Clause05 03 K

េសចកី្តកំណត់
ចំេពះម្រ នីម ួយៗៃន
្រកមរដ្ឋបបេវណី
ភគ ៣ ³ គនថទ
ី ី៥
erobcMeday
KN³kmμkarTTYlbnÞúkkarBaresckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNI
nig
RkumkargarCb:unEdlTTYlbnÞúkeFVIesckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNI
RksYgyutþiFm’
PñMeBj 2010
esckþIkMNt;cMeBaHmaRtanImYy²énRkmrdæb,evNI
RtUv)ane)aHBum< enAraCFanIPñMeBj
edaykariyal½ykmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
enARksYgyutþiFm’énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
enAqñaM 2010.
kmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
KWCakmμviFIshRbtibtþikarbec©keTs
rvagRksYgyutþiFm’ nig TIPñak;garshRbtibtþikarGnþrCatiénRbeTsCb:un ¬JICA¦
siT§iniBn§ © RkumkargarCb:unEdlTTYlbnÞúkeFVIesckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNI qñaM2010
ISBN: 9789995083373
GñkniBn§
CMBUkTI 1 nig CMBUkTI 4 elaksa®sþacarü Kamata Kaoru
CMBUkTI 2 eTA CMBUkTI 3 elaksa®sþacarü Urakawa Michitaro
CMBUkTI 5 eTA CMBUkTI 6 elaksa®sþacarü Matsumoto Tsuneo
CMBUkTI 7 elaksa®sþacarü Nomura Toyohiro
CMBUkTI 8 elaksa®sþacarü Yamamoto Yutaka
CMBUkTI 9 nig CMBUkTI 13 elaksa®sþacarü Minami Toshifumi
CMBUkTI 10 elaksa®sþacarü Nomi Yoshihisa
CMBUkTI 11 eTA CMBUkTI 12 nig
elaksa®sþacarü Niimi Ikufumi
CMBUkTI 14 nig CMBUkTI 15
CMBUkTI 16 elaksa®sþacarü Morishima Akio
kMNt;smÁal;
enAkñúgesckþIkMNt;énmaRtanImYy²manesckþIkMNt;xøHEdlmankarbgðajGMBIkarbkRsay
GñkEdl)anerobcMesckþIRBagedIménmaRtaenaH. sUmcat;TukkarbkRsayenaHCaTsSn³mYy
kñúgcMeNamkarbkRsayCaeRcInEdlGacman edIm,IykeTAcat;Ecgkic©karCak;EsþgenARbeTs
km<úCa .
matika
KnßITI 5 kic©snüasMxan;² nig GMeBIGnItüanukUl -------------------------------------1
CMBUkTI 1 karlk;Tij -----------------------------------------------------1
EpñkTI 1 lkçN³énkarlk; nig karbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij---------------------------1
EpñkTI 2 PaKIénkic©snüalk;Tij nig kmμvtßúénkic©snüalk;Tij -----------------------7
EpñkTI3 GanuPaBénkic©snüalk;Tij ------------------------------------------- 10
kfaPaKTI 1 krNIykic©rbs;Gñklk; ------------------------------------ 11
kfaPaKTI 2 krNIykic©rbs;GñkTij -------------------------------------29
EpñkTI 4 karrMlaykic©snüalk;;TijedayGnuvtþsiT§ielaH ---------------------------- 32
CMBUkTI 2 kardUr ------------------------------------------------------- 34
CMBUkTI 3 RbTankmμ ---------------------------------------------------- 35
CMBUkTI 4 karx©IbriePaK ---------------------------------------------------41
EpñkTI 1 niymn½y nig karbegáItkic©snüax©IbriePaK ----------------------------- 41
EpñkTI 2 karx©IbriePaKedayP¢ab;karR)ak; --------------------------------------44
EpñkTI 3 krNIykic©[x©Irbs;Gñk[x©I -----------------------------------------49
EpñkTI 4 krNIykic©sgrbs;Gñkx©I ------------------------------------------ 53
CMBUkTI 5 Ptisnüa------------------------------------------------------56
EpñkTI 1 bTb,BaØtþiTUeTA --------------------------------------------------56
EpñkTI 2 GanuPaBénPtisnüa ----------------------------------------------60
EpñkTI 3 karbBa©b;Ptisnüa------------------------------------------------69
EpñkTI 4 kic©snüaRbvas; ------------------------------------------------- 75
CMBUkTI 6 karx©IeRbI ------------------------------------------------------76
CMBUkTI 7 GaNtþi -------------------------------------------------------82
CMBUkTI 8 kic©snüaem:Akar-------------------------------------------------95
CMBUkTI 9 kic©snüakargar ----------------------------------------------- 106
i
CMBUkTI 10 beBaØI ------------------------------------------------------- 110
EpñkTI 1 bTb,BaØtþiTUeTAsþIBIbeBaØI------------------------------------------ 110
EpñkTI 2 beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña -------------------------------------------130
EpñkTI 3 beBaØIbriePaK--------------------------------------------------131
EpñkTI 4 visuNæab½n --------------------------------------------------- 133
CMBUkTI 11 kic©snüaRkumh‘un ----------------------------------------------137
CMBUkTI 12 kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit --------------------------------- 153
CMBUkTI 13 karsHCa---------------------------------------------------- 158
CMBUkTI 14 karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al---------------------------------------- 163
CMBUkTI 15 esckþIceRmIneday\tehtu --------------------------------------- 171
CMBUkTI 16 GMeBIGnItüanukUl ---------------------------------------------- 179
ii
smasPaBénKN³kmμkarTTYlbnÞúkkarBaresckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCa ³
Ék]tþm GgÁ vgS vDÆana rdæm®nþI/ RksYgyutþiFm’ ¬RbFan¦
Ék]tþm s‘uy nU rdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’ ¬GaNtiþTI 1¦
Ék]tþm GIu dn rdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’ ¬GaNtiþTI 2¦
Ék]tþm hIu esaPa rdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’
elakCMTav can; suT§avI rdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’
Ék]tþm yU b‘uneLg RbFansala]T§rN_
Ék]tþm Kg; RsIum GnuRbFantulakarkMBUl
Ék]tþm b‘un h‘un GnurdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’
Ék]tþm ekIt riT§ GnurdæelxaFikar/ RksYgyutþiFm’
Ék]tþm CYn etC GKÁaFikarrg/ RksYgyutþiFm’
Ék]tþm Eb:n eBRCsalI GKÁnaykGKÁnaykdæanbec©keTs/ RksYgyutþiFm’
Ék]tþm pUv sMPI GKÁnaykGKÁnaykdæanRsavRCav nigGPivDÆn_elIvis½yyutþiFm’/ RksYg
yutþiFm’
elak m:ug munñIcriya RbFansaladMbUgextþRBHsIhnu
elak yUr ]tþra ecARkmtulakarkMBUl
elak sMriT§ supl ecARkmsala]T§rN_
elak salI Fara: ecARkmsala]T§rN_
elakRsI exov suxa GKÁnaykrgGKÁnaykdæanbec©keTs/ RksYgyutþiFm’
elak swg bBaØavuDÆ ecARkmtulakarkMBUl
elak hIug FIb¤T§i ecARkmsaladMbUgextþsÞwgERtg
elak TUc fariT§i RbFannaykdæankic©karrdæb,evNI/ RksYgyutþiFm’
elak Titü b¤T§I ecARkmRksYgyutþiFm’
smasPaBénRkumkargarCb:unEdlTTYlbnÞúkeFVIesckþIRBagRkmrdæb,evNI ³
elak Morishima Akio sa®sþacarükitþiys/ sklviTüal½y Nagoya ¬RbFan¦
elak Kamata Kaoru sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Waseda
elak Matsumoto Tsuneo sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Hitotsubashi
elak Minami Toshifumi ecARkm/ sala]T§rN_éntMbn; Tokyo
iii
elak Motoyama Atsushi sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Ritsumeikan
elak Niimi Ikufumi sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Meiji
elak Nomi Yoshihisa sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Tokyo
elak Nomura Toyohiro RBwT§burs nig sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Gakushuin
elak Sato Keita sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Chuo
elak Tanamura Masayuki sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Waseda
elak Urakawa Michitaro sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Waseda
elak Yamamoto Yutaka sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Kyoto
elak Hatanaka Hisaya sa®sþacarü/ sklviTüal½y Fukuoka
CMnajkar TIPñak;garshRbtibtþikarGnþrCati énRbeeTsCb:un (JICA) RbcaMRksYgyutþiFm’ ³

elak Sakano Issei TIRbwkSa énkmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elak Yamada Yoichi GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elak Imaizumi Manabu GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elakRsI Homma Yoshiko GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elak Kai Mineo GtItGñksRmbs®mYl énkmμvIFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elak Kamiki Atsushi GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
kBaØa Manabe Kana GtItTIRbwkSac,ab; énkmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
kBaØa Terauchi Kozue GñksRmbs®mYl énkmμvIFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elak Kiyohara Hiroshi TIRbwkSac,ab; énkmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
GñkbkERb ³
elak sr sinira GtItCMnYykarCan;x<s; énkmμvIFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elak s sUvan GtItCMnYykar énkmμvIFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elak Cin munI GtItCMnYykar énkmμvIFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elak Ekv va:nñI CMnYykar énkmμvIFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
elak Sakano Issei TIRbwkSa énkmμviFIGPivDÆvis½yc,ab; nig yutþiFm’
iv
KnßITI 5 kic©snüasMxan;² nig GMeBIGnItüanukUl
CMBUkTI 1 karlk;Tij
EpñkTI 1 lkçN³énkarlk; nig karbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij
maRta 515>- niymn½yénkarlk;Tij
karlk;TijsMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYyEdlPaKImçagehAfa Gñklk;mankr-
NIykic©RtUvepÞrkmμsiT§i b¤ siT§iepSgeTotelIRTBüsm,tþi [eTAPaKImçageTotehAfa
GñkTij ehIyGñkTijmankrNIykic©RtUvecjéføCaR)ak;[Gñklk; .
¬kMNt;¦
eKalbMNgénkic©snüalk;TijKWminEmnGnub,Tan {vtßú} eT KWGnub,Tan {siT§ielIRTBüsm,tþi} dUcCa
kmμsiT§i b¤ siT§iRbtükSepSg² EdlCamUldæanénkarRKb;RKgvtßú nig siT§ielIbMNul elIsBIenH k¾manPaKh‘un
kmμsiT§ibBaØa CaGaT× . ehtuenHehIy Gñklk;minRtwmEtRtUvRbKl;nUvvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij[GñkTij
b:ueNÑaHeT EtEfmTaMgRtUvmankrNIykic©eFVI[GñkTij)aneFVIlT§kmμnUvsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúeTotpg . pÞúyeTAvij
GñkTijmankrNIykic©bg; {éføTijCaR)ak;} . kñúgkrNIEdltémøfñÚrminEmnCaR)ak;eT eKehAfa {kardUr} .
müa:geTot kic©snüalk;Tij KWCakic©snüaEdlbegáItnUv {krNIykic©} epÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþi ehtuenH
ehIy ]TahrN_fa eTaHbICalk;TijvtßúEdlkMBugplit ehIyEdlminTan;manrUbragenAeLIy b¤ lk;TijnUvvtßú
EdlCakmμsiT§irbs;GñkepSg CaGaT× EdlminGacepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiPøam²k¾eday k¾kic©snüaenaHman
suBlPaBEdr . cMeBaHkrNIEdlkmμvtßúénkarlk;TijCasiT§irbs;GñkdéT KWmanEcgCaBiesscab;BImaRta 531
¬krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;¦ eTA .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1017 nig maRta 1021 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 516>- karbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij

kic©snüalk;TijGacRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edaymankarRBmeRBogKñarvagPaKI
TaMgsgxagEtbu:eNÑaH elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlmanbBaØtþiBiesskñúgc,ab; . b:uEnþ
PaKIGackMNt;kareFVIlixityfaPUt b¤ lixitÉkCn Cal½kçx½NÐsRmab;kar
1
begáItkic©snüa)an .
¬kMNt;¦
cMeBaHkarbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij CaeKalkarN_ KWGacbegáIteLIg[EtmankarRBmeRBog ¬convention,
agreement¦ rvagPaKI edaymincaM)ac;eFVIlixitCalayl½kçN_GkSr b¤ mincaM)ac;manTRmg; dUcCakarRbKl;vtßúeT
¬eKalkarN_énkarbegáItedaykarRBmeRBog¦ . kñúgkrNIEdlcaM)ac;manTRmg; dUcCalixitkic©snüalk;Tij

Calayl½kçN_GkSr esckþIbBa¢ak; karcuHbBa¢I CaedIm kñúgkarbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij b¤ edIm,IbBa¢ak;kic©snüa
lk;Tij c,ab; b¤ bTdæanKtiyutþepSgeTot nwgkMNt;GMBITRmg;enH . eTaHbICaKμanbBaØtþienAkñúgc,ab; b¤
bTdæanKtiyutþepSgeTotk¾eday k¾PaKImanesrIPaBkñúgkarykTRmg;NamYy mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐedIm,IbegáIt
kic©snüa)anEdr . enAkñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH EcgEtGMBI {kareFVIlixit} b:ueNÑaH b:uEnþ eRkABIkareFVI
lixitCalayl½kçN_GkSr PaKIk¾GacykTRmg;epSgeTot dUcCakarRbKl;R)ak;kk; CaedIm mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐ
)anEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1022 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 4 énRkwtü-c,ab; elx 38 Rk>c
maRta 517>- karsnüalk;TijCamunedayÉketaPaKI

1-kñúgkrNIEdlPaKIEtmçagsnüaCamunkñúgkarlk; b¤ Tij karlk;TijenH
nwgmanGanuPaBcab;taMgBIeBlEdlPaKImçageTotbgðajqnÞ³bMeBjkarTij b¤ lk;
cMeBaHGñksnüaenaH .
2-RbsinebIGMLúgeBlsRmab;karbgðajqnÞ³Edl)anEcgkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1
enHminRtUv)ankMNt;eT GñksnüaCamunGackMNt;nUvGMLúgeBlsmrmümYy ehIy
Gacdas;etOn[PaKImçageTotbgðajqnÞ³fa RBm b¤ minRBmbMeBjkarTij b¤ lk;
enAkñúgGMLúgeBlenaH . kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçageTotmin)anbgðajqnÞ³enAkñúg
GMLúgeBlkMNt;eT karsnüaCamunenaH RtUv)at;bg;GanuPaB .
¬kMNt;¦
{karsnüaCamun} KWCakic©snüaEdlPaKImçagpþl;siT§idl;PaKImçageTotbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij . ]TahrN_
Rkumh‘unGakascrN_ A bnÞab;BIkarcrcarCamYyRkumh‘unplitynþehaH B CaeRcIndg k¾)anseRmcnUvkarRBm
2
eRBogsþIBIl½kçx½NÐénkic©snüamYy b:uEnþ edIm,IseRmckarTijynþehaH xøÜncaM)ac;RtUvBinitüemIlcMnYnGñkCiHkñúg
GMLúgeBl 2 eTA 3 qñaMeTot CaGaT× . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIRkumh‘unGakascrN_ A KiteXIjfa
xøÜncg;)anCadac;xatnUvynþehaHenaH enAeBlEdlxøÜnseRmcTij rIÉRkumh‘un B vij KiteXIjEdrfa RbsinebI
Rkumh‘un A seRmcfaTij xøÜncg;[eKTijynþehaHrbs;Rkumh‘unxøÜn enaHRkumh‘un B Gacpþl;siT§idl;Rkumh‘un A
kñúgkarbegáItkic©snüa edayRKan;EtbgðajqnÞ³ÉketaPaKI enAeBlEdlRkumh‘un A cg;)an ¬siT§ibBa©b;
karsnüaCamun nig seRmcbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij/ siT§ieFVICeRmIs¦ . kñúgkrNIenH maneBlxøH Rkumh‘un B
GacTTYlnUvtémøfñÚrénlT§kmμsiT§ibBa©b;karsnüaCamun nig seRmcbegáItkic©snüalk;TijenH BIRkumh‘un A .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 556 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1589 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 518>- R)ak;kk;;

ebIGñkTij)anbg;R)ak;kk;eTA[Gñklk; GñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüalk;Tij
edaye)aHbg;ecalR)ak;kk;enaH)an rIÉGñklk;GacrMlaykic©snüalk;Tijeday
sgR)ak;esμInwgBIrdgénR)ak;kk;enHmkvij)anEdr . b:uEnþ PaKIminGacrMlaykic©
snüa)aneLIy eRkayeBlPaKImçageTot)ancab;epþImGnuvtþkic©snüaehIy .
¬kMNt;¦
R)ak;kk;mantYnaTIdUcCa ¬1¦ bBa¢ak;nUvkarbegáItkic©snüa ¬R)ak;kk;bBa¢ak;kic©snüa¦ ¬2¦ zbnIynUvsiT§i
rMlaykic©snüa ¬R)ak;kk;sRmab;rMlaykic©snüa¦ ¬3¦ rwbGUsykR)ak;kk;kñúgkrNIEdlminGnuvtþkatBVkic©
¬ykR)ak;kk;mkeFVICaR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüa¦ ¬R)ak;kk;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüa¦
CaGaT× . maRtaenHmanGtßn½ybkRsayfa CaeKalkarN_ R)ak;kk;KWCaR)ak;kk;sRmab;;rMlaykic©snüa
minEmnCaR)ak;kk;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüaeT ebIKμankarRBmeRBogBiessrvagPaKI . b:uEnþ eTaHbICa
mankarRBmeRBogCaR)ak;kk;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüak¾eday k¾GacmankrNIEdlRtUvbkRsayRBm
CamYyKñafa CaR)ak;kk;sRmab;;rMlaykic©snüaEdr .
kñúgkrNIEdlmankarbg; nig TTYlR)ak;enAeBleFVIkic©snüa manbBaðamYykñúgkarbkRsayfa etIR)ak;enaH
CaR)ak;kk; b¤ CaR)ak;mYyPaKénéfølk; . karbkRsayenHRtUveFVIeLIgeTAtamTMenomTmøab;énkic©karCMnYj .
kar {cab;epþImGnuvtþ} KWminEmnRtwmEtCakrNIEdlGnuvtþkatBVkic©mYyPaKb:ueNÑaHeT KWrab;bBa©ÚlkrNI
EdleFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,Ipþl;karGnuvtþ EdlGacdwgc,as; ebIemIlBIxageRkAEfmeTot .
3
müa:geTot kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk; b¤ GñkTijEtmçag)ancab;epþImGnuvtþ manbBaðaRtg;cMNucfa etIPaKIEdl
)ancab;epþImGnuvtþGacrMlaykic©snüa)an b¤ min)an . maRtaenHmaneKalbMNgkuM[naM[mankarxUcRbeyaCn_
rbs;PaKIEdl)ancab;epþImGnuvtþ ehtudUecñH GacbkRsayfa karrMlayedayPaKIEdl)ancab;epþImGnuvtþ Gac
RtUv)anTTYlsÁal; elIkElgEtmankal³eTs³Biess .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 519>- karlk;edaymankarPøk;sak

1-karlk;rbs;NaEdlmanTMenomTMlab;tRmUv[mankarPøk;sakmunnwgTij
RtUvmanGanuPaBenAeBlGñkTij)anyl;RBm eRkayeBl)anPøk;sakrYcehIy .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlsRmab;GñkTijedIm,Iyl;RBm Gñk
lk;Gacdas;etOn[GñkTijeqøIyc,as;GMBIkaryl;RBm b¤ minyl;RBm eday
kMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü)an . kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmin)aneqøIyc,as; kñúgGMLúg
eBlenaH RtUvcat;Tukfa GñkTijbdiesFkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa .
¬kMNt;¦
cMeBaHkarlk;TijvtßúEdlmanTMenomTmøab;EdlGñkTijPøk;sakmunnwgTijenaH eTaHbICaKμankarsnüaCak;
lak;nUvkarPøk;sakenHk¾eday k¾kic©snüaenHminRtUvbegáIteLIgPøamedayRtwmEtmankarRBmeRBogGMBIvtßúEdl
Cakmμvtßú nig éfølk;b:ueNÑaHeT KWkic©snüaenHnwgRtUv)anbegáItenAeBlEdlGñkTij)anPøk;sak ehIy
yl;RBmTij .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1587 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 520>- karlk;edaymankareRbIsak

1-cMeBaHkarlk;TijedaymankareRbIsak kic©snüalk;TijenaHmanGanuPaB
enAeBlEdlGñkTij)anyl;RBmkñúgGMLúgeBleRbIsak b¤ GMLúgeBleRbIsakenaH
knøghYs edayGñkTijmin)anbgðajqnÞ³eT . kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijbdiesFmin
TTYlvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú kic©snüalk;TijenaH RtUvcat;Tukfa minRtUv)anbegáIteLIy .
4
2-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBleRbIsakenAkñúgkic©snüa Gñklk;
Gacdas;etOn[GñkTijeqøIyc,as;GMBIkaryl;RBm b¤ minyl;RBm edaykMNt;
GMLúgeBlsmrmü)an . kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmin)aneqøIyc,as; kñúgGMLúgeBl
enaH ehIybnþeRbIsakvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkic©snüaenaH RtUvcat;Tukfa GñkTij)an
yl;RBm .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ dUcCakrNIlk;Tijnavacas; kñúgkrNIEdl)aneFVIkic©snüaTijenHedaymanl½kçx½NÐ[GñkTij
eRbIsaksin ehIyebI)andwgfa manlT§pll¥tamkarsgÇwmrbs;GñkTijenaH eTIbseRmcTijvtßúenaH .
kic©snüaenHminRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayRKan;Et)anRBmeRBogKñaGMBIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú nig éfølk;TijenaHeT KW
begáIteLIgenAeBlEdlGñkTij)aneRbIsak ehIyyl;RBmTij . karcat;EcgkñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmin)an
bgðajqnÞ³GVIesaH eRkayBIkareRbIsak manPaBxusKñanwgmaRta 519 ¬karlk;edaymankarPøk;sak¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1588 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1049 nig maRta 1070 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 521>- éfølk;Tij

1-PaKIénkic©snüaRtUvkMNt;cMnYnR)ak;énéfølk;Tij b¤ viFIkMNt;cMnYnR)ak;
enaH enAkñúgkic©snüa .
2-cMnYnR)ak;énéfølk;TijGacRtUv)ankMNt; edayeyaleTAtamtémøén
TMnijNamYyenATIpSarkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñ b¤ GnaKt b¤ edayEp¥kelIkarvaytémø
EdleFVIedayttiyCnEdlRtUv)aneRCIserIs tamrebobkMNt;edayKUPaKI . kñúg
krNIEdlkarvaytémørbs;ttiyCnRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayPan;RcLM b¤ krNIEdl
karvaytémøenaH c,as;CapÞúynwgsmPaB PaKIénkic©snüaEdlTTYlkarxUcxat
plRbeyaCn_rbs;xøÜn edaysarkarvaytémøenaH Gactva:cMeBaHkarvaytémøenaH
)an .
3-PaKIénkic©snüaGackMNt;cMnYnéfølk;TijedaybgðajcMnYnéføedImBit
R)akd b¤ eday[GñkTijbg;FnlaP EdlminkMNt;eBl b¤ FnlaPmYyCIvit)an .
5
b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlttiyCnvaytémø edayeyaleTAtambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2
xagelIenH éfølk;TijRtUv)ankMNt;edaybgðajcMnYnéføedImBitR)akd elIkElg
EtkrNIEdlKUPaKIRbKl;siT§ieTAttiyCnedayCak;lak; .
¬kMNt;¦
cMeBaHkic©snüalk;Tij cMnYnéfølk;TijCaktþamYysMxan;Nas; . dUecñH kic©snüalk;TijminRtUvekIteLIg
ebIminkMNt;nUvcMnYnTwkR)ak;énéfølk;Tij b¤ GackMNt;naeBlGnaKt . müa:geTot éfølk;TijGackMNt;)an
edayykrebobbg;tambNþak;tameBlevlaEdlkMNt; edaymincaM)ac;kMNt;éføsrubk¾)anEdr ]TahrN_
RtUvbg;mYyqñaM 00 erol rhUtdl;Gñklk;TTYlmrNPaB .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1591 nig maRta 1592 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1021 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 522>- esah‘uykñúgkarlk;Tij

cMeBaHesah‘uyeFVIlixit b¤ esah‘uyepSg²EdlRtUvcMNaykñúgkareFVIkic©
snüalk;Tij PaKITaMgsgxagRtUvecjesμKI ña elIkElgEtkrNIEdlmankarkMNt;
epSgedayKUPaKI .
¬kMNt;¦
kic©snüalk;TijRtUveFVIeLIgsRmab;;plRbeyaCn_rbs;PaKIsgxag ehtuenHehIyPaKIsgxagRtUvTTYl
bnÞúknUvesah‘uyesμIKña . b:uEnþ PaKImanesrIPaBeFVIkarRBmeRBogepSgBIenH . müa:geTot esah‘uysRmab;
nItiviFIcaM)ac;edIm,I[GñkTijeFVIlT§kmμnUvsiT§iedayBitR)akd ¬karcuHbBa¢IEdlCal½kçx½NÐedIm,IbegáItGanuPaBén
karepÞrkmμsiT§ielIGclnvtßúedaykarRBmeRBog karcuHbBa¢IEdlCal½kçx½NÐttaMgénkarbegáIt karepÞr nig karEk
ERbnUvsiT§iRbtükSeRkABIkrNIénkarepÞrkmμsiT§ielIGclnvtßúedaykarRBmeRBog karCUndMNwgEdlCal½kçx½NÐ
ttaMgénGnub,TansiT§ielIbMNul CaGaT×¦ KWCaesah‘uysRmab;;GnuvtþkatBVkic© minEmnCaesah‘uysRmab;;
begáItkic©snüaeT ehtuenHehIy RbsinebIKμankarRBmeRBogrvagPaKIeT CaeKalkarN_ esah‘uyenHKWCabnÞúk
rbs;kUnbMNul ¬Gñklk;¦ tambBaØtþiénmaRta 446 ¬esah‘uyénkarsg¦ ¬b:uEnþ maRta 1593 énRkm
rdæb,evNI)araMgEcgfa esah‘uysRmab;eFVIlixitbBa¢ak; nig esah‘uyepSgeTotBak;B½n§nwgkarlk;Tij KWCabnÞúk
rbs;GñkTij¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
6
maRta 558 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un
maRta 523>- karGnuvtþdUcKñacMeBaHkic©snüaTUeTAEdlyktémøfñÚr

bBaØtþiénCMBUkTI 1 ¬karlk;Tij¦ enH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaH
kic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚr eRkABIkic©snüalk;Tij .
¬kMNt;¦
kic©snüalk;Tij CaRbePTcm,gmYykñúgcMNamkic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚr ¬kic©snüamUla ³ kic©snüaEdl
PaKIsgxagecjcMNayEdlmanGtßn½yCatémøfñÚr¦ ehtudUecñH bBaØtþisþIBIkic©snüalk;Tij manlkçN³Ca
bBaØtþiTUeTAsþIBIkic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚrEdr ehIyRtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkic©snüaEdlyktémø
fñÚrepSgeTot luHRtaEtminpÞúynwglkçN³énkic©snüaenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
EpñkTI 2 PaKIénkic©snüalk;Tij nig kmμvtßúénkic©snüalk;Tij
maRta 524>- PaKIénkic©snüalk;Tij

rUbvnþbuKÁl b¤ nItibuKÁlTaMgLayGaclk; b¤ Tij)an elIkElgEtkñúgkrNI
Edlc,ab;hamXat; .
¬kMNt;¦
CnTaMgGs; eTaHCaCnCatibreTsk¾eday CaGnItiCnk¾eday GacbegáItkic©snüalk;TijkñúgnamCaGñklk;
b¤ GñkTij)an elIkElgEtkrNIEdlhamenAkñúgmaRta 525 ¬buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬mYy¦¦
nig maRta 526 ¬buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬BIr¦¦ RBmTaMghamedayc,ab;epSgeTot .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1594 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1023 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 525>- buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬mYy¦

1-GñkRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþitamc,ab; tampøÚvtulakar b¤ tamkic©snüa min
7
GackøayCaGñkTij b¤ CaGñkTijedaykarlk;edaybgçM nUvRTBüsm,tþiEdlxøÜn)an
TTYlParkic©lk; edaypÞal;xøÜn b¤ tamry³GnþrkarI )aneLIy .
2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaH
m®nþIraCkarEdlTTYlbnÞúkcat;kar karlk;edaybgçM b¤ TTYlbnÞúkRKb;RKgkarlk;
edaybgçM .
3-cMeBaHkarlk;TijEdlpÞúynwgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH manEt
kmμsiT§ikrénvtßúmuneBllk; b¤ snþtiCnb¤RbtisiT§irbs;kmμsiT§ikrenaHeT eTIbGac
lubecalkic©snüaenH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþirbs;buKÁlGvtþman TijGclnvtßúrbs;buKÁlGvtþmanenaH
edaykMNt;nUvl½kçx½NÐeFVI[xøÜnmaneRbobCag edayeRbIeQμaHxøÜnÉg b¤ eRbIGnþrkarI ¬tukátacMebIg¦ ¬kic©snüa
EdlCnNamñak;eFVIeLIgkñúgnamGñktMNagbuKÁlNamñak; nig samIxøÜnenaH ehAfa {kic©snüaedayxøÜnÉg}¦
kic©snüaEbbenHeFVI[xUcRbeyaCn_buKÁlGvtþmanya:gxøaMg . ehtuenHehIy)anCamaRtaenHEcghammin[eFVI
skmμPaBEdlmanRbeyaCn_pÞúyKñaEbbenH ehIyGñkEdlxUcRbeyaCn_edaysarskmμPaBenH ¬kñúg]TahrN_
enH KWbuKÁlGvtþman RBmTMagsnþtiCn nig RbtisiT§iedayELkrbs;buKÁlenaH¦ GaclubecalnUvkic©snüa
enH)an . cMeBaHkrNIlk;edaybgçMk¾dUcKñaEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 526>- buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬BIr¦

1-ecARkm RBHraCGaC£a RkLabBa¢I b¤ m®nþItulakarepSgeTot minGackøay
CaGñkTij b¤ CaGñkTijedaykarlk;edaybgçM edaypÞal;xøÜn b¤ tamry³GnþrkarI
nUvvtßú b¤ siT§i EdlCakmμvtßúénvivaTEdlkMBugcat;karenAtulakarEdlxøÜnbMeBj
Parkic©)aneT .
krNIEdlemFavI b¤ sarkarI køayCaGñkTij b¤ CaGñkTijedaykarlk;edaybgçM
8
nUvvtßú b¤ siT§iEdlTak;TgnwgerOgkþIEdlxøÜnTTYlbnÞúk .
3-cMeBaHkarlk;TijEdlpÞúynwgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH manEt
Gñklk; PaKImçageTotEdlmanvivaTGMBIsiT§i b¤ snþtiCnb¤RbtisiT§irbs;Gñklk;b¤
PaKImçageToteT eTIbGaclubecalkic©snüaenH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ RbsinebIecARkm)anrkcMNucexSayrbs;PaKIénbNþwg ehIyeFVIkic©snüaTijnUvvtßú EdlTak;Tg
nwgerOgkþIEdlRtUv)ancat;karedaytulakarEdlxøÜneFVIkar GMeBIenaHGaceFVI[xUcRbeyaCn_rbs;PaKIénbNþwg
enaH ehtuenHehIy)anCamaRtaenHhamGMeBIenH RBmTaMgpþl;siT§ilubecal[GñkEdlBak;B½n§nwgplRbeyaCn_ .
kñúgkrNIEdlmankarxUcplRbeyaCn_dl;PaKIénbNþwgedaysarGMeBIenH PaKIénbNþwgenaHk¾GacTamTar[sg
sMNgkarxUcxatedayykGMeBIGnItüanukUlmkeFVICamUlehtu)anpgEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 527>- vtßúEdlGaclk;)an

vtßú b¤ siT§iTaMgLayNa eTaHbICaekItmaneLIgnaeBlGnaKtk¾eday k¾Gac
ykeTAeFVICakmμvtßúénkic©snüalk;Tij)anEdr elIkElgEtvtßú b¤ siT§ienaHman
lkçN³minGaceFVIGnub,Tan b¤ c,ab;hamXat;min[eFVIGnub,Tan .
¬kMNt;¦
kic©snüalk;TijRKan;EtbegáItnUvkatBVkic©epÞrsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijEtb:ueNÑaH ¬sUmemIlmaRta
530 ¬krNIykic©TUeTArbs;Gñklk;¦¦ dUecñH karlk;TijnUvvtßúnaeBlGnaKt nig karlk;Tijvtßúrbs;GñkdéT
k¾mansuBlPaBEdr . cMeBaHkarlk;TijnUvvtßúrbs;GñkdéT RbsinebImincat;Tukfa mansuBlPaBeT GñkTij
minGacTamTar[Gñklk;eFVIlT§kmμkmμsiT§ielIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij ehIyRbKl;vtßúenaH[eTAGñkTij
)aneT ehIyGñkTijk¾minGacTamTar[Gñklk;TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGacepÞrkmμsiT§iBIGñklk;eTAGñkTijEdr .
ehtudUecñH manbBaða ¬sUmemIlBImaRta 531 ¬krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;
Gñklk;¦ dl;maRta 533 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanacMeBaHkrNIEdlsiT§imYyPaK CasiT§irbs;GñkdéT¦ .
cMeBaHkrNIén {GlT§PaBTaMgRsugtaMgBIdMbUg} dUcCakrNIEdlvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúCak;lak;énkic©snüa
lk;Tij)an)at;bg;TaMgRsugrYcehIy enAeBleFVIkic©snüalk;Tij ehIyminGacGnuvtþkatBVkic©enaH CaGaT×
9
sUmemIlmaRta 355 ¬GlT§PaBtaMgBIdMbUg¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1598 nig maRta 1589 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1018 maRta nig 1019 énRkm
rdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 35 énRkwtü-c,ab; lex 38 Rk>c
EpñkTI3 GanuPaBénkic©snüalk;Tij
maRta 528>- karepÞrkmμsiT§i

1-cMeBaHkarepÞrkmμsiT§ielIkmμvtßúkñúgkic©snüalk;Tij RtUvGnuvtþeTAtam
eKalkarN_TUeTAEdl)ankMNt;cab;BImaRta 133 ¬karbegáIt karepÞr nig karEk
ERbnUvsiT§iRbtükS edaykarRBmeRBog¦ dl;maRta 135 ¬l½kçx½NÐedIm,IbegáIt
GanuPaBénkarepÞrkmμsiT§ielIGclnvtßúedaykarRBmeRBog¦ énRkmenH .1
2-ebIkmμvtßúénkic©snüalk;TijCasiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþieRkABIkmμsiT§i karepÞr
siT§iTaMgenaH RtUvGnuvtþeTAtameKalkarN_TUeTAEdlTak;TgnwgkarepÞrsiT§inImYy²
enaH .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ kñúgkic©snüalk;Tijclnvtßú kñúgkrNIEdlmankarsnüafa {kmμsiT§iRtUvepÞrCafñÚrnwgkarbg;
éfølk;} kmμsiT§inwgRtUvepÞr enAeBlbg;éfølk; tamGanuPaBénkic©snüalk;Tij ¬edaymincaM)ac;eFVIskmμPaB
BiesseT¦ ¬maRta 133¦ . RbsinebIKμankarsnüaBiessGMBIeBlevlaEdlRtUvepÞrkmμsiT§ikñúgkic©snüaeT
CaeKalkarN_ kmμsiT§iRtUvepÞrenAeBlEdlkic©snüaenaHmanGanuPaB . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénkarlk;Tijclnvtßú
RbsinCamin)anRbKl;clnvtßúeT karepÞrkmμsiT§ienH minGacttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn)aneLIy ¬kfaxNÐTI 1 én
maRta 134¦ . kñúgkrNIlk;TijsiT§ielIbMNul siT§ielIbMNulRtUvepÞreTAGnub,TanikedaysV½yRbvtþi tam
GanuPaBénkic©snüalk;Tij ¬maRta 502¦ b:uEnþ RbsinebIGnub,TayImin)anCUndMNwgeTAkUnbMNul b¤
kUnbMNulmin)anyl;RBm tambBaØtþiénmaRta 503 eT Gnub,TansiT§ielIbMNulenaHminGacttaMgcMeBaH
kUnbMNul b¤ ttiyCnepSg)aneT . müa:geTot kñúgkrNIénkarlk;TijGclnvtßú RbsinebImin)ancuHbBa¢IeT
karpÞrkmμsiT§iminRtUvbegáItGanuPaBeLIy ¬maRta 135¦ .
1
kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 528 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .
10
kfaPaKTI 1 krNIykic©rbs;Gñklk;
maRta 529>- krNIykic©RtUvBnül;rbs;Gñklk;

Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RtUvBnül;[)anc,as;las; nUvxøwmsarénkrNIy-
kic©EdlGñklk;TTYlbnÞúk TMnak;TMngKtiyutþEdlTak;Tgnwgvtßú b¤ siT§iEdlCa
kmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij ehIyCaBiesskñúgkrNIlk;Gclnvtßú RtUvBnül;dl;GñkTij
[)anc,as;las;nUvxøwmsarénsiT§i karTTYlbnÞúk nig RBMEdnénGclnvtßú CaGaT× .
¬kMNt;¦
edIm,IeCosvagkuM[vivaTekIteLIgnaGnaKt KUPaKIKYrEtbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij edayyl;GMBIxøwmsarcm,g
énkic©snüaenaHedayRtwmRtUv . kñúgkic©snüalk;Tij krNIykic©rbs;GñkTijmanPaBc,as;las; edaysar
krNIykic©cm,genaHmanEtkrNIykic©bg;éfølk;Tijb:ueNÑaH . pÞúyeTAvij krNIykic© nig karTTYlxusRtUv
rbs;Gñklk;GacmanxøwmsarepSg² ehIyCaTUeTA Gñklk;manB½t’manGMBIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij .
ehtudUecñH maRtaenHtRmUv[Gñklk;mankrNIykic©Bnül; . RbsinebIGñklk;bMBankrNIykic©Bnül;enH Gñk
lk;enaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarxUcxatEdl)anekIteLIgedaysarkarbMBanenaH . elIsBIenHeTot Rbsin
ebIGñklk;Bnül;ehtuminBit b¤ lak;ehtuBit edayectna cMeBaHcMNucEdlman\T§iBlelIkarseRmcrbs;
GñkTijkñúgkareFVI b¤ mineFVIkic©snüa ehIyCalT§pl naM[GñkTijPan;RcLM nig eFVIkic©snüaedayEp¥kelI
karPan;RcLMenH GacmankrNIEdlkic©snüaenaHRtUv)anlubecaledayykkarqe)ak b¤ karPan;RcLMmkeFVICa
mUlehtu .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 530>- krNIykic©TUeTArbs;Gñklk;

Gñklk;mankrNIykic© RtUvepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiEdlxøÜn)anlk; RtUv
RbKl;vtßúEdl)anlk; RtUvEfrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdl)anlk;rhUtdl;eBlRbKl; RBm
TaMgRtUvRbKl;lixitepSg²EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IbBa¢ak;nUvsiT§i cMeBaHGñkTij tamkic©
snüa nig bBaØtþiénRkmenH .
11
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHerobrab;krNIykic©TUeTArbs;Gñklk; . cMeBaHxøwmsarlm¥iténkrNIykic©nImYy²enH manbBaØtþi
cab;BImaRta 531 eTA .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 531>- krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñk

lk;
1-Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiEdlCakmμvtßúénkar
lk;TijeTA[GñkTij.
2-RbsinebIkmμvtßúénkarlk;TijCasiT§irbs;GñkdéT Gñklk;mankrNIykic©
RtUvTTYlsiT§ienaH ehIyRtUvepÞrsiT§ienaHeTA[GñkTij .
3-RbsinebIGñklk;minGacepÞrsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijeTA[Gñk
Tij)aneT GñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüa)an . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIGñkTijmin)an
dwg enAeBleFVIkic©snüafa siT§ienaHminEmnCasiT§irbs;Gñklk;eT GñkTijGacTam
TarsMNgénkarxUcxat)an .
¬kMNt;¦
tammaRta 1599 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg maRta 1019 énRkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCacas; Ecgfa karlk;vtßú
GñkdéT RtUvcat;TukCaemaX³ b:uEnþ RkmfμIenHcat;Tukfa karlk;vtßúGñkdéTmansuBlPaB edaymanmUlehtu
dUc)anBnül;enAkñúgesckþIkMNt;énmaRta 532 . edayykcMNucenHmkeFVICabuerl½kçx½NÐ maRtaenHEcgfa
Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RtUveFVIlT§kmμnUvsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijenaH ehIyepÞreTA[GñkTij ehIyEcg
pgEdrGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkrNIEdlkrNIkic©enHminRtUv)anGnuvtþ ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana¦ .
RbsinebIGñklk;minGacGnuvtþkrNIykic©epÞrsiT§i)aneT eTaHbICaGñkTij)andwg enAeBleFVIkic©snüafa
Gñklk;minEmnCakmμsiT§ikrelIvtßúEdlCakmμsiT§ik¾day k¾GñkTijenaHGacTamTar[rMlaykic©snüaenH)anEdr
¬vaküxNÐTI 1 kfaxNÐTI 3¦ . elIsBIenHeTot kñgú krNIEdlGñkTijmanPaBsucrit ¬eBleFVIkic©snüa
min)andwgfa Gñklk;KμansiT§ienaH¦ eRkABIsiT§irMlay GñkTijTTYlsiT§iTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatpgEdr
¬vaküxNÐTI 2 kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRtaenH¦ . b:uEnþ RbsinebIkrNIykic©epÞrsiT§minGacGnuvtþ)an edaysar
12
GñkTijmanehtuEdlnaM[TTYlxusRtUv enaHGñklk;minRtUvTTYlxusRtUvEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 én
maRtaenHeT .
siT§iTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRtaenH RtUvekIteLIg eTaHbICa
Gñklk;manehtuEdlnaM[TTYlxusRtUvk¾eday Kμank¾eday ehtudUecñH CaeKalkarN_ TMhMénkarxUcxat
EdlRtUvsgsMNgenaH manRtwmEtkarxUcxatEdlGñkTij)anTTYledaysarEtxøÜn)aneCOCak;fa nwgeFVIlT§kmμ
nUvkmμsiT§ienaHedayRbsiT§PaBEtb:ueNÑaH ¬plRbeyaCn_BICMenO¦ . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñklk;manehtuEdlnaM
[TTYlxusRtUv dUcCakrNIEdlGñklk;GaceFVIlT§kmμsiT§i ehIyepÞrsiT§ienaHeTAGñklk; b:uEnþ min)aneFVIdUecñH
edayectna CaGaT× GñkTijGacTamTarnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© tambBaØtþicab;BImaRta
398 ¬l½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxat¦ eTA . kñúgkrNIenH GñkTijGacTamTarnUv
sMNgénplRbeyaCn_BIkarGnuvtþ)an .
müa:geTot maRtaenH minmanbBaØtþiBiessEdlkRmitnUvGMLúgeBlEdlGacGnuvtþsiT§ieT ehtuenHehIy
GñkTijGacGnuvtþsiT§irMlay enAkñúgGMLúgeBlEdlkic©snüalk;TijmanGtßiPaB ehIyGaC£ayukalénkarrMlt;
siT§iTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenH KW 5 qñaM EdlCaGMLúgeBlénGaCJayukalénkarrMlt;siT§ielIbMNulTUeTA .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 560 nig maRta 561 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 43 dl; maRta 49 énRkwt-c,ab; elx 38
Rk>c/ maRta 1019 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1599 nig maRta 1626 énRkmrdæb,evNI
)araMg/ maRta 434 dl; maRta 443 énRkmrdæb,evNIGløWm:g;
maRta 532>- siT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;Gñklk;siT§iGñkdéT

1-RbsinebIGñklk;min)andwgfa siT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijminEmnCa
rbs;xøÜn enAeBleFVIkic©snüaeT ehIyminGacTTYlyksiT§ienaHedIm,IepÞreTA[Gñk
Tij)aneT Gñklk;GacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an EtRtUvsgkarxUcxat .
2-kñúgkrNIénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIenAeBleFVIkic©snüa Gñk
Tij)andwgfa siT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijminEmnCasiT§irbs;Gñklk;eT Gñk
lk;GacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an edaymincaM)ac;sgkarxUcxat .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ Gñklk;)anyl;RcLMfa vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;CakmμsiT§irbs;xøÜn b:uEnþ tamkarBit vtßúenaH
13
Carbs;GñkdéT . kñúgkrNIenH dUcEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRtamunenH Gñklk;mankrNIykic©eFVIlT§kmμnUv
kmμsiT§ielIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH ehIyepÞrkmμsiT§ienaHeTA[GñkTij . b:uEnþ RbsinebIminGaceFVI)aneT Gñklk;
GacrMlaykic©snüaedIm,I[rYcputBIkrNIykic©epÞrsiT§ienaH)an edaymanl½kçx½NÐsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat
EdlxøÜnRtUvsg tambBaØtþiénmaRta 531 munenH . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTijdwgenAeBleFVIkic©snüafa vtßúenaH
CakmμsiT§irbs;ttiyCn ¬Tuc©rit¦ GñkTijminTTYlkarxUcxatEdlmkBIehtuEdlvtßúenaHCakmμsiT§irbs;ttiyCn
eT ehtudUecñH Gñklk;GacrMlaynUvkic©snüa)an edaymincaM)ac;sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 533>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanacMeBaHkrNIEdlsiT§imYyPaKCasiT§i

rbs;GñkdéT
1-kñúgkrNIsiT§imYyPaKkñúgcMeNamsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij KWCa
siT§irbs;GñkdéTehIyebIGñklk;minGacTTYlsiT§iénPaKenaHedIm,IepÞreTA[GñkTij
)aneT GñkTijGacTamTar[bnßynUvtémø tamsmamaRténPaKenaH)an .
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebI enAeBl
eFVIkic©snüa GñkTijmin)andwgfa PaKxVHenaHminEmnCarbs;Gñklk;eT ehIyebI
TTYlsÁal;fa GñkTijnwgminTijEtPaKEdlsl;Etb:ueNÑaHeT GñkTijenaHGac
rMlaykic©snüa)an .
3-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH ebIenA
eBleFVIkic©snüa GñkTijmin)andwgfa siT§imYyPaKenaH minEmnCarbs;Gñklk;eT
GñkTijk¾GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)anEdr .
4-siT§iEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2 nig TI 3 xagelIenH RtUvGnuvtþ
kñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdlGñkTij)andwgkarBit kñúgkrNI
Edl enAeBleFVIkic©snüa GñkTijmin)andwgfa siT§imYyPaKkñúgcMeNamsiT§iEdl
Cakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij minEmnCarbs;Gñklk;eT b¤ Kitcab;BIeBleFVIkic©snüa
kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTij)andwgfa siT§imYyPaKkñúgcMeNamsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkar
14
lk;TijminEmnCarbs;Gñklk; enAeBleFVIkic©snüa .
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgkrNIsiT§imYyPaKkñúgcMeNamsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij KWCasiT§irbs;GñkdéT ehIyebIGñklk;min
GacTTYlsiT§iénPaKenaHedIm,IepÞreTA[GñkTij)aneT krNIenHKWCakarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©mYyPaKrbs;Gñklk;
ehtudUecñH bBaØtþiénmaRta 531 RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHPaKEdlminRtUv)anGnuvtþenaH . b:uEnþ krNIenHminEmn
CakarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©TaMgRsugeT ehtudUecñH karTTYlsÁal;[rMlaykic©snüaTaMgmUledaysV½yRbvtþi min
manPaBsmrmüeT . GaRs½yehtuenH maRtaenHEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ GñkTijGacTamTar[bnßynUv
éfølk;Tij rhUtdl;témøénPaKIEdlRtUv)anepÞreTAGñkTijenaHedaymansuBlPaB ehIyTTYlsÁal;krNIelIk
ElgEdlGñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüaTaMgmUl EtkñúgkrNIEdleKalbMNgkñúgkareFVIkic©snüalk;TijminGac
seRmc)an edayPaKEdlRtUv)anepÞreTAGñkTij ehIyGñkTijmanPaBsucritb:ueNÑaH . müa:geTot GñkTij
sucritk¾GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatpgEdr b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijTamTarTaMgkarbnßyéfølk;Tij nig
sMNgkarxUcxat GñkTijminGacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat cMeBaHplRbeyaCn_EdlGñkTijGacTTYl)an
RbsinebIxøÜneFVIlT§kmμsiT§iTaMgmUl ¬plRbeyaCn_BIkarGnuvt¦ )aneT GacTamTarRKan;EtsMNgénkarxUcxat
cMeBaHplRbeyaCn_BICMenOb:ueNÑaH edaysarGñkTijenaHmin)anbg;éfølk;TijCafñÚrnwgsiT§iTaMgmUl .
kfaxNÐTI 4 kMNt;GMLúgeBlsRmab;eRbIsiT§iTamTar[bnßyéfølk;Tij siT§irMlay nig siT§iTamTar
sMNgkarxUcxat xøICagkrNIFmμtaénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1064 énRkmrdæb,eNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 562 nig maRta 564 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta
1636 nig maRta 1637 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 534>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanakñúgkrNIEdlmansiT§iRbtükSCa
plubePaK CaGaT×
1-kñúgkrNIEdlkmμvtßúénkarlk;TijP¢ab;CamYysiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ plubePaK
siT§ieRbIR)as; siT§iGaRs½yenA esvPaB siT§iCYl siT§iXat;Tuk b¤ siT§ielIkarbBa©aM
sRmab;ttiyCn ehIyebIGñkTijminGaceRbIR)as; b¤ TTYl plBIkmμvtßúTaMgmUl b¤
mYyEpñk edaysarGtßPi aBénsiTei§ naH GñkTijEdlmin)andwgGMBGI tßPi aBénsiTei§ naH
15
enAeBleFVIkic©snüa GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatBIGñklk;)an .2
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIeKalbMNg
énkics
© nüaminGacseRmc)an edaysarGtßPi aBénsiTei§ naH GñkTijEdlmin)andwg
GMBIGtßiPaBénsiT§ienaHenAeBleFVIkic©snüa k¾GacrMlaykic©snüa)anEdr .
3-bBaØtiþénkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþpgEdr cMeBaH
krNIEdlesvPaBEdlRtUvmansRmab;GclnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij Ebr
CaKμaneTAvij .
4-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2 b¤ TI 3 xagelIenH
karrMlaykic©snüa b¤ karTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat RtUveFVIeLIgkñúgGMLúgeBl 1
¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdlGñkTij)andwgkarBit .
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgkrNIEdlvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;TijP¢ab;CamYysiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ plubePaK siT§ieRbIR)as; siT§iGaRs½y
enA esvPaB siT§iCYl siT§iXat;Tuk b¤ siT§ielIkarbBa©aM sRmab;ttiyCn ehIyebIGñkTijminGaceRbIR)as; b¤
TTYlplBIkmμvtßúTaMgmUl b¤ mYyEpñk edaysarGtßiPaBénsiT§ienaH manTMnak;TMngRsedogKñanwgkrNIEdlsiT§i
mYyPaK ¬tambrimaN¦ CasiT§irbs;GñkdéT ehtudUecñH Gñklk;RtUYvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana Rbhak;RbEhl
KñanwgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 533 .
kñúgkrNIEdlesvPaBEdlRtUvmansRmab;GclnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij EbrCaKμaneTAvij k¾dUcKña
nwgkrNIEdlmanbnÞúkénsiT§iRbtükSeRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl Rtg;cMNucfa kareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl
EdlGñkTijsgÇwmcMeBaHvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú RtUv)anraraMg ehtudUecñH RtUvGnuelameTAtambBaØtþidUcKña .
kfaxNÐTI 4 EcgGMBIGMLúgeBlxøIsRmab;eRbIsiT§i dUckrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 533 .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 566 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1636 nig maRta 1638 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 535>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana kñúgkrNIEdlmansiT§iR)atiePaK

RbtükS
2
16
1-kñúgkrNIEdlmanÉksiT§i b¤ siT§ielIkarbBa©aMEdlkMNt;fa m©as;bMNul
mineRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl b¤ manhuIbU:EtkEdl)andak;elIGclnvtßúEdlCa
kmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij enAeBlEdlGñkTij)an)at;bg;kmμsiT§ielIGclnvtßúenaH
edaysarsiT§iR)atiePaKRbtükSenaHRtUv)anGnuvtþ GñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTij)aneFVIkarcMNayedIm,IrkSakmμsiT§i GñkTijGac
TamTar[Gñklk;sgéføcMNayenaHmkvij)an .
3-kñúgkrNINamYyEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH
RbsinebIGñkTij)anTTYlkarxUcxat GñkTijGacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH
)an .
4-RbsinebIGñkTij )anTijGclnvtßúEdlP¢ab;siT§iR)atiePaKRbtükSEdl
)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH kñúgtémøEdl)andkecjnUvcMnYnTwk
R)ak;énsiT§ielIbMNulEdlRtUv)anFanaedaysiT§iR)atiePaKRbtükSenaHrYcehIy
GñkTijenaHBuMmansiT§idUc)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2 nig TI 3 xagelIenH
eLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
GtßiPaBénsiT§iR)atiePaKEdlm©as;siT§iR)atiePaKminkan;kab;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú minraraMgkareRbIR)as; nig
GaRs½yplBIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH b:uEnþ RbsinebIsiT§iR)atiePaKenaHRtUv)anGnuvtþ GñkTijRtUv)at;bg;kmμsiT§ielI
vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH . RbsinebIGñkTij)anTijGclnvtßúkñúgtémøEdldkcMnYnTwkR)ak;énsiT§ielIbMNulEdl
RtUv)anFanaedaysiT§iR)atiePaKenaHBItémøénGclnvtßú GñkTijenaHminTTYlkarxUcxatGVIeT b:uEnþ RbsinebI
GñkTijenaH)anTijGclnvtßúenaH edayykkarrMlt;siT§iR)atiePaKenaH edaykarsgcMeBaHsiT§ielIbMNulEdl
RtUv)anFanaedayGñklk; CaGaT× mkeFVICabuerl½kçx½NÐ GñkTijenaHnwgTTYlkarxUcxatEdlxøÜnminGac
Büakr)an edaysarkar)at;bg;kmμsiT§iedaykaGnuvtþsiT§iR)atiePaK . edIm,IsRmbsRmYlplRbeyaCn_rvag
Gñklk; nig GñkTijenAkñúgkrNIenH maRtaenHEcgGMBIviFIse®gÁaHdUcCakarrMlaykic©snüa karsgéføcMNay
mkvij nig karTamTarsMNgkarxUcxat .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
17
maRta 536>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanakñúgkarlk;edaybgçM
1-GñkEdl)anTijtamry³karlk;edaybgçM GacrMlaykic©snüacMeBaHkUn
bMNul b¤ TamTar[bnßytémø)an edayGnuelameTAtambBaØtþiBImaRta 531
¬krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;¦ dl;maRta
535 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana kñúgkrNIEdlmansiT§iR)atiePaKRbtükS¦ én
RkmenH .
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIkUnbMNul
sßitkñúgPaBGsaFnIy GñkTijGacTamTar[m©as;bMNulEdl)anTTYlcMENkén
éfølk; sgR)ak;Edl)anmkBIkarlk;enaHTaMgGs; b¤ mYyPaKvij)an .
3-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH RbsinebI
kUnbMNul)andwgGMBIGtßiPaBénehtu EdlkøayCamUlehtuénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúg
karFana ehIymin)anCUndMNwgeTAsßab½nEdlGnuvtþkarlk;edaybgçMeT b¤ m©as;
bMNul)andwgehIy EtenAEtTamTar[lk;edaybgçM GñkTijGacTamTarnUvsMNg
énkarxUcxatBIGñkTaMgenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgkrNIénkarlk;edaybgçM vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúRtUv)anlk;edaypÞúynwgqnÞ³rbs;kUnbMNul ehtudUecñH
RtUvKitBicarNaGMBIPaBRtwmRtUv b¤ minRtwmRtUvénkartRmUv[kUnbMNul ¬kmμsiT§ikrénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú CaGaT×¦
TTYlxusRtUv dUcKñanwgkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñklk;enAkñúgkrNIénkarlk;TijFmμta . b:uEnþ cMeBaHGñkTijvij
KμanmUlehtuGVIkñúgkarTTYlkarcat;EcgepSgBIGñkTijenAkñúgkarlk;Tijedaysμ½RKcitþ edaysarKμanPaBxusKña
Rtg;cMNucfa min)aneFVIlT§kmμnUvsiT§iEdlxøÜnsgÇwmfa GacTTYl)an . müa:geTot RbsinebIvtßú b¤ siT§iEdlman
vikar³ RtUv)anlk;kñúgtémøénvtßúEdlKμanvikar³ ehIyR)ak;Edl)anmkBIkarlk; RtUv)anEckcMENk[eTAm©as;
bMNul kUnbMNulnwgTTYlplRbeyaCn_hYsehtu ¬karrlt;katBVkic©¦ ehtudUecñH kartRmUv[kUnbMNulTTYl
xusRtUvkñúgkarFana dUcGñklk;enAkñúgkrNIénkarlk;Tijedaysμ½RKcitþ mansmPaBpgEdr . kñúgkrNIenH
plRbeyaCn_Edl)anmkBIehtuEdlvtßú b¤ siT§ienaHRtUv)anlk;kñúgtémøéføhYsehtu RtUv)anTTYleday
Rbeyal edaym©as;bMNulEdl)anTTYlkarEckcMENk ehtudUecñH maRtaenHEcgfa RbsinebIkUnbMNulsßitenA
kñúgsßanPaBGsaFnIy GñkTijGacTamTar[m©as;bMNulEdl)anTTYlcMENkénéfølk; sgplRbeyaCn_enaH .
18
müa:geTot maRtaenHtRmUv[m©as;bMNulEdl)andak;BaküsuM[lk;edaybgçM edaydwgGMBIGtßiPaBénvikar³ TTYl
xusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxatpgEdr .
müa:geTot maRtaenHEcgfa bBaØtþisþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana kñúgkrNIEdlmanvikar³énsiT§i cMeBaH
vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanakñúgkrNIdkhUtsiT§i garantie d'éviction¦ ¬maRta
531 dl;maRta 535¦ RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHkrNIénkarlk;edaybgçM b:uEnþ bBaØtþiénmaRtaenH minmann½y
fa bBaØtþiénmaRta 540 GMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavika³énvtßú minRtUvykmkGnuvtþenaHeLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 537>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;siT§ielIbMNul

1-Gñklk;siT§ielIbMNulRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGtßiPaBénsiT§ielIbMNul
enaH .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;siT§ielIbMNul)anFanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNul
enaHRtUvsnμtfa )anFanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNulEdlmanenAeBleFVIkic©snüa
enaH .
3-kñgú krNIEdlGñklk;sTi i§elIbN
M ulEdlminTan;dl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg
)anFanasaFnPaBGnaKtrbs;kUnbMNul enaHRtUvsnμtfa )anFanasaFnPaB
rbs;kUnbMNulenAeBlkMNt;RtUvsg .
¬kMNt;¦
Gñklk;siT§ielIbMNul RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGtßiPaBénsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij b:uEnþ CaeKalkarN_
minRtUvTTYlxusRtUvGMBIehtuEdlkUnbMNuleFVI b¤ mineFVIkarsgCak;EsþgcMeBaHsiT§ielIbMNulenaH . kñúgkrNI
EdlGñklk;)anFanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNulenAkñúgkic©snüalk;Tij CaFmμta eKGacKitfa Gñklk;RKan;Et
FanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNulenAeBleFVIkic©snüab:ueNÑaH ehIyGñklk;enaHKμanqnÞ³TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkar
pøas;bþÚrsaFnPaBenAeBleRkay ehtudUecñH bBaØtþisnμtdUecñaH RtUv)anerobcMeLIg . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;
siT§ielIbMNulEdlminTan;dl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg )anFanasaFnPaBGnaKtrbs;kUnbMNul enaHRtUvsnμtfa
Gñklk;manqnÞ³FanasaFnPaBrbs;kUnbMNulenAeBlkMNt;RtUvsg .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
19
maRta 538>- karRBmeRBogKñakñúgkarGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúg

karFana
eTaHbICamankarRBmeRBogKñakñúgkarGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUv
kñúgkarFanaEdlGñklk;RtUvman tambBaØtþiBImaRta 531 ¬krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i
nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;¦ dl;maRta 537 ¬karTTYlxusRtUv
kñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;siT§ielIbMNul¦ énRkmenH k¾eday k¾Gñklk;minGacrYc
putBIkarTTYlxusRtUv)anEdr cMeBaHehtukarN_EdlGñklk;)andwgEtmin)anpþl;
dMNwg b¤ siT§iEdlxøÜn)anbegáItsRmab;ttiyCn b¤ )aneFVIGnub,TaneTAttiyCn .
¬kMNt;¦
bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 531 dl; maRta 537 Edl)anEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana KWCabBaØtþi
EdlminRtUvGnuvtþdac;xateT ehIykarsnüaBiessEdlbnßy b¤ GnueRKaHkarTTYlxusRtUvenH mansuBlPaB .
b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;dwgGMBIGtßiPaBénvikar³ Etmin)anpþl;dMNwg b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;begáItvikar³eday
pÞal;xøÜn karrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvedayykkarRBmeRBogGMBIbnßy b¤ GnueRKaHkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana
mkeFVICamUlehtu minRtUv)anGnuBaØateLIy edaysarpÞúynwgeKalkarN_énPaBsucrit nig PaBesμaHRtg; .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 539>- krNIykic©pþl;vtßúEdlKμanvikar³
1-Gñklk;RtUvmankrNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlKμanvikar³[eTAGñkTij .
2-elIkElgEtKUPaKI)ankMNt;epSg vtßEú dl)anRbKl;[eTAGñkTijman
lkçN³NamYydUcxageRkamenH RtUv)ancat;Tukfa manvikar³ ³
k-vtßúenaHmanPaBminRsbnwgcMnYn KuNPaB nig lkçN³Edl)an
kMNt;kñúgkic©snüa .
x-vtßeú naHmanPaBepSgBIKrM UEdlGñklk;)anbgðaj[GñkTijemIlcMeBaH
cMnYn KuNPaB nig lkçN³ .
20
K-vtßeú naHminRsbnwgviFeI RbIEdlGñklk;RtUv)anbgðaj edayCak;lak; b¤
edaytuNðIPaB enAeBleFVIkic©snüa .3
X-vtßúenaHminRsbnwgviFIeRbIFmμtaénvtßúRbePTdUcKña .
g-vtßúenaHminRtUv)anx©b;tamviFIFmμtaénkarx©b;vtßúRbePTdUcKña b¤ tamviFI
smrmüedIm,IkarBarvtßúenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
edayeyageTAtammaRta 35 énGnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatisþIBIkic©snüalk;TijTMnijCaGnþrCati
¬United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, CISG¦ eTaHbICavtßúEdlCakmμvtßú
énkarlk;TijenaHCavtßúkMNt;Cak;lak;EdlminGacmanrbs;CMnYsk¾eday vtßúEdlmin)ankMNt;Cak;lak;k¾eday
k¾Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RbKl;nUvvtßúEdlKμanvikar³eTA[GñkTijEdr . kñúgkrNIEdlvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúmanvikar³
eTaHbICaGñklk;manehtuEdlnaM[mankarTTYlxusRtUvk¾eday Kμank¾eday k¾GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñklk;
GnuvtþeBjelj [rMlaykic©snüa nig¼b¤ [bnßynUvtémøTij tambBaØtþicab;BImaRtaxageRkameTA)anEdr .
kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;manehtuEdlnaM[mankarTTYlxusRtUv Gñklk;enaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgén
karxUcxat edaysarkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©pgEdr edayeyagtammaRta 398 .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 35 én GnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatisþIBIkic©snüalk;TijTMnijCaGnþrCati ¬United Nations
Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, CISG¦/ maRta 570 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un
maRta 540>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³

1-enAeBlEdlhaniP½yRtUvepÞreTAGñkTij ebIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;
Tijmanvikar³ eTaHbICavikar³enHRtUv)andwgc,as;enAeRkayeBlEdlhaniP½yRtUv
)anepÞrk¾eday k¾Gñklk;RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarRbKl;vtßúCMnYs karCYsCulvikar³
karrMlaykics© nüa b¤ karbnßynUvtémø Rsbtamkics© nüa nig bBaØtéiþ nRkmenHEdr .
2-eTaHbICavikar³ekIteLIgenAeRkayeBlEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xag
elIenHk¾eday RbsinebIvikar³enaH)anekIteLIgedaysarGñklk;eFVIxusnwgkrNIykic©
3
cMNuc K kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 539 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .
21
rbs;xøÜn k¾Gñklk;RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³ dUcbBaØtiéþ nkfaxNÐTI 1 xag
elIenHEdr .
3-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;Fanafa vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;enaHRtUvRsb
nwgeKalbMNgFmμta b¤ eKalbMNgBiess kñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;eRkay
BIkarRbKl; b¤ Fanafa vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaHRtUvrkSaTuknUvKuNPaBBiess b¤
lkçN³BiessdEdl kñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;eRkayBIkarRbKl; ehIyebI
mankarbMBanelIkarFanaenaH Gñklk;RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³dUcKñaEdr .
4-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTij)andwg b¤ min)andwgedaysarkMhusF¶n;F¶rrbs;
xøÜnGMBIvikar³énvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH enAeBleFVIkic©snüalk;Tij Gñklk;minRtUv
TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³enaHeT .
¬kMNt;¦
karvinicä½yfa man b¤ Kμanvikar³ RtUveFVItammaRta 36 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 35 énGnusBaØarbs;
GgÁkarshRbCaCatisþIBIkic©snüalk;TijTMnijCaGnþrCati ¬CISG¦ edayykeBlepÞrhaniP½y ¬eBlRbKl;
vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú¦ mkeFVICamUldæan KWminEmnykeBleFVIkic©snüa mkeFVICamUldæaneT ¬edayminEbgEckfa Ca
GlT§PaBtaMgBIdMbUg b¤ CaGlT§PaBeRkayeBleFVIkic©snüaeT¦ . ehtudUecñH bBaØtþiénmaRtaenH RtUvykmk
GnuvtþminEmnEtcMeBaHvikar³EdlmanGtßiPaBenAeBleFVIkic©snüab:ueNÑaHeT RBmTaMgcMeBaHvikar³EdlekIteLIg
kñúgGMLúgeBleRkayeBleFVIkic©snüa rhUtdl;RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúpgEdr . müa:geTot karvinicä½yfa
GñkTijmanPaBsucrit b¤ Tuc©ritvij ¬vikar³Ca {vikar³kM)aMg} b¤ minEmn¦ RtUveFVIedayykeBlEdleFVIkic©snüa
mkeFVICamUldæan .
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 man]TahrN_dUcCa Gñklk;)anRbKl;man;EdlmanpÞúkCm¶Wqøg EtminTan;ekItCm¶WenA
eLIyeTA[GñkTij ehIyeRkayBI)anRbKl; man;enaHekItCm¶Wqøg ehIy)anqøgeTAman;epSgeTot CaGaT× .
mann½yfa vikar³EdlmanGtßiPaBenAmuneBlRbKl; )anecjCak;lak; eRkayeBlRbKl; .
RbsinebIGñkTij)andwgCamunfa vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúTijenaHmanvikar³ xøÜnc,as;Ca)anTijkñúgtémøefakCag
Fmμta ehtudUecñH GñkTijenaHminGacTamTar[Gñklk;TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFananUvvikar³enaH)aneT . kar
bBa¢ak;GMBIPaBTuc©ritrbs;GñkTij CakarBi)akNas; ehtudUecñH kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmin)andwgGMBIvikar³enaH
edaykMhusF¶n;F¶r k¾minGacTamTar[Gñklk;TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³enHEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
22
maRta 36 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 35 én GnusBaØarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatisþIBIkic©snüalk;Tij
TMnijCaGnþrCati ¬United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, CISG¦/ maRta
570 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un
maRta 541>- siT§iCYsCulrbs;Gñklk;

1-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;RbKl;vtßúEdlmanvikar³muneBlkMNt;RtUvRbKl;
Gñklk;enaHGacCYsCulvikar³rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;enaH)an luHRtaEtminbNþal
[xUcxatplRbeyaCn_hYsehtudl;GñkTij . b:uEnþ GñkTijminRtUv)anraraMgkñúg
karGnuvtþsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy .
2-eTaHbICaeRkayeBlkMNt;RtUvRbKl;k¾eday Gñklk;GacCYsCulvikar³
TaMgGs;edayecjcMNayedayxøÜnÉg)an luHRtaEtminbNþal[mankarxUcxat
plRbeyaCn_hYsehtudl;GñkTij . b:uEnþ GñkTijminRtUv)anraraMgkñúgkarGnuvtþ
siT§irMlay nig siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy .
maRta 542>- siT§iTamTar[GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;GñkTij

1-GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñklk;GnuvtþkrNIykic©)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHmin
RtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñkTijTamTarkarse®gÁaHEdlminsmRsb
nwgkarTamTar[GnuvtþkrNIykic©enaH .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlkmμvtßúénkarlk;Tijmanvikar³ GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñk
lk;RbKl;vtßúCMnYsEdlKμanvikar³)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy
cMeBaHkrNIEdlkarerobcMvtßúEdlmanRbePTdUcKña edayGñklk;nwgbegáItbnÞúk
minsmrmühYsehtu edayKitBicarNanUvkal³eTs³CuMvijTaMgLay .
3-kñúgkrNIEdlkmμvtßúénkarlk;Tijmanvikar³ GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñk
lk;Cs Y CulvtßEú dlCakmμvtßeú naH)an . b:uEnþ bBaØteiþ nHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy
cMeBaHkrNIEdlkarCYsCulvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúedayGñklk; nwgbegáItbnÞúkminsmrmü
hYsehtu edayKitBicarNanUvkal³eTs³CuMvijTaMgLay .
23
4-GñkTijGackMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmübEnßmedIm,I[Gñklk;GnuvtþkrNIykic©
)an . GñkTijminGacTamTarkarse®gÁaHcMeBaHkarbMBankic©snüakñúgGMLúgeBlenHeT
elIkElgEtkrNIEdlGñkTijTTYldMNwgBIGñklk;fa Gñklk;minGnuvtþkrNIykic©
rbs;xøÜnkñúgGMLúgeBlenaH . b:uEnþ GñkTijminRtUv)at;bg;siT§iTamTarsMNgkarxUc
xatEdl)anekIteLIgedaysarkaryWtya:vkñúgkarGnuvtþkrNIykic© tameBlkMNt;
edImeT .
¬kMNt;¦
kar {TamTarkarse®gÁaHEdlminsmRsbnwgkarTamTar[GnuvtþkrNIykic©enaH} enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 man
n½yfa karTamTar[rMlay b¤ [bnßynUvtémølk; .
maRta 543>- siT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;GñkTij

kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijminGacseRmceKalbMNgénkic©snüalk;Tij)an
edaysarvtßúEdlRtUv)anRbKl;manvikar³ GñkTijenaHGacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIénkarlk;TijeRKOgcRk ¬m:UtU¦ RbsinebIeRKOgcRkenaHmankmøaMgexSayCagl½kçx½NÐ
Edlmankñúgkic©snüa ehIyGñkTijminGaceRbItambMNgrbs;xøÜn)aneT enaHGñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüa
lk;TijenHtammaRtaenH ehIyGaceTATijeRKOgcRkEdlmanKuNPaBl¥BIGñkepSgvij edaymincaM)ac;eRbI
eBlevlaEvgedIm,ICYsCuleRKOgcRkenaH .
maRta 544>- siT§iTamTar[bnßyéfølk;rbs;GñkTij

kñúgkrNIvtßúEdlRtUv)anRbKl;manvikar³ eTaHbICaéfølk;RtUv)anbg;rYc
ehIyk¾eday b¤ minTan;bg;k¾eday k¾GñkTijGacTamTarbnßyéfølk;enaH tam
smamaRténPaBxusKñaenAeBlRbKl;rvagtémøénvtßúEdlKμanvikar³ nig témøénvtßú
EdlRtUv)anRbKl;)anEdr . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;CYsCulvikar³enaHeday
RsbeTAtammaRta 542 ¬siT§iTamTar[GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;GñkTij¦ énRkmenH
b¤ krNIEdlGñkTijminRBmTTYlesckþIesñIpþl;karCYsCulrbs;Gñklk;edayKμan
24
mUlehtuRtwmRtUv enaHGñkTijminGacTamTar[bnßyéfølk;)aneLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
Ca]TahrN_ PaKI)aneFVIkic©snüalk;TijnUvvtßúmYytémø 1 mWunerol edayykehtuEdlKμanvikar³mkeFVICa
mUldæan b:uEnþ tamkarBiteTA vtßúenaHmanvikar³kM)aMgvij ehIymantémøEt 8 Ban;erolb:ueNÑaH . kñúgkrNIenH
eTaHbICaGñklk;manehtu b¤ KμanehtuEdlnaM[mankarTTYlxusRtUvk¾eday k¾GñkTijGacTamTar[bnßy
éfølk;mkRtwm 8 Ban;erol)anEdr ¬RbsinebIGñkTij)anbg;éføTijehIy GacTamTar[Gñklk;sg 2 Ban;
erolvij)an¦ . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;)anCYsCulvikar³vij éfølk;minRtUvcuHbnßyeT . kñúgkrNIEdl
GñkTij)anRbEkkmin[Gñklk;CYsCulvikar³vij edayKμanehtuplRtwmRtUv k¾minGacbnßytémø)anEdr .
maRta 545>- siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;GñkTij

