthei rpaymentser v i
ce,
accel
er atingthenet workeffecttoagl obalscale.Mobi le
subscr i
ber scanuseasmar tphoneappt omakepur chasesat
HIVEXNet workmer chants,
wi t
hthebi ll
sforthepur chases
convenient lychar gedbackt otheirphoneorsi milarbi l
ls.Through
theHI VEXNet wor k,mobilecarri
ersnowhav eanent réei nt
o
dif
fer
ent iatednewser vi
cesandr ev enuest r
eams.

Fortelcos—whoseav eragerevenueperuserhasst alledasdat

a
hasbecomeessent iall
yfree—thispresentsagame- changi
ng
opportunitytomonet i
zet hetr
usttheyhav ecomet oembody .One
keyelementt hatmakesi tallpossibl
eist heuseof
blockchain—specif
icall
yt hei
mmut abl
edi stribut
edledger
technologyatitscore—asasecur eandr eliableplat
f ormto
managet hattr
ustacrossal l
CBSGConsor tium membercar ri
ers.
Anot herisblockchai n’
sinher entopennessandf lexibi
li
ty.Thefact
thattheHI VEXpl atform canbedepl oy edacrossmul t
iplecloud
environmentsgi vescar rierst heint
er operabil
it
yt heyneedt oclear
payment swi theachot heracr osstheecosy stem, aswel lasthe
scalabil
it
yneededt ogrowi tasnewoper at
orsjoint heHI VEX
Networ k.Inaddi t
iont opr ovidingbusi nessmodel andt el
ecom
mar ketexpertise,IBM wasi nst r
ument alinhelpingusdel i
verour
solutiontomaxi mi zeitsf l
exibili
tyandscal abili
ty.

I
ncl
usi
vebanki
ngandcont
act
lesspay
ment
swi
thbl
ockchai
n
Iti
sn’toftenthatawhol ei ndustrysector
—namel y,thewor l
d’s
tel
cos—gett hechancet or eshapeasy stem asfundament aland
entrenchedaspay mentpr ocessing.Butwithourblockchain
soluti
onandt hepar tner
shi pwe’ veformedwi t
hIBM, that
’sexactly
wher etheindustryispoisedt oday .I
t’
snotjustthewor l
d’stelcos
thatstandtogai nfrom cross- net
wor kmobilepayment s,butalso
theirsubscri
bers,thesev enbi l
li
onpeopleorsoar oundt hewor ld
whohav emobi l
ephones.

Inthebigpi ctur
e,wealsoseeoursol utionasbei ngi
nsy nchwi t
h
big,importantshif
tsintheglobal payment slandscape.Thef i
rstis
therapidriseofcontactlesspayment s—di spl
acingcard-based
transacti
ons—whi chweseeasi nev i
tableoutgrowthofthe
changesi ncustomerbehav iori
nr esponset otheCOVI D-19crisis.
Theot her,evenmor efundament alshiftinthepay ments
paradigm isthatthetermsbankedorunbankedwon’ tmat t
er
any
mor e.I
t’
swi
ll
bewhet heryou’
re“
mobil
i
zed”ornon-
mobil
i
zed”—andthat
’saprett
ybigumbr
ell
a.

List
entolear
nmor eabouthowTBCASof
tisusi
ngbl
ockchai
n
technol
ogytotr
ansfor
m mobil
epayment
s.

ANYLINETEACHESSMARTPHONESTOREADWI
THDEEP
LEARNINGTECHNOLOGY
ByAndr
easGr
eil
huber

Thinkofworkplacesaroundthewor l
d,whetherthey’
republi
cor
pri
vate,i
ndoorsoroutdoors,wherepeoplestayinplaceormove
around.Onethingtheyallhaveincommoni s
charact
ers—specifi
cal
lythealphanumeri
ckind.Digit
izat
ioni
s
becominganev er-
presentpartofli
featwork,butfora
surpr
isi
ngl
ylargepartoft
heworkf
orce,manual
l
yviewi
ngand
recor
dingshortst
ri
ngsofanal
ogdataisacorepar
tofthei
r
every
daytasks.