GñkTijminRtUv)anraraMgkñúgkarTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedayRsbeTA
tambBaØtþiénEpñkTI 3 ¬sMNgénkarxUcxat¦ CMBUkTI 4 énKnßITI 4 edayminGnuvtþ b¤
edayGnuvtþRBmKñanUvsiT§iEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgbBaØtþiBImaRta 542 ¬siT§iTamTar[
GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;GñkTij¦ dl;maRta 544 ¬siT§iTamTar[bnßyéfølk;rbs;
GñkTij¦ énRkmenHeT .
maRta 546>- bBaØtþiBiesssþIBIdIEdlmanTMhMxVH b¤ elIs

1-cMeBaHdIEdl)ankMNt;Cak;lak;NamYy kñúgkrNIEdlkarlk;TijRtUv
)aneFVIeLIgedaybBa¢ak;TMhM nig kMNt;nUvtémøtamxñatdIc,as;las; EttamkarBit
TMhMdIEdlmanenaHminRKb;nwgTMhMEdl)anbBa¢ak; GñkTijGacTamTar[Gñklk;
pþl;tavkaliknUvEpñkEdlxVH b¤ bnßynUvtémødIenaHeTAtamTMhMdIEdlxVH b¤ rMlay
kic©snüa nig TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat tambBaØtþiBImaRta 542 ¬siT§iTamTar[
GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;GñkTij¦ dl;maRta 545 ¬siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat
rbs;GñkTij¦ énRkmenH)an elIkElgEtmankarRBmeRBogepSgrvagPaKI .
)aneFVIeLIgedaybBa¢ak;TMhM nig kMNt;nUvtémø tamxñatdIc,as;las; Ettamkar Bit
25
TMhMdIEdlmanenaHelIsBITMhMEdl)anbBa¢ak; Gñklk;Edlmin)andwgGMBIkar
elIsTMhMenaH ehIyBuMmankMhuskñúgkarmin)andwgenaH GacTamTar[GñkTij
bEnßmtémødIEdlelIsenaH)an elIkElgEtmankarRBmeRBogepSgrvagPaKI .
)aneFVIeLIgedaybBa¢ak;TMhM nig kMNt;EttémødITaMgmUl eTaHbICaTMhMdIenaHmin
RKb;nwgTMhMEdl)anbBa¢ak;k¾eday k¾GñkTijminGacTamTar[Gñklk;pþl;tavka-
liknUvEpñkEdlxVH b¤ bnßynUvtémødIenaHeTAtamTMhMdIEdlxVH b¤ rMlaykic©snüa b¤
TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy
cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñklk;)andwgGMBIkarxVHTMhMdIenaH b¤ krNIEdlGñklk;)anFana
nUvTMhMdIenaH b¤ krNIEdlTMhMxVHenaHeRcInCag 1 PaK 20 ¬mYyPaKémÖ¦ .
)aneFVIeLIgedaybBa¢ak;TMhM nig kMNt;EttémødITaMgmUl eTaHbICatamkarBitTMhMdI
EdlmanenaHelIsBITMhMEdl)anbBa¢ak;k¾eday k¾Gñklk;minGacTamTar[Gñk
TijbEnßmtémødI)aneLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNI
EdlTMhMelIsenaHeRcInCag 1 PaK 20 ¬mYyPaKémÖ¦ ehIyGñklk;min)andwgGMBI
karelIsTMhM nig BuMmankMhuskñúgkarmin)andwgenaH .
5-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;TamTarbEnßmtémø tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2 b¤
kfaxNÐTI 4 énmaRtaenH GñkTijGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .
maRta 547>- GMLúgeBlEdlGacGnuvtþsiT§i

1-siT§iEdl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRta 542 ¬siT§iTamTar[GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;
GñkTij¦ dl;maRta 544 ¬siT§iTamTar[bnßyéfølk;rbs;GñkTij¦ nig maRta 546
¬bBaØtþiBiesssþIBIdIEdlmanTMhMxVH b¤ elIs¦ énRkmenH RtUvGnuvtþenAkñúgGMLúg
eBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM . b:uEnþ cMeBaHsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatEdl)ankMNt;
enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig vaküxNÐTI 2 kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 546 ¬bBaØtþiBiess
26
sþIBIdIEdlmanTMhMxVH b¤ elIs¦ RtUvGnuelamtambBaØtþiénmaRta 482 ¬GMLúgeBl
énGaCJayukalénkarrMlt;siT§ielIbMNulTUeTA¦ énRkmenH .
2-GMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;kñúgvaküxNÐTI 1 énkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH
RtUvKitcab;taMgBIeBlEdlGñkTij)andwg b¤ KYr)andwgGMBIvikar³ nig karxUcxat
rIÉGñklk;vij RtUvKitcab;taMgBIeBleFVIkic©snüa .
maRta 548>- kic©snüaBiessEdlGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar

Fanavikar³
eTaHbICamankarRBmeRBogGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana
vikar³EdlGñklk;RtUvman tambBaØtþiénmaRta 540 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana
vikar³¦ énRkmenH k¾eday cMeBaHvikar³EdlGñklk;)andwg Etmin)anR)ab;eT k¾Gñk
lk;enHminGacykkarRBmeRBogGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvenaH mk
GHGag)aneLIy .
maRta 549>- krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú

1-Gñklk;RtUvmankrNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúeTA[GñkTij tam
kalbriecäT nig tamTIkEnøgEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkic©snüa .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlkMNt;EteBlRtUvbg;éfølk;b:ueNÑaH enaHRtUvsnμtfa eBl
kMNt;énkarRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú k¾dUceBlkMNt;énkarbg;éfølk;Edr .
3-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;kalbriecäTEdlRtUvRbKl;pg min)ankMNt;
kalbriecäTEdlRtUvbg;éfølk;pg Gñklk;mankrNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú
eTA[GñkTij enAeBlEdlGñkTijTamTar[RbKl; .
4-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;TIkEnøgEdlRtUvRbKl;eT cMeBaHkarlk;vtßú
Edl)ankMNt;Cak;lak; Gñklk;RtUvRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenATIkEnøgEdlvtßú
enaHsßitenA enAeBleFVIkic©snüa nig cMeBaHkrNIeRkABIenH RtUvRbKl;vtßúEdlCa
kmμvtßúenaH enAlMenAzanrbs;GñkTij .
27
5-Gñklk;RtUvecjesah‘uysRmab;RbKl; elIkElgEtmankarRBmeRBog
KñaBiess . b:uEnþ RbsinebIesah‘uyRbKl;enaHekIneLIgedaysarGñkTij)anbþÚr
lMenAzan b¤ edaysarGMeBIGVImYyrbs;GñkTij GñkTijRtUvTTYlbnÞúkbg;nUvcMnYn
kMeNInénesah‘uyenH .
maRta 550>- viFIRbKl;

karRbKl;vtßúRtUveFVIeLIgtamviFIRbKl;kmμvtßúedayCak;Esþg viFIRbKl;eday
segçb viFIepÞrkarkan;kab;edaybBa¢a b¤ viFIbþÚrlkçN³énkarkan;kab; tambBaØtþién
maRta 229 ¬karepÞrkarkan;kab;¦ énRkmenH . karRbKl;GclnvtßúGaceFVIeLIg
)an edaykarRbKl;esaénGaKar b¤ RbKl;b½NÑbBa¢ak;siT§i .
maRta 551>- siT§itva:[GnuvtþRBmKña nig siT§itva:edaymankar)armÖ

1-Gñklk;GacRbEkkminRBmepÞrsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßú nig minRBmRbKl;vtßú
EdlCakmμvtßúeTAGñkTij)an rhUtdl;eBlEdlGñkTij)anpþl;karsg cMeBaH
katBVkic©bg;éfølk; . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdl
katBVkic©rbs;GñkTijenaH BMuTan;dl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg b¤ krNIEdlmankarRBm
eRBogKñaGMBIkarGnuvtþkrNIykic©epÞrsiT§i b¤ katBVkic©RbKl;Camun .
2-eTaHbICaGñklk;)anGnuBaØat[GñkTijmaneBlkMNt;edIm,Isgéføkmμvtßú
k¾eday RbsinebIGñkTij)ankS½yFn b¤ )ankøayeTACamankgVHnUvRTBüFn eRkay
eBleFVIkic©snüalk;Tij b¤ )anlak;nUvkgVHénRTBüFn muneBleFVIkic©snüa
k¾Gñklk;GacRbEkkminepÞrsiT§i nig minRbKl;kmμvtßúenaH)anEdr . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienH
minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñkTij)andak;R)atiePaK b¤ cat;Ecg
viFankaredIm,IrMlt;kar)armÖenaH .
maRta 552>- krNIykic©rkSaTukvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú

1-Gñklk;vtßúEdl)ankMNt;Cak;lak; RtUvrkSaTukvtßúenaHedayRbugRby½tñ
28
kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgd¾l¥ rhUtdl;eBlRbKl;vtßúenaHeTAGñkTij . bBaØtþienHRtUv
ykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHvtßúEdlminkMNt; eRkayBI)ankMNt;vtßúenaHCak;
lak;ehIy .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;)aneFVI[)at;bg; b¤ eFVI[xUcxatvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú
edaysarxøÜneFVsRbEhsmin)aneKarBkrNIykic©RtUvRbugRby½tñEdl)ankMNt;
kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH Gñklk;RtUvTTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHGñkTij tamkic©snüa
nig bBaØtþiénEpñkTI 3 ¬sMNgénkarxUcxat¦ CMBUkTI 4 KnßITI 4 énRkmenH .
maRta 553>- siT§iTTYlpl

kñúgkrNIEdlkmμvtßúénkarlk;)anbegáItplFmμCatimuneBlRbKl;eTAGñk
Tij plenHRtUvTukCakmμsiT§irbs;Gñklk; elIkElgEtmankarRBmeRBogKñaBiess
rvagKUPaKI . bBaØtþienHRtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkrNIEdlkmμvtßúén
karlk;begáItplsuIvildUcCaéføQñÜl CaGaT× .
kfaPaKTI 2 krNIykic©rbs;GñkTij
maRta 554>- krNIykic©TUeTArbs;GñkTij

GñkTijRtUvmankrNIykic©bg;éføCaR)ak;Edlsnüa nig krNIykic©TTYlvtßú
EdlxøÜn)anTij .
maRta 555>- krNIykic©bg;éføTij

1-GñkTijmankrNIykic©bg;éføTijCaR)ak;Edl)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa
tamkalbriecäT nig enATIkEnøgEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa .
2-kñgú krNIénkarlk;clnvtßEú dlmanEtkMNt;eBlénkarRbKl;clnvtßú
EdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;b:ueNÑaH b¤ kñúgkrNIénkarlk;GclnvtßúEdlmanEtkMNt;
eBlénkareFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;b:ueNÑaH
enaHRtUvsnμtfa eBlkMNt;énkarbg;éføTij k¾dUceBlkMNt;énkarRbKl; b¤ kar
29
eFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IcuHbBa¢IEdr.
3-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;eBlRbKl;clnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú b¤ eBl
eFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúpg min)ankMNt;eBlbg;
éføpg GñkTijmankrNIykic©bg;éføeTAGñklk; enAeBlEdlGñklk;TamTar[Gñk
Tijbg; .
4-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;TIkEnøgEdlRtUvbg;éføTijenAkñúgkic©snüaeT
RbsinebIkarbg;éføRtUveFVIRBmKñanwgkarRbKl;clnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú b¤ RBmKñanwg
kareFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH GñkTijRtUvbg;éfø
enATIkEnøgEdlGñklk;RtUvRbKl;clnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú b¤ RtUveFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;
edIm,IcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú .
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgkrNIEdlmin)anbBa¢ak;nUvkEnøgEdlRtUvRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenAkñúgkic©snüaeT kEnøgEdlRtUvRbKl;
vtßú KWCakEnøgEdlkMNt;tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 3 maRta 549 ¬krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú¦ .
maRta 556>- karR)ak;énéføTij nig R)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxatedaysarkaryWt

ya:v
GñkTijmincaM)ac;RtUvbg;karR)ak;énéføTij b¤ R)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxat
edaysarkaryWtya:v rhUtdl;eBlEdlvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúRtUv)anRbKl;eLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
CaeKalkarN_ karRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú nig karbg;éføTij RtUvGnuvtþRBmKña ehtudUecñH GñkTijmincaM)ac;
bg;karR)ak; b¤ R)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxatedaysarkaryWtya:v rhUtdl;eBlxøÜnTTYlkarRbKl;vtßúenaH eTaHbICa
mankaryWtya:vkñúgkarGnuvtþkatBVkic©bg;éføTijk¾eday ¬cMeBaHTMnak;TMngCamYynwgsiT§iTTYlplEdlekIt
eLIgBIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú sUmemIlmaRta 553¦ . b:uEnþ PaKImanesrIPaBkñúgkarRBmeRBogxusBIenH)an .
maRta 557>- siT§ibdiesFminbg;éføTij kñúgkrNIEdlttiyCnGHGagsiT§irbs;

xøÜnelIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarlk;Tij
30
1-kñgú krNIEdlmanGñkGHGagsiTi§elIvtßEú dlCakmμvtßéú nkarlk;Tj
i ehIy
mankar)armÖfa GñkTijnwg)at;bg;nUvsiT§iTaMgGs; b¤ mYyPaKEdlxøÜn)anTijenaH
GñkTijGacbdiesFminbg;éføTijTaMgGs; b¤ mYyPaK eTAtamTMhMénhaniP½yenaH
)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñklk;)andak;
R)atiePaKsmrmü .
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH Gñklk;GacTamTar
[GñkTijtmál;éføTij)an .
maRta 558>- siT§itva:[GnuvtþRBmKña nig siT§itva:edaymankar)armÖ

1-GñkTijGacminRBmbg;éføTij)an rhUtdl;eBlEdlGñklk;)anpþl;nUv
karsgcMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn . bu:Enþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaH
krNIEdlkatBVkic©rbs;Gñklk;minTan;dl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg b¤ krNIEdlman
karRBmeRBogKñaGMBIkarGnuvtþkatBVkic©bg;éføCamun .
2-eTaHbICaGñkTij)anGnuBaØat[Gñklk;maneBlkMNt;edIm,IGnuvtþkatBVkic©
k¾eday RbsinebImankar)armÖya:gCak;Esþgfa Gñklk;nwgminGnuvtþkatBVkic©rbs;
xøÜn k¾GñkTijGacRbEkkminbg;éføTij)anEdr . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþ
eLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñklk;)andak;R)atiePaK b¤ cat;EcgviFankaredIm,IrMlt;
kar)armÖenaH .
maRta 559>- karyWty:avkñúgkarbMeBjkrNIykic©TTYl

1-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijmankaryWtya:vkñúgkarbMeBjkrNIykic©TTYl
Gñklk;GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat b¤ rMlaykic©snüa tambBaØtþiénEpñkTI 3
¬sMNgénkarxUcxat¦ nig EpñkTI 4 ¬karrMlaykic©snüa¦ CMBUkTI 4 énKnßITI 4 )an .
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH ebIvtßúEdlCa
kmμvtßúRtUv)an)at;bg; b¤ xUcxat edayKμankMhusrbs;Gñklk; GñkTijRtUvTTYl
bnÞúkhaniP½yenaH .
31
3-kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;)anpþl;nUvkarsg EtGñkTijenAEtminRBmTTYl
vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú Gñklk;Gactmál; b¤ lk;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH tambBaØtþiénmaRta
457 ¬kartmál;¦ nig maRta 458 ¬siT§ilk;edayxøÜnÉg¦ énRkmenH )an .
EpñkTI 4 karrMlaykic©snüalk;;TijedayGnuvtþsiT§ielaH
maRta 560>- karsnüaBiessénkarelaH

Gñklk;GacrMlaykic©snüalk;Tij edaysgR)ak;EdlGñkTij)anbg; nig
sgesah‘uyEdl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRta 563 ¬viFIGnuvtþsiT§ielaH¦ énRkmenH )an
edayEp¥kelIkarsnüaBiessénsiT§ielaHEdl)ankMNt;c,as;las; enAkñúglixit
énkic©snüa .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHTTYlsÁal;nUvkarbegáItkic©snüalk;TijedaymankarsnüaBiessénkarelaH kñúgeKalbMNgCa
R)atiePaK CaGaT× b:uEnþ edIm,IbgáarnUvGMeBIekgykcMeNjhYsehtu maRtaenHk¾EcgkRmitnUvesah‘uyénkarelaH
ehIyTamTar[mankic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSredIm,IeFVIkarlk;TijEdlmansiT§ielaHBiessenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
vaküxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 579 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un
maRta 561>- GMLúgeBlénkarelaH

1-GMLúgeBlénkarelaH cMeBaHGclnvtßú KWminGac[elIsBI 5 ¬R)aM¦ qñaM
)aneT cMENkÉclnvtßúvij KWminGac[elIsBI 2 ¬BIr¦ qñaM )aneT . RbsinebI
)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlEvgCagenH RtUvEtbnßykMNt;enaHedaysV½yRbvtþi mkRtwm 5
¬R)aM¦ qñaM cMeBaHGclnvtßú ehIymkRtwm 2 ¬BIr¦ qñaM vij cMeBaHclnvtßú .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlKUPaKI)ankMNt;nUvGMLúgeBlsRmab;karelaHrYcehIy KU
PaKIenaHminGacBnüarGMLúgeBl EfmeTot)aneLIy .
3-kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlsRmab;karelaHeT Gñklk;RtUv
GnuvtþsiT§ielaHenaHenAkñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH .
32
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 562>- karttaMgénkarsnüaBiessénkarelaH CaGaT×

1-GñkTijGacGnuvtþsiT§iTaMgLaykñúgnamCakmμsiT§ikr . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNI
EdlkarGnuvtþsiT§ienaH pÞúynwgGtßn½yénkarsnüaBiessénkarelaH GñkTijRtUv
TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©cMeBaHGñklk; .
2-karsnüaBiessénkarelaHnwgmanGanuPaBcMeBaHttiyCn luHRtaEt
karsnüaBiessenaHRtUv)ancuHbBa¢I RBmKñanwgkic©snüalk;Tij .
¬kMNt;¦
{ttiyCn} Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH KWCaGñkEdl)anTTYlbnþnUvvtßú nig buKÁl
Edl)anTTYlkarbegáItsiT§iR)atiePaKRbtükS b¤ siT§iRbtükSeRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl BIGñkTij .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 581 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un
maRta 563>- viFIGnuvtþsiT§ielaH

1-Gñklk;RtUvbg;éfølk; nig bg;esah‘uykñúgkareFVIkic©snüa kñúgGMLúgeBl
Edl)ankMNt; edIm,IelaHvij .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTij b¤ GñkTTYlbnþvtßúBIGñkTij )anecjcMNay
esah‘uycMeBaHvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú Gñklk;RtUvsgeTAvijnUvcMNayCacaM)ac;sRmab;
RKb;RKg nig EfrkSavtßúTaMgGs; rIÉkarcMNaybegáIntémøvij Gñklk;RtUvsgeTAGñk
TijvijnUvesah‘uyEdlGñkTij b¤ GñkTTYlbnþvtßúBIGñkTij)anecj b¤ témøR)ak;
EdlekInenaH eTAtamkareRCIserIsrbs;Gñklk; kñúgkRmitEdlkMeNIntémøenaHenA
Etman .
¬kMNt;¦
Rkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCacas; TTYlsÁal;nUvkarykkarR)ak;BIéfølk; b:uEnþ maRtaenHminTTYlsÁal;karykkar
33
R)ak;enHedaysV½yRbvtþieT edayRsbtamc,ab;énbNþaRbeTsnana ¬sUmemIlmaRta 560¦ . cMeBaHGanuPaB
énkarsnüaBiessGMBIkarbg;karR)ak; nwgGaRs½yeTAelIkarbkRsay .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 564>- karlk;vtßúEdlCakmμsiT§iGviPaK edaymankarsnüaBiessénkar

elaH
1-kñúgkrNIEdlm©as;kmμsiT§iGviPaK )anlk;vtßúrYmTaMgmUledaymankar
snüaBiessénkarelaH tamkic©snüaEtmYy ehIybuKÁlmñak;kñúgcMeNamm©as;
kmμsiT§iGviPaKTaMgGs;)anTamTar[elaHvtßúmYyPaKEdlCakmμsiT§irbs;xøÜn b¤ vtßú
TaMgmUlenaH GñkTijmincaM)ac;yl;RBmk¾)anEdr .
2-RbsinebIm©as;kmμsiT§iGviPaKTaMgGs; )anlk;PaKEdlCakmμsiT§irbs;
xøÜnmñak;²eTAGñkTijEtmñak; tamkic©snüaedayELk edaymankarsnüaBiessén
karelaHvij m©as;kmμsiT§iGviPaKnImYy²enaHGacelaHmkvij nUvPaKEdlCakmμsiT§i
rbs;xøÜn)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 565>- GanuPaBénkarminGnuvtþsiT§ielaH

RbsinebIGñklk;minGnuvtþsiT§ielaHkñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúg
maRta 561 ¬GMLúgeBlénkarelaH¦ énRkmenHeT siT§ielaHRtUvrlt; ehIykmμsiT§i
rbs;GñkTijnwgkøayCasßaBr .
CMBUkTI 2 kardUr
maRta 566>- Gtßn½y

kardUr RtUvmanGanuPaB tamkarsnüaEdlPaKITaMgsgxag eFVIkarepÞrsiT§i
34
elIRTBüsm,tþi eRkABIR)ak;eTAvijeTAmk .
¬kMNt;¦
kardUr KWCakic©snüaepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþi[KñaeTAvijeTAmk eRkABIkmμsiT§ielIR)ak; . ]TahrN_ kic©snüa
epÞrrvagkmμsiT§ielIkuMBüÚT½rCamYynwgkmμsiT§ielIma:suInftrUb . kardUr KWCakic©snüaEdleFVIeLIg edayRKan;Et
mankarRBmeRBogKñaBIPaKITaMgBIrb:ueNÑaH ehIyCakic©snüaGBaØmBaØ EdlyktémøfñÚr ¬mUla¦ .
¬maRtaeyag¦
kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 586 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1702 dl;maRta 1707 énRkmrdæb,evNI
)araMg/ maRta 515 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 567>- karykbBaØtþiénkarlk;TijmkGnuvtþdUcKña

bBaØtþisþIGMBIkarlk;Tij RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdrcMeBaHkardUr .
¬kMNt;¦
kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 586 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un )anEcgCaBiesssþIBIkardUrEdlmanR)ak;bEnßm
¬EdlPaKINamYysnüafa nwgepÞrsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþieRkABIR)ak; CamYyKñanwgR)ak;bénßm¦ ehIyEcgfa bBaØtþi
TaMgLayEdlTak;Tgnwgéfølk;kñúgkic©snüalk;Tij RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdrcMeBaHR)ak;enaH . eyIg
seRmcfa bBaØtþiEdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarlk;Tij RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkardUr edayrYmbBa©Úul
TaMgkrNIkardUrEdlmanR)ak;bEnßm BIeRBaHvanwgminbgá[manbBaðaGVICaBiessNamYyenaHeT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 586 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1702 dl;maRta 1707 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 515
énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
CMBUkTI 3 RbTankmμ
maRta 568>- niymn½y

RbTankmμ sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlRtUvmanGanuPaB edayPaKImçag
bgðajqnÞ³pþl;eTA[PaKImçageTotnUvRTBüsm,tþi edayminykéfø ehIyPaKImçag
eTotyl;RBmTTYl .
35
¬kMNt;¦
RbTankmμ KWCakic©snüamYyRbePTEdltamry³enaH PaKImaç gpþl; ]TahrN_fa kuMBüÚT½rrbs;xøÜn [eTAPaKI
mçageToteday\tKitéfø ehIyCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr nig kic©snüaÉketaPaKIEdlTaykTTYlnUv
katBVkic©EtÉkÉgcMeBaHbdiKÁahk . RbTankmμ k¾Cakic©snüaEdltRmUv[mankarRBmeRBogrvagTayk nig
bdiKÁahk ehIyEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayRKan;EtmankarRBmeRBogrvagKUPaKIEtb:ueNÑaH .
RbTankmμRTBüsm,tþimann½yfa CakarbegáInnUvRTBüsm,tþirbs;bdiKÁahk edaybnßynUvRTBüsm,tþi
rbs;Tayk ehtudUecñH karTTYlkarBVkic©rbs;PaKImçageTot ¬bdiKÁahk¦ eday[PaKIenaHrYcputBIkatBVkic©enH
k¾CaRbTankmμEdr .
kic©snüaEdlPaKImçagNamYyGnuBaØat[PaKImçageToteRbIR)as;nUvvtßúedayminyktémøfñÚr rab;bBa©Úlkarx©I
eRbI ¬maRta 625 nig maRtabnþbnÞab;¦ nig kic©snüax©IbriePaKedayminyktémøfñÚr ¬maRta 578 nig
maRtabnþbnÞab;¦ . bEnßmBIelIenHeTot kic©snüasþIBIkarpþl;nUvBlkmμ sRmab;bMeBjkic©karedayminykkéRm
RtUv)ancat;TukfaCaGaNtþiedayminykkéRm ¬sUmemIlmaRta 638¦ . kic©snüaRbePTTaMgenHminRtUv)an
cat;TukfaCaRbTankmμeT b:uEnþ KWCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚredayELkEdlmanlkçN³Biess .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 549 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 894 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 516 nig maRta 517
maRta 569>- karepÞrkmμsiT§i

karepÞrkmμsiT§iénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú enAkñúgkic©snüaRbTankmμ RtUvGnuelam
tameKalkarN_TUeTAEdlkMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 133 ¬karbegáIt karepÞr nig karEk
ERbnUvsiT§iRbtükS edaykarRBmeRBog¦ maRta 134 ¬l½kçx½NÐttaMgénkarbegáIt
karepÞr nig karEkERbnUvsiT§iRbtükS¦ maRta 135 ¬l½kçx½NÐedIm,IbegáItGanuPaBén
karepÞrkmμsiT§ielIGclnvtßúedaykarRBmeRBog¦ maRta 160 ¬lT§kmμénkmμsiT§i
elIGclnvtßú¦ nig maRta 187 ¬lT§kmμénkmμsiT§ielIclnvtßú¦ énRkmenH .
¬kMNt;¦
tamkic©snüaRbTankmμ siT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiRtUv)anepÞrBITaykeTAbdiKÁahk ehIykñúgcMeNamsiT§ielI
RTBüsm,tþiTaMgenH siT§icm,gKWCakmμsiT§i . dUecñHehIy)anCaeyIgdak;bBa©ÚlmaRtaenHedIm,IsmÁal;fa
36
RbsinebIkmμsiT§iRtUv)anepÞr tamry³RbTankmμ maRtaTaMgLayEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarpÞrkmμsiT§i RtUvykmkGnuvtþ
dUcKñapgEdr .
maRta 570>- RbTankmμEdlmineFVICalayl½kçN_GkSr

eTaHbICa)aneFVIkarsnüaRbTankmμk¾eday RbsinebImin)aneFVICalayl½kçN_
GkSrsþGI MBRI bTankmμeT PaKIénkic©snüa Gaclubecalkic©snüa edaydkkarbgðaj
qnÞ³énkareFVIRbTankmμvij)an . b:uEnþ cMeBaHEpñkEdl)anGnuvtþehIy minGacdk
karbgðajqnÞ³énkareFVIRbTankmμvij)aneLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
edaysarEtmanbBaØtþiEdlEcgfa kic©snüaRbTankmμ Cakic©snüaEdleFVIeLIgtamkarRBmeRBogEtb:ueNÑaH
edayminTamTarnUvlixityfaPUt CaGaT× maRtaenHyklMnaMtamRkmrdæb,evNICb:un ehIyEcgfa EpñkEdl
minTan;)anGnuvtþénkic©snüaRbTankmμEdlminsresrCalayl½kçN_GkSr Gacdkvij)an . CaFmμta Rbsin
ebIqnÞ³rbs;TaykRtUv)anbgðajtamrUbPaBCalayl½kçN_GkSr karbgðajqnÞ³rebobenH KWCalT§plénkar
vinicä½yedayRbugRby½tñrbs;Tayk ehIyqnÞ³enaHGacRtUv)aneFVIkarbBa¢ak;y:agc,as;las;tamlixitCalay
l½kçN_GkSrenaH . edayehtuenH bdiKÁahkGacbgçM[TaykGnuvtþnUvRbTankmμ)an . k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHRbTankmμ
EdlmineFVICalayl½kçN_GkSr mankrNICaeRcInEdrEdlTayksnüaeFVIRbTankmμedayminm)anKitBicarNa
edayRbugRby½tñ . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHEcgGMBIlT§PaBénkardk . RbePTénkic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSr
EdltRmUv[eFVI GaRs½yeTAtamkarbkRsaynaeBlGnaKt . tamkarbkRsayRkmrdæb,evNICb:unvij
lixitTaMgLayEdlcg¥úleTArkqnÞ³énRbTankmμ RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;y:agTUlMTUlayfaCalixitEdlRtUv)anyl;
eXIjfa maneKalbMNgeFVIRbTankmμ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 571>- karlubecalRbTankmμedaysarGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþ CaGaT×

1-kñúgkrNIEdlbdiKÁahk)aneFVIGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþF¶n;F¶rcMeBaHTayk
TaykGaclubecalRbTankmμ)an .
2-cMeBaHEpñkEdl)anGnuvtþehIy karlubecalRbTankmμEdlkMNt;enA
37
kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH GaceFVI)anEtkñúgGMLúgeBl 5 ¬R)aM¦ qñaM Kitcab;BI
eBlEdlmanGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþF¶n;F¶renaH .
¬kMNt;¦
edaysarkareFVIRbTankmμ CaFmμta CaskmμPaBEdlminKitkéRmfñÚr edayEp¥kelIsuqnÞ³ ehIyRtUv)aneFVI
edayEp¥kelIsßanPaBhirBaØvtßúFUrFarrbs;Tayk Rkmrdæb,evNIénRbeTsxøH)anpþl;[TayknUvsiT§iTamTar
[ykmkvijnUvGMeNayEdl)aneFVIRbTankmμehIyenaH RbsinebImansßanPaBpøas;bþÚreRkayeBleFVIRbTankmμ
dUcCakrNIEdlbdiKÁahkbgðajnUvPaBGktBaØútacMeBaHTayk b¤ krNIEdlTaykFøak;xøÜnRk . maRtaenH nig
maRta 572 EclGMBIsiT§ilubecal kñúgkrNITaMgenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 953 nig maRta 966 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 530 dl;maRta 533 énRkmrdæb,evNI
GaløWm:g;
maRta 572>- karlubecalRbTankmμedaysarPaBTIT½lRkrbs;Tayk

1-RbsinebITaykFøak;xøÜnkñúgsßanPaBTIT½lRk minGacrkSaCIvPaBrs;enA
rbs;xøÜnpÞal; nig buKÁlEdlRtUvmanGaharkatBVkic© eRkayBI)anbgðajqnÞ³eFVI
RbTankmμehIy TaykGaclubRbTankmμenaHecal)an .
2-cMeBaHEpñkEdl)anGnuvtþehIy karlubecalRbTankmμEdlkMNt;enA
kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH GaceFVI)anEtkñúgGMLúgeBl 5 ¬R)aM¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBl
Edl)anGnuvtþ .
¬kMNt;¦
sUmemIlesckþIkMNt;énmaRta 571 ¬karlubecalRbTankmμedaysarGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþ CaGaT×¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 528 nig maRta 529 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 573>- GanuPaBénkarlubecalRbTankmμ

kñúgkrNIEdl)anlubecalRbTankmμtambBaØtþiénmaRta 571 ¬karlub
38
ecalRbTankmμedaysarGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþ CaGaT×¦ nig maRta 572 ¬karlub
ecalRbTankmμedaysarPaBTIT½lRkrbs;Tayk¦ xagelIenH TaykGacTamTar
[sgRTBüsm,tþiEdl)aneFVIRbTankmμenaH edayEp¥ktambBaØtþisþIBIkarsgén
esckþIceRmIneday\tehtu)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIGanuPaBénkarGnuvtþnUvsiT§ilubecalRbTankmμ .
maRta 574>- karbnßynUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana

Tayk BMumanbnÞúkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana cMeBaHvikar³ b¤ karxVHvtßú b¤ siT§i
EdlCakmμvtßúénRbTankmμeLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy ebI
Tayk)andwgGMBIvikar³ b¤ karxVHenaHehIy Etmin)anpþl;dMNwgeTAbdiKÁahk .
¬kMNt;¦
TaykminRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanacMeBaHvikar³énKuNPaBénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénRbTankmμ b¤ vikar³
énsiT§ienaHeLIy . cMeBaHkic©snüaRbTankmμ EdlCakic©snüaminykkémøfñÚr xusKñaBIkic©snüalk;Tij b¤
kic©snüaepSgeTot EdlykkémøfñÚr eTaHbICavtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénRbTankmμmanvikar³enAeBleFVIkic©snüa
k¾eday k¾vaminsmrmüEdr Edldak;bnÞúkF¶n;eToteTATayk bEnßmBIelIbnÞúkcMeBaHkarRbKl;nUvvtßú eTAtam
sßanPaBbc©úbn,rbs;vaenaH . cMeBaHRbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 576 EcgGMBI
krNIelIkElg .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 551 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 523 maRta 524 nig maRta 526 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 575>- RbTankmμedaymankMNt;eBl

RbTankmμEdleFVIeLIgkñúgeKalbMNgpþl;tavkalikedaymankMNt;eBl
RtUv)at;bg;GanuPaB edaymrNPaBrbs;Tayk b¤ bdiKÁahk .
¬kMNt;¦
RbTankmμedaymankMNt;eBl KWCaRbTankmμEdlmanlkçN³bnþ ehIyCaRbTankmμEdlmankMNt;eBl
39
cMeBaHvtßúmYycMnYn ]TahrN_dUcCa RbTankmμ 50 000 erol RbcaMEx sRmab;cMNaykñúgCIvPaBrs;enA . eday
karBicarNaGMBIqnÞ³énPaKIkic©snüaRbTankmμedaymankMNt;eBl GanuPaBénkic©snüaRbTankmμRtUv)at;bg;
enAeBlEdlTayk b¤ bdiKÁahkTTYlmrNPaB elIkElgEtKUPaKI)ansnüaBiess .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 552 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 520 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 576>- RbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk

1-RbTankmμ EdlbdiKÁahkmankrNIykic©RtUvGnuvtþkarpþl;tavkalikCa
kMNt; edIm,ITTYlRTBüsm,tþiEdlCakmμvtßúénRbTankmμ RtUvehAfa RbTankmμEdl
manP¢ab;bnÞúk .
2-enAkñúgRbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk TaykRtUvTTYlxusRtUvelIR)atiePaK
dUcKñanwgGñklk;pgEdr RtwmkRmiténbnÞúkenaH .
3-kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçag)aneFVIkarpþl;tavkalik enAkñúgRbTankmμEdl
manP¢ab;bnÞúk buKÁlenaHGacTamTar cMeBaHPaKImçageTot[pþl;tavkalik)an .
4-enAkñúgRbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk ebIKμankic©snüaBiesseT luHRtaEt
PaKImçagmin)aneFVIkarpþl;tavkalikeT eTIbPaKImçageToténkic©snüa Gacminpþl;
tavkalikrbs;xøÜn)an .
5-TaykénRbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk GacrMlaykics © nüaRbTankmμEdl
manP¢ab;bnÞúkenaH tambBaØtþiénkarrMlaykic©snüa)an enAkñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçag
eTotmin)anGnuvtþbnÞúk .
¬kMNt;¦
dUcEdlmanEcgkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH RbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk KWCaRbTankmμEdlbdiKÁahk
TTYlbnÞúknUvkrNIykic©kñúgkarpþl;tavkalikCak;lak;NamYy . k¾b:uEnþ edaysarEtRbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;
bnÞúkenAEtCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr krNIykic©kñúgkarpþl;tavkalikrbs;bdiKÁahk RtUvEtmantémøTab
CagsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiEdlRtUveFVIRbTankmμedayTayk . kñúgRbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk PaKITaMgBIrTTYl
bnÞúknUvkrNIykic©kñúgkarpþl;tavkalik ehtudUecñH bBaØtþiTaMgLayEdlTak;Tgnwgkic©snüaGBaØmBaØ Gacyk
40
mkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr . kfaxNÐTI 2 nig kfaxNÐbnþbnÞab; Ecgc,as;GMBIbnÞúkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana
siT§itva: kñúgkarGnuvtþRBmKña nig siT§irMlay edayGaRs½yeTAtameKalbMNgenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 577>- RbTankmμedaymUlehtumrNPaB

1-RbTankmμEdlbegáItGanuPaBedaymrNPaBrbs;Tayk RtUvehAfa
RbTankmμedaymUlehtumrNPaB .
2-bBaØtþiénGc©½yTan RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHGanuPaBén
RbTankmμedaymUlehtumrNPaB .
¬kMNt;¦
RbTankmμedaymUlehtumrNPaB KWCaRbTankmμEdlykmrNPaBrbs;TaykmkeFVICal½kçx½NÐedIm,I
begáItGanuPaB tamry³kic©snüaEdlTaykenaH)aneFVICamYybdiKÁahkkñúgGMLúgeBlEdlTaykenaHenArs; .
RbTankmμedaymUlehtumrNPaB KWRsedogKñaeTAnwgGc©½yTanRtg;fa minmankarpøas;bþÚrsßanPaBRTBüsm,tþi
kñúgGMLúgeBlEdlTaykrs;enA ehIyRTBüsm,tþiEdlCakmμsiT§irbs;snþtiCnfycuHenAeBlEdlsnþtikmμ
cab;epþImenAeBlEdlmtkCnTTYlmrNPaB . dUecñH maRtaenHEcgfa bBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgGc©½yTan RtUvyk
mkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHRbTankmμedaymUlehtumrNPaB . edaysarEtRbTankmμedaymUlehtu
mrNPaBKWCakic©snüa ¬minEmnCaskmμPaBÉketaPaKI¦ bBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgsmtßPaB TRmg; karyl;RBm
nig karlHbg;Gc©½yTan EdlCabBaØtþiRtUv)anerobcMedaysarlkçN³CaskmμPaBÉketaPaKIénGc©½yTan min
RtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy . manEtbBaØtþisþIBIGanuPaBénGc©½yTaneTEdlGacykmkGnuvtþdUcKña)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 554 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 943 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 230 énRkm
rdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
CMBUkTI 4 karx©IbriePaK
EpñkTI 1 niymn½y nig karbegáItkic©snüax©IbriePaK
maRta 578>- niymn½yénkarx©IbriePaK
41
karx©IbriePaK sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKImçag ehAfaGñk[x©I man
krNIykic©RbKl;kareRbIR)as;edayesrI nUvR)ak; es,ógGahar RsUv b¤ vtßúCMnYs 4
epSgeTot kñúgGMLúgeBlEdlmankMNt; [eTAPaKImçageTot ehAfa Gñkx©I ehIyenA
eRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlenaH)anknøgput Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©sgeTA[Gñk[
x©Ivij nUvvtßúEdlmanRbePT KuNPaB nig cMnYn esμIKñanwgvtßúEdl)anTTYlBI
Gñk[x©IenaH .5
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©I )an[Gñkx©I x©IR)ak; b¤ RsUv Gñkx©ImanesrIPaBkñúgkareRbIR)as; b¤ briePaKR)ak; b¤
RsUvenaH)an ehIyGñkx©IenaHmankrNIykic©sgeTAGñk[x©Ivij nUvR)ak;EdlmancMnYnesμIKña b¤ nUvRsUvEdlman
RbePT nig RbmaNdUcKña eRkayBIGMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy)anknøgputeTA . mankrNIBIr KW krNIEdlman
karR)ak; nig krNIEdlKμankarR)ak; ehIykic©snüax©IbriePaKR)ak;edayP¢ab;karR)ak; KWCaviFId¾sMxan;mYy
sRmab;;skmμPaBesdækic© .
maRta 579>- karbegáItkic©snüax©IbriePaK

kic©snüax©IbriePaKRtUvbegáIteLIg edaykarRBmeRBogrvagGñk[x©I nig Gñkx©I
Etb:ueNÑaH .
¬kMNt;¦
enARbeTsCaeRcIn kic©snüax©IbriePaK KWCakic©snüaEdlcaM)ac;RtUvRbKl;vtßú ¬kic©snüaEdlbegáItGanuPaB
edayRbKl;vtßú¦ . k¾b:uEnþ eRkABIkic©snüaRbePTenH enAkñúgRbeTsTaMgGs; eKTTYlsÁal;kic©snüax©IbriePaK
EdlbegáIteLIgedayEtkic©RBmeRBog ¬kic©snüax©IbriePaKedaykarRBmeRBog b¤ karsnüaCamunnUvkarx©I
briePaK kic©snüaEdlmanxøwmsarfa nwgpþl;\NTannaGnaKt CaGaT×¦ ehIyeKeRbIkic©snüaRbePTenH
TUlMTUlaykñúgkic©karCaFmμta . dUecñHehIy kñúgRkmenH kic©snüax©IbriePaKGacbegáIteLIg edayEtkar
RBmeRBogrbs;PaKIEtb:ueNÑaH)an ¬kic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayRKan;EtmankarRBmeRBogb:ueNÑaH¦ .
b:uEnþ tameKalkarN_esrIPaBkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa PaKIGackMNt;fa GanuPaBénkic©snüanwgekIteLIg enAeBl
4
{vtßúCMnYs} sMedAeTAelIvtßúEdlGacRtUv)anCMnYsedayvtßúepSgEdlmanRbePT KuNPaB nig cMnYndUcKña
5
maRta 578 enH RtUv)aneFVIviesaFnkmμedayc,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI .
42
EdleFVIlixitkic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSr b¤ enAeBlRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkic©snüaenaH)an .
maRta 580>- kardkkic©snüax©IbriePaKminykkarR)ak;EdlmineFVICalixit

layl½kçN_GkSr
cMeBaHkic©snüax©IbriePaKminykkarR)ak;EdlmineFVICalixitlayl½kçN_
GkSr PaKInImYy²énkic©snüa Gacdkkic©snüaenaHenAeBlNak¾)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþi
enHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHEpñkénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúEdlGñk[x©I)anRbKl;
ehIy .
¬kMNt;¦
kic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlminykkarR)ak; KWCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr . eyIgGacEcgfa kic©snüaenH
Cakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edaykarRbKl;vtßú b¤ edaybMeBjTRmg;NamYyCakMNt;)an edaysarEt
lkçN³Biessénkic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr . k¾b:uEnþ kic©snüax©IbriePaKedayminykkarR)ak; EdleFVIeLIg
edaykarRBmeRBogedaypÞal;mat; RtUv)aneRbIya:gTUlMTUlay kñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶ dUcCakarx©IluyeTAvijeTAmk
rvagmitþPkþi CaedIm . ehtuenHehIymincaM)ac;bdiesFTaMgRsugnUvGanuPaBenHeT RKan;EtbnßyGanuPaBcg
énkic©snüaEbbenHRKb;RKan;ehIy . ehtuenHehIy RbsinebI)aneFVIkic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSr Gñk[x©Iman
krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßútamkic©snüa k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlkic©snüa[x©IluyEdlminykkarR)ak;
RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedaypÞal;mat; RbsinebIGñk[x©IminTan;RbKl;luyx©ICak;lak;enAeLIyeT Gñk[x©IGacbBaÄb;kar
[x©IluyenaH)anEdr edaymincaM)ac;manmUlehtuc,as;las;eT .
maRta 581>- karrMlayedaykarFøak;cuHnUvTMnukcitþcMeBaHGñkx©I

1-enAkñúgcenøaHeBlEdlkic©snüa)anbegáIteLIg rhUteTAdl;eBlRbKl;
vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú RbsinebIsßanPaBesdækic©rbs;Gñkx©I Føak;cuHy:agxøaMg EdlnwgeFVI
[man]bsKÁdl;karGnuvtþkatBVkic©sg Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüax©IbriePaK)an .
2-ebIGñk[x©I)anrMlaykic©snüaedayEp¥ktambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xag
elIenH enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anTTYlkarR)ak;kéRmeCIgsar b¤ témøfñÚrepSgeTot Camun
Gñk[x©IenaHRtUvsgeTA[Gñkx©Ivij .
43
¬kMNt;¦
enAeBl)aneFVIkic©snüax©IbriePaK Gñk[x©ImankrNIykic©RbKl;nUvvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNI
EdlsßanPaBesdækic©rbs;Gñkx©I)anRtUvcuHGn;fy eRkayeBleFVIkic©snüa rhUtdl;eBlRbKl;enaH RbsinbI
Gñk[x©IenAEtmankrNIykic©RbKl;enH enaHnwgbegáIt[manlT§plGsmPaBmYy ehtuenHehIy RkmenH
Ecg[Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüa)an ebImanmUlehtuvibtþi\NTan .
müa:geTot kñúgkrNIEdlsßanPaB\NTanrbs;kUnbMNul)ancuHGn;fymuneBleFVIkic©snüa EtGñk[x©I
min)andwgmunnwgeFVIkic©snüa bBaØtþiénmaRtaenHminGacykmkGnuvtþ)aneLIy b:uEnþ Gñk[x©ImanlT§PaBkñúgkar
TTYlkarkarBar tambBaØtþisþIBIkarqe)ak karPan;RcLM CaGaT× . cMeBaHkarcuHGn;fyénsßanPaB\NTan
eRkaykarRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH maRtaenHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeT KWRtUvcat;EcgtameKalkarN_pøas;bþÚr
sßanPaB b¤ eKalkarN_TUeTAepSgeTot .
maRta 582>- ]bsnüaénkarx©IbriePaK

1-buKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©pþl;tavkalikCaR)ak; b¤ vtßúCMnYsepSgeTot
edaymUlehtueRkAGMBIkarx©IbriePaK RbsinebI)anRBmeRBogCamYym©as;bMNulfa
ykvtßúenaHeFVICakmμvtßúénkarx©IbriePaK karx©IbriePaKRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykar
RBmeRBogenH .
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH R)atiePaK
sRmab;katBVkic©cas; RtUv)ansnμtfa RtUvkøayeTACaR)atiePaKsRmab;katBVkic©fμI .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTijminGacbg;éfølk; 1 mWunerol)aneT ehIyGñkTaMgBIr)anRBmeRBogfa Gñk
lk;[GñkTijx©IR)ak; 1 mWunerol tamkarBit Gñklk;min)an[GñkTijx©I 1 mWuneroleT k¾b:uEnþ TMnak;TMngén
kic©snüax©IbriePaK RtUv)anbegáIteLIg rvagGñklk; nig GñkTij . BIeRBaHkrNIenHminxusBIkrNIEdlGñklk;
[GñkTijx©I 1 muWnerol ehIyGñkTijykluyenaHeTAbg;éfølk;[Gñklk;vij . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIman
karFana b¤ siT§ihIub:UEtk edIm,IeFVICaR)atiePaKsRmab;siT§ielIbMNulEdlCatémølk;Tij eRkaymk
R)atiePaKTaMgenHnwgkøayCaR)atiePaKEdlFanakatBVkic©én]bsnüax©IbriePaK elIkElgEtmankic©RBmeRBog
pÞúyBIenaH .
EpñkTI 2 karx©IbriePaKedayP¢ab;karR)ak;
44
maRta 583>- siT§ielIbMNulEdlCakarR)ak;
1-karR)ak; sMedAeTAelIcMnYnTwkR)ak; b¤ vtßúepSgeTot EdlRtUv)anpþl;
eTA[tamsmamaRténGMLúgeBlénkareRbIR)as; kñúgnamCatémøtbcMeBaHkareRbI
R)as;R)ak; b¤ vtßú EdlRtUv)anRbKl;[Gñkx©I ehIyEdlRtUvKNnaedayykcMnYn
TwkR)ak; b¤ vtßú Edl)anx©I mkKuNCamYynwgGRtaEdlRtUv)ankMNt; .
2-enAkñúgbBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH vtßúEdlRtUv)anRbKl;[Gñkx©I
ehAfa R)ak;edIm PaKEdl)ankMNt; EdlRtUv)andak;cUleTAkñúgcMnYnTwkR)ak;
énR)ak;edIm ehAfaGRtakarR)ak; .
3-PaKIénkic©snüax©IbriePaK GacykkmμvtßúénkarsgkarR)ak;mkbegáItCa
siT§ielIbMNul tamkarRBmeRBog)an . b:uEnþ cMeBaHkarRBmeRBogbegáItsiT§ielI
bMNulénkarR)ak; RbsinebIBMu)aneFVItamlixitCalayl½kçN_GkSr edaymancuH
htßelxarbs;Gñkx©IeT BMumanGanuPaBeLIy .
4-enAkñúgkarRBmeRBogbegáItsiT§ielIbMNulénkarR)ak; edaymineyaltam
lixitCalayl½kçN_GkSr EdlmancuHhtßelxarbs;Gñkx©I RbsinebIGñkx©I)ansg
edaydwgGMBIkarGnuvtþbBaØtþivaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 3 xagelIenH karsgman
GanuPaBRtwmkRmitEdlRtUv)ansgenaHEtbu:eNÑaH .
¬kMNt;¦
R)ak; b¤ vtßúCMnYsepSgeTotEdlbg;edayykGRtakMNt;mYy tamsmamaRténcMnYnR)ak;edIm b¤ vtßúedIm nig
GMLúgeBléneRbIR)as; kñúgnamCatémøfñÚrénkareRbIR)ak;edIm b¤ vtßúedImedayGñkx©I ¬témøfñÚrcMeBaHkarEdlGñk[
x©IminGaceRbIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúrbs;xøÜn kñúgGMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy¦ RtUvehAfaCakarR)ak; . ]TahrN_
dUcCakñúgkrNIKitkarR)ak;elItémølk;Tij eKGacKitkarR)ak;cMeBaHsiT§ielIbMNuleRkABIsiT§ielIbMNulénkarx©I
briePaK)anEdr . k¾b:uEnþ edIm,IykkarR)ak; caM)ac;RtUvmanR)ak;edImCaR)ak; b¤ CavtßúCMnYsepSgeTot . rIÉkñúg
krNIdUcCaéføQñÜlpÞHvij témøfñÚrEdlbg;cMeBaHkareRbIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH tamkic©snüax©IvtßúkMNt;BiessmYy
ehIynwgsgvtßúenaHeTAvij ¬Ptisnüa¦ minEmnCa {karR)ak;} eT .
karR)ak;GacCabnÞúkmYyd¾F¶n;sRmab;kUnbMNul ehtuenHehIyRbsinebIkic©RBmeRBogenaHmin)aneFVIeday
45
lixitCalayl½kçN_GkSrEdlmancuHhtßelxarbs;Gñkx©IeT CaeKalkarN_ siT§ielIbMNulcMeBaHkarR)ak; minRtUv
ekIteLIgeT . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgCIvPaBerogral;éf¶ Gacmankarsnüabg;karR)ak;edaypÞal;mat; . kñúgkrNIenH
edIm,IkarBarkMu[manvivaTEdlGñkx©ITamTar[sgvijnUvkarR)ak;EdlxøÜn)anbg;edaysμ½RKcitþrYcehIy kfaxNÐTI
4 dUcxagelIenH RtUv)anerobcMeLIg .
maRta 584>- GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; nig GRtakarR)ak;kñúgkic©

snüa
1-GRtakarR)ak; GackMNt;)antambBaØtþic,ab; b¤ edaykarRBmeRBogrbs;
PaKI .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlRtUvbg;karR)ak; tamkarRBmeRBogrvagPaKI b¤ bBaØtþic,ab;
RbsinebIPaKIBMu)ankMNt;GMBIGRtakarR)ak;eTenaH RtUvGnuelamtamGRtakarR)ak;
EdlkMNt;edayc,ab;EdlbBaØtþenAkñúgRkmenH b¤ c,ab;Biess .
3-GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;tamkarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKI ehIyEdlhYs
GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; BMumanGanuPaBeLIy ebIBMu)ankMNt;tamlixit
Calayl½kçN_GkSr eyagtamrUbmnþEdlkMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 maRta 583
¬siT§ielIbMNulEdlCakarR)ak;¦ xagelIeT .
¬kMNt;¦
CaeKalkarN_ GRtakarR)ak;RtUvkMNt;tamkarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKI ¬GRtakarR)ak;enH ehAfa {GRtakar
R)ak;kñúgkic©snüa}¦ . kñúgkrNIEdlPaKI)ansnüabg;karR)ak; Etmin)ankMNt;nUvGRtakarR)ak;enHeT RtUvyk
GRtakarR)ak;Edl)ankMNt;edayRkmenH b¤ c,ab;epSg ¬GRtakarR)ak;enH ehAfa {GRtakarR)ak;kMNt;eday
c,ab;}¦ . kñúgkrNIEdlRtUvbg;karR)ak; edayeyagtambBaØtþiénc,ab; ¬kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 411/
kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 461/ maRta 643/ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 646/ kfaxNÐTI 4 énmaRta 712/
kfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 737/ kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 911/ kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 915/
kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 916/ kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 932/ maRta 1101/ maRta 1132/ kfaxNÐTI 2
énmaRta 1303 CaedIm¦ k¾RtUvGnuvtþdUcKñaEdr .
müa:geTot cMeBaHGRtakñúgkic©snüaEdlx<s;CagGRtakarR)ak;kMNt;edayc,ab; caM)ac;RtUvkMNt;Calay
l½kçN_GkSr edaymanhtßelxarbs;PaKI . dUecñH kñgú krNIEdlkarbg;karR)ak;enaH RtUvkMNt;Calayl½kçN_
46
GkSr edaymanhtßelxarbs;kUnbMNul b:uEnþ GRtakarR)ak;enaHRtUv)ansnüaedaypÞal;mat; eBlenaH
RbsinebIGRtakarR)ak;Edl)ansnüaenH x<s;CagGRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; RtUvykGRtakarR)ak;Edl
kMNt;edayc,ab;enHmkKNnakarR)ak; ehIyRbsinebIGRtakarR)ak;Edl)ansnüaenH TabCagGRtakarR)ak;
EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; RtUvykGRtakarR)ak;kñúgkic©snüaenHmkKNnakarR)ak; .
maRta 585>- karkRmitkarR)ak;

1-GRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv)ankRmit sMedAeTAelIGRtakarR)ak;GtibrmaEdl
GackMNt;)anedayRsbc,ab; tamkarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKI EdlkMNt;edayc,ab;
nig bTdæanKtiyutþepSgeTot .
2-PaKIGackMNt;karR)ak; x<s;CagGRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab;
Edl)anbBaØtþkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 584 ¬GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;eday
c,ab; nig GRtakarR)ak;kñúgkic©snüa¦ xagelIenH )an EtminGackMNt;elIsBI
GRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv)ankRmit)aneLIy .
3-RbsinebIPaKI)ankMNt;GRtakarR)ak;elIsBIGRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv)an
kRmit kic©snüaénPaKEdlelIsBIkRmiténGRtakarR)ak;enaH RtUvTukCaemaX³ rIÉ
Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©sgEtcMeBaHkar®)ak;EdlRtUv)anKNna tamGRtakarR)ak;
EdlRtUv)ankRmitenaH Etb:ueNÑaH .
4-enAkñúgkrNIEdl)ansgkarR)ak;EdlelIsBIGRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv
)ankRmitehIy RtUvcat;TukfaPaKEdlelIsBIkarkRmitenaH Cakarkat;bMNul
eTAelIR)ak;edIm . enAkñúgkrNIEdl)ankat;bMNuleTAelIR)ak;edIm cMeBaHEpñk
EdlelIsBIkarkRmitehIy EtenAmanesssl;eTot Gñk[x©IRtUvsgeTA[Gñkx©I
edayP¢ab;CamYy nUvR)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxat edayKNnatamGRtakarR)ak;Edl
kMNt;edayc,ab; edayKitcab;BIéf¶Edl)anbegáIt[mankaresssl;énkarsg
rhUtdl;éf¶Edl)ansgenaH .
5-cMeBaHkarGnuvtþmaRtaenH enAkñúgkrNIEdlcMnYnR)ak;edImelIkic©snüa
xusKñaBIcMnYnTwkR)ak;énvtßúEdlGñk[x©I)anRbKl;edayCak;Esþg dUcCakrNIén
47
karRbKl;R)ak;edImedaydkkarR)ak;EdlRtUvbg;naeBlGnaKt CaGaT× cMnYn
TwkR)ak;énvtßúEdlGñk[x©I)anRbKl;edayCak;EsþgeTA[Gñkx©IenaH RtUvTukCacMnYn
R)ak;edIm .
6-cMeBaHkarGnuvtþmaRtaenH R)ak; nig vtßúepSgeTot EdlGñk[x©I)anTTYl
eRkABIR)ak;edIm Tak;TgeTAnwgkic©snüax©IbriePaK eTaHbICa)anTTYlenAkñúgnamCa
R)ak;rgVan; kéRmeCIgsar kéRmesIubGegát nig kéRmepSg²eTotk¾eday RtUvcat;Tuk
faCakarR)ak; . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHesah‘uyénkareFVI
kic©snüa nig esah‘uyénkarsg .
¬kMNt;¦
tamRbvtþisa®sþ rhUtdl;sBVéf¶enH ]bsKÁénkar[x©IR)ak;edayykkarR)ak;x<s; ekIteLIgminecHdac;
esaH . ehtuenHehIy)anCaRbeTsCaeRcIn )anbegáItbBaØtþieFVIkarkRmitnUvkar[x©IR)ak;edayykkarR)ak;x<s;
dUecñHRkmenHk¾manbBaØtþidUcKñaEdr .
edIm,I[rYcputBIkarGnuvtþénbBaØtþikRmitkarR)ak;enH eKeRcInEtkat;ykkarR)ak;Camun b¤ eKykCaesah‘uy
b¤ ykedayeRbIeQμaHRbePTkéRmepSg² . ehtuenHehIy kfaxNÐTI 5 nig kfaxNÐTI 6 enH
RtUv)anbBaØtþeLIgedIm,IeFVIkarkRmitnUvGMeBIeCosvagc,ab;TaMgenH .
]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlGRtakarR)ak;EdlRtUv)ankRmitenaHKW 20° kñúgmYyqñaM RbsinebI)aneFVIkic©snüa
x©IbriePaKR)ak; 1 mWunerol edayKitkarR)ak;kñúgkic©snüa 30° kñúgmYyqñaM ehIyGñkx©I)anTTYl 7 Ban;
eroleRkayBIRtUveKkat;ykkarR)ak;sRmab;;qñaMTImYy ehIyGñkx©I)anbg;karR)ak; 3 Ban;erolkñúgmYyqñaM Caerog
ral;qñaM . RbsinebIemIleTAtamEbbbT edaysarEtkUnbMNul)anbg;EtkarR)ak; ehtuenHehIy R)ak;edIm 1
mWunerolenAsl;dEdl . b:uEnþ tamkarBit kUnbMNul)anTTYlEt 7 Ban;erolb:ueNÑaH dUecñHkarR)ak;én
qñaMTImYyKW 20° = 1400 erol CakarR)ak;EdlmanGanuPaBRtwmRtUv . ehtuenHehIy 1600 erol
Edl)anbg;elIs 1400 erol kñúgcMnYnR)ak;; 3000 erolenaH RtUvykmkkat;bMNulénR)ak;edIm
edayeyageTAtamkfaxNÐTI 4 ehIyR)ak;edIménqñaMTI2 KW 7000 - 1600 = 5400 erol .
rIÉkarR)ak;sRmab;;qñaMTI 2 EdlKNnatamkarR)ak;kRmit 20° enaH KW 5400 x 0/20 = 1080 erol dUecñH
kñúgcMnYnR)ak; 3000 erolenaH cMnYnR)ak; 1920 erol Edl)anbg;elIskarR)ak;kRmitenAkñúgqñaMTI 2 enaH
RtUvykmkeFVIkarkat;bMNulénR)ak;edIm . ehtuenHehIy R)ak;edImEdlenAsl;sRmab;qñaMTI 3 KW 5400-
1920 = 3480 erol . dUecñH RtUvKNnaCabnþbnÞab; rhUtdl;sgR)ak;edImrYcral; ehIyR)ak;Edl)anbg;
48
eRkayR)ak;edImenAsl;sUnüenaH KWCaesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu dUecñH eyageTAtambBaØtþiénvaküxNÐTI 2
kfaxNÐTI 4 énmaRtaenH Gñk[x©IRtUvsgR)ak;enHeTAGñkx©Ivij edaybUkTaMgkarR)ak;kñúgGMLúgeBlénkar
yWtya:vpg .
maRta 586>- eBlevlaénkarbg;karR)ak; nig karR)ak;smasEdlkMNt;eday

c,ab;
1-ebIKμankarkMNt;BiesseT karR)ak; RtUvbg;enAerogral;eBlEdleBl
evla 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM )anknøgput Kitcab;BIeBlEdl)anRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú .
b:uEnþ RbsinebIRtUvsgvtßúEdlCakmμvtúßenaH enAmuneBlEdleBlevla 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM
minTan;)anknøgput RtUvbg;karR)ak;enAeBlRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlmankaryWty:avmin)ansgkarR)ak; sRmab;ry³eBlcab;
BI 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM eLIgeTA ehIyeTaHbICaGñk[x©I)andas;etOn[sgy:agNak¾eday
k¾Gñkx©IminRBmsgkarR)ak;enaH Gñk[x©IGacbUkkarR)ak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgR)ak;edIm)an .
¬kMNt;¦
tamry³karbUkbBa©ÚlkarR)ak;eTAkñúgR)ak;edIm karR)ak;nwgRtUvKiteTAelIkarR)ak;CabnþeTot ¬enHeK
ehAfa {karR)ak;smas}¦ . ]TahrN_ karR)ak;RtUvbg;Caerogral;Ex EtRbsinebImin)anbg;eT eKnwgbUk
bBa©ÚleTAkñúgR)ak;edImedaysV½yRbvtþi ehIykarbUkbBa©ÚleTAkñúgR)ak;edImkñúgry³eBld¾xøI CasarFatu nwgeFVI
[karR)ak;ekInya:gelOn . dUecñHehIy RbsinCaKμankarRBmeRBogBiessrvagPaKIeT karR)ak;RtUvsgedayKit
CaqñaM ehIyTTYlsÁal;[KitkarR)ak;smas EtkñúgkrNIEdlmankaryWtya:vkñúgkarbg;karR)ak;sRmab;
GMLúgeBlcab;BImYyqñaM eLIgeTA ehIyGñkx©Imin)anbg; eTaHbICaRtUv)andas;etOnk¾eday . müa:geTot
RbsinebImankic©RBmeRBogBiessedaybUkbBa©ÚlkarR)ak;eTAkñúgR)ak;edImeRcIndgkñúgmYyqñaM cMeBaHkarGnuvtþ
maRta 585 RtUvKitemIlTMnak;TMngrvagkarR)ak;srubkñúgmYyqñaM nig R)ak;edIménqñaMenaH ehIyseRmcfa
etIkarR)ak;subenaHelIskarR)ak;EdlRtUv)ankRmitkñúgmaRtaenaH b¤eT .
EpñkTI 3 krNIykic©[x©Irbs;Gñk[x©I
maRta 587>- krNIykic©[x©IvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú
49
1-Gñk[x©I mankrNIykic©[Gñkx©IeRbIR)as;vtßú edaysmRsbtamkic©snüa .
2-Gñkx©I GaceRbIR)as; GaRs½ypl nig cat;Ecgvtßú edayesrI)an ehIy
RtUvTTYlbnÞúkhaniP½y elIkar)at;bg; b¤ xUcxat cMeBaHvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú EdlekIt
eLIgedaysarmUlehtuEdlminEmnCabnÞúkrbs;Gñk[x©I kñúgnamCakmμsiT§ikr Kit
cab;BIéf¶Edl)anTTYlkarRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú .
¬kMNt;¦
kic©snüax©IbriePaKxusKñanwgkic©snüax©IeRbI b¤ Ptisnüa EdlGñkx©ImankrNIykic©sgnUvvtßúdEdlEdl
xøÜn)anx©IenaH BIeRBaHkñúgkic©snüax©IbriePaK Gñkx©IEdlTTYlkarRbKl;nUvvtßúCMnYs ¬vtßúEdlGacRtUv)anCMnYs
edayvtßúepSgEdlmanRbePT KuNPaB nig cMnYndUcKña¦ eFVIlT§kmμnUvkmμsiT§iénvtßúenaH nig eRbIR)as;
GaRs½ypl cat;EcgvtßúenaH edayesrI ehIysgeTA[Gñkx©Ivij nUvvtßúEdlmanRbePTdUcKña cMnYndUcKña .
maRtaenHbBaØtþ[Gñk[x©ImankrNIykic©[Gñkx©IeRbIR)as;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH kñúgGMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy
¬plRbeyaCn_esdækic©Edl)anmkBIkareRbIR)as;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH Gñk[x©IminGacTTYledayxøÜnÉg)aneT
RtUv[Gñkx©ITTYlplRbeyaCn_enaHeTAvij¦ . CalT§plenH kic©snüax©IbriePaKedaymankarR)ak; køayeTACa
kic©snüaGBaØmBaØEdlyktémøfñÚr ¬mUla¦ .
maRta 588>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana rbs;Gñk[x©I kñúgkarRbKl;vtßúrbs;

GñkdéT
1-enAkñúgkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlmanP¢ab;karR)ak; Gñk[x©IEdl)anRbKl;
vtßúEdlminsßitenAeRkamkmμsiT§irbs;xøÜn mankrNIykic©RtUveFVIlT§kmμnUvkmμsiT§ién
vtßúenaH ehIyepÞreTA[Gñkx©I b¤ RtUvbþÚrCamYynwgvtßúepSgeTotEdlsßitenAeRkam
kmμsiT§irbs;xøÜn . b:uEnþ enAeRkayeBlEdlGñkx©I)anbriePaKvtßúenaHrYcehIy BMuGac
TamTar[RbKl;vtßúCMnYs)aneLIy .
2-RbsinebIGñk[x©I BMuGacGnuvtþkatBVkic©Edl)anbBaØtþkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1
xagelIenHeT Gñkx©IGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .
3-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH Rbsin
ebI)anTTYlkarRbKl;edayBMu)andwgfaGñk[x©IenaHKμansiTi§ Gñkx©IGacTamTar[
50
Gñk[x©IsgsMNgénkarxUcxat)an .
4-enAkñúgkic©snüax©IbriePaKedayKμankarR)ak;; bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2
nig TI 3 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHEtkrNIEdlGñk[x©I)an
dwgfaxøÜnKμansiT§icat;EcgvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú ehIy)anRbKl;vtßúrbs;GñkdéTenaH
edayBMu)anCUndMNwgeTA[Gñkx©I .
5-elIkElgEtkrNIEdl)anTTYlkarRbKl;vtßúCMnYs edayEp¥ktambBaØtþi
énkfaxNÐTI 1 b¤ TI 4 xagelIenH RbsinebIGñkx©Ivtßúrbs;GñkdéT )ansgvtßúEdl
RtUv)anpþl; b¤ témøénvtßúenaH [eTAkmμsiT§ikr Gñkx©Ivtßúrbs;GñkdéTenaH RtUvrYcputBI
krNIykic©sg cMeBaHGñk[x©I .
¬kMNt;¦
RbsinebIvtßúEdlGñk[x©IRbKl;eTA[Gñkx©I CakmμsiT§irbs;GñkepSg kic©snüax©IbriePaKminEmnkøayeTACa
emaX³eT b:uEnþ Gñk[x©ImankrNIykic©eFVI[Gñkx©IeFVIlT§kmμnUvkmμsiT§iénvtßúenaH b¤ RbKl;vtßúepSgCMnYsvtßúenaH
cMeBaHGñkx©IenaH . RbsinebIGñk[x©IminGaceFVIdUecñaH)aneT Gñkx©IGacrMlaynUvkic©snüa)an eTaHbICaGñkx©IenaH
sucritk¾eday b¤ Tuc©ritk¾eday . müa:geTot Gñkx©Isucrit GacTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHGñk[x©I)an
¬mincaM)ac;manehtuEdlnaM[Gñk[x©IRtUvTTYlxusRtUveT¦ . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlCakarx©IbriePaKeday\tman
karR)ak; manEtGñk[x©ITuc©ritb:ueNÑaHeTEdlRtUvTTYlxusRtUv . müa:geTot cMeBaHrUbiyvtßúvij CaeKalkarN_
GñkEdlkan;kab;rUbiyvtßúenaH RtUv)ancat;TukfaCakmμsiT§ikr ehtuenHehIy maRtaenH nig maRtabnÞab;
minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeT .
maRta 589>- siT§irMlayrbs;Gñk[x©IvtßúGñkdéT

Gñk[x©IEdl)anRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú edayBMudwgfaCavtßúrbs;GñkdéT
RbsinebIBMuGaceFVI[Gñkx©I)anlT§kmμnUvkmμsiT§ielIvtßú b¤ vtßúCMnYseT GacrMlay
kic©snüa)an . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkx©Isucrit mansiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat
edayEp¥ktambBaØtþiénmaRta 588 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana rbs;Gñk[x©I kñúg
karRbKl;vtßúrbs;GñkdéT¦ xagelIenH luHRtaEtkñúgkrNIEdl)ansgsMNgén
karxUcxatenaH eTIbGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .
51
¬kMNt;¦
RbsinebIGñk[x©I)anRbKl;RsUv CaedIm edayyl;RcLMfaCarbs;xøÜneTA[Gñkx©I b:uEnþ minEmnCakmμsiT§i
rbs;xøÜneTenaH CadMbUg Gñk[x©ImankrNIykic©eFVI[Gñkx©IeFVIlT§kmμnUvkmμsiT§ielIvtßúenaH b¤ RbKl;vtßúepSgCMnYs
vtßúenaHeTA[Gñkx©I . b:uEnþ RbsinebIminGaceFVI)aneT Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an luHRtaEtGñk[x©IenaH
sucrit . müa:geTot cMeBaHkarx©IbriePaKedaymankarR)ak; RbsinebIGñkx©Isucrit Gñk[x©IRtUvsgnUvsMNgén
karxUcxatcMeBaHGñkx©I edayeyagtambBaØtþiénmaRtamunenH .
maRta 590>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñk[x©InUvvtßúEdlmanvikar³

1-enAkñgú kics
© nüax©IbriePaKEdlmanP¢ab;karR)ak; RbsinebImanvikar³kM)aMg
enAkñúgvtßúEdlGñk[x©I)anRbKl; Gñkx©IEdl)anTTYlkarRbKl;edaymin)andwg
GMBIvikar³enaH GacTamTar[bþÚrCamYynwgvtßúEdlKμanvikar³ nig GacTamTarsMNg
énkarxUcxat)an .
2-enAkñúgkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlKμankarR)ak; Gñkx©IEdl)anTTYlkarRbKl;
vtßEú dlmanvikar³ GacsgtémøénvtßEú dlmanvikar³)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtéiþ nkfaxNÐTI 1
xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkrNIEdlGñk[x©I)an dwgGMBI
vikar³enaHehIy EtBMu)anCUndMNwgeTA[Gñkx©I .
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©Iénkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlP¢ab;karR)ak; )anRbKl;RsUv CaGaT× dl;Gñkx©I b:uEnþ
RsUvenaHmanCm¶W Gñkx©IEdl)anTTYlRsUvenaH edaymin)andwgfa RsUvenaHmanCm¶W GacTamTar[Gñk[x©IbþÚr
RsUvl¥EdlKμanCm¶W[xøÜnvij)an ehIyGacTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat edaysarkarqøgCm¶Wdl;RsUvEdl
Gñkx©Iman edaysarRsUvEdlmanCm¶WenaH CaGaT× )an .
Gñkx©IRsUv CaGaT× edayKμankarR)ak; minGacTamTar[Gñk[x©IbþÚrnUvRsUvl¥vij b¤ minGacTamTar[Gñk
[x©IsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneLIy eTaHbICaRsUvenaHmanvikar³k¾eday . kñúgkrNIenH tamtkása®sþ
Gñkx©IRtUvsgnUvRsUvEdlmanvikar³dUcKñavij b:uEnþ enHminRsbnwgPaBCak;EsþgeT ehtuenHehIy maRtaenH
Ecgfa Gñkx©IGac[sgCaR)ak;esμInwgtémøRsUvEdlmanvikar³eTAvij)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©Idwgfa
manvikar³ ehIy)anlak;cMeBaHGñkx©I Gñk[x©IRtUvsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatEdlGñkx©I)anTTYlrgeRKaHedaysar
vikar³enaH .
52
EpñkTI 4 krNIykic©sgrbs;Gñkx©I
maRta 591>- krNIykic©RtUvsgR)ak;edIm nig bg;karR)ak;rbs;Gñkx©I