Factoryworkersdoitfort
hepartstheyareassembl i
ng.Customs
workersdoi tf
ortravel
erI
Dcards.Transport
ationoffi
cial
sdoi t
forl
icenseplates.Andaut
oinsuranceadjuster
sdoi tforvehi
cle
i
dentifi
cati
onnumber s(VI
Ns).I
t’
sar outi
netaskt hat
’s
i
ncreasingl
yper f
ormedusingmobiledevicessuchascel lphones
ortablet
s.

Butbydoingthesetasksmanual ly
,humanerr
ors—most
commonl yi
ntranscri
ption—arerouti
nel
ymade.Evenifi
t’
sa
si
ngle,l
i
ttl
echaracter
,itcanleadtobigandpotent
ial
l
ycostl
y
probl
ems.

Teachi
ngsmar
tphonest
oread
Thef oundersofAny li
nerecognizedt hatsmartphones, f
oral
l t
heir
advances, sti
ll
lackedtheabi l
it
ytor eadcharactersinthephysical
,
analogf ormat—li
kepeopl ecando.Whatt heyenv i
sionedwasa
wayt ouser ecentadvancesi ndeep- l
earni
ngtechniquest ot
each
smar tphoneshowt oreadthechar acter
sputbef orethem.In
eff
ect ,Anyli
nesawhowsmar tphones—augment edbyAI
al
gor i
thms—canpr ovidear eal-
ti
mebr i
dgebetweent heanalog
anddi git
alwor l
ds.

I
naddi
ti
ont
othecor
eAIt
echnol
ogy
,ther
eal
tri
ckt
osuccesswas
designi
ngasol uti
ont hatmettheEur opeanUnion’sGeneral Data
Protect
ionRegulations(GDPR)r ul
esonconsumerdat aprot ect
ion
andpr i
vacy,speci
ficall
ythoseregardingthetr
ansferofper sonal
dataoutsidetheEU.I tmeant,quit
esimply ,
thatAIprocessing
couldn’
tbeexecut edi nthecl
oud.Ithadtohappenatt he“ edge”
ofthecloud—wi t
hint hesmartphone.

I
nter
est
edi
nlear
ningmor
eaboutdi
git
izat
ionsol
uti
ons?

Ouranswer ,bothinnovat
iveandeconomi cal,
wastobuil
da
plat
formt hatperf
ormsAIt rai
ninginthecloudwhi
lekeepi
ngthe
executionoftheAImodel scont ai
nedinthesmart
phone.It
’sabi
g
deal,andhere’showi tworks.

UsingtheIBM DeepLear ningasaSer vi

cer unni
ngonI BM Cl oud,
anelementoft heIBM Wat sonSt udioofferi
ng,ourdevelopersr un
thedatathroughasetofal gorithmsknownasneur al
net works.
Byexperi
ment ingwi t
hthewei ght sunderlyi
ngthesealgorit
hms,
theycanmaket heneuralnetwor ks—whi charemodeledaf terthe
humanbr ai
n—bet teratrecognizingpatterns.

Deepl
ear
ningmakessmar
tphonessmar
ter
Oncet heseopt i
mi zedneural
networksar edepl
oy edonthem,
smar t
phonesbecomel i
ghtni
ngfast,highl
yaccuratewaysof
capturi
ngchar actersequencesfrom theanalogvideostr
eams
theyrecord.Asamat terofstr
ategy
,wedesi gnoursoluti
onstobe
fl
exibl
e,sot hattheycaneasilybeadapt edtoanal mosti
nfi
nit
e
numberofi
ndust
ryusecases.

Amongournot ableusersisco. metGmbH, apr ov

iderofmet er
readi
ngserv
icestout i
li
ti
es,whi chisusingourmobileOptical
Charact
erRecogniti
on(OCR)sol uti
ontorecordmeterreadingsin
j
ustonestep.Inadditi
ontosav i
ngt i
mebyav oidi
ngthemanual
typi
ngofeachmet erreading,thesoluti
onpreventstr
ansmi ssi
on
andreadi
ngerrors,andstoringpr oofi
magesf orl
aterchecks.