1-Gñkx©I mankrNIykic©RtUvsgeTAGñk[x©I nUvvtßúEdlmanRbePT KuNPaB
nig cMnYn esμIKñanwgvtßúEdl)anTTYlkarRbKl; enAéf¶EdlRtUvsg .
2-Gñkx©Iénkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlmanP¢ab;karR)ak; RtUvbg;karR)ak; tam
bBaØtþiBImaRta 584 ¬GRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; nig GRtakarR)ak;kñúg
kic©snüa¦ dl;maRta 586 ¬eBlevlaénkarbg;karR)ak; nig karR)ak;smasEdl
kMNt;edayc,ab;¦ énRkmenH .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ GñkEdl)anx©IGgárEdlmanKuNPaBl¥ 10 KILÚ kñúgry³eBlmYyqñaM edaymanGRtakarR)ak;kñúg
kic©snüa 10° GacbriePaKGgárenaHedayesrI)an b:uEnþ mYyqñaMeRkaymk RtUvsgGgárEdlmanKuNPaBdUcKña
cMnYn 11 KILÚ eTAGñk[x©Ivij . RbsinebIGgárEdlsgedayGñkx©I manKuNPaBminl¥ b¤ manTm¶n;Et 10 KILÚ
Gñk[x©IGacbdiesFminTTYlnUvkarsgenaHedayykmUlehtufa sMeNIpþl;karsgenaH minRsbtamxøwmsar
énkatBVkic©)an ehIyGacTamTar[Gñkx©ITTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarmin)anGnuvtþrbs;Gñkx©I)an .
maRta 592>- karsgedayeyaltamtémø

1-RbsinebIBMuGacsgedayEp¥ktambBaØtþiénmaRta 591 ¬krNIykic©RtUv
sgR)ak;edIm nig bg;karR)ak;rbs;Gñkx©I¦ xagelI)aneT Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©RtUv
bg;®)ak;EdlsmrmünwgtémøénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú enATIkEnøg nig éf¶EdlRtUvsg .
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIBMu)an
kMNt;éf¶ b¤ TIkEnøgEdlRtUvsgeT RtUvcat;TukfaRtUvbg;cMnYnR)ak;;Edlsmrmü
nwgtémøenaH enAéf¶ nig TIkEnøgEdl)aneFVIkic©snüa .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdl)aneFVIkic©snüax©IbriePaKfñaMsmøab;stVl¥itsRmab;ksikmμcMnYn 50 KILÚ ehIy
eRkayBI)anRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH rhUtdl;kalbriecäTEdlRtUvsgtamkic©snüavij plitkmμ nig
53
karlk;fñaMsmøab;stVl¥itenaH RtUv)anhamXat; . kñúgkrNIenH Gñkx©IminGacsgfñaMsmøab;stVl¥itEdlman
RbePTdUcKña)aneT ehtuenHehIy edayeyagtammaRtaenH Gñkx©IGacsgCaR)ak;EdlesμInwgtémøfñaMenaH)an .
maRta 593>- karERbRbYléntémørUbiyvtßú CaGaT×

eTaHbICatémørUbiyvtßú b¤ témøénvtßú mankarERbRbYl enAmuneBlsgk¾eday
elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlmankarRBmeRBogBiess Gñkx©IRtUvsgnUvcMnYnTwkR)ak;
dUcKñanwgcMnYnTwkR)ak;EdlTTYl)anBIkarRbKl; .
¬kMNt;¦
]TahrN_ eRkayBI[x©I 1 mWunerol dl;eBlEdlRtUvsgvij eTaHbICatémørUbiyvtßúenaH)ancuHk¾eday Gñkx©I
RKan;EtsgCaTwkR)ak;cMnYn 1 mWunerol RKb;RKan;ehIy ¬eKalkarN_namkrN_¦ . RbsinebIcg;TTYlnUvtémø
sarFatu caM)ac;RtUveFVIkarsnüaBiess edayKitR)ak;EdlRtUvsgeTAtamkarpøas;bþÚréntémørUbiyvtßú témømas
témøTMnij CaGaT× . kñúgkrNIEdl)anTTYllT§plmYyEdlmanGsmPaBya:gxøaMgedaysarEtkareKarBnUv
eKalkarN_namkrN_enH eKGacEkERbvij eTAtameKalkarN_TUeTAdUcCa {eKalkarN_énkarpøas;bþÚrsßanPaB}
CaGaT× )an .
maRta 594>- eBlevlaénkarsg

1-RbsinebIPaKI)ankMNt;kalbriecäTénkarsg Gñk[x©IminGacTamTar[
sgvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú)aneLIy rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg tamkalbriecäTénkic©
snüa . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlehtuEdl)an
kMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 331 ¬kar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBl¦ énRkm
enH )anekIteLIg .
2-RbsinebIPaKImin)ankMNt;kalbriecäTénkarsgeT Gñk[x©IGacdas;
etOn[sg edaykMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü)an .
3-Gñkx©Iénkic©snüax©IbriePaKedayKμankarR)ak; GacsgenAeBlNak¾)an .
4-Gñkx©Iénkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlmankarR)ak; GacsgenAmunkalbriecäT
sgEdl)ankMNt;edaykic©snüa)an . b:uEnþ enAkñúgkrNIEdleFVI[mankarxUc
54
xatdl;Gñk[x©IedaysarkarsgenaH Gñkx©IRtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxat edayEp¥k
tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 330 ¬RbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBl¦ énRkm
enH .
¬kMNt;¦
kfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 RKan;EtEcgfa eKalkarN_TUeTAéneBlsgkatBVkic© RtUvykmkGnuvtþ
cMeBaHkarx©IbriePaKb:ueNÑaH ¬sUmemIlmaRta 329 dl;maRta 331 nig maRta 391¦ .
cMeBaHkatBVkic©Edl\tmankMNt;eBlevlasgvij CaeKalkarN_ enAeBlEdlm©as;bMNuldas;etOn
eBlEdlRtUvsgbMNulmkdl; ¬maRta 388 cMNuc K¦ b:uEnþ RbsinebIykeKalkarN_enHmkGnuvtþ
cMeBaHkarx©IbriePaK eBlNak¾Gñkx©IRtUveRtomsgvijEdr ehIykarx©IbriePaKkøayeTACaKμann½yeTAvij ehtuenH
ehIy)anCakfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHbBaØtþfa eRkayGMLúgeBlsmrmümYy)anknøgputBIeBldas;etOnsg
eTIbdl;eBlRtUvsg ¬kñúg }GMLúgeBlsmrmü} enaH Gñkx©IGaceRtomedIm,Isg)an¦ .
cMeBaHkic©snüax©IbriePaKEdlmankarR)ak; karsgmuneBlkMNt; nwgeFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_dl;karTTYl
karR)ak;rbs;Gñk[x©I ehtuenHehIy)anCamancm¶l;mYyekIteLIgfa RbEhlCaGñkx©IKμanesrIPaBkñúgkare)aHbg;
ecalnUvplRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBleT ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 4 EcgbBa¢ak;fa Gñkx©IGace)aHbg;ecalnUv
plRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBl)an ¬Gñk[x©IminGacTamTar[sgmuneBlkMNt;)aneT¦ . kñúgkrNIenH Gñkx©I
mankrNIykic©RtUvsgnUvkarxUcxatrbs;Gñk[x©I edayRsbtamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 330 . GVIeTAEdlCa
{karxUcxat} enH GaRs½yeTAelIkarbkRsay . enARbeTsCb:un karR)ak;KWCatémøfñÚrénkareRbIR)ak;edIm
¬témøfñÚrnwgehtuEdlGñk[x©IminGaceRbIR)ak;edImrbs;xøÜn¦ ehIyGñk[x©IGaceRbIR)ak;edImrbs;xøÜn bnÞab;BIeBl
Edl)anTTYlkarsgmuneBlkMNt; ehtuenHehIy)anCaPaKeRcInbkRsayfa karR)ak;EdlnwgekIteLIgBI
éf¶sg rhUtdl;éf¶kMNt;sgkñúgkic©snüa minEmnCakarxUcxateT . dUecñH {karxUcxat} EdlmanenAkñúgenH
mandUcCaesah‘uyEdlekIteLIgedIm,ITTYlnUvkarsgmuneBlkMNt;enaH EdlRtUv)anbEnßmBIesah‘uyTTYlkar
sgenAeBlkMNt; ¬]TahrN_ esah‘uyedIm,IKNnakarR)ak;sarCafμI esah‘uybEnßmedIm,IrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdl
Cakmμvtßú edaysar)anTTYlkarsgmuneBlkMNt; CaGaT×¦ .
maRta 595>- TIkEnøgénkarsg

RbsinebIBMumankarRBmeRBogrvagPaKI GMBITIkEnøgénkarsgeT Gñkx©IRtUvyk
vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH eTAsg enAlMenAzanrbs;Gñk[x©I .
55
¬kMNt;¦
eyageTAtameKalkarN_TUeTAénc,ab;katBVkic© TIkEnøgénkarsg KWlMenAzanrbs;m©as;bMNul . b:uEnþ
PaKImanesrIPaBkñúgkarkMNt;nUvTIkEnøgénkarsgepSgBIenH .
CMBUkTI 5 Ptisnüa
EpñkTI 1 bTb,BaØtþiTUeTA
maRta 596>- niymn½yénPtisnüa

1-Ptisnüa sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKImçag [PaKImçageToteRbI
R)as; nig GaRs½ypl BIvtßúNamYy edayykéfø .
2-vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénPtisnüa manclnvtßú nig Gclnvtßú .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHbBaØtþGMBIniymn½yénPtisnüa . enAkñgú maRta 1101 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa nig
Rkmrdæb,evNIepSgeTotEdlykRkmrdæb,evNI)araMgmkeFVICaKMrU EcgGMBIkarCYlvtßú ehIyeRkABIenH EcgGMBI
karCYlBlkmμ b¤ karCYlR)ak;pgEdr k¾b:uEnþ enAkñgú CMBUkenH EcgEtGMBIkarCYlvtßúb:ueNÑaH .
CaeKalkarN_ CMBUkenHEcgGMBIvin½yEdlRtUvGnuvtþCaTUeTA cMeBaHvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénPtisnüa edaymin
EbgEckclnvtßú nig GclnvtßúeT . k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHbBaØtþiBiesssRmab;Gclnvtßúvij mankarbBa¢ak;c,as;las;
fa bBaØtþienaHCabBaØtþiBiessGMBIGclnvvtßú .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1099/ maRta 1100 nig maRta 1101 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 597>- karbegáItPtisnüa

Ptisnüa RtUvmanGanuPaB edayPaKImçag snüafa[PaKImçageToteRbIR)as;
nig GaRs½ypl BIvtßúNamYy cMENkÉPaKImçageTot snüafabg;éføQñÜlcMeBaH
vtßúenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐbegáItPtisnüa . PtisnüaKWCa kic©snüaGBaØmBaØ ehIyCakic©snüaEdlmantémø
56
fñÚr ¬kic©snüamUla¦ RBmTaMgCakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáItedaykic©RBmeRBogEtb:ueNÑaH . caM)ac;RtUvkMNt;
témøQñÜl . eTaHbICaBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlCYlk¾eday k¾PtisnüaenHmansuBlPaBEdr . kñúgkrNIenH
eyagtammaRta 615 énRkmenH PaKInImYy²GacesñIsMu[rMlayPtisnüaeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIybnÞab;BI
GMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy )anknøgputeRkaykaresñIsMuenH PtisnüanwgRtUv)anbBa©b; .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 598>- l½kçx½NÐttaMgénsiT§iCYlGclnvtßú

1-edayeyagtamlT§kmμénkarkan;kab; nig kareRbIR)as;nigGaRs½ypl
CabnþbnÞab; nUvvtßúCYl Ptik³énPtisnüaGclnvtßú GacttaMgcMeBaHCnEdl)an
eFVIlT§kmμnUvsiT§iRbtükSelIGclnvtßú enAeRkayeBlEdlPtik³)anTTYlkarkan;
kab; )an .
2-Ptik³EdlkMBugEtkan;kab;vtßúCYl GacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTar[RbKl;vij
siT§iTamTar[bBaÄb;karraraMg nig siT§iTamTar[bgáarCamunnUvkarraraMg cMeBaHkar
bMBansiT§iCYl dUcsiT§iEdlkmμsiT§krman .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa PtisnüaGclnvtßú GacttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn)an edaykarkan;kab; RBmTaMgkareRbIR)as;
nigkarGaRs½yplCabnþbnÞab; ehIyGacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTaredayEp¥kelIsiT§iRbtükS)an cMeBaHttiyCnEdl
bMBansiT§iCYl .
siT§iCYlGclnvtßúCasiT§ielIbMNul elIkElgEtsiT§iClY Gcié®nþy_ dUecñHehIy kñúgkrNIEdlttiyCn)aneFVI
lT§kmμnUvkmμsiT§ielIGclnvtßú eRkayeBleFVIPtisnüa CaeKalkarN_ Ptik³BMuGacGHGagnUvGanuPaBénsiT§iCYl
cMeBaHttiyCnenaH)aneLIy . k¾b:uEnþ edaysarEtsiT§iCYlGclnvtßú manTMnak;TMngya:gxøaMgeTAnwgCIvPaB
rs;enArbs;Ptik³ ehtuenHehIy)anCakfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgfa RbsinCaPtik³)aneFVIlT§kmμnUv
karkan;kab;Cak;EsþgnUvGclnvtßúenaH Ptik³enaHRtUv)ankarBar . kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anTTYlnUvkarRbKl;
edaykarbþÚrlkçN³énkarkan;kab;6 EtBMueRbInigGaRs½yplCak;EsþgeT BMucaM)ac;karBar[)anxøaMgeT dUecñHehIy
6
sUmemIlkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 229 .
57
kñúgkrNIenH BMuGacGnuvtþmaRtaenH)aneLIy .
maRta 605 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un TTYlsÁal;nUvGanuPaBttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn EtkñúgkrNIEdl)ancuH
bBa¢InUvsiT§iCYlenaHb:ueNÑaH ehtudUecñH maRtaenHkarBarPtik³énGclnvtßúenaHya:gxøaMgCagRkmrdæb,evNICb:un .
kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHRtUv)anEcgeLIgedayQrelITsSn³mYyrbs;bNÐitsPac,ab;énRbeTsCb:un .
kñúgkrNIEdlmanttiyCnbMBanCak;Esþg b¤ eRtomnwgbMBansiT§irbs;xøÜn m©as;siT§iPtisnüaGclnvtßúEdl
RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;nUvGanuPaBttaMgedayEp¥kelIkarkan;kab;Cak;Esþg GacTamTar[bBaÄb; b¤ bgáarnUvkarbMBan
enaH)an . enHKWmann½yfa TTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§iTamTaredayEp¥kelIsiT§iRbtükS cMeBaHsiT§iCYlEdlmanGanuPaB
ttaMg .
eyagtambBaØtþiénmaRta 244 énRkmenH siT§iCYlry³eBlEvg EdlmankarkMNt;ry³eBlcab;BI 15 qñaM
eLIgeTA RtUckøayeTACasiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ EdlCasiT§iRbtükS . siT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ KWCasiT§iRbtükS
ehtuenHehIyGñkCYlGcié®nþy_Gaccat;Ecg)an dUcCakareFVIGnub,TansiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ b¤ karbegáIthIub:UEtk
elIsiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_enaH CaGaT× edaymincaM)ac;mankaryl;RBmBIkmμsiT§ikrénGclnvtßúenaHeT . pÞúyeTAvij
cMeBaHsiT§iCYlGclnvtßúEdlminEmnCasiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ maRtaenHTTYlsÁal;GanuPaBdUcKñanwgkrNIénsiT§i
RbtükS cMeBaHGanuPaBttaMg nig siT§iTamTaredayEp¥kelIsiT§iRbtükSEtb:ueNÑaH ehIyminTTYlsÁal;rhUtdl;
siT§icat;EcgénsiT§iCYlGclnvtßú edayBMumankaryl;RBmBIPtibtIeLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 605 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un .
maRta 599>- GMLúgeBlEdlPtisnüamanGtßiPaB

1-Ptisnüa GaceFVIeLIgedaykMNt; b¤ minkMNt;GMLúgeBl)an .
2-PtisnüaGclnvtßú Edlmin)aneFVICalayl½kçN_GkSr RtUvcat;Tukfa
CaPtisnüaEdlKμankMNt;GMLúgeBl .
3-PtisnüaGclnvtßúEdlmankMNt;GMLúgeBlcab;BI 15 ¬db;R)aM¦ qñaM
eLIgeTA RtUvGnuelamtambBaØtþicab;BImaRta 244 ¬niymn½yénsiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_¦
eTA énRkmenH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIGMLúgeBlEdlPtisnüamanGtßiPaB . GMLúgeBlenH GackMNt;k¾)an minkMNt;k¾)an .
58
kñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlenHeT PaKInImYy²GacesñIsMurMlayPtisnüa edayeyagtammaRta 615
ehIyGacbBaÄb;Pkisnüa eRkayeBlkMNt;mYy)anknøgputeTA)an .
eTaHbICaPtisnüaGclnvtßúk¾eday k¾mincaM)ac;eFVICalixityfaPUtk¾)anEdr . müa:geTot mincaM)ac;eFVICa
layl½kçN_GkSrk¾)anEdr . mann½yfa PtisnüaGclnvtßúEdl)aneFVIeLIgedaypÞal;mat;k¾mansuBlPaB Edr
. k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlmin)aneFVICalayl½kçN_GkSreT eyagtamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH PtisnüaenH
RtUv)ancat;TukfaCaPtisnüaEdlBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBl dUecñH PaKInImYy²GacesñIsMurMlayPtisnüa eday
eyagtammaRta 612 énRkmenH)an ehIysiT§irbs;Ptik³ rvagPaKIénPtisnüaenH manPaBexSayNas; .
eTaHCakñúgkrNIenHk¾eday Ptik³EdlkMBugkan;kab; ehIyeRbIR)as;nigGaRs½yplGclnvtßúenaH GacttaMg
siT§iCYlenHcMeBaHttiyCn)an müa:geTot EfmTaMgGacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTaredayEp¥kelIsiT§iRbtükS)an cMeBaH
karbMBanrbs;ttiyCn .
kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRtaenH Ecgfa bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 244 eTA kñúgRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaH
siT§iPtisnüaEdlmankMNt;GMLúgeBlcab;BI 15 qñaMeLIgeTA . kfaxNÐTI 3 enHKWCabBaØtþiEdlman
eKalKMnitdUc maRta 244 énRkmenHEdr .
müa:geTot maRta 604 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:unEcgfa GMLúgeBlénPtisnüaNaEdl)ankMNt;eBlelIs
20 qñaM RtUvbRgYjmkenARtwmEt 20 qñaM . tamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 106 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa
karCYlGclnvtßúman 3 RbePT KW karCYlry³eBlminkMNt; karCYlry³eBlEvg 15 qñaM b¤ elIs nig
karCYlry³eBlxøI eRkam 15 qñaM EtBMumankarkMNt;GLM úgeBlGtibrimaeT . maRta 1105 énRkmrdæb,evNI
cas;rbs;km<úCa ¬eFVIviesaFnkmμenAqñaM 1957¦ minTTYlsÁal;nUvPtisnüaEdlminmankMNt;GMLúgeBleT
ehIykñúgkrNIEdl)aneFVIPtisnüaedayKμankarkMNt;GMLúgeBl RtUvsnñidæanfaCaPtisnüaEdlmanGMLúgeBl
3 qñaM . elIsBIenH BMuGaceFVIPtisnüaedaykMNt;GLM úgeBlelIs 99 qñaM)aneLIy . kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta
1106 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa ¬viesaFnkmμenAqñaM 1957¦ fa PtisnüaEdlCYlelIsBIkMNt; 1
qñaMeLIgeTA RtUveFVICalayl½kçN_GkSrdrab ehIyPtisnüaGclnvtßúEdlkMNt;ry³eBlelIsBI 3 qñaM
RtUveFVICalixitbBa¢ak; b¤ eFVIenAmnÞIsarkarI . müa:geTot edIm,IcuHbBa¢I RtUvmanlixityfaPUt ehIyRbsinebI
cuHbBa¢IeTA nwgGacttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn)an . kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 109 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa TamTar[eFVI
Calayl½kçN_GkSr ehIykñúgkrNIEdlBMumansresrCalayl½kçN_GkSrnUvl½kçx½NÐénkic©snüaeT RtUvcat;Tuk
faCaPtisnüaEdlBMumankarkMNt;GMLúgeBl ehIyGacbBaÄb;PtisnüaenH edayCUndMNwgCamun kñúgry³eBl
esμInwgry³eBlbg;R)ak;QñÜl .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
59
maRta 1105/ maRta 1106/ maRta 1107 nig maRta 1141 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/
kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 106 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa/ maRta 604 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un
EpñkTI 2 GanuPaBénPtisnüa
maRta 600>- siT§i nig krNIykic©énkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl Ep¥ktamviFI

eRbIR)as; rbs;Ptik³
1-Ptik³ mansiT§i nig krNIykic© elIkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl
elIvtßúCYl edayEp¥keTAtamviFIeRbIR)as; EdlRtUv)ankMNt;enAkñúgkic©snüa b¤
tamlkçN³énvtßúCYlenaH .
2-ebIPtik³ )aneFVIxusnwgkrNIykic©énbBaØtþikfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH
PtibtIGacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .
3-PtibtI minRtUveFVI[raMgsÞHkñúgkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl EdlPtik³
eFVIedayEp¥ktamviFIeRbIR)as;eLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa Ptik³mansiT§ieRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplelIvtßúCYl edayEp¥ktamviFIeRbIR)as; ehIyman
krNIykic©dUcenHEdr . PtibtIminRtUvraraMgnUvkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplrbs;Ptik³ EdleFVItamtamviFIeRbI
R)as;enHeT .
kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;PtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlmankarbMBankrNIykic©
kñúgkareRbIR)as; nig GRs½ypltamviFIeRbIR)as; k¾b:uEnþ eTaHbIICaKμanbBaØtþienHk¾eday k¾siT§irMlaykic©snüaenH
RtUv)anTTYlsÁal; edayeyagtambBaØtþiTUeTAénkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© nig karbMBankic©snüaEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIl maRta 616/ kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 594 Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig maRta
1116 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa . cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 3 sUmemIlmaRta 112 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa .
maRta 601>- krNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgkarRKb;RKgedaysucrit rbs;Ptik³

1-Ptik³ mankrNIykic©RKb;RKgvtßúCYl edayRbugRby½tñ kñúgnamCaGñk
60
RKb;RKgedaysucrit .
2-ebIPtik³ )aneFVIxusnwgkrNIykic©énbBaØtþikfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH
PtibtIGacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Ptik³ kñúgkarRKb;RKgvtßúCYl kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit .
kñúgRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa manEcgGMBIkrNIykic©sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat kñúgkrNIEdlman
kar)at;bg; b¤ xUcxat kñúgmaRta 1118 sþIBIGclnvtßú kñúgmaRta 1142 sþIBIstV kñúgmaRta 1143 sþIBIsMeBA
sM)a:n TUkkþar nig kñúgmaRta 1144 sþIBIreTHsaLI sareBIeRKÓgRbdab;eFVIksiikmμ b¤ ]sSahkmμ .
kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH EcgGMBIsiT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;PtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlmankarbMBankrNIykic©
RbugRby½tñkñúgkarRKb;RKgedaysucrit k¾b:uEnþ eTaHBICaKμanbBaØtþienHk¾eday k¾siT§irMlaykic©snüa
RtUv)anTTYlsÁal; edayeyagtambBaØtþiTUeTAénkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© nig karbMBankic©snüaEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 400 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1118/ maRta 1142/ maRta 1143 nig maRta 1144 én
Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 602>- krNIykic©CYsCulrbs;PtibtI

PtibtI mankrNIykic©eFVIkarCYsCulEdlcaM)ac; sRmab;kareRbIR)as; nig
GaRs½ypl énvtßúCYlenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©CYsCulvtßúCYlrbs;PtibtI . {mankrNIykic©CYsCul} mann½yfa PtibtIRtUv
TTYlbnÞúknUvesah‘uyCYsCulEdlcaM)ac;edIm,IeRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplelIvtßúCYl edayEp¥keTAtamviFI
eRbIR)as; EdlRtUv)ankMNt;enAkñúgkic©snüa b¤ tamlkçN³énvtßúCYlenaH . müa:geTot maRta 111
énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCaEcgfa karEfTaMFmμtaénGclnvtßú KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Ptik³ ehIymaRtaenHGac
RtUv)anyl;eXIjfa esah‘uysRmab;karCYsCulcaM)ac;Fmμta ¬BaküeBcn_kñúgc,ab;PUmi)al KW esah‘uysRmab;
kar {EfTaM}¦ KWCabnÞúkrbs;Ptik³ .
Cakarc,as;Nas;ehIyEdlfa PaKIGaceFVIkarsnüaBIessGMBIkrNIykic©CYsCul b¤ bnÞúkénesah‘uy
CYsCul edayxusBIRkmrdæb,evNIk¾)anEdr .
61
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 606 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1720 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1111
nig maRta 1112 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa .
maRta 603>- skmμPaBEfrkSarbs;PtibtI

1-ebIPtibtI manbMNgcg;GnuvtþskmμPaBEdlcaM)ac;kñúgkarEfrkSavtßúCYl
Ptik³minGacbdiesF)aneLIy .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlPtibtImanbMNgcg;GnuvtþskmμPaBEdlcaM)ac;kñúgkarEf
rkSavtßúCYl pÞúyBIqnÞ³rbs;Ptik³ RbsinebIehtuenaH bNþal[Ptik³BMuGacseRmc
eKalbMNgénkarCYleT Ptik³GacTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl b¤ GacrMlaykic©
snüa)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa PtibtIGaceFVIskmμPaBcaM)ac;edIm,IEfrkSavtßúCYl dUcCakarCYsCulvtßúCYl CaGaT× .
Ptik³minGacbdiesFnwgskmμPaBenH)aneLIy k¾b:uEnþ ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlkarCYsCulGaKarb‘ulDij
TaMgRsug RtUveRbIeBlevlaeRcIn ehIyPtik³minGacseRmcnUveKaledAénPtisnüa Ptik³GacrMlayPtisnüa
edayeyagtamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH)an . kar {rMlay} EdlmankñúgenH mann½yfaCakar {CUndMNwg
rMlaykic©snüa} 7 . kñúgkrNIEdleKaledAénkic©snüaminEmnRtUv)anraraMgTaMgRsugeT b:uEnþ eKaledAEdl
manBIdMbUgRtUv)anraraMgmYyPaK ehIytémøénkareRbIR)as;vtßúCYlsRmab;Ptik³RtUv)ancuHfy eBlenaHPtik³
GacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTar[cuHbnßyéføQñÜlk¾)anEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 606 nig maRta 607 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1724 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/
maRta 1113 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 604>- siT§iTamTar[sgvij nUvesah‘uyrbs;Ptik³

1-ebIPtik³)ancMNayesah‘uycaM)ac; EdlRtUvCabnÞúkrbs;PtibtI cMeBaH
7
cMeBaH {karCUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} sUmemIlesckIkMNt;énmaRta 617 .
62
vtßúCYl Ptik³GacTamTarsMNgenaH BIPtibtI CabnÞan;)an .
2-ebIPtik³)ancMNayesah‘uyedIm,IEklMGvtßúCYl b¤ cMNayepSgeTot
edIm,IbegáIntémø luHRtaEtenAkñúgkrNIEdlkRmiténkMeNIntémøenaHenAEtman na
eBlbBa©b;PtisnüaEtb:ueNÑaHeT eTIbPtik³GacTamTarcMeBaHPtibtI [sgvijnUv
R)ak;Edl)ancMNay b¤ témøR)ak;EdlekInenaH edayEp¥ktamkareRCIserIsrbs;
PtibtI)an . b:uEnþ tulakarGacGnuBaØat edaykMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü [sgvij
eyaltamkarTamTarrbs;PtibtI)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTar[PtibtIsgvijnUvesah‘uy kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anecjesah‘uyCYsCulvtßú
CYl b¤ kñúgkrNIEdl)anecjesah‘uysRmab;EklMGvtßúCYl .
CaeKalkarN_ PtibtIRtUvTTYlbnÞúkesah‘uycaM)ac;sRmab;Ef;rkSavtßúCYl dUcCaesah‘uyCYsCul CaGaT×
¬RtUvehAfa {esah‘uycaM)ac;}¦ edayeyagtammaRta 602 énRkmenH ehIykñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anecj
CMnYssinenaH Ptik³GacTamTar[PtibtIsgesah‘uyenaHmkvij)an .
kñúgkrNIEdlminEmnCakarcaM)ac;edIm,IEfrkSaeT k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebIvtßúCYlRtUv)anEklMG nig begáIntémø
Ptik³Gac[PtibtIsgvijnUvesah‘uyEdlPtik³)ancMNayBitR)akd b¤ cMnYnTwkR)ak;éntémøEdlRtUv)anbegáIn
tamkareRCIserIsrbs;PtibtI)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 605>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;PtibtI cMeBaHvikar³énvtßúCYl
1-RbsinebIPtik³min)anBinitüsßanPaBénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénPtisnüafa
RtwmRtUvtamsßanPaBEdl)ankMNt;enAkñgú lixitkics
© nüa enAeBlTTYlkarRbKl;
vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH Ptik³minGacTamTar[PtibtI TTYlxusRtUv)aneLIy cMeBaH
PaBxusBIsaß nPaBEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúglixitkic©snüaEdlxøÜnGacdwgedaygay
RsYlebIBinitü .
2-enAkñúgkrNIEdlvtßúCYlmanvikar³kM)aMg ebIPtik³min)andwgGMBIvikar³
enaHeT Ptik³GacTamTar[CYsCulvikar³enaH b¤ [dUrvtßúEdlKμan vikar³ nig Gac
63
TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)an .
3-PtibtIGacCYsCulvikar³ edayesah‘uyxøÜn)an luHRtaEtmineFVI[man
karxUcxatedayminRtwmRtUvnUvplRbeyaCn_rbs;Ptik³ . b:uEnþ Ptik³minRtUv)an
raraMgkñúgkarGnuvtþsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy .
4-CMnYsnwgkarTamTarEdlkMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 xagelIenH Ptik³Gac
TamTar[bnßyéføQñÜlEdlsmrmünwgvikar³)an edayKittaMgBIeBlEdl)an
RbKl; .8
5-ebIBMuGacseRmcnUveKalbMNgEdl)aneFVIkic©snüa edaysarmUlehtu
énvikar³kM)aMgenaHeT Ptik³GacrMlayPtisnüaenaH)an .
6-karTamTar[CYsCul [dUr [bnßyéføQñÜl nig karrMlay RtUvGnuvtþ
enAkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdlPtik³)andwg b¤ eBlEdlRtUv
dwgGMBIehtuenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;PtibtIkñúgkarFananUvvikar³énvtßúCYl kñúgkrNIEdlvtßúCYlmanvikar³ .
eyagtammaRta 559 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un bBaØtþisþIBIkarlk;Tij RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaH
kic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚr eRkABIkic©snüalk;Tij . maRtaenHCabBaØtþiEdlRtUv)anEcgeLIg edIm,IbBa¢ak;[)an
c,as;las;nUveKalKMnitdUcmaRta 570 nig maRta566 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un .
xøwmsarénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³ mandUcCasMNgénkarxUcxat karrMlaykic©snüa RBmTaMg
karCYsCulvikar³ karbþÚrnwgvtßúEdlBMumanvikar³ karTamTar[cuHbnßyéføQñÜl .
dUckrNIlk;TijEdr KWPtibtImansiT§iCYsCulvikar³ ¬siT§iGnuvtþeBjelj¦ Edr ehIyGacrYcputBI
karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³enH)an tamry³karCYsCulvikar³ .
kar {rMlay} Edl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 5 énmaRtaenH mann½yfaCakar {CUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} .
kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 110 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa EcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Ptik³kñúgkarBinitü munnwg
TTYlkarRbKl;vtßúCYl ehIyRbsinebImin)anBinitüeT RtUvcat;Tukfa RtwmRtUvtaml½kçx½NÐdUcmanEcgkñúg
Ptisnüa . enAkñúgc,ab;PUmi)alenH minmanbBaØtþiNamYyEcgpÞal;eT b:uEnþ GacbkRsayfa kñúgkrNIenH
8
64
eTaHbICarkeXIjcMNucNamYyxusnwgl½kçx½NÐénPtisnüaeRkaykarTTYlk¾eday k¾Ptik³minGacTamTar[
PtibtITTYlxusRtUv)aneT . dUecñHehIy kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH k¾EcgdUceKalKMnitenHEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1115 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1721 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 110 én
c,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa
maRta 606>- siTi§rMlay nig siT§iTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl enAkñúgkrNIEdl

cMNUlfycuH
1-ebIPtik³éndIEdlmaneKalbMNgGaRs½yplBIdI TTYlpl)anticCag
éføQñÜl edaysarkrNIRbFanskþi Ptik³GacTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl rhUtdl;
RtwmcMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarGaRs½yplenaH)an .
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH ebIkarTTYlpl
)anticCagéføQñÜl elIsBI 2 ¬BIr¦ qñaM CabnþbnÞab; edaysarkrNIRbFanskþi
Ptik³GacrMlayPtisnüa)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTarbnßyéføQñÜl kñúgkrNIEdlcMNUlEdlPtik³TTYlBIdIFøIfycuH .
maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiEcgBiesssRmab;krNIEdlRbmUlpldMNaMBIdIERscMkarEdlCYl min)anl¥ edaysar
eRKaHFmμCati Etminrab;bBa©ÚlkrNIEdl)anCYldIsagsg;eragcRksRmab;plitTMnij EtTMnijenaHlk;min)an
ehIycMNUlmin)antamKeRmageLIy . cMNUlBIkarlk;TMnijEdl)anplitedayeragcRkEdlsßitelIdICYl
enaH minGaccat;TukfaCa {plBIdI} )aneLIy . cMeBaHkrNIEdlminEmnCapldMNaM min)anl¥eT EtCakrNI
EdlcMNUlBIdI)anfycuHTabCagéføQñÜl edaysarkarFøak;cuHtémødMNaMEdlminGacBüakr)anvij sUmTuk[
ecARkmkm<úCaeFVIkarvinicä½ynaeBlGnaKt .
kar {rMlay} Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH mann½yfaCakar {CUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} .
tamFmμta enAkm<úCa kñúgkrNIeRcIn karCYldIERscMkar manGMLúgeBl 1 qñaM ehIyPaKeRcInman
karRBmeRBogrvagPaKIGMBIkarbnßyéføQñÜl ehtuenHehIy RtUveKsegáteXIjfa erOgvivaTenHminsUvekIt
eLIgeT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
65
maRta 609 nig maRta 610 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un
maRta 607>- siT§irMlay nig siT§iTamTarbnßyéføQñÜl edaysarkar)at;bg; b¤

vinasvtßúCYlmYyPaK
1-ebIvtßúCYlmYyPaKRtUv)an)at;bg; b¤ vinas edayminEmnCakMhusrbs;
Ptik³eT Ptik³GacTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl eTAtamsmamaRténPaKEdlRtUv)an
)at;bg; b¤ vinasenaH)an .
2-kñúgkrNIénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH ebIPtik³BMuGacseRmceKalbMNg
Edl)aneFVIkic©snüaCYl eTAelIPaKEdlenAesssl;enaHeT Ptik³GacrMlay
Ptisnüa)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTar[bnßyéføQñÜl RBmTaMgsiT§irMlay kñúgkrNIEdlvtßúCYl)anvinasmYyPaKén
vtßúCYl .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 608>- Gnub,TansiT§iCYl nig karCYlbnþ nUvvtßúCYl

1-ebIKμankaryl;RBmBIPtibtIeT Ptik³BMuGaceFVIGnub,TansiT§iCYl b¤ CYl
bnþnUvvtßúCYl)aneLIy elIkElgEtkrNIénsiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ .
2-ebIPtik³)an[ttiyCneRbIR)as; b¤ GaRs½yplBIvtßúCYl pÞúynwgbBaØtþi
énkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH PtibtIGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcghammin[Ptik³eFVIGnub,TansiT§iCYl b¤ CYlbnþedayKμankaryl;RBmBIPtibtI ehIy
RBmCamYyKñaenH EcgGMBIsiT§irMlayPtisnüarbs;PtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)aneFVIGnub,TansiT§iCYl b¤ )an
CYlbnþ edayKμankaryl;RBmBIPtibtI . müa:geTot eyagtamyutþisa®sþrbs;Cb:un eTaHbICamanGnub,Tan
66
siT§iCYl b¤ karCYlbnþedayKμankaryl;RBmk¾eday RbsinebIminGacTTYlsÁal;fa GMeBIrbs;Ptik³enaH man
lkçN³rMelaPelITMnukcitþeT PtibtIminGacrMlayPtisnüa)aneLIy . enAkm<úCa k¾GacmankrNIxøHEdl
minGnuBaØat[eRbIsiT§irMlay)anedaysarkarrMlayenHKWCakareRbIsiT§iedaybMBan .
siT§iCYlGcié®nþy_ KWCasiT§iRbtükS EdlGaceFVIGnub,Tan b¤ CYlbnþedayesrI)an ehtuenHehIy Cakar
FmμtaeT k¾b:uEnþ edIm,IbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las; )anCaenAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 bEnßmBakü {elIkElgEtkrNI
énsiT§iCYlGcié®nþy_} . sUmemIlmaRta 252 énRkmenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 612 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1123 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 609>- karCYlbnþ

1-ebIPtik³)anCYlbnþ nUvvtßúCYledayRtwmRtUvtamc,ab; Ptik³bnþRtUvman
krNIykic©edaypÞal; cMeBaHPtibtI . cMeBaHkrNIykic©bg;éføQñÜlCYlbnþ Ptik³
bnþBMuGacykkarbg;éføCamuneTA[Ptik³ mkttaMgCamYyPtibtI )aneLIy .
2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH BMuraraMgdl;karGnuvtþsiT§irbs;PtibtI
cMeBaHPtik³eLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgsþIBIkrNIykic©rbs;Ptik³bnþ cMeBaHPtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anCYlbnþnUvvtßúCYl eday
RtwmRtUvtamc,ab; . Bakü {edayRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;} kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH mann½yfa PaKeRcIn
KWCakrNIEdl)anTTYlkaryl;RBmBIPtibtI k¾b:uEnþ eTaHbICaBMumankaryl;RBmBIPtibtIk¾eday EtRbsinebI
karrMlayedayPtibtI edayEp¥kelIkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 608 minGacTTYlsÁal; edaysarkarrMlayenaH
KWCakareRbIsiT§iedaybMBan CaGaT× k¾RtUvcat;Tukfa {edayRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;} Edr . cMeBaHkarCYlGcié®nþy_
k¾dUcKñaEdr eTaHbICaBMumankaryl;RBmBIPtibtIk¾eday k¾GacCYlbnþ)anEdr ehIykñúgkrNIenH k¾CakrNI
CYlbnþ {edayRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;} Edr dUecñHehIy RtUvGnuvtþmaRtaenHEdr .
eKalKMniténkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH KW ]TahrN_ cMeBaHkarTamTaréføQñÜl PtibtIGacykCeRmIs
TamTarBIPtik³CYlbnþ)an b¤ k¾TamTarBIPtik³)anEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
67
maRta 610>- krNIykic© nig eBlevlaénkarbg;éføQñÜl

1-Ptik³ mankrNIykic©bg;éføQñÜl eTA[PtibtI eTAtameBlevlaEdl
)ankMNt; .
2-enAkñúgkrNIEdlmin)ankMNt;CaBiessenAkñúgkic©snüa GMBIeBlevla
EdlRtUvbg;éføQñÜleT cMeBaHclnvtßú nig pÞH b¤ GaKar RtUvbg;enAerogral;cugEx
cMeBaHdIFøIvij RtUvbg;enAerogral;cugqñaM . b:uEnþ cMeBaHvtßúEdlmanrdUvRbmUlpl
RtUvbg;enAeRkayeBlEdlrdUvenaHknøgput edayKμankaryWty:av .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic© nig eBlevlaEdlRtUvbg;éføQñÜledayPtik³ . tambBaØtþiénRkmrdæb,evNI
CaeKalkarN_ Ptik³RtUvbg;éføQñÜlenAral;eBlEdlGMLúgeBlkMNt;mYy)anknøgputeTA k¾b:uEnþ PaKIGaceFVI
karsnüaBiessGMBIkarbg;éføQñÜlmunral;GMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;enaHk¾)anEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 611>- krNIykic©CUndMNwg rbs;Ptik³

ebImankarcaM)ac;elIkarCYsCulvtßúCYl b¤ ebImanttiyCnGHGagGMBIsiT§i
cMeBaHvtßúCYl Ptik³RtUvCUndMNwgenaHeTA[PtibtI edayKμankaryWty:av . b:uEnþ
bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy ebIPtibtI)andwgGMBIehtuenaHrYcehIy .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©CUndMNwgrbs;Ptik³ eTAPtibtI kñúgkrNIEdlmankarcaM)ac;RtUvCYsCulvtßúCYl
b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlmanttiyCnEdlGHGagGMBIsiT§iBak;B½n§nwgvtßúCYlenaH .
cMeBaHplubePaKvij kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 266 énRkmenH EcgGMBIkarsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat
kñúgkrNIEdlmankarbMBankrNIykic©CUndMNwg edayplubePaKI . k¾b:uEnþ krNIykic©Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúg
maRtaenH KWCakrNIykic©elIkic©snüa ¬katBVkic©¦ dUecñHehIy eBlmankarbMBankrNIykic© karEdl
68
GñkbMBanRtUvsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat KWCakarFmμtaeT . pÞúyeTAvij krNIykic©CUndMNwgrbs;plubePaKI
minEmnCakrNIykic©tampøÚvc,ab;siT§ielIbMNuleT KWCakrNIykic©tampøÚvc,ab;siT§iRbtükS ehtuenHehIy
RbsinebIKμanbBaØtþidUckfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 266 eT eTaHbICamankarxUcxatekIteLIg edaysarkareFVs
RbEhskñúgkarCUndMNwgedayplubePaKIk¾eday ebIkareFVsRbEhsenHminbMeBjl½kçx½NÐénGMeBIGnItüanukUl
eT kmμsiT§ikrminGacTamTar[plubePaKITTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneLIy . dUecñHehIy caM)ac;
RtUvbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;fa karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;plubePaKIenaH KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvEdlc,ab;)ankMNt; .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
EpñkTI 3 karbBa©b;Ptisnüa
maRta 612>- karputGMLúgeBlkMNt;

PtisnüaEdlmankMNt;GMLúgeBl RtUvbBa©b;edaykarputGMLúgeBlEdl
)ankMNt;enaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa PtisnüaRtUvbBa©b;edaykarputGMLúgeBlkMNt;edayPtisnüaenaH . edaysarEt
enHKWCaxøwmsarFmμta mincaM)ac;bBaØtþk¾)anEdr ehtuenHehIy)anCa kñúgRkmrdæb,evNICb:un BMumanbBaØtþidUc
maRtaenHeT .
maRta 613>- karbdiesFkarbnþCafμI nUvPtisnüaGclnvtßú

cMeBaHPtisnüaGclnvtßú ebIPaKImçagBMu)anbgðajqnÞ³bdiesFkarbnþCafμI
enAmunry³eBl 3 ¬bI¦ Ex munputkMNt;GMLúgeBl cMeBaHpÞH b¤ GaKar b¤ enAmun
ry³eBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM munputkMNt;GMLúgeBl cMeBaHdIFøI eTAPaKImçageToteT
RtUvcat;Tukfa)anyl;RBmkñúgkarbnþCafμI . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH PtisnüaEdlRtUv
)anbnþCafμIenH KWCaPtisnüaEdlBMumankMNt;GMLúgeBl .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarbnþPtisnüaGclnvtßúEdlkMNt;GMLúgeBl kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçagBMu)anCUndMNwgeTA
69
PaKImçageTotfa bdiesFnUvkarbnþCafμInUvPtisnüa enAmunry³eBlkMNt;mYy muneBlputGMLúgeBlén
Ptisnüa . k¾b:uEnþ siT§iCYleRkayeBlbnþCafμI BMumankMNt;GMLúgeBleT ehtuenHehIy PaKINamçag
k¾GacesñIsMurMlayPtisnüaenH eyagtammaRta 615 énRkmenH enAeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIyPtisnüanwgRtUv
bBa©b; 3 ExeRkaykaresñIsMurMlay kñúgkrNICYlGaKar nig 1 qñaM eRkaykaresñIsMurMlay kñúgkrNICYldIFøI .
mann½yfa karkarBarPtik³manPaBexSayCag ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgmuneBlbnþPtisnüaCafμI .
RbsinebIPtibtI)anbgðajqnÞ³bdiesFkarbnþCafμIehIy EteRkayeBlputGMLúgeBl BMu)anTamTar[Ptik³
ecjeT GacbkRsay)anfaCakarbgðajqnÞ³bnþCafμIedaytuNðIPaB eday)andkqnÞ³bdiesFBImun)an . k¾b:uEnþ
kñúgRkmenH bBaØtþisnμtedayc,ab;GMBIcMNucenH minRtUv)anerobcMeT .
müa:geTot maRta 1133 nig maRta 1134 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa k¾tRmUv[manGMLúgeBl
kMNt;mYy sRmab;CUndMNwgCamun kñúgkrNIbdiesFkarbnþCafμI .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 26 énc,ab;sþIBIkarCYldI nig karCYlpÞHrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 1133 nig maRta 1134 énRkm
rdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 614>- karbnþCafμIedaytuNðIPaB

cMeBaHPtisnüaclnvtßú enAkñúgkrNIEdlPtik³)anbnþkareRbIR)as; b¤
GaRs½yplelIvtßúCYlenaH eTaHenAeRkayGMLúgeBlénPtisnüa )anputkMNt;ehIy
k¾eday ebIPtibtI)andwgGMBIehtuenaHehIy Etmin)aneFVIkartva:eT RtUvsnμtfaCa
PtisnüaEdl)anbnþCafμI edayKμankMNt;GMLúgeBl ehIymanl½kçx½NÐdUcKñanwg
kic©snüaEdl)anCYlBImun elIkElgEtGMLúgeBlecj .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarbnþCafμInUvPtisnüaclnvtßú kñúgkrNIEdlPtibtI)andwgfa Ptik³bnþkareRbIR)as; nig
GaRs½yplelIvtßúCYl eRkayGMLúgeBlénPtisnüa )anknøgput EtBMu)aneFVIkartva:cMeBaHehtuenH . k¾b:uEnþ
siT§iCYlEdlbegáIteLIgeRkaykarbnþCafμIenaH køayeTACasiT§iCYlEdlKμankMNt;GMLúgeBl ehtuenHehIy
PaKINamçagk¾GacesñIsMurMlayPtisnüa edayeyagtammaRta 615 énRkmenH enAeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIy
PtisnüanwgRtUvbBa©b; [Et 1 éf¶)anknøgputeTA ehtudUecñH karkarBarPtik³nwgmanPaBexSayCagsiT§iCYl
EdlmanmuneBlbnþCafμIenaH .
70
kñúgkrNIEdlCaPtisnüaGclnvtßú eyagtammaRtamun RbsinebIPaKImçagBMu)anbgðajqnÞ³bdiesFkarbnþ
CafμI cMeBaHPaKImçageTot enAmuneBlkMNt;mYy muneBlputGMLúgeBlénPtisnüaeT PtisnüaenaHnwgRtUv
bnþCafμIedaysV½yRbvtþi .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 615>- karesñIsMu[rMlayPtisnüaEdlBMumankMNt;GMLúgeBl

1-ebIBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlCYlenAkñúgkic©snüaeT PaKInImYy²GacesñIsMu[
rMlaykic©snüa enAeBlNak¾)an . kñúgkrNIEdlkaresñIsuM[rMlay min)an
bBa¢ak;GMBIeBlrlay nig kñúgkrNIEdlGMLúgeBlcab;BIeBlesñIsuM[rMlay
rhUtdl;eBlrlayEdl)anbBa¢ak;enAkñúgkaresñIsuM[rMlayenaH ticCagGMLúg
eBldUc)ankMNt;xageRkamenH PtisnüaRtUvrlay enAeBlEdlGMLúgeBldUc
)ankMNt;xageRkamenH )anknøghYs Kitcab;BIeBlesñIsuM[rMlay ³
k-1 ¬mYy¦ éf¶ cMeBaHclnvtßú .
x-3 ¬bI¦ Ex cMeBaHGaKar .
K-1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM cMeBaHdIFøI .
2-cMeBaHPtisnüadIFøIEdlmanrdUvRbmUlpl RtUveFVIkaresñIsMurMlaykic©snüa
enAeRkayrdUvenaH munkarcab;epþImkareFVIksikmμ sRmab;rdUvbnÞab; .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénPtisnüaeT PaKINamçagk¾GacesñIsMu[rMlay
Ptisnüa enAeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIyPtisnüaenaHnwgRtUvbBa©b; enAeBl 1 éf¶ )anknøgputeTA cMeBaHclnvtßú
eBl 3 Ex )anknøgputeTA cMeBaHGaKar nig eBl 1 qñaM )anknøgputeTA cMeBaHdIFøI .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 617 énRkmrdæb,evNIICb:un
maRta 616>- karrkSaTuksiT§irMlaykic©snüa
71
eTaHenAkñúgkrNIEdlPaKI)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénPtisnüak¾eday bBaØtþién
maRta 615 ¬karesñIsMu[rMlayPtisnüaEdlBMumankMNt;GMLúgeBl¦ xagelIenH
RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr ebIPaKIEtmçag b¤ PaKITaMgsgxag )anrkSaTuknUvsiT§i
GMNacGnuvtþkarrMlaykic©snüa enAkñúgGMLúgeBlenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa eTaHbICaPtisnüamankMNt;GMLúgeBlk¾eday kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçag b¤ PaKITaMgsgxag
)anrkSaTuknUvsiT§irMlaykic©snüa RbsinebIsiT§irMlaykic©snüaenaHRtUv)anGnuvtþ k¾PtisnüaenaHnwgRtUvbBa©b;
eRkaykarknøgputeTAénGMLúgeBlmYy bnÞab;BIeBl)anGnuvtþsiT§irMlayenH edayykbBaØtþiénmaRta 615
mkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 617>- PaBKμanGanuPaBRbtiskmμénkarrMlaykic©snüa

enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anrMlayPtisnüa karrMlaykic©snüaenaH RtUvman
GanuPaBeq<aHeTAGnaKtEtb:ueNÑaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa karrMlayPtisnüa BMumanGanuPaBRbtiskmμeT mann½yfa PtisnüaenH BMuEmnKμan
kMeNIteLIgtaMgBIdMbUgenaHmkeT . edIm,IeFVIkarEbgEck[)anc,as;las;rvagkarrMlayPtisnüaEdlKμan
GanuPaBRbtiskmμénkarrMlay nig karrMlayFmμtaEdlmanGanuPaBRbtiskmμ tamnItisa®sþ RtUveRbIBakü
{karCUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 618>- krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúCYl

1-ebIPtisnüaRtUv)anbBa©b;ehIy Ptik³mankrNIykic©eFVIbdiTanvtßúCYl
RbKl;eTA[PtibtIvij CabnÞan; .
72
2-elIkElgEtkar)ak;Ebk xUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarkareRbIR)as;Ca
Fmμta Ptik³RtUvCYsCulkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarmUlehtuCabnÞúkrbs;
xøÜneLIgvij b¤ RtUvmankrNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Ptik³ kñúgkareFVIbdiTanvtßúCYl nig kñúgkarRbKl;vtßúenaHeTA[PtibtIvij
enAeBlEdlPtisnüaRtUv)anbBa©b; . Ptik³RtUvCYsCuleLIgvij nUvkarxUtxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarsar
mUlehtuCabnÞúkrbs;xøÜn ehIykñúgkrNIEdlminGacCYsCulvij)aneT RtUvsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH k¾b:uEnþ
cMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgCaFmμCati edaysarkareRbIR)as;Fmμta dUcCakarbþÚrBN’énRkdas;CBa¢aMg
edaysarBnøWRBHGaTitü b¤ karRbLak;énkRmal CaGaT× Ptik³BMumankrNIykic©eFVIkarbdiTan b¤ krNIykic©sg
nUvsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy . témøcuHfyénvtßúCYl edaysarkarxUcxatCaFmμCatienaH RtUv)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúg
éføQñÜlrYceRsceTAehIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 597 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr
edaymaRta 616 énRkmdEdlenH ehIycMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 2 vij sUmemIlmaRta 1121 énRkmrdæb,evNI
cas;rbs;km<úCa nig maRta 111 énc,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCa .
maRta 619>- siT§iruHerIecj rbs;Ptik³

ebIPtisnüaRtUv)anbBa©b;ehIy Ptik³GacruHerIecj nUvvtßúEdl)anP¢ab;Ca
mYynwgvtßúCYlenaH )an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iruHerIrbs;Ptik³ nUvvtßúEdlxøÜn)anP¢ab;CamYynwgvtßúCYl enAeBlbBa©b;Ptisnüa .
Ptik³mansiT§iruHerI RBmCamYyKñaenH mankrNIykic©ruHerIEdr ¬mann½yfa krNIykic©eFVIbdiTan¦ . PtibtI
GacGnueRKaHkrNIykic©eFVIbdiTan)an EtminGacdkhUtnUvsiT§iruHerIrbs;Ptik³ edayTMenIgcitþxøÜn)aneLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 598 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr edaymaRta 616 énRkmdEdl
73
maRta 620>- siT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;snþtiCn enAkñúgkrNIEdlPtik³TTYl
mrNPaB
RbsinebIKμanbMNgcg;bnþPtisnüateTAeToteT snþtiCnrbs;Ptik³ Gac
rMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgTTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§irMlayrbs;snþtiCnénPtik³ edayKiteXIjfa eTaHbICaPtik³ b¤ PtibtI
)anTTYlmrNPaBk¾eday TMnak;TMngénPtisnüanwgRtUv)anTTYlbnþedaysnþtiCnrbs;GñkenaH EtkñúgkrNI
EdlPtik³)anTTYlmrNPaB ehIyRbsinebIsnþtiCnrbs;Ptik³enaH minmanplRbeyaCn_BIkarbnþPtisnüa
enHeT ehIyenA[GñkenHTTYlkrNIykic©bg;éføQñÜl vaKWCakarminsmrmü ehtuenHehIy maRtaenHTTYlsÁal;
nUvsiT§irMlayPtisnüarbs;snþtiCnxagPtik³ . Bakü {rMlay} enAkñúgenH mann½yfa {CUndMNwgrMlay
kic©snüa} .
müa:geTot maRta 1130 énRkmrdæb,evNBIcas;rbs;km<úCa Ecgfa kñúgkrNIEdlPtik³TTYlmrNPaB
RbsinebIsnþtiCnrbs;Ptik³enaH mincg;bnþPtisnüaeT PtisnüaenaHnwgRtUvbBa©b; .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 621>- GMLúgeBleRbIsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat nig karTamTar[

sgesah‘uymkvij
sMNgénkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarPtik³ kñúgkareRbIR)as; nig
GaRs½yplEdlpÞúynwgGtßn½yedIménkic©snüa nig karsgmkvijnUvesah‘uy
EdlPtik³)anecj RtUvTamTarenAkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBl
EdlPtibtI)anTTYlkarsgvtßúCYlenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa siT§irbs;PtibtIkñúgkarTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat cMeBaHkarxUcxatEdl)anekIteLIg
edaysarkareRbI nig GaRs½yplEdlpÞúynwgGtßn½yénPtisnüa rbs;Ptik³ nig siT§irbs;Ptik³kñúgkarTamTar
[sgmkvijnUvesah‘uyrbs;Ptik³ecj caM)ac;RtUvGnuvtþkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 qñaM eRkaykarRbKl;vijnUvvtßúCYl
74
eTA[PtibtI . GMLúgeBlenHBMuEmnCaGMLúgeBlsRmab;kardak;BakübNþwgeT . mann½yfa RbsinebI
RKan;EtCUndMNwgGMBIqnÞ³GnuvtþsiT§irbs;xøÜneRkAtulakareTA kñúgGMLúgeBl 1 qñaMenH vaCakarRKb;RKan;ehIy
edIm,IkuM[rMlt;siT§i TamTarenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
EpñkTI 4 kic©snüaRbvas;
¬kMNt;¦
enAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa manbBaØtþisþIBIkic©snüaRbvas; ¬métayage¦ xøH²Edr . k¾b:uEnþ
Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig c,ab;PUmi)alkm<úCavij KμanbBaØtþisþIBIkarRbvas;eT . rIÉenAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
manEtbBaØtþisþIBIkarCYlstVBahn³ cab;BImaRta 1827 eTA .
kic©snüaRbvas; KWCaRbePTBiessénPtisnüa k¾b:uEnþ edayEp¥kelIeKalkarN_esrIPaBkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa
[EtPaKITaMgsgxagRBmeRBogKña KWGacbegáItPtisnüaEdlmanxøwmsardUcenH)an . enARbeTskm<úCa
eKsegáteXIjfa tamCnbT kic©snüaRbvas;dUcenH manminRtwmEtkarRbvas;dIERscMkarb:ueNÑaHeT KWman
TaMgkarRbvas;sMeBAsM)a:n stVBahn³ CaedIm Edr . k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebIbeNþay[eFVIkic©snüaRbvas;TUlay
xøaMgeBkeTA nwgkøayCaminGacEbgEckBIkic©snüaRkumh‘un)aneT ehtuenHehIy kñúgenH RtUvkRmitRtwmEt
karRbvas;dIFøI nig stVBahn³b:ueNÑaH .
maRta 622>- Gtßn½yénkic©snüaRbvas;

kic©snüaEdlkmμsiT§ikr [Ptik³x©IdI b¤ stVBahn³ edIm,ITajykpl
ehIyykplenaH mkEbgEckKña rvagPtibtI nig Ptik³ ehAfa kic©snüaRbvas; .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkic©snüaRbvas; .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 623>- rebobEbgEckpl
75
ebIBMu)ankMNt;GMBIrebobEbgEckpleT RtUvcat;Tukfa RtUvEbgEckesμI²PaK
Kña .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa kñúgkic©snüaRbvas; kñúgkrNIEdlBMumankMNt;BiessGVIGMBIviFIEbgEckpleT RtUveFVIkar
EbgEck[esμIPaBKña .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 624>- siT§icat;Ecgpl rbs;Ptik³

luHRtaEtenAeRkayeBlEdl)anbBa©b;karEckPaKénpleTA[PtibtIrYc
ehIy eTIbPtik³énkarRbvas; Gaccat;EcgplEdlCacMENkrbs;xøÜn)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa siT§icat;Ecgplrbs;Ptik³ BMuGacGnuvtþ)aneLIy RbsinebIminTan;)anEbgEckpldl;
PtibtIeT . bBaØtþienHmaneKalKMnitEdlmanxøwmsarfa RtUvEbgEckplCak;EsþgEdl)anTTYl Camunsin kñúg
kic©snüaRbvas; .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
CMBUkTI 6 karx©IeRbI
maRta 625>- niymn½yénkarx©IeRbI

karx©IeRbI sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKImçag [PaKImçageTot eRbIR)as;
nig GaRs½ypl nUvvtúßNamYy edaymin[bg;éfø .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkarx©IeRbI .
maRta 626>- l½kçx½NÐénkarbegáItkarx©IeRbI

76
kic©snüax©IeRbI RtUvmanGanuPaB edayPaKImçag TTYlykvtßúNamYyBIPaKI
mçageTot ehIysnüafanwgsgvtßúenaH eRkayBI)aneRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl
edayminbg;éfø .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐénkarbegáItkic©snüax©IeRbI . kic©snüax©IeRbI KWCakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIt
edaykarRbKl;vtßú ehIynwgmansuBlPaBenAeBlEdlGñkx©IeRbI)anTTYlkarRbKl;Cak;EsþgnUvvtßúx©I . müa:g
eTot kic©snüax©IeRbI KWCakic©snüaÉketaPaKI ¬contrat unilatéral¦ ehIyCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚreT
¬kic©snüamuFa¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 627>- krNIykic©rbs;Gñkx©I enAkñúgkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl

1-Gñkx©I RtUvrkSaTukvtßúx©I edayRbugRby½tñ kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgeday
sucrit .
2-Gñkx©I RtUveRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplvtßúenaH tamkic©snüa b¤ edayEp¥k
tamviFIeRbI EdlRtUv)ankMNt;tamnisS½yénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH .
3-ebIKμankaryl;RBmBIGñk[x©IeT Gñkx©IBMuGac[ttiyCneRbIR)as; b¤
GaRs½ypl BIvtßúx©IenaH)aneLIy .
4-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkx©IeFVIpÞúynwgbBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 TI 2 b¤ TI 3 xagelI
enH Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüa)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Gñkx©IeRbI cMeBaHkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplBIvtßúx©I . kñúgkrNIEdlman
karbMBannwgkrNIykic©enH Gñk[x©IGacrMlaykic©snüa)an . maRtaenHRsbnwgmaRta 600 maRta 601 nig
maRta 608 sþIBIPtisnüa kñúgRkmenH . Bakü {rMlay} kñúgmaRtaenH mann½yfa {CUndMNwgrMlaykic©snüa} .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 400 nig maRta 594 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1880 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
77
maRta 628>- bnÞúkelIesah‘uy
1-Gñkx©I RtUvTTYlbnÞúkelIesah‘uycaM)ac;Fmμta énvtßúx©I .
2-RbsinebIGñkx©I)anecjcMNayesah‘uycaM)ac;elIkarCYsCulFM² CaGaT×
eRkABIesah‘uycaM)ac;Fmμta b¤ )ancMNayR)ak;edIm,IEklMG b¤ cMNayepSgedIm,I
begáIntémø enAeBlEdlkarx©IeRbIRtUv)anbBa©b; Gñkx©IGacTamTarcMeBaHGñk[x©I [
sgvijnUvR)ak;Edl)ancMNay b¤ témøR)ak;EdlekInenaH tamkareRCIserIsrbs;
Gñk[x©I kñúgkRmitEdlkMeNIntémøenaHenAEtman . b:uEnþ tulakarGacGnuBaØat[
sg edaykMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü eyaltamkarTamTarrbs;Gñk[x©I)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiEcgGMBIbnÞúkrbs;Gñk[x©I b¤ Gñkx©I elIcMNayedIm,IeFVIkarEfrkSa b¤ EklMGvtßúx©I .
xusBImaRta 602 nig maRta 604 sþIBIPtisnüa énRkmenH cMeBaHkic©snüax©IeRbI EdlCakic©snüaEdlminyk
témøfñÚr ¬kic©snüamuFa¦ Gñkx©IeRbIRtUvTTYlbnÞúknUvesah‘uycaM)ac;Fmμta dUcCaesah‘uysRmab;CYsCultUc² .
rIÉesah‘uysRmab;karCYsCulFM² b¤ esah‘uybegáIttémøedIm,IEklMG RtUv[Gñk[x©Ibg;edayeFVIkareRCIserIs
esah‘uyEdl)ancMNayCak;Esþg b¤ cMnYnTwkR)ak;Edl)anbegáIntémøénvtßú[x©IenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 629>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñk[x©I

Gñk[x©I BMuTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana cMeBaHvikar³énvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarx©I
eRbI b¤ karxVHsiT§ieT . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy ebIGñk[x©I)andwg
GMBIvikar³ b¤ karxVHsiT§ienaHehIy EtBMu)anCUndMNwgeTAGñkx©I .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa Gñk[x©IminTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanaeLIy eTaHbICakñúgkrNIEdlvtßú[x©IenaH manvikar³ b¤
siT§ielIvtßúenaHmanvikar³k¾eday elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©I)andwgGMBIvikar³enaH Etmin)anR)ab;dl;Gñkx©I .
kic©snüax©IeRbI KWCakic©snüaEdlminyktémøfñÚr ¬kic©snüamuFa¦ ehtuenHehIy CaeKalkarN_ Gñk[x©I
minTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkarFanaeT .
78
cMeBaHxøwmsarénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana kñúgkrNIBiessEdlGñk[x©IRtUvTTYlxusRtUvvij sUmemIl
maRta 605 énRkmenH sþIBIPtisnüa .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 630>- karbBa©b;karx©IeRbI eyaltamkarputkMNt;GMLúgeBl b¤ cb;kar

eRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl
1-karx©IeRbIEdlmankMNt;GMLúgeBl RtUvbBa©b;edaykarputkMNt;GMLúg
eBl .
2-enAkñúgkrNIEdlPaKImin)ankMNt;GMLúgeBl RbsinebI)ankMNt;GMBI
eKalbMNgénkarx©IeRbI karx©IeRbInwgRtUvbBa©b; enAeBlEdlGñkx©I)anbB©ab;kareRbI
R)as; nig GaRs½yplvtßúx©I tameKalbMNgenaH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkx©IBMu)an
bB©ab;kareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½ypl edaysarkareFVsRbEhskñúgkareRbIR)as;
nig GaRs½ypl karx©IeRbInwgRtUvbB©ab; bnÞab;BIGMLúgeBlEdlRKb;RKan;edIm,I
GnuvtþkareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplenaH )anknøgput .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIeBlbBa©b;kic©snüax©IeRbI sRmab;krNIénkic©snüax©IeRbIEdlmankarkMNt;GMLúgeBl
enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig sRmab;krNIénkic©snüax©IeRbIEdlmankMNt;EteKalbMNgénkareRbIR)as; EtBMuman
kMNt;GMLúgeBleRbIR)as; enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
kfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 597 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1888 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 631>- karesñIsMu[rMlaykic©snüaBIGñk[x©I

1-ebIBMu)ankMNt;TaMgGMLúgeBl nig eKalbMNgpgeT Gñk[x©IGacesñIsMu
rMlaykic©snüax©IeRbI enAeBlNak¾)an .
79
2-eTaHCaenAmunkarputkMNt;GMLúgeBl b¤ enAmunkarbB©ab;kareRbIR)as;
nig GaRs½yplk¾eday RbsinebImankrNIbnÞan; nig caM)ac;ekItmaneLIgcMeBaH
vtßúx©I EdlGñk[x©IBMuGacBüakr)an Gñk[x©IGacesñIsMurMlaykic©snüax©IeRbI)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIBIr EdlGñk[x©IGacesñIsMurMlaykic©snüa)an . mann½yfa kfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBI
krNIEdlkic©snüaBMumankarkMNt;nUvGMLúgeBleRbIR)as; nig eKalbMNgeRbIR)as; rIÉkfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBI
krNIEdlGñk[x©I mankarbnÞan; RBmTaMgmankarcaM)ac;EdlminGacBüakr)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlkfaxNÐTI 3 maRta 597 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 2
sUmemIlmaRta 1889 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg .
maRta 632>- karesñIsMu[rMlaykic©snüaBIGñkx©I

eTaHbI)ankMNt; b¤ min)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlk¾eday Gñkx©IGacesñIsMurMlay
kic©snüax©IeRbI enAeBlNak¾)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñk[x©ImanplRbeyaCn_
eTAelIGMLúgeBlenaH Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxat EdlekIteLIg
edaysarkaresñIsMurMlaykic©snüaenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa Gñkx©IGacesñIsMurMlaykic©snüax©IeBlNak¾)anEdr ehIybBaØtþienHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgeday
Ep¥kelIRTwsþInItisa®sþCb:un . vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHEcgsRmab;krNIdUcCa krNIEdlGñk[x©I)aneTAeFVIkar
enAbreTsry³eBlEvg ehIy)an[GñkepSgx©IpÞHrbs;xøÜnedayminyktémøfñÚr edIm,I[GñkenaHCYyRKb;RKg
RbsinebIGñkx©IesñIsuMrMlaykic©snüaenaH pÞHenH)at;GñkRKb;RKg karxUcxatGacekIteLIg edaysarGvtþman
rbs;GñkRKb;RKgenaH .
maRta 633>- karbBa©b;karx©IeRbIedaysarmrNPaBrbs;Gñkx©I

karx©IeRbI nwgRtUvbBa©b;edaysarmrNPaBrbs;Gñkx©I .
¬kMNt;¦
80
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarbBa©b;karx©IeRbI kñúgkrNIEdlGñkx©I)anTTYlmrNPaB . bBaØtþienHEp¥keTAelIlkçN³
Biessénkarx©IeRbI mann½yfa kñúgkarx©IeRbIenH Gñk[x©ImanTMnukcitþeTAelIGñkx©I eTIb[x©IeRbIedayBMuyktémøfñÚr .
ehtuenHehIy eTaHbICaGñk[x©I)anTTYlmrNPaBk¾eday RbsinebIBMumanl½kçx½NÐBiesseT karx©IeRbIenHmin
RtUv)anbBa©b;eLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 634>- krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúx©I

1-enAeBlEdlkarx©IeRbIRtUv)anbBa©b;ehIy Gñkx©ImankrNIykic©RtUveFVI
bdiTanvtßúx©IenaH ehIyRbKl;eTA[Gñk[x©Ivij CabnÞan; .
2-elIkElgEtkar)ak;Ebk karxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarkareRbIR)as;
CaFmμta Gñkx©IRtUvCYsCulkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarmUlehtuCabnÞúkrbs;
xøÜneLIgvij b¤ RtUvmankrNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©eFVIbdiTan nig krNIykic©RbKl;sgvijnUvvtßúx©IeRbIrbs;Gñkx©I eBlbBa©b;
karx©IeRbI . Gñkx©IRtUvCYsCulnUvkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarmUlehtuCabnÞúkrbs;xøÜn ehIyRbsinebI
minGacCYsCuleLIgvij)aneT RtUvsgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH . k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIg
edayFmμCati edaykareRbIR)as;Fmμta dUcCaRkdas;CBa¢aMgEdlbþÚrBN’ b¤ kRmalEdlRbLak; CaGaT×
Gñkx©IeRbIBMumankrNIykic©CYsCul b¤ sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenaHeLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 635>- siT§iruHerIecjrbs;Gñkx©I

ebIkic©snüax©IeRbI RtUv)anbBa©b;ehIy Gñkx©IGacruHerIecj nUvvtßúEdl)anP¢ab;
CamYynwgvtßúx©IenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iruHerIrbs;Gñkx©I nUvvtßúEdlxøÜn)anP¢ab;CamYynwgvtßúx©I enAeBlbBa©b;kic©snüax©IeRbI .
81
Gñkx©ImansiT§iruHerI RBmCamYyKñaenH mankrNIykic©ruHerIEdr ¬mann½yfa krNIykic©eFVIbdiTan¦ . Gñk[x©IGac
GnueRKaHcMeBaHkrNIykic©eFVIbdiTan)an EtminGacdkhUtnUvsiT§iruHerIrbs;Gñkx©I tamTMenIgcitþxøÜn)aneLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 636>- GMLúgeBleRbIsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat nig TamTar[sg

esah‘uymkvij
sMNgénkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarGñkx©I kñúgkareRbIR)as; b¤ GaRs½y
plEdlpÞúynwgGtßn½yedIménkic©snüa nig karsgmkvijnUvesah‘uyEdlGñkx©I
)anecj RtUvTamTarenAkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdlGñk[x©I)an
TTYlkarsgvtßúx©IenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa siT§iTamTarrbs;Gñk[x©I kñúgkarTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatEdl)anekIteLIg edaysar
kareRbIR)as; nig GaRs½yplEdlpÞúynwgGtßn½yénkic©snüax©IeRbIrbs;Gñkx©I b¤ siT§irTamTarrbs;Gñkx©I
kñúgkarTamTar[sgvijnUvesah‘uy ¬esah‘uyeRkABIesah‘uycaM)ac;Fmμta nig esah‘uyedIm,IbegáIntémø¦
edayEp¥kelIkfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 628 énRkmenH caM)ac;RtUvGnuvtþkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 qñaM eRkaykarRbKl;
vijnUvvtßúx©I eTA[Gñk[x©I . GMLúgeBlenHBMuEmnCaGMLúgeBlEdlRtUvEtdak;BakübNþwgeT . mann½yfa
RbsinebIRKan;EtCUndMNwgGMBIqnÞ³GnuvtþsiT§irbs;xøÜneRkAtulakareTA kñúgGMLúgeBl 1 qñaMenH vaCakarRKb;RKan;
ehIy edIm,IkuM[rMlt;siT§iTamTarenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
CMBUkTI 7 GaNtþi
¬kMNt;¦
CMBUkTI 7 enH EcgGMBIkic©snüaGaNtþi . Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa manbBaØtþisþIBIkic©snüaGaNtþi
cMnYn 19 maRta cab;BImaRta 1268 dl;maRta 1286 .
RbsinebIeRbobeFobc,ab;énbNþaRbeTsnana manRbeTsCaeRcInEdl)anerobcMbBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþi enAkñúg
82
Rkmrdæb,evNI . ]TahrN_ maRta 643 dl;maRta 565 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un ¬14 maRta¦/ maRta 229
dl;maRta 259 énKnßIsþIBIlT§kmμRTB,sm,tþi énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;Cb:un ¬31 maRta¦/ maRta 1984
dl;maRta 2010 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg ¬27 maRta¦/ maRta 1984 dl;maRta 2010 énRkmrdæb,evNI
EblhSik ¬27 maRta¦/ maRta 1703 dl;maRta 1741 énRkmrdæb,evNIGuItalI ¬39 maRta¦/ maRta
1709 dl;maRta 1739 énRkmrdæbmevNIeGs,a:j ¬31 maRta¦/ maRta 662 dl;maRta 676
énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; ¬15 maRta¦/ maRta 394 dl;maRta 418 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs
¬26 maRta¦/ maRta 2130 dl;maRta 2185 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic ¬56 maRta¦ CaGaT× . b:uEnþ
enAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNIénRbeTsmYycMnYn bBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþi rab;bBa©ÚlpgEdrnUvbBaØtþisþIBIRbB½n§EdlmanlkçN³
RsedogKñanwgGaNtþi dUcCakartMNag ¬kartMNagEdlc,ab;)ankMNt;¦ ¬Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig ekbic¦
eCIgsar nig dwkCBa¢Ún ¬Rkmrdæb,evNIGuItalI¦ QñÜjkNþal nig QñÜjlk;duM ¬maRta 418 a dl;maRta 418 v
énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs¦ .
kñúgcMeNamRkmrdæb,evNIénbNþaRbeTsnana bBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþi énRkmenH RtUv)anerobcMeLIg edayyk
Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg CaGaT× mkeFVICamUldæancm,g .
maRta 637>- niymn½yénGaNtþi

GaNtþisMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYyEdlPaKImçag ehAfa GaNtþiTayk RbKl;
siT§iGMNac[PaKImçageTot ehAfa GaNtþiKahk eFVIkarcat;Ecgkic©karedIm,I
GaNtþiTayk .
¬kMNt;¦
¬1¦ esckþIBisþarsþIBInItikmμ
eyagtammaRta 1268 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa maRtaenHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgCabBaØtþiEdlkMNt;
niymn½y . cMeBaHcMNucenH xusKñaBImaRta 643 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un . b:uEnþ Xøafa }kñúgnamxøÜn} nig
{tagxønÜ { EdlRtUv)aneRbIenAkñgú maRta 1268 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa RtUv)anlubecal .
mUlehtuEdleyIgeFVkI arlubecalenH edaysarEtmankarTietonBIGñkc,ab;km<úCafa mindwgCaXøaenHcg;sMedA
eTAelIGñkNa[R)akd . elIsBIenHeTAeTot maRtaenHmin)anbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;GMBITRmg;énskmμPaB
rbs;GaNtþiKahkfa etIeFVIkñúgnamGaNtþiKahk b¤ kñúgnamGaNtþiTaykeT . kñúgn½yenH RkmenHminxus
BIRkmrdæb,evNICb:uneT . TRmg;énkartak;EtgXøa KWyktambBaØtþisþIBIniymn½yénkarlk;Tij ¬bBaØtþisþIBI
83
niymn½yénkic©snüaem:Akar nig kic©snüaepSgeTot minRsbnwgTRmg;enHeT¦ . CalT§pl mincaM)ac;
erobcMbBaØtþiepSgsþIBIniymn½yénGaNtþTi ayk nig GVIeTACaGaNtþiKahkeT .
tamRkmrdæb,evNICb:un xøwmsarénkic©karGaNtþi KWCaskmμPaBKtiyutþ ¬maRta 643¦ ehIykarRbKl;
siT§iGMNac[GñkdéTeFVIkic©kareRkABIskmμPaBKtiyutþ ehAfaCa]bGaNtþi ¬maRta 656¦ . b:uEnþ enAkñúg
maRtaenH xøwmsarénkic©karGaNtþi minkRmitRtwmskmμPaBKtiyutþeT b:uEnþ manrab;bBa©Úly:agTUlMTUlaynUv
{karcat;Ecgkic©kar} . CalT§pl karRbKl;siT§iGMNac[eFVIkic©kareRkABIskmμPaBKtiyutþ k¾RtUv)anbBa©Úl
kñúgcMNucGaNtþiEdr ehIymincaM)ac;erobcMbBaØtþiedayELksþIBI]bGaNtþieT .
¬2¦ TMnak;TMngrvagGaNtþi nig kartMNag
kartMNagmann½yfa GanuPaBénskmμPaBrvagGñktMNag nig PaKImçageTot mancMeBaHm©as;siT§i ¬maRta
364¦ . cMeBaHTMnak;TMngrvagm©as;siT§i nig GñktMNag mankrNICaeRcInEdlsiT§itMNagRtUv)anRbKl;
tamry³kic©snüaGaNtþi b:uEnþ karRbKl;siT§itMNagminEmnRtUv)anRbKl;tamkic©snüaGaNtþiCanic©kaleLIy
¬sUmemIlmaRta 368¦ .
¬3¦ kic©snüaGaNtþi nig kic©snüakargar
kic©snüakargarbegáItnUvTMnak;TMngbnÞab;bnSM Edltamry³enaH kargarBlkmμenaHRtUv)anpþl;eTAtamkar
bgÁab;rbs;nieyaCk . R)ak;QñÜlRtUv)anpþl;[CatémøfñÚreTAnwgkarpþl;kargarBlkmμenaH . pÞúyeTAvij
kic©snüaGaNtþiminbegáItnUvTMnak;TMngbnÞab;bnSMrvagGaNtþiTayk nig GaNtþiKahkeT ehIydUcEdl)anEcg
enAkñúgmaRta 638 xageRkamenH mincaM)ac;ykkéRmeT .
¬4¦ kic©snüaGaNtþi nig kic©snüaem:Akar
eTaHbICakic©snüaem:AkarTak;TgeTAnwgkarpþl;kargarBlkmμk¾eday k¾eKalbMNgénkic©snüaem:Akar KWeFVI
[seRmckic©karEdr . dUecñH RbsinebIkic©karminRtUv)anseRmceT Gñkem:AkarRtUv)ancat;Tukfa min)anGnuvtþ
katBVkic© ehIyminGacTamTarkéRm)aneT . pÞúyeTAvij eKalbMNgénkic©snüaGaNtþi KWsMedAdl;kar
pþl;kargarBlkmμedaypÞal; ehIyGaNtþiKahkGacTamTarkéRm)an eTaHbICakic©karmin)anseRmck¾eday
¬kñúgkrNIkic©snüaGaNtþiedayykkéRm¦ .
¬5¦ ]TahrN_Cak;lak;énkic©snüaGaNtþi
]TahrN_énkic©snüaGaNtþi mandUcCakrNIEdlelak A RbKl;siT§ilk;Gclnvtßú[eTAelak B .
karRbKl;siT§i[eTAemFavIeFVIskmμPaBbNþwg k¾Ca]TahrN_samBaØmYyEdr . TMnak;TMngkic©snüaBüa)al
vagRKUeBTü nig GñkCm¶W k¾cat;TukCaGaNtþi b¤ Rbhak;RbEhlKñaeTAnwgGaNtþiEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
84
maRta 643 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1268 nig maRta 1269 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/
maRta 638>- eKalkarN_énGaNtþiedayminykkéRm

1-GaNtþiGaceFVIedayykkéRm b¤ minykkéRm)an . ebIBMu)anbgðajqnÞ³
GMBIkareFVIedayykkéRmeT RtUvsnμtfaCaGaNtþiedayminykkéRm .
2-bBaØtþiénmaRta 644 ¬siT§iTamTarkéRmrbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ énRkmenH
RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHkéRm enAkñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayykkéRm .
¬kMNt;¦
¬1¦ eKalKMniténkfaxNÐTI 1
kfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa GaNtþiGaceFVIedIm,IykkéRm b¤ minykkéRm)an b:uEnþ RbsinebIminmankarbgðaj
GMBIkareFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRmeT nwgRtUvsnμtfaCaGaNtþiedayminykkéRm . dUc)annEcgenAkñúgRkm
rdæb,evNICb:un CaeKalkarN_ GaNtþiRtUveFVIeLIgedayminykkéRm . karkMNt;rebobenH KWEp¥kelIITsSn³Ca
RbéBNItaMgBIsm½yc,ab;rU:mauMgmk . b:uEnþ karGnuvtþEbbenHminbdiesFmin[eFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRmeT .
PaKIGaceFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRm edaykarRBmeRBogKñaeTAvijeTAmk)an .
¬2¦ Gtßn½yénbBaØtþisnμt
vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐ 1 CabBaØtþisnμt ehtudUecñH minEmnEtkñúgkrNIEdlmankarbgðajqnÞ³
c,as;las;GMBIkareFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRmb:ueNÑaHeT RBmTaMgkñúgkrNIEdlminmankarbgðajqnÞ³c,as;las;
EtmankarRBmeRBogedaytuNðIPaB k¾GaNtþienHk¾RtUv)aneKbkRsayfaCaGaNtþiedayykkéRmEdr . dUecñH
RbsinebImankarbBa¢ak;fa PaKITaMgBIrmankarRBmeRBogKña edIm,IeFVIGaNtþiedayykkéRm eTaHbICaeday
Cak;lak; b¤ edaytuNðIPaBk¾eday k¾karsnμtfaCaGaNtþiedayminykkéRmRtUv)anbdiesFEdr ehIyGac
RtUv)anbkRsayfaCaGaNtþiedayykkéRm . tamsPaBCak;EsþgnaeBlbc©úb,nñ GaNtþiCaeRcInRtUv)an
bkRsayfaCaGaNtþiEdlykkéRm .
Tak;TgeTAnwgGaNtþirvagBaNiC¢kr nig BaNiC¢kr bBaØtþiEdlEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ GaNtþiRtUvykkéRm
KYrEtbBa©ÚleTAkñúgRkmBaNiC¢kmμ ¬b¤ c,ab;Biess¦ ¬sUmemIlmaRta 512 énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:un¦ .
¬3¦ eKalKMniténkfaxNÐTI 2
kfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa maRta 644 RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHsiT§iTamTarkéRmrbs;GaNtþiKahk kñúgkrNIén
85
GaNtþiEdlykkéRm . eTaHbICaKμankfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenHk¾eday k¾manPaBc,as;las;fa GaNtþiKahk
énGaNtþiEdlykkéRm mansiT§iTamTarkéRm ehIymaRta 644 RtUvykmkGnuvtþEdr b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHRtUv)an
eFVIeLIgedIm,IbBa¢ak;[kan;Etc,as; .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 648 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1270 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta
1986 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 639>- PaBcaM)ac;énTRmg;kic©snüa

kic©snüaGaNtþiRtUvbegáItedaykarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKIEtb:ueNÑaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa kic©snüaGaNtþiRtUvbegáIteLIgedaykarRBmeRBogrvagPaKITaMgBIrEtb:ueNÑaH ehIymin
tRmUv[manlixti Calayl½kN ç G_ kSr Cal½kxç N
½ eÐ dIm,IbegátI GanuPaBenaHeT . Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<Cú a
kMNt;fa kic©snüaGaNtþiRtUvEteFVICalayl½kçN_GkSr cMENkÉRkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMgvij
Ecgfa kic©snüaGaNtþiRtUvmanGanuPaBedaykarRBmeRBogKñaEtb:ueNÑaH ¬k¾b:uEnþ Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMgtRmUv[
mankarbBa¢ak;edaysakSI¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1271 nig maRta 1286 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1985 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 640>- krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk

1-GaNtþiKahk mankrNIykic©cat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi edayRbugRby½tñ
kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgsucrit edayEp¥ktamGtßn½yénGaNtþi . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHmin
raraMgcMeBaHkarbnßykrNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk tamkarRBmeRBog
rbs;PaKIeLIy .
2-kñgú krNIEdlGaNtþiKahk eFVpI Þy
ú nwgkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñénkfaxNÐ
TI 1 xagelIenH ehIy)aneFVI[mankarxUcxatdl;GaNtþiTayk GaNtþiTaykGac
TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatenaHBIGaNtþiKahk)an . enAkñúgkrNIenH RbsinebI
86
CaGaNtþiedayminykkéRm tulakarGacbnßycMnYnTwkR)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxat
)an .
¬kMNt;¦
¬1¦ eKalKMnitkfaxNÐTI 1
vaküxNÐTI 1 énkfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa GaNtþiKahkRtUvTTYlnUvkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñ kñúgnamCa
GñkRKb;RKgsucrit . {karRbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgsucrit} enAkñúgenH mann½yfa krNIykic©
RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk CakrNIykic©F¶n;F¶r . ehtuplenHKWedaysarEtkic©snüaGaNtþiekIteLIg
edaykarTukcitþKñarvagPaKI . niyay[cMeTA GaNtþKi ahkEdlCakUnbMNul RtUvbMeBjkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñ
kñúgkRmitEdlCaTUeTA GaNtþiKahkRtUv)antRmUv[man eTAtamviC¢aCIv³EdlGaNtþiKahkeFVI zan³EpñksgÁm
nig Epñkesdækic©rbs;GaNtþiKahkenaH .
edaysarEtminmanPaBxusKñarvagGaNtþiedayykkéRm nig GaNtþiedayminykkéRm Tak;TgeTAnwg
krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk GaNtþiKahkmankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgsucrit
dUcKña kñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayykkéRmkþI b¤ GaNtþiedayminykkéRmkþI . vaCakarFmμta BIeRBaH
GaNtþiTaykeFVIGaNtþieTA[GaNtþiKahk edaymankareCOCak;GaNtþiKahkenaH . k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHsMNg
karxUcxat kñúgkrNIénkarbMBankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk kfaxNÐTI 2 cat;EcgepSgKña
rvagGaNtþiedayykkéRm nig GaNtþiedayminykkéRm .
vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk GacRtUv)anbn§Úrbnßytam
karRBmeRBogrvagPaKI)an . eTaHbICavahak;dUcCakarFmμtak¾eday k¾bBaØtþienHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,IbBa¢ak;
kan;Etc,as;EfmeTotEdr . ]TahrN_ enAkñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayminykkéRm krNIkic©RbugRby½tñrbs;
GaNtþiKahknwgGacRtUv)anbn§Úrbnßy)an .
müa:geTot edaysarGaNtþiEp¥kelITMnak;TMngpÞal;énkarTukcitþKñarvagPaKI vaRtUv)anbkRsayfa Ca
eKalkarN_ GaNtþiKahkRtUvEtcat;Ecgkic©karedayxøÜnpÞal; .
¬2¦ eKalKMnitkfaxNÐTI 2
vaküxNÐTI 1 énkfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa RbsinebIGaNtþiKahkbgá[mankarxUcxatdl;GaNtþiTayk
edaysarkarbMBankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 GaNtþiKahkRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar
sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatenaHeTAGaNtþiTayk . xøwmsarenHCakarFmμta edayeyagtameKalkarN_TUeTA
GMBIkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHRtUv)aneFVIeLIgkñúgmaRtaenH edayeyageTAtammaRta 1279 én
Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa ¬kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 1992 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg k¾maneKalKMnitdUecñHEdr¦ .
87
vaküxNÐTI 2 mansar³sMxan; enARtg;EdlbBaØtþiEdlEcgfa tulakarGacbnßycMnYnTwkR)ak;sMNgénkar
xUcxat)an cMeBaHsMNgkarxUcxatedaysarkarbMBankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñ kñúgkrNIGaNtþiedayminyk
kéRm . QrelITsSn³smPaBrvagPaKI bBaØtþienH)ankMNt;GMBIPaBxusKña rvagGaNtþiKahkénGaNtþieday
ykkéRm nig GaNtþiKahkénGaNtþiedayminykkéRm . eTaHbICaRkmrdæb,evNICb:unminmanbBaØtþiEbb
dUecñHk¾eday k¾RkumGñkc,ab;xøHTTYl\T§iBlBIkarsikSac,ab;eRbobeFob eFVIkarbkRsayfa kñúgkrNIénGaNtþi
edayykkéRm karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GaNtþiKahk kñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUcxat KYrEtRtUv)anbn§Úrbnßy .
TsSn³enHRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 2 .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 644 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1280 maRta 1278 ¬vaküxNÐTI2¦ nig maRta 1279
énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1992 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 641>- krNIykic©raykarN_ rbs;GaNtþiKahk

ebImankarTamTarrbs;GaNtiþTayk GaNtþKi ahkRtUvraykarN_GBM s
I aß n-
PaBénkic©karcat;EcgGaNtþi eTaHbIenAeBlNak¾eday b¤ RtUvraykarN_GMBI
ehtukarN_enaHedayKμankaryWty:av enAeRkayeBlEdl)anbBa©b;GaNtþiehIy .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHdak;bnÞúkelIGaNtþiKahknUvkrNIykic©raykarN_GMBIsßanPaBGMBIkarcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi
EdlCakrNIykicbnÞab;bnSMP¢ab;nwgkarcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi EdlCaeKalbMNgedIménGaNtþi .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 645 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1277 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1993 én
Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 642>- krNIykic©RbKl; rbs;GaNtþiKahk

1-GaNtþiKahkRtUvRbKl;R)ak; nig vtßúepSg²eTotEdlTTYl)antamkar
cat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi [eTAGaNtþiTayk . GaNtþiKahkk¾RtUvRbKl;plEdl
RbmUl)an[eTAGaNtþiTaykpgEdr .
88
2-siTi§EdlGaNtþiKahk)anlT§kmμenAkñgú namrbs;xnÜø edIm,IGaNtþTi ayk
RtUvepÞrsiT§ienaH[eTAGaNtþiTayk .
¬kMNt;¦
dUcKñaeTAnwgmaRta 641 xagelIenHEdr maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©bnÞab;bnSMrbs;GaNtþiKahk kñúgkar
RbKl;R)ak; nig vtßúepSgeTotEdlGaNtþiKahkTTYl)an enAkñúgdMeNIrkarénkarcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi ¬rYm
TaMgplEdl)anTTYl¦ [eTAGaNtþiTayk . cMeBaHsiT§iEdlGaNtþiKahk)aneFVIlT§kmμ enAkñúgnamrbs;xøÜn
edIm,IGaNtþiTayk k¾dUcKñaenHpgEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 646 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1278 ¬vaküxNÐTI 1¦ énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/
maRta 643>- krNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;GaNtþiKahkEdl)an

eRbIR)ak;
RbsinebIGaNtþiKahk)aneRbIR)ak;EdlRtUvRbKl;eTA[GaNtþiTayk b¤
)aneRbIR)ak;EdlTukeRbIsRmab;plRbeyaCn_enaH edIm,IxøÜn RtUvbg;karR)ak;eday
Kitcab;BIéf¶Edl)aneRbIR)ak;enaH . RbsinebImankarxUcxat RtUvTTYlxusRtUvsg
sMNgenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
edaysarEtR)ak;EdlGaNtþiKahkTTYl)anBIttiyCnkñúgGMLúgeBlcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþiKYrEtCaRTBü
sm,tþirbs;GaNtþiTayk ehIymaRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©sgkarxUcxateTA[GaNtþiTayk RbsinebI
GaNtþiKahkeRbIR)as;R)ak;enaH . GaNtþiKahkmankrNIykic©sgkarxUcxatminEmnRtwmEtkarR)ak;kñúgGMLúg
eBlénkaryWtya:vb:ueNÑaHeT EtEfmTaMgsRmab;karxUcxatdéTepSg²eTotpgEdr . bBaØtþienH xusKñaBIeKal
karN_énkarxUcxatFmμta EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkatBVkic©CaR)ak;ÉeTot ¬maRta 399¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 647 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig maRta 1996 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 644>- siT§iTamTarkéRmrbs;GaNtþiKahk

89
1-GaNtþiKahk BMuGacTamTarkéRmcMeBaHGaNtþiTayk)aneLIy kñúgkrNI
EdlBMu)ankMNt;CaBiess kñúgkic©snüa .
2-enAkñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayykkéRm GaNtþiKahkminGacTamTarkéRm
)aneLIy ebImin)anbBa©b;karGnuvtþkrNIykic©EdlRtUvtamGaNtþienaHrYcehIy
eT . b:uEnþ ebI)ankMNt;kéRmtamGMLúgeBl GacTamTar)an enAeRkayeBlEdl
GMLúgeBlenaH)anknøgput .
3-ebIGaNtþiRtUv)anbB©ab;karGnuvtþ enABak;kNþalTI edaysarmUlehtu
EdlminEmnCakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GaNtþiKahk GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarkéRm
)antamsmamaRténPaKEdl)anGnuvtþrYcehIyenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
dUc)anEcgenAkñúgmaRta 638 CaeKalkarN_ kic©snüaGaNtþiminykkéRm b:uEnþ maRtaenHEcgGMBI
siT§iTamTarkéRm kñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayykkéRm nig kMNt;GMBIeKalkarN_énkarbg;kéRmtameRkay .
maRtaenH k¾)anEcgpgEdrfa RbsinebIGaNtþiRtUv)anbBa©b;enABak;kNaþalTI edaysarmUlehtuEdlminEmn
CakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GaNtþiKahk GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarkéRm)antamsmamaRténPaKEdl)anGnuvtþ
rYcehIy . kñúgkic©snüaem:Akar Gñkem:AkarmankrNIykic©seRmckargar ¬katBVkic©seRmclT§pl¦ ehIy
RbsinebIkic©snüaRtUv)anbBa©b;enABak;kNþalTI edaymin)anseRmckargar enaHGñkem:AkarTTYlbnÞúknUv
haniP½yenH ¬mann½yfa Gñkem:AkarminGacTamTarkéRmBIm©as;kar)aneLIy¦ . rIÉcMeBaHkrNIkic©snüa
GaNtþivij edaysarGaNtþiKahkmankrNIykic©cat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi edayRbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñk
RKb;RKgsucrit edayEp¥ktamGtßn½yénGaNtþi b:uEnþ minmankrNIykic©seRmckic©karGaNtþi[cb;sBVRKb;eT
¬katBVkic©pþl;meFüa)ay¦ eTaHbICakic©karGaNtþi RtUv)anbBa©b;enABak;kNþalTIk¾eday k¾GaNtþiKahkman
siT§iTamTarkéRmkñúgTMhMsmrmüEdr . kñúgn½yenH GaNtþixusKñaxøaMgBIkic©snüaem:Akar .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 645>- krNIykic©bg;esah‘uyCamunrbs;GaNtþiTayk

RbsinebImantRmUvkarcaM)ac;elIesah‘uysRmab;karcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi
GaNtþiTaykRtUvbg;esah‘uyenaHCamun tamkarTamTarrbs;GaNtþiKahk .
90
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;GaNtþiTayk kñúgkarbg;esah‘uyeTA[GaNtþiKahksRmab;karcat;Ecg
kic©karGaNtþi . eTaHbICaGaNtþiedayykkéRmk¾eday b¤ minykkéRmk¾eday RbsinebIGaNtþiKahkTamTar
esah‘uy k¾GaNtþiTaykRtUvbg;esah‘uyenaHCamun . karEcgEbbenH KWedayQrelIeKalKMnitmYyfa kardak;
bnÞúkBiessNamYyelIGaNtþiKahk Edlcat;Ecgkick© arGaNtþisRmab;GaNtþiTayk manPaBminsmrmü .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 646>- siT§iTamTar[sgmkvij CaGaT× nUvesah‘uyrbs;GaNtþiKahk

1-RbsinebI)ancMNayR)ak;EdlTTYlsÁal;facaM)ac;sRmab;eFVIkarcat;
Ecgkic©karGaNtþi GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarcMeBaHGaNtþiTayk[sgmkvij nUv
esah‘uy nig karR)ak;)an edayKitcab;BIeRkayéf¶Edl)ancMNayesah‘uyenaH .
2-RbsinebI)anTTYlbnÞúkkatBVkic©EdlTTYlsÁal;facaM)ac;sRmab;eFVI
karcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi GaNtþiKahkGac[GaNtþiTayksgkatBVkic©enaH
CMnYsxøÜn b¤ ebIBMuTan;dl;kMNt;eBlEdlRtUvsgkatBVkic©enaHeT Gac[dak;
R)atiePaKEdlsmrmü)an .
3-RbsinebI)anTTYlkarxUcxat EdlminEmnbNþalmkBIkMhusrbs;xøÜn
enAkñúgkarcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþieT GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarsMNgenaH BIGaNtþi-
Tayk)an . b:uEnþ RbsinebIkarxUcxatenaH ekIteLIgedayectna b¤ kMhusrbs;
ttiyCn GaNtþiKahkGacTamTarsMNgcMeBaHGaNtþiTayk)an RtwmkRmitEdl
BMu)anTTYlsMNgBIttiyCnenaHEtb:ueNÑaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenH ¬CaBiesskfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2¦ maneKalbMNgdUcKñanwgeKalbMNgénmaRta 645
xagelIenHEdr . karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GaNtþiTaykEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 KWCakarTTYlxusRtUv
edayKμankMhus mann½yfa eTaHbICaGNtþiTaykKμankMhusk¾eday k¾RtUvTTYlxusRtUvEdr ¬mincaM)ac;man
kMhusrbs;GaNtþiTayk edIm,ITamTar[GaNtþiTaykTTYlxusRtUveT¦.
91
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 650 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1281 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1999 maRta
2001 nig maRta 2000 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 647>- karrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi

1-PaKInImYy² GacrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi enAeBlNak¾)an .
2-PaKImçagRtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxat RbsinebI)anrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi
enAkñúgGMLúgeBlEdleFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_cMeBaHPaKImçageTot . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienH
minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy RbsinebImanmUlehtuEdlminGaceCosvag)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHbBa¢ak;ya:gc,as;las;fa kic©snüaGaNtþiKWBwgEp¥kelITMnak;TMngpÞal;énkarTukcitþrvagKUPaKI .
PaKInImYy²GacrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi enAeBlNak¾)an . cMNucenH KWCaGBaØRtkmμd¾BiessmYy cMeBaH
eKalkarN_ {kic©snüaRtUvEteKarBtam ¬pacta sunt servanda¦} . karrMlayenH GaceFVI)aneday
GaNtþiTaykpg edayGaNtþiKahkpg ehIyk¾GaceFVI)anEdr edaymincaM)ac;manehtuplsmrmüeLIy .
b:uEnþ RbsinebIPaKINa)anrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþienAkñúgGMLúgeBlEdleFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_rbs;PaKImçageTot
PaKIenaHRtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxat .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 651 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1283 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 2004 nig
maRta 648>- karrMlaykic©snüaEdlBuMmanGanuPaBRbtiskmμ

enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþi GanuPaBénkarrMlaykic©snüa
enaHekItmaneLIgedayeq<aHeTAGnaKtEtb:ueNÑaH . b:uEnþ krNIenHBMuraraMgelIkar
TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHkarrMlaykic©snüaenaHeLIy RbsinebIPaKINa
mçagmankMhus .
¬kMNt;¦
CaeKalkarN_ RbsinebIkic©snüaRtUv)anrMlay GanuPaBénkarrMlayenaHmanRbtiskmμ ehIykic©snüa
92
enaHRtUvcat;Tukfa KμantaMgEtBIdMbUgmk . PaKITaMgsgxagk¾RtUvrYcputBIkrNIkic©kñúgkic©snüaEdr . RbsinebI
katBVkic©RtUv)anGnuvtþrYcehIy PaKIEdl)anTTYlkarGnuvtþkatBVkic©enaH RtUveFVIbdiTan ¬maRta 411¦ . b:uEnþ
edaysarkic©snüaGaNtþiCakic©snüaCabnþ maRtaenHEcgfa GanuPaBénkarrMlayenaHekItmaneLIgedayeq<aH
eTAGnaKtEtb:ueNÑaH ehIyminmanGanuPaBRbtiskmμ dUckic©snüaCabnþepSgeToteT ¬]TahrN_ maRta 617
sþIBIPtisnüa¦ .
¬maRtaeyag¦
maRta 649>- mUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi

1-eRkABIkarrMlaykic©snüaGaNtþiedaybBaØtþiénmaRta 647 ¬karrMlay
kic©snüaGaNtþi¦ énRkmenH GaNtþiRtUvbBa©b;edaymUlehtudUcxageRkamenH ³
k-RbsinebIGaNtþiTayk b¤ GaNtþiKahk )anTTYlmrNPaB .
x-RbsinebIGaNtþiTayk b¤ GaNtþiKahk RtUv)anRbkasFnkS½y .
K-RbsinebIGaNtþiTaykRtUv)anTTYlkarRbkaskarcab;epþImGaNa-
Büa)alTUeTA b¤ karRbkaskarcab;epþImhitUbtßmÖ .
X-RbsinebIGaNtþiKahk RtUv)anTTYlkarRbkaskarcab;epþImGaNa-
Büa)alTUeTA b¤ karRbkascab;epþImhitUbtßmÖ .
g-RbsinebIGaNtþiTayk b¤ GaNtþiKahkEdlCanItibuKÁl )anrlay .
c-RbsinebIGaNtþiTayk b¤ GaNtþiKahkEdlCanItibuKÁl )anrYm
bBa©ÚlCamYynItibuKÁlepSg .
q-RbsinebImUlehtuepSg²Edl)ankMNt;tamkarRBmeRBogrbs;PaKI
)anekIteLIg .
2-PaKIGacRBmeRBogGMBIkarN_EdlGaNtþiminbBa©b; eTaHbICamUlehtu
Edl)ankMNt;cab;BIcMNuc k dl; cMNuc c énkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH )anekIt
eLIgk¾eday . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHmrNPaBrbs;
GaNtþiKahk karcab;epþImGaNaBüa)alTUeTAsRmab;GaNtþiKahk b¤ karrlay
93
b¤ karbBa©ÚlénGaNtþiKahkEdlCanItibuKÁl .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHbBa¢ak;GMBImUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi . k¾b:uEnþ edaysarEtbBaØtþiTaMgenHminEmnCabBaØtþiEdl
RtUvGnuvtþCadac;xateT ¬KWCa default provisions¦ PaKIGacRBmeRBogKñaepSgBIenH)an mann½yfa PaKIGac
snüa)anEdrfa eTaHbICamanmUlehtuNamYykñúgcMeNammUlehtuEdl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRtaenHk¾eday k¾GaNtþi
minbBa©b;Edr . elIsBIenHeTAeTot PaKIk¾GacykehtuepSgeTot eRkABImUlehtuEdl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRtaenH
mkbBa©ÚlnUvmUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi kñúgkic©snüarbs;xøÜ)anEdr . edIm,IbBa¢ak;[kan;Etc,as;BIlkçN³
mindac;xaténmaRtaenH cMNuc q énkfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 RtUv)anerobcMeLIg . b:uEnþ
RbsinebIGaNtþiKahkTTYlmrNPaB nwgminmanGñkcat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþieToteLIy dUecñH kic©snüaGaNtþi
RtUvEtbBa©b; . kñúgn½yenH karRBmeRBogNaepSgBIcMNucenH minGaceFVIeTA)aneT . ehtudUecñH mrNPaB
karrMlay b¤ karbBa©ÚlKñaénGaNtþiKahk minRtUv)anrab;bBa©ÚlfaCamUlehtusRmab;karRBmeRBogepSgeT
edaycat;Tukfa GaNtþiRtUvbBa©b;edaysV½yRbvtþi ¬bBaØtþienHminraraMgdl;nItibuKÁlfμIEdlekIteLIgeRkay
karrYmbBa©ÚlKñaénnItibuKÁl cMeBaHkarbegáItnUvkic©snüaGaNtþifμI edIm,IbnþGaNtþiteTAeToteT¦ .
cMNuc K minmanenAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNICb:uneT b:uEnþ RtUv)anbBa©ÚlenAkñúgmUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi
tamRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig c,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs . b:uEnþ RbsinebIeTAéf¶xagmux RbeTskm<úCa
begáItRbB½n§GaNaBüa)alTUeTAedaysμ½RKcitþ dUcenARbeTsCb:un PaKInwgGacRBmeRBogKñadkecjnUvcMNuc K
enH BImUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi)an .
xusKñaBIRkmrdæb,evNICb:un cMeBaHcMNuc X edIm,I[mantulüPaBKñaCamYycMNuc K minRtwmEtkarcab;epþIm
GaNaBüa)alTUeTAb:ueNÑaHeT KWkarcab;epþImhitUbtßmÖpgEdr RtUv)andak;bBa©Úl kñúgmUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi
¬Rkmrdæb,evNICb:undak;bBa©ÚlEtkarcab;epþImGaNaBüa)alTUeTAb:ueNÑaH RbEhlCaedaysarEtPaBsIusgVak;
KñaCamYybBaØtþiEdlEcgfa buKÁlEdlRtUv)ankRmitsmtßPaB GackøayCaGñktMNag)an¦ .
müa:geTot bBaØtþiCak;lak;Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkrNIEdlPaKINamYyCanItibuKÁl RtUv)anerobcMeLIg ¬cMNuc g
nig cMNuc c¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 653 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1285 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 2003 én
Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
94
maRta 650>- krNIykic©se®gÁaHbnÞan; rbs;GaNtþiKahk enAeRkayeBl
bBa©b;GaNtþi
enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anbBa©b;GaNtþiehIy RbsinebImansßanPaBbnÞan;
GaNtþiKahk snþtiCn b¤ GñktMNagEdlc,ab;)ankMNt;rbs;GaNtþiKahkenaH
RtUveFVIkarcat;EcgEdlcaM)ac;rhUtdl;eBlEdlGaNtþiTayk snþtiCn b¤ Gñk
tMNagEdlc,ab;)ankMNt;rbs;GaNtþiTaykenaH Gaccat;karkic©karenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHmaneKalbMNgkarBarGaNtþiTayk BIkarrgkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarehtukarN_Na
mYyEdlminGacBüakr)an kñúgGMLúgeBlcab;BIkarbBa©b;GaNtþi rhUtdl;GaNtþiTayk b¤ GñkepSgeTot
TTYlbnþnUvkarcat;Ecgkic©GaNtþi .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 651>- l½kçx½NÐttaMgénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi

mUlehtuénkarbBa©b;GaNtþi eTaHbICamUlehtuenaHekIteLIgcMeBaHGaNtþi-
Taykk¾eday b¤ cMeBaHGaNtþiKahkk¾eday BMuGacykmkttaMgCamYynwgPaKI
mçageTot)aneLIy ebImin)anCUndMNwgeTA[PaKImçageTot b¤ ebIPaKImçageTotBMu
)andwgGMBImUlehtuenaHeT .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHmaneKalbMNgkarBarPaKIénkic©snüaGaNtþiEdlmindwgGMBIkarbBa©b;GaNtþi BIehtukarN_Edl
minGacBüakr)an EdlGacekIteLIgedaysarkarbBa©b;nUvGaNtþienaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
CMBUkTI 8 kic©snüaem:Akar
maRta 652>- niymn½yénkic©snüaem:Akar

95
kic©snüaem:Akar sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKImçagmankrNIykic©
seRmckargarEdl)anRBmeRBog ehIyPaKImçageTotmankrNIykic©pþl;kéRm
cMeBaHlT§plénkargarEdl)aneFVIenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkic©snüaem:Akar EdlbBa¢ak;c,as;las;fa kñúgkic©snüaem:AkarenH eKsgát;
F¶n;enARtg;cMNucfa Gñkem:AkarRtUveFVIkaredIm,IseRmckargarNamYy .
kic©snüaem:AkarenH maneRcInRbePTNas; dUcCa kic©snüasg;nava kic©snüae)akG‘ut kic©snüaCYsCul
kic©snüaeFVI)azkfa kic©snüadwkCBa¢Ún kic©snüaem:Akarsagsg; CaGaT× .
kic©snüaem:Akar caM)ac;mankéRmcMeBaHkareFVIkargar ehtudUecñH ]TahrN_ kic©snüaeFVI)azkfaedaymin
ykkéRmvij tamniymn½y BMuEmnCakic©snüaem:AkareT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 653>- eBlEdlRtUvbg;kéRm

kéRmRtUvbg;dMNalKñanwgkarRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkargar . ebIBcuM aM)ac;
kñúgkarRbKl;vtßúeT eRkayBI)anseRmckargarehIy Gñkem:AkarGacTamTar[bg;
kéRm)an .
¬kMNt;¦
bBaØtþienHEcgGMBIeBlEdlRtUvbg;kéRm . kñúgkrNIEdlGñkem:AkarcaM)ac;RtUvRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúén
kargar kéRmRtUvbg;RBmCamYyKñanwgeBlEdl)anRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúenaH ehIykñúgkrNIEdlmincaM)ac;
RbKl;vtßúeT Gñkem:AkarGacTamTar[bg;kéRm)an eRkayeBl)anseRmckargar . b:uEnþ tamPaBCak;Esþg
mankrNICaeRcInEdlGñkem:AkarBMuEmnCaGñkmanFnFanRKb;RKan; edIm,Ibg;esah‘uyCMnYsCamunTaMgGs; rhUt
dl;seRmckargarenaH . müa:geTot Gñkem:Akarmankar)armÖfa etIm©as;karc,as;Canwgbg;kéRm[xøÜnb¤eT
eBlseRmckargar . tamFmμta Ca]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIem:Akarsagsg;pÞH PaKIeRcIneFVIkic©RBmeRBogbg;
kéRmmþg eBlcab;epþImsagsg; mþgeTot eBleFVIeRKagpÞH nig bg;kéRmEdlenAsl; eBlsagsg;rYc
ehIyRbKl;sMNg; CaGaT× .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
96
maRta 654>- krNIykic©seRmckargaredayKμanvikar³