Ourdecisi
ontor unthedeept r
aini
ngal gorit
hmsonIBM Cl
oudhas
alsohadimportantstrategicbenefi
ts,foremostamongthem i
s
theabil
it
ytorapidlyscaleourAIpr ocessingcapabi
l
ityaswegrow.
That’
snottoment i
ont hefactthatithasenabledustobri
ngnew
solut
ionstomar ketfarquickerthanbef ore.

Goingforward,we’realsolookingatpr ov
idingourcustomerswi
th
theabi
li
tyt ot
raintheirneuralnetworksthemselves,andwesee
theIBM CloudKuber netesService—andt hesupportfor
contai
neri
zati
oni tprovides—asani ntegr
al par
tofthatplan.

LearnmoreabouthowAny l
inei
susingAItocr
eat
eanew
generat
ionofOCRsolut
ionsbywatchi
ngthevi
deoint
erv
iewwi
th
AndreasGrei
lhuber
:

THEPROMISEOFAIANDACCELERATEDSCI
ENTI
FIC
DI
SCOVERY
ByDr
.Pay
elDas

Rapiddrugdi scov eryprocessesar ecrit

icalt
odealingwi
thnew
vi
raloutbreaksandepi demics, suchasCOVI D-19.Thetr
adit
ional
drugdiscov erypipeli
neiscost l
yandt i
mei nt
ensiv
e.Foranew
drugtoreacht hemar ket,i
tcant akeupt o10y earsandcostas
muchas$2. 6bill
ion.And,av astmaj ori
tyofdrugcandi
datesfai
l
atthetestingst age…meani ngv aluabl
et i
meandmoneyi slost
al
ongt heway .

Gener ativ
eAImodel shaveshownpr omi
seforspeedi
ngand
facil
itati
ngthedrugdi scoveryprocessbyautomati
ngmolecul
e
discov ery
.IBM Research’sScienceforSoci
alGoodhasbeen
explor i
ngthisappli
cationforthelasttwoyearsandhasr
ecent
ly
appliedittoCOVI D-19.
Thel
i
mit
ati
onsandpr
omi
seofusi
ngAIf
ordr
ugdi
scov
ery
Manychal lengesexistwithusinggenerat i
veAIf rameworksto
accel
eratet hedesignofnov eldrugcandidat es.Typi
call
y,t
hese
generati
vef ramewor ksarenoteffi
cientinhandl i
ngdesigntasks
wit
hmul t
iplediscoveryconstr
aintsandlearni ngfrom l
i
mi t
ed
l
abels,hav elimit
edexplorat
orycapabi l
i
ties,andr equi
reexpensi
ve
model ret
rainingtolearnbeyondl i
mitedtrainingdata.

Lear
nmor
eaboutI
BM sol
uti
onsf
orheal
thcar
e

Ther obustgenerativ
eAIf r
amewor ksdesignedbyourt eam,
howev er,canovercomet hesechal l
enges,andcanassi stinthe
creati
onofnov elpeptides,protei
ns,drugcandidates,and
mat eri
als.Wecombi neandl everagedeepl ear
ning,curri
culum
l
earning, gener
ati
vemodel ing,andnov elsampli
ngand
optimizationmethodst oenablecont r
oll
ablegenerati
onofnov el
arti
factswi t
hdesiredproperti
es.

Usingthi
sgenerati
veAIframewor k,forexample,we’ve
di
scoveredtwonov el
anti
mi cr
obialpept i
deswithhighbroad-
spectr
um potencyandselecti
vit
ywithahi ghersuccessrate(10%)
andfasterdevel
opmentrate(48day s),comparedtostate-of
-the-
artmethods(<1%and2-4y ears).

Road-
test
ingAIont
hecur
rentpandemi
c
Wehav eappl iedthisAIt echnologyagai nstt hreeCOVI D-19
targetstoi denti
fymor ethan3, 000newsmal lmolecul esas
potential COVID-19t herapeuticcandi dat es.IBM isreleasingt hese
mol eculesunderanopenl icense, andr esear cherscanst udythem
viaanewi nt
eracti
vemol ecularexplorert ooltounder standt hei
r
character i
sti
csandr elat
ionshipt oCOVI D- 19andi dentify
candidat esthatmi ghthav edesi rablepr oper ti
estobef urther
pursuedi ndr ugdev elopment .

Themol ecul
arexpl
orertoolenablesyoutosel
ectabiol
ogical
targetandf i
lt
ergenerat
edmol eculesbyimpor
tantchar
acteri
sti
cs,
viewr el
atedmoleculesandnear estmatchi
nPubChem, andsee
relat
ionshipsamongmol ecules.

And,givenrecentstudi
esinzoonot
icspil
l
overareshowingan
i
ncreasedlikel
ihoodofexperi
enci
ngnewout br
eaksofdi seases
thattr
ansferfrom ani
malstohumans,thi
sworkiscrit
icaltorapi
d
responseiftheseoccur.

Av
isi
onofaccel
erat
eddi
scov
ery
Ourv i
sionforthefut
ureofacceler
ateddiscoverybri
ngstogether
AIresearchersandpharmaceuti
calscient
iststorapi
dlycreat
e
next-
generati
ont her
apeut
ics,
aidedbynov elAI-
poweredtools.

Aspar
tofthi
svi
sion,
we’
veledt
helaunchoftheU.
S.COVI D-
19
Hi
ghPerf
ormanceComputi
ngConsort
ium,whichi
shar nessi
ng
massi
vecomputi
ngpoweri
ntheeff
orttohel
pconfrontthe
coronav irus.Further,t
of acil
it
atethemi ni
ngoft hevasttrovesof
medical r
esear chanddat athatcouldproviderelevanttoCOVI D-
19,wear eof feri
ngacl oud-basedAIr esearchresour cethathas
beent rainedonacor pusoft housandsofscient if
icpapers
containedi nt heCOVI D-19OpenResear chDat aset(CORD- 19),
preparedbyt heWhi teHouseandacoal it
ionofr esearchgroups,
andlicenseddat abases.Thi stoolusesouradv ancedAIand
al
lowsr esearcher stoposespeci fi
cquer i
estot hecol l
ecti
onsof
papersandt oextractcri
ticalCOVID-19knowl edgequi ckly.

BeyondCOVI
D-19:
Expandi
ngt
heappl
i
cat
ionofAIt
oot
hersoci
al
needs
BeyondI BM Resear ch’sr esponset oCOVI D-19, Sciencef orSoci
al
Goodi sexpl oringhowt oappl ythesesamet echnol ogiesacross
i
mmedi ate,soci al
needs.Ot herprojectsalreadycompl eted
i
nclude: usi
ngmachi nel earningt ohuntt heZi kaVi rus;
understandinghumani tariancr i
sesinr ealti
me; recogni zi
nghate
speech; apply i
ngAIt ocombatt heopi oidcrisis;outliningopti
mal
pathsoutofpov ert
y ;andi dentif
y i
ngwhatwor ksi ngl obal
devel
opment .Andt hiswor kisjustthebegi nni ng.

WHICHPUBLI
CCLOUD?HOW ACLOUDNATI
VEVoI
PSTARTUP
MADETHECHOICE
ByMar
cioA.PachecoandMar
cioConcei
ção|
Everycl
oud-nati
vestar
tupfacesacrit
icaldeci
sion:
whi chpubli
c
cl
oudt ochoose.Mycompanyf acedthischoicein2015whenwe
neededahost i
nganddev el
opmentplatformforPhoneTr ack,
our
VoIPappli
cati
onf ormeasuri
ng,anal
yzingandqualif
yingsales
l
eads.

Attheti
mewedi dn’
tfor
eseeit,
butwi
thsoci
aldi
stanci
ng,
PhoneTrack’
svoi
ceprocessi
ngandcall
for
wardi
ngcanhelp
companiesadaptt
onewway sofsell
i
ng.

Cost
-ef
fect
iveness,
per
for
manceandt
hepot
ent
ial
forgr
owt
h
Whatdidweseekf rom ouri
niti
al cl
oudprovi
der?Natur
all
y,cost
wasimportant,andwedi scoveredthatprovi
der
softenissue
subscr
ipt
iondiscountstostartups.Transpar
encywasv i
talsowe
coul
daccuratel
ypr edi
ctourcost s.

Lear
nmor
eaboutt
elecommuni
cat
ionsol
uti
ons
Thereweretechni
calconsider
ationsaswel
l.Coul
dthecl
oud
archi
tect
urepowerahi gh-
perf
ormanceVoIPappli
cati
onand
wouldourcustomerinformati
onbesecure?Wealsosought
accesstocloudser
vicessuchasAIandcont ai
neror
chest
rat
ion
thatwouldsuppor
tfuturegrowth.

Therel
ati
onshi
pwit
htheprovi
derwasanot hermajorf
act
or.
Couldwecountonali
veaccountexecut
iveforadv
iceand
suppor
t?

Theanswerstothesequesti
onledustoIaaSonthepubl
i
cIBM
Cloud,
which,
sincethei
niti
alcont
ract
,hasser
veduswell
.

Ar
esponsi
ve,
transpar
entr
elat
ionshi
p
Aswegr ew,however,
webecameamul t
icl
oudor gani
zat
ionby
worki
ngwi t
hAWSandt heGoogleCl
oudPlatfor
m.Thus,whenour
contr
actwithI
BM Cloudexpir
edin2019,wecouldmakean
i
nformeddecisi
onwhet hert
oreneworswitch.

I
twasi nst
ructi
vehowwel earnedaboutt
hechoi ce.I
BM sel l
ers
proacti
vel
yapproacheduswi tharenewaldiscountoffer.Their
responsi
venesscontrastedtothemoretransacti
onal,onli
ne
rel
ati
onshipswehadwi t
hAWSandGoogl e.

Di
ff
erent
iat
ionf
rom at
echni
cal
adv
ant
age
I
naddi
ti
ont
oresponsi
venessandcost
,wef
act
oredi
ntechni
cal
aspects.Assessi
ngt hedi
fferentplatf
orms’impactonVoIP
appli
cati
onper f
ormance,IBM Cl oudhasaclearedge.Thebenef
it
ari
sesf r
om theIPnet wor
kl ayer
, whi
chprovi
desusapubl i
cIP
address,whereasothersoluti
onsr equi
reaNATnet workto
convertthepubli
cIPt oaprivateIP.Thiscr
eatesprobl
emsforour
appli
cati
on.

We’vealsobeenabletocapi t
ali
zeonWat sonSpeecht oTextto
powerourvoiceanaly
tics.IBM Cloudiseasierandmor ecost-
eff
ecti
vetomanage, wef ound,anditsKuber net
esServicecan
fur
therourmovetowar dser v
erl
esscomput i
ng.Plus,
IBM data
center
sinBrazi
lkeepcl ouddatalocali
zed.

Addscalabil
i
t ytotheseadvant
agesandI BM Cloudi
stheclear
choi
ce.Ther elat
ionshi
pmeansal ottoay oungcompanylike
PhoneTrackbecausei thel
psdif
ferent
iat
eourVoI Pser
viceata
competi
tivepr i
ce.

HOW BLOCKCHAI
NCANTRANFORM ATEACHER'
SPENSI
ON
SYSTEM
ByPar
thapr
ati
mD
henteachersret
ir
e,theyexpectaccur
atepensi
onpay
outs.That’
s
al
sothegoal ofplanadminist
rat
ors,whohaveanobl
igat
ionto
ensurepensionsystem i
ntegr
it
y.

Sti
ll
,i
nadvert
enterrorscanoccur .Andifacy ber
cri
minalbreaks
i
ntothesystem orcor rupt
steacherinf
ormat i
onsuchast i
meof
serv
ice,
salaryordat eofbirt
h,thesyst
em wi l
lbecompromi sed.
That’
swhyweatt heBangl adeshComput erCouncil(
BCC)
engagedIBM todev elopablockchai
nsolutionforourpr
imar y
schoolt
eachers’e-pensionsystem.

Currentl
yapr oofofconcept( POC)power edbyt heI BM
BlockchainPlatf
ormf r
om I BM Cl
oud, t
hesol uti
onisa
permissionednetworkoft eachersandot herstakeholdersf
or
stori
ngandmanagi ngpensi oni
nformation.Itcapital
izeson
bl
ockchai n’
stranspar
ent,securit
y-r
ichandt amper proof
dist
ri
butedl
edgert
echnologytodefendagai
nstunaut
hori
zed
accessandveri
fyt
hatteacher
sreceivecor
rectdi
sbur
sements.

Lear
nmor
eaboutI
BM sol
uti
onsf
orgov
ernment

Apl
atf
ormf
ordi
git
alser
vices
Thepensi onsolut
ionexempl i
fiesBCC’ swor ktocreat
esharedIT
plat
formsf ordi
git
altransformat i
oningover nment.Anyagency
canuseourbl ockchainplatf
ormt osecur
ei nformati
onagainst
tampering,fr
audandot hermal ici
ousactivi
ties.Andpermissi
ons
andcryptographywithinblockchaincanboostt r
ustbyensuri
ng
thatnetworkmember sar ewhot heysaytheyar e.

Thepensi onsystem i
sourf i
rstbl ockchainusecase.I twas
proposedbydev eloperswi t
ht heBangl adeshNat i
onal Di
git
al
Architect
ure(BNDA)t eam, whi chhasdev el
opedane- Governance
fr
amewor ktostandardizedigitalser v
icedel i
veryforal
l
gov ernmententi
ti
esofBangl adesh.I ndi scussionwith
stakeholder
s,theteam setapr incipal:Tokeepal lcri
ti
cal
i
nf ormati
oninblockchai ntomaket hesy stem moretransparent,
tr
ust wort
hyandbenef icial
tot eacher s.

I
mmut
abl
eandt
ranspar
entr
ecor
ds
Thee-pensi
onsolut
ionteam i
ncludedBNDAdev el
opers,
an
educati
onexper
tandIBM blockchainengi
neers.Call
edtheDi
git
al
Servi
ceBook&e-PensionSystem, i
tpopul
atestheledgerwi
th
exi
sti
ngpensioni
nfor
mat
ion,
wherei
tbecomesi
mmut
abl
eand
tr
anspar
enttonet
workmembers.

Tocreat
ethePOC, t
heteam capi
tal
izedont heri
chint
egrat
ed
devel
opmentenvi
ronmenti
nt heI
BM Bl ockchai
nPlatf
orm,andit
wil
lal
sopowertheproduct
ionversi
on.Dev el
opmenttookjust
thr
eemonths.

Whent hesolutiongoesl i
v e,t
eacherswil
laccessthei
rprof
iles
andpensionr ecordsthrought heweboramobi l
eapp.The
dist
ri
butedledgerwi l
lli
nkt oot hergov
ernmentsystemsthrough
theNationale-servi
cebus, asharedmiddl
ewareplatf
ormthatis
maintai
nedbyt heBNDAt eam.

Fur
ther
ingdi
git
alt
ransf
ormat
ion
Webel ieveblockchainwi l
lincreaseconfidenceinthee-pension
system byensur ingthatpay outsarebasedonaccur ateand
authent ici
nformat i
on.Itssuccesswi lll
ikel
yencourageot her
agenci estoexpl oreapplicati
onsf orourcoreblockchainplat
form,
fur
ther ingBCC’ smi ssi
onoft r
ansforminggov er
nment aldi
git
al
services.