1-Gñkem:Akar mankrNIykic©seRmckargaredayKμanvikar³cMeBaHm©as;kar .
2-ebIkargarBMumanlkçN³dUc)anRBmeRBogeT RtUvcat;Tukfa Cakargarman
vikar³ . kñúgkrNIEdlmin)anRBmeRBogGMBIlkçN³ ebIkargarenaHBMuRtwmRtUvkñúg
kareRbIR)as;Edl)ansnμtenAkñúgkic©snüa b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlBMu)ansnμtenAkñúg
kic©snüaénkareRbIR)as;Edl)ankMNt; ebIkargarenaHminRtwmRtUvkñúgkareRbIR)as;
CaRbRktIeT RtUvcat;Tukfa Cakargarmanvikar³ .
3-RbsinebIGñkem:Akar)aneFVIkarpÞúynwgkarbBa¢a b¤ ebIkargarEdl)aneFVI
enaHminRKb;cMnYneT RtUvcat;Tukfa Cakargarmanvikar³ .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenH)anEcgc,as;las;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 GMBIkrNIykic©rbs;Gñkem:Akar kñúgkarseRmckargar
edayKμanvikar³ . dUecñH karTTYlxusRtUvEdlGñkem:AkarRtUvTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkrNIEdlkargarenaHmanvikar³
KWCaRbePTmYyénkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© . bBaØtþiCaeRcInxageRkamenH EcglMGitc,as;
las;GMBIkarGnuvtþnUveKalkarN_TUeTAénkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© cMeBaHkrNIEdlkargarem:Akarmanvikar³ .
kfaxNÐTI 2 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRtaenH EcgGMBIbTdæansRmab;vinicä½yfa etIkñúgkrNINaeTIbcat;Tukfa
kargarmanvikar³ .
]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIénkic©snüaem:Akarsagsg;GaKar Edl)anRBmeRBoglabCBa¢aMgBN’Bgman; EtRbsin
ebIlabBN’seTAvij eTaHbICaBN’sk¾eday BN’Bgman;k¾eday k¾KμanbBaðaGVIEdredIm,Irs;enA b:uEnþ BuMman
lkçN³dUckic©RBmeRBogeT ehtuenHehIy RtUvcat;Tukfa kargarmanvikar³ ¬vaküxNÐTI 1 énkfaxNÐTI 2¦ .
müa:geTot kñúgkrNIEdl)aneTAhagkat;exaGav [eKkat;exaGavFMsRmab;rdUvrgar edIm,IeTARbeTsCb:un enA
rdUvrgar EtRbsinebIhagkat;edr)ankat;exaGavFMsRmab;rdUvekþA dUcenARbeTskm<úCa kargarenaHminRtwmRtUv
kñúgkareRbIR)as;Edl)ansnμtenAkñúgkic©snüaeT ehtuenHehIy eTaHbICaexaGavFMenaH edr)anl¥ya:gNa
k¾eday k¾kargarenaHmanvikar³Edr ¬RbeyaKxagedIménvaküxNÐTI 2 kfaxNÐTI 2¦ . elIsBIenH Gñkem:Akar
A )ansagsg;pÞHelIdIrbs;m©as;kar B ehIyeRkayeBlRbKl;pÞHenaHeTA[ B RbsinebITwkePøóg)anRCab
BIBitan enArdUvePøóg ehIyelcTwkePøóg eTaHbICaBMumankarsnμtGMBIkareRbIR)as;Biesskñúgkic©snüak¾eday

97
tamFmμta pÞHEdlelcTwkePøóg minGaceRbIR)as;CaRbRktI)aneLIy dUecñH kargarenHRtUv)ancat;TukfaCa
kargarmanvikar³ ¬RbeyaKxageRkayénvaküxNÐTI 2 kfaxNÐTI 2 ¦ .
kfaxNÐTI 3 CabBaØtþifa kñúgkrNI dUcCa krNIEdlm©as;kar)anbBa¢a[hagkat;exaGav kat;exa EteKEbr
Cakat;sMBt;eTAvij kargarenaHk¾manvikar³Edr . minRtwmEtb:ueNÑaHeT kñúgkrNIEdllkçN³énkargarmanKmøat
ya:gxøaMgBIkic©snüa edayc,as;CaminGacTTYlsÁal;faCakarGnuvtþkic©snüaTal;EtesaH etIRtUvGnuvtþtam
bBaØtþiénCMBUkenH b¤ RtUvGnuvtþtamEtbBaØtþiénCMBUkTI 4 énKnßIsþIBIkatBVkic© bBaðaenH sUmTuk[mankarbkRsay
nig karGnuvtþ naGnaKt .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
kfaxNÐTI 1 nwg 2 maRta 633 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 655>- karTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj

1-ebIkargarmanvikar³ m©as;karGacTamTarcMeBaHGñkem:Akar [Gnuvtþkargar
eBjelj edaykMNt;GMLúgeBlsmrmü)an . kñúgkrNIenH Gñkem:AkarGacCYs
Culvikar³énkargarenaH b¤ GaceFVIkargarenaHsaCafμIeLIgvij edayEp¥ktamkar
eRCIserIs)an .
2-ebIkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljenH caM)ac;RtUvcMNayesah‘y u eRcInhYs
ehtu ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgkarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayvikar³enaH Gñkem:AkarGac
bdiesF)an .
3-ebIGñkem:Akar)ancab;epþImeFVIkargarenaHeLIgvij Gñkem:AkarenaHGacTam
Tar[m©as;karsgkargarEdlmanvikar³mkvij)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj kñúgkrNIEdlkargarmanvikar³ . karGnuvtþkargar
eBjelj EdleRbIkñúgenH mann½yfaCaTsSn³mYy rYmTaMgkarCYsCulnUvvikar³ nig kareFVIkargareLIgvij .
vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 pþl;nUvCeRmIssþIBIviFIdkvikar³ecj eTAGñkem:Akar kñúgkrNIEdlkargar
manvikar³ ehIyRbsinCaGñkem:AkarmanbMNgcg;eFVIkargareLIgvij CaeKalkarN_ bBaØtþienHGnuBaØat[eFVIeLIg
vij . ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdl)an[kat;exaGavsRmab;rdUvrgar EtEbrCakat;exaGavsRmab;rdUvekþAeTAvij
karEkexaGavsRmab;rdUvekþA [eTACaexaGavsRmab;rdUvrgar minGaceFVI)an b¤ RtUvkareBlevlaya:geRcIn .
98
kñúgkrNIenH karkat;fμICakargayRsYlCag ehtuenHehIy bBaØtþienHpþl;nUvCeRmIseFVICafμI .
müa:geTot kfaxNÐTI 2 KWCabBaØtþisRmab;GnuvtþkñúgkrNIEdlCa]TahrN_ ³ GaKarEdlRtUveRbI\dæ k¾b:uEnþ
kñúgenaH maneRbIRcLM\dæmYyduMEdlmanBN’epSgBIeK . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIbþÚr\dæEdlmanBN’xuseK
enaH tambec©keTs RtUvvaybMEbkCBa¢aMgenACMuvijenaHsin ehIyRtUveFVI[Gs;esah‘uyya:geRcInpg . \dæmYy
dMuBN’xuseK minEmnCavikar³F¶n;F¶rb:unμaneT RKan;EtminsUvl¥emIlbnþicb:ueNÑaH . EfmTaMgcMNaysRmab;kar
CYsCuleRcInRCul minsmrmünwgTm¶n;énvikar³pg . kñúgkrNIenH minGacTamTar[CYsCuleLIgvijeT
ehIyenHKWCaeKalKMniténkfaxNÐTI 2 .
kfaxNÐTI 3 KWCabBaØtþikMNt;GMBIkrNIdUcCa kñúgkrNIkat;exaGavEdl)anelIkeLIgxagelIenH RbsinebI
hagkat;edr)ankat;exaGavFMsRmab;rdUvrgarvij Gñkkat;exaGavGacTTYl)anenAexaGavFMsRmab;rdUvekþAEdl
xøÜn)anRbKl;eTAm©as;kar ehIyenHKWCakarFmμta .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 634 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 634 nig 635 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 656>- karCYsCulvikar³edaym©as;kar

1-enAeRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlsmrmüEdl)ankMNt;edIm,IGnuvtþkargar
[eBjeljenaH )anknøgputehIy m©as;karGacCYsCulvikar³edayxøÜnÉgpÞal;
ehIyGacTamTaresah‘uyEdlcaM)ac;elIkarCYsCulvikar³enaH BIGñkem:Akar)an .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj min)anseRmc b¤ kñúgkrNI
Edlvaytémøfa karGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljedayGñkem:Akar nwgeFVI[mankarxUc
xatplRbeyaCn_edayminRtwmRtUv cMeBaHm©as;kar m©as;karGacCYsCulvikar³
edayxøÜnÉg ehIyGacTamTaresah‘uyEdlcaM)ac;kñúgkarCYsCulvikar³ BIGñk
em:Akar)an .
3-kñúgkrNIénkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH m©as;karGacTamTar
cMeBaHGñkem:Akar [bg;esah‘uyEdlcaM)ac; elIkarCYsCulvikar³Camun)an .
4-bBaØtþiénkfaxNçTI 1 TI 2 nig TI 3 xagelIenH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþ
eLIy ebIGñkem:Akar)anbdiesFkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj eyagtambBaØtþi
énkfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 655 ¬karTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj¦xagelIenH .
99
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarCYsCulvikar³edaym©as;kar .
kfaxNÐTI 1 KWCabBaØtþiEcgedaymanxøwmsarfa ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlm©as;kar)an[Gñkem:AkareFVIpÞH
k¾b:uEnþ pÞHenaHelcTwkePøóg m©as;karGacdas;etOn[Gñkem:Akarsagsg;[GnuvtþkargareBjelj edaykMNt;
GMLúgeBlsmrmümYy EtRbsinebIGñkem:AkarBMu)anGnuvtþkargareBjelj eTaHbICaGMLúgeBlenaH)anknøg
putehIyk¾eday enaHm©as;karGacCYsCulkEnøgelcTwkePøógedayxøÜnÉg)an b¤ Gac[CagpÞHepSgeTot CaGaT×
CYsCul ehIyGacTamTaresah‘uyénkarCYsCulenaHBIGñkem:Akar)an .
kñúgkrNIEdlGñkem:A)anbraC½ykñúgkarCYsCul b¤ eFVIeLIgvij nwgmanbBaðafa etIRtUvcat;Ecgya:gNa
ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 2 RtUv)anerobcMeLIgedIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH .
kfaxNÐTI 3 KWCabBaØtþiEcgTTYlsÁal;[m©as;karTamTar[bg;Camun nUvesah‘uyEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;kar
CYsCulvikar³ .
dUcEdl)anEcgkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 655 {ebIkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljenH caM)ac;RtUvcMNay
esah‘uyeRcInhYsehtu ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgkarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayvikar³enaH Gñkem:AkarGacbdiesF
)an} . kñúgkrNIenH m©as;karEdlRtUvGñkem:AkarbdiesFkarGnuvtþkargareBjeljenaH )anCYsCuleday
xøÜnÉg b¤ )anBwg[CagpÞHepSgeTotCYsCulvikar³enaH ehIy)anTamTaresah‘uyCYsCulenaHcMeBaHGñkem:Akar
etIya:gemþcEdr ? RbsinebIGacbdiesFkarCYsCulenaH EtminGacbdiesFnUvkarTamTaresah‘uyCYsCulvij
ehIyGñkem:AkarRtUvbg;CaR)ak;nUvesah‘uyeRcInhYsehtuenaH eTA[m©as;kareTA enHKWCakarmYyminsIusgVak;Kña .
dUecñHehIy kfaxNÐTI 4 enHEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlGñkem:Akar)anbdiesFminGnuvtþkargareBjelj edaysar
EtRtUvcMNayesah‘uyhYsehtu m©as;karBMuGacTamTaresah‘uyCYsCul b¤ TamTar[bg;CamunnUvesah‘uy
CYsCul)aneLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 657>- siT§irMlayrbs;m©as;kar

1-m©as;kar GacrMlaykic©snüa edayykmUlehtuvikar³énkargar Ep¥k
tambBaØtþiénEpñkTI 4 ¬karrMlaykic©snüa¦ CMBUkTI 4 énKnßITI 4 )an . bBaØtþienH
RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj min)an
100
seRmc b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlvaytémøfa karGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljedayGñkem:Akar
nwgeFVI[mankarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayminRtwmRtUv cMeBaHm©as;kar .
2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHGaKar b¤
sMNg;elIdIepSgeToteLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RtUvykmk
GnuvtþpgEdr ebIsMNg;enaHBMumantémønwgeRbIR)as; cMeBaHm©as;kar edaysarvikar³
F¶n;F¶reBk .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§irMlayrbs;m©as;kar edayykvikar³mkeFVICamUlehtu .
kfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa m©as;karGacrMlaykic©snüa)an tambBaØtþiTUeTAsþIBIkarrMlay énKnßIsþIBIkatBVkic© .
vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 RtUv)anEcgeLIgedIm,IsRmbsRmYlTMnak;TMngrvagkarGnuvtþkargareBjelj
edayGñkem:Akar nig siT§irMlayrbs;m©as;kar ehIy CaeKalkarN_ karGnuvtþkargareBjeljedayGñkem:Akar
manGaTiPaBCag k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlmanmUlehtudUcEdl)anEcgkñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 enH
m©as;karGacrMlay)an .
kfaxNÐTI 2 KWCabBaØtþiEdlmanxøwmsarfa kñúgkrNIénkargarsagsg; CaGaT× eTaHCamanvikar³k¾eday
k¾m©as;karminGacrMlaykic©snüa ehIyTamTar[sgnUvéføsagsg;)aneLIy KWm©as;karRKan;EtGacTamTar
[CYsCul nig¼b¤ TamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatb:ueNÑaH . cMeBaHsMNg;EdlBitCamanvikar³Emn EtRtUv)an
sagsg;rYcehIy RbsinebITTYlsÁal;[rMlayeTA CalT§pl Gñkem:AkarminRtwmEtTTYlnUvkarxUcxatd¾F¶n;F¶r
b:ueNÑaHeT KWEfmTaMgRtUvvaybMEbknUvsMNg;EdlRtUv)ansagsg;rYcehIyeTotpg . enHKWCakarmYyeFVI[
)at;bg;nUvFnFanya:geRcIn ehIyxatbg;kmøaMgBlkmμ nig eBlevlapgEdr dUecñH RtUveCosvagGMeBIenH .
enHKWCamUlehtuEdl)anerobcMkfaxNÐTI 2 .
k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdl)an[Rkumh‘unsMNg;sagsg;pÞH ehIypÞHEdlsagsg;ehIyenaH manRKwHmineBj
lkçN³ karsagsg;minRtwmRtUvTaMgRsugtamKMnUsbøg; b¤ kareRbIeRKOgsMNg;EdlmanKuNPaBminl¥enaH
CaGaT× ehIyGacmaneRKaHfñak;rhUtdl;GaKarenaHrlMEbk)ak; RbsinebIminruHGaKarenaH ehIysagsg;RKwH
CafμIeT enaHGaKarenaHmanvikar³F¶n;F¶r ehIymanEtsagsg;eLIgvijeTeTIbGaceRbI)an edaysarGaKarenaH
BMumantémønwgeRbIR)as;eTot . dUecñHehIy karerIGaKarenaH minGaccat;Tukfa )aneRbIx¢Hx¢aynUvesdækic©Cati
eLIy . müa:geTot karTTYlsÁal;[rMlaykic©snüa ehIy[sgéføsagsg; b¤ TTYlbnÞúknUvesah‘uy
sRmab;eFVIkarbdiTaneLIgvij KWCakarkMNt;mYyEdlminTuk[Gñkem:AkarbdiesF)aneLIy . edayman
101
eKalKMnitenH bBaØtþiénvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 2 enHRtUv)anerobcMeLIg .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 635énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 634 nig maRta 636 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 658>- siT§iTamTar[bnßytémørbs;m©as;kar

1-enAeRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlsmrmüEdl)ankMNt;edIm,IGnuvtþkargar
[eBjeljenaH )anknøgputehIy m©as;karGacTamTar[bnßyéfø tamkar
bgðajqnÞ³cMeBaHGñkem:Akar edayykvikar³énkargarmkeFVICamUlehtu)an .
bBaØtþienH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlkarGnuvtþkargar[eBj
elj min)anseRmc b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlvaytémøfa karGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj
edayGñkem:Akar nwgeFVI[mankarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayminRtwmRtUv cMeBaH
m©as;kar .
2-kéRmnwgRtUv)anbnßycuH tamkarTamTar[bnßyéfø eyaltamsmamaRt
éntémøkargarEdlmanP¢ab;nUvvikar³ CamYynwgtémøénkargarEdlKμanvikar³enaH .
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgkrNIEdlm©as;karKiteXIjfa mincaM)ac;eFVIrhUtdl;rMlaykic©snüaeT m©as;karRKan;EtGacbnßynUv
kéRménkic©snüak¾)anEdr . kñúgkrNIEdlminRsbnwgl½kçx½NÐedIm,IrMlaykic©snüa m©as;karGacTamTarnUv
sMNgénkarxUcxat)an edayeyagtambBaØtþiénmaRta 659 k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlminRsbnwgl½kçx½NÐén
sMNgénkarxUcxat manEtTamTar[bnßytémøénkic©snüa edayeyagtambBaØtþiénmaRtaenH .
vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 KWCabBaØtþiEcgedIm,IsRmbsRmYlTMnak;TMngrvagkarGnuvtþkargareBjlj
edayGñkem:Akar nig siT§iTamTar[bnßytémørbs;m©as;kar ehIy CaeKalkarN_ karGnuvtþkargareBjelj
edayGñkem:Akar manGaTiPaBCag k¾b:uEnþ vaküxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa kñúgkrNIEdlmanmUlehtudUcEdl)anEcg
kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 enH m©as;karGacTamTarbnßytémø)an tambBaØtþienH .
kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIviFIKNnaTwkR)ak;bnßyenaH . ]TahrN_ kéRmem:Akar 100 . RbsinebIkargar
BMumanvikar³eT témøkargarenaHesμInwg 80 EtedaysarCakargarEdlmanP¢ab;nUvvikar³ témøkargarenaHmanEt
40 b:ueNÑaH dUecñHkéRmKWesμInwg 100 x 40 / 80 = 50 KWGñkem:AkarGacTTYl)annUvkéRm 50 . mann½yfa
kñúgkrNIenH TwkR)ak;bnßyenaHKW 50 .
102
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 634 nig maRta 638 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 659>- siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;m©as;kar

1-m©as;kar GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat edayeyagtambBaØtþiénEpñkTI
3 ¬sMNgénkarxUcxat¦ CMBUkTI 4 énKnßITI 4 )an edayminGnuvtþ b¤ eday
GnuvtþRBmKñanUvsiT§iEdl)ankMNt;cab;BImaRta 655 ¬karTamTar[Gnuvtþkargar
eBjelj¦ rhUtdl;maRta 658 ¬siT§iTamTar[bnßytémørbs;m©as;kar¦ énRkm
enH . b:uEnþ cMeBaHkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljCMnYssMNgénkarxUcxat enA
eRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlsmrmüEdl)ankMNt;edIm,IGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj
enaH )anknøgputehIy luHRtaEtenAkñúgkrNIEdlkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjelj
min)anseRmc b¤ kñúgkrNIEdlvaytémøfa karGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljeday
Gñkem:Akar nwgeFVI[mankarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayminRtwmRtUvcMeBaHm©as;kar
eTIbGacTamTar)an .
2-ebIkarGnuvtþkargar[eBjeljenH caM)ac;RtUvcMNayesah‘uyeRcIn
hYsehtu ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgkarxUcxatplRbeyaCn_edayvikar³enaH m©as;kar
minGacTamTarcMnYnTwkR)ak; Edlsmrmünwgesah‘uyEdlcaM)ac; kñúgkarCYsCul
vikar³enaH faCasMNgénkarxUcxat edayeyaltambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xag
elIenH)aneLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;m©as;kar .
karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñkem:Akar edaysarkargarmanvikar³ KWCaRbePTmYyénkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarkar
minGnuvtþkatBVkic©Edr ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 1 bBa¢ak;c,as;las;fa m©as;karGacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat
cMeBaHGñkem:Akar)an tameKalkarN_TUeTAénkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© .
vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 KWCabBaØtþiedIm,IsRmbsRmYlTMnak;TMngrvagkarGnuvtþkargareBjelj
edayGñkem:Akar nig sMNgénkarxUcxat ehIy CaeKalkarN_ karGnuvtþkargareBjelj manGaTiPaBCag
103
ehIykarTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatCMnYskarGnuvtþeBjelj RtUv)anGnuBaØatEtkñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enA
kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 enHb:ueNÑaH .
edaysarmankfaxNÐTI 2 ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIeFVInava eBlebIkbr navaenaHj½r EdlCavikar³tUceT
EtebIcg;CYsCulvij RtUvkat;navaBak;kNþalxagknÞúy ehIyeFVIeLIgvijenaH RtUvcMNayesah‘uyya:geRcIn
hYsehtu kñúgkrNIenH m©as;karBMuGacTamTarnUvesah‘uyedIm,ICYsCulvikar³eLIgvij BIGñkem:Akar)aneLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 634 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 634 nig maRta 636 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 660>- karedaHRsay kñúgkrNIEdlvikar³ekIteLIgedaysmÖar³ b¤ eday

karbBa¢a rbs;m©as;kar
1-bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 655 ¬karTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj¦ rhUt
dl;maRta 659 ¬siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;m©as;kar¦ xagelIenH minRtUv
ykmkGnuvtþeLIy RbsinebIvikar³énkargarenaH ekIteLIgBIlkçN³énsmÖar³Edl
)anpþl;edaym©as;kar b¤ edaykarbBa¢arbs;m©as;karenaH . karsEmþgR)ab;
EdlRKan;EtCabMNgrbs;m©as;kar BuMRtUvcat;TukfaCakarbBa¢aeLIy .
2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy RbsinebI
Gñkem:Akar)andwgGMBIsPaBénsmÖar³ b¤ PaBminRtwmRtUvénkarbBa¢aenaH Etmin)an
pþl;dMNwg .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenH KWCabBaØtþiEdlEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlvikar³)anekIteLIg edaysarlkçN³énsmÖar³Edl)anpþl;
edaym©as;kar b¤ edaysarkarbBa¢arbs;m©as;kar Gñkem:AkarBMuRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvikar³énkargarenaHeLIy .
k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkem:Akar)andwgfa smÖar³Edl)anpþl;[xøÜnenaH b¤ karbBa¢arbs;m©as;karenaH manPaBmin
RtwmRtUv ehIyvikar³)anekIteLIg edaysarxøÜn)anbMeBjkargaredaymin)anR)ab;eTAm©as;karGMBIPaBminRtwm
RtUvenaHeT karGnueRKaHmin[Gñkem:AkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkrNIenH minmanPaBsmrmüeT ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI
2 RtUv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
104
maRta 661>- GMLúgeBlénkareRbIsiT§i
1-siT§iEdlkMNt;kñúgbBaØtþicab;BImaRta 655 ¬karTamTar[Gnuvtþkargar
eBjelj¦ rhUtdl;maRta 658 ¬siT§iTamTar[bnßytémørbs;m©as;kar¦ xagelI
enH RtUvykmkeRbIenAkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 ¬mYy¦ qñaM .
2-GMLúgeBlénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RtUvKNnacab;BIeBlEdlm©as;
kar)andwg b¤ KYr)andwg GMBIGtßiPaBénvikar³enaH .
¬kMNt;¦
kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHmanEcgfa GMLúgeBlénkareRbIsiT§i KW 1 qñaM sRmab;siT§iTamTar[Gnuvtþ
kargareBjelj siT§iTamTaresah‘uyCYsCul CaGaT× siT§irMlaykic©snüa siT§iTamTar[bnßytémø rbs;
m©as;kar . GMLúgeBlénkareRbIsiT§i KW 1 qñaM edayKμanBak;B½n§nwgxøwmsarénkargareT eTaHbICakrNIkargareFVI
sMNg;elIdIk¾eday k¾dUcKñaEdr .
GMLúgeBlenH RtUvKitcab;BIeBlEdlm©as;kar)andwgfa manvikar³ b¤ BIeBlEdlRtUvdwgGMBIvikar³enaH
edayykeBlNamYymuneK mkeFVICamUldæanénkarKNna ¬kfaxNÐTI 2¦ minEmnCaeBlEdl)anRbKl;
kmμvtßúénkargar b¤ eBlEdl)anbBa©b;kargarenaHeT .
müa:geTot cMeBaHsiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatvij RtUvGnuvtþtamGaC£ayukalénkarrlt;siT§ielIbMNul
TUeTA ¬BImaRta 480 eTA¦ dUecñH minRtUvGnuvtþtammaRtaenHeT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 662>- kic©snüaBiessminTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana

bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 655 ¬karTamTar[GnuvtþkargareBjelj¦ rhUtdl;
maRta 659 ¬siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;m©as;kar¦ xagelIenH eTaHbICa
mankic©snüaBiessGMBIkarGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitkarTTYlxusRtUvk¾eday cMeBaHehtu
Edl)andwgehIy EtEbrCamin)anraykarN_R)ab;eTenaH Gñkem:AkarminGacrYc
putBIkarTTYlxusRtUv b¤ karkRmitkarTTYlxusRtUv )aneLIy .
105
¬kMNt;¦
edayEp¥kelIeKalkarN_esrIPaBkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa PaKIénkic©snüaem:Akar GaceFVIkarsnüaBiess eday
bM)at;ecal b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñkem:Akar Edl)anEcgBImaRta 655 dl; maRta 659 . k¾b:uEnþ
maRtaenH)anEcgc,as;las;fa minTTYlsÁal;nUvkarbM)at;ecal b¤ karkRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkrNIEdl
Gñkem:AkarBMu)anraykarN_GMBIvikar³EdlxøÜn)andwgeT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 663>- siT§irMlayrbs;m©as;karenAkñúgeBlEdlkargarminTan;)an

seRmc
m©as;karGacrMlaykic©snüa enAeBlNak¾)an edaysgsMNgénkar
xUcxat rhUtdl;eBlEdlGñkem:Akar)anseRmckargar .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa cMeBaHkargarEdlm©as;karElgRtUvkar m©as;karKμanPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkareFVI[kargarenaH
seRmcedaybgçMeT ehtudUecñH m©as;karGacrMlaykic©snüa eBlNak¾)anEdr munkarbBa©b;kargarenaHeday
Gñkem:Akar . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH m©as;karRtUvsgsMNgnUvesah‘uyEdlGñkem:Akar)anecjrYcehIy RBmTaMg
plRbeyaCn_EdlGñkem:AkarGacnwgTTYl)an eBlxøÜnseRmckargarenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
CMBUkTI 9 kic©snüakargar
¬kMNt;¦
cMeBaHkic©snüakargar c,ab;kargar)anEcgGMBITMnak;TMngrvagnieyaCk nig kmμkrnieyaCitehIy ehtuenH
ehIy kñúgRkmrdæb,evNIenH )anEcgEtcMNucmUldæanénkic©snüakargar nig PaKsMxan;²EdlBMumanEcgkñúg
c,ab;kargarb:ueNÑaH .
maRta 664>- kic©snüakargar
106
1-kic©snüakargar RtUv)anbegáIteLIg edaykarsnüarbs;PaKImçagfa eFVI
Blkmμ[PaKImçageTot ehIyPaKImçageTotsnüafa pþl;R)ak;QñÜl eTAelIkic©kar
BlkmμenaH .
2-PaKIEdl)ansnüafaeFVIBlkmμ ehAfakmμkrnieyaCit ÉPaKImçageTot
enaH ehAfanieyaCk .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkic©snüakargar CaGaT× . kñúgcMeNamkic©snüaGBaØmBaØ mankic©snüasþIBI
karepÞrkmμsiT§ielIvtßú b¤ siT§ieRbIR)as;vtßú nig kic©snüasþIBIkarpþl;Blkmμ b¤ esva CaGaT× ehIykic©snüakargar
KWCakic©snüapþl;Blkmμ b¤ esvaenH . kic©snüaEdlRbhak;RbEhlnwgkic©snüakargarEdr mandUcCa
karem:Akar b¤ GaNtþi . karem:Akar b¤ GaNtþi KWCakic©snüabBa©b;kargar b¤ GaNtþikarcat;Ecgkic©karGVImYy
ehIyviFIcat;Ecgkargar b¤ kic©karenH CaeKalkarN_ RtUv)anRbKl;eTA[PaKImçageToteFVItambBaØa nig
smtßPaBrbs;xøÜn . pÞúyeTAvij kic©snüakargar KWCakic©snüaeFVIeLIgedaykmμkrnieyaCitedIm,IbeRmIkargar
[nieyaCk ehIyetIRtUveRbIBlkmμenaHya:gdUcemþcxøHenaH KWCakarvinicä½yrbs;nieyaCk . müa:geTot Rkm
rdæb,evNI)araMg kMNt;niymn½ykic©snüakargarfaCaPtisnüaBlkmμ .
kfaxNÐTI 1 kMNt;niymn½yénkic©snüakargar . rIÉcMeBaHbBaØtþisþIBIeBlEdlRtUvbg;R)ak;QñÜl CaGaT×
RkmenHRbKl;tYnaTIeTA[c,ab;kargarvij .
kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIniymn½yénPaKIénkic©snüakargar .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 623 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig maRta 1145 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;
rbs;km<úCa .
maRta 665>- karbgðajl½kçx½NÐCak;lak;elIkargar

1-enAeBleFVIkic©snüakargarnieyaCkRtUvbgðajCak;lak; nUvR)ak;QñÜl
eBlema:geFVIBlkmμ nig l½kçx½NÐénkareFVIBlkmμepSgeTot cMeBaHkmμkrnieyaCit .
2-kñúgkrNIEdll½kçx½NÐénkareFVIBlkmμEdlRtUv)anbgðajCak;lak;
tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH xusBIkarBit kmμkrnieyaCitGacrMlay
kic©snüakargarenaHPøam²)an .
107
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa nieyaCkRtUvbgðajl½kçx½NÐc,as;las;GMBIkargar eBleFVIkic©snüakargar . müa:geTot
kñúgkrNIEdll½kçx½NÐénkargarEdl)anbgðajenaH xusnwgsßanPaBBit kmμkrnieyaCitGacrMlaykic©snüa
kargar)anPøam .
kfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIykic©rbs;nieyaCk . sþIBIviFIeFVIkarbgðaj Kμandak;kRmiteT . k¾b:uEnþ ]TahrN_
kñúgkrNIEdlnieyaCk)ankMNt;lkçnþik³énkargar nieyaCkGacbgðajlkçnþik³enaH)an . edIm,IkarBarkMu[
manvivaTeBleRkay KYrEteFVIkarbgðajnUvl½kçx½NÐénkargarenH Calayl½kçN_GkSr k¾b:uEnþ GaceFVIedaypÞal;
mat;k¾)anEdr .
kfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa kñúgkrNIEdll½kçx½NÐénkargarEdlRtUv)anbgðajenaH xusnwgkarBit kmμkrnieyaCit
GacrMlaykic©snüakargarenaH)anPøam . kñúgkrNIdUcenH Gaclubecalkic©snüakargaredayykmUlehtu
qe)ak b¤ Pan;RcLMk¾)an . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdllubecalkic©snüakargaredayykkarqe)ak mkeFVICamUldæan
kmμkrnieyaCitRtUveFVIkarbBa¢ak;fa nieyaCkmaneKalbMNgcg;e)akkmμkrnieyaCit ehtuenHehIy edIm,IkarBar
kmμkrnieyaCit maRtaenHEcgfa kmμkrnieyaCitenaHGacrMlaykic©snüakargar)an edayykGgÁehtuEdl
l½kçx½NÐénkargarEdlRtUv)anbgðajenaH minRtUvnwgsßanPaBBit mkeFVICamUldæan .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 15 énc,ab;bTdæankargarCb:un
maRta 666>- krNIykic©ykcitþTukdak; dl;suvtßiPaB

nieyaCk mankrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak; dl;karrkSarUbragkay suxPaB
CaGaT× rbs;kmμkrnieyaCit BIeRKaHfñak; enATIkEnøgEdlkmμkrnieyaCitRtUveFVI
Blkmμ sil,³karü enAkñúgkareFVI]bkrN_ .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaBcMeBaHkmμkrnieyaCitedaynieyaCk . krNIykic©
ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaB KWCakrNIykic©mYytRmUv[PaKImçagkarBarGayuCIvit nig suxPaB CaGaT× rbs;
PaKImçageTot edaykuM[CYbRbTHeRKaHfñak; rvagPaKIEdlmanTMnak;TMngBiesskñúgsgÁm edayEp¥kelI
TMnak;TMngKtiyutþNamYy ¬saldIkarbs;tulakarkMBUlCb:un éf¶TI 25 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 1975¦ . maRtaenH
KWCabBaØtþiEdlEcgc,as;las;GMBIxøwmsarénkrNIykice© nH cMeBaHTMnak;TMngkñúgkic©snüakargar edayEcgfa
108
nieyaCkmankrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak; dl;karrkSarUbkay suxPaB CaGaT× rbs;kmμkrnieyaCit BIeRKaHfñak;
cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgkariyal½y eragcRk hag nig kardak;eRKOg brikçar eRKOgsmÖar³ CaGaT× enAkñúgenaH .
ehIyRbsinebInieyaCkmin)anbMeBjkrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaBenH ehIyeFVI[kmμkrnieyaCitrg
eRKaHxagpøÚvkay CaGaT× nieyaCkRtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHkmμkrnieyaCit edaymUlehtu
minGnuvtþkatBVkic© . ]TahrN_ cMeBaHma:sIunsgát;Edldak;enAkñúgeragcRk nieyaCkRtUvdak;eRKOg]bkrN_
suvtßiPaBedIm,IkarBarkMu[dac;éd b¤ RmamédkmμkrnieyaCit EtRbsinebInieyaCkmin)andak;]bkrN_enaH
ehIybNþal[dac;RmamédkmμkrnieyaCit nieyaCkenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHkmμkr
nieyaCit edaysarkarbMBankrNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaBenH .
müa:geTot krNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;suvtßiPaBcMeBaHkmμkrnieyaCit edaynieyaCkenH ecjmkBI
eKalkarN_énPaBsucrit nig PaBesμaHRtg; . dUecñH maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarerobcM nig RKb;RKgTIkEnøg
sil,³karü ]bkrN_ CaGaT× k¾b:uEnþ eRkABIenH ]TahrN_ nieyaCk)anbgçM[kmμkrnieyaCiteFVIkargar
eRkAema:geRcIn ehIykarenH)aneFVI[xUcsuxPaBkmμkrnieyaCit eBlenaH nieyaCk)aneFVsRbEhskñúgkar
bMeBjkrNIykic©karBarsuxPaBrbs;kmμkrnieyaCitBIeRKaHfñak; dUecñHehIy nieyaCkRtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNg
énkarxUcxat cMeBaHkareFVI[xUcsuxPaBkmμkrnieyaCitenH .
maRta 667>- PaBpþac;muxelIbuKÁl énkic©snüakargar

1-ebIKμankaryl;RBmBIkmμkrnieyaCiteT nieyaCkBMuGaceFVIGnub,TansiT§i
enaH [eTAttiyCn)aneLIy .
2-ebIKμankaryl;RBmBInieyaCkeT kmμkrnieyaCit BMuGac[ttiyCneFVI
BlkmμCMnYsxøÜn)aneLIy .
3-RbsinebIPaKINamYyénkics © nüakargar )aneFVpI Þy
ú nwgbBaØtþiénkfaxNÐ
TI 1 b¤ TI 2 xagelIenH PaKImçageTot GacrMlaykic©snüaenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa kñúgkic©snüakargar RbsinebIBMumankaryl;RBmBIPaKImçageToteT kic©snüaenaHminGac
pøas;bþÚrPaKI)aneLIy .
kic©snüakargar KWCakic©snüamYyEdleFVIeLIgedayBinitüemIleTAelIlkçN³buKÁlmçageToteTAvijeTAmk
ehtuenHehIy RbsinebIBMumankaryl;RBmBIPaKImçageToteT nieyaCkBMuGaceFVIGnub,Tanzan³rbs;xøÜn eTA[
109
ttiyCn)aneLIy rIÉkmμkrnieyaCitvij k¾BMuGac[ttiyCnmkeFVIBlkmμCMnYsxøÜn)aneLIy . ]TahrN_
kñúgkrNIEdlnieyaCkKμankargar[kmμkrnieyaCiteFVIBIr b¤ bIéf¶ RbsinebInieyaCkmanbMNgbBa¢Únkmμkr
nieyaCitenaH eTAeFVIkar[nieyaCkepSgeTot caM)ac;RtUvmankaryl;RBmBIkmμkrnieyaCitenaH . müa:geTot
edIm,IQb;sRmak kmμkrnieyaCitk¾minGacbBa¢ÚnGñkepSgeTAeFVICMnYsxøÜn)aneLIy RbsinebIBMumankaryl;RBm
BInieyaCkeT . kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçageTot)aneFVIxusnwgbBaØtþienH PaKImçagGacrMlaykic©snüakargar)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 668>- karGnuvtþc,ab;kargar

cMeBaHkic©snüakargar eRkABIbBaØtþiEdlkMNt;enAkñúgRkmenH RtUvGnuelam
eTAtambBaØtþiénc,ab;kargar .
¬kMNt;¦
c,ab;kargar ¬cUlCaFrmanenAéf¶TI 3 Ex mIna qñaM 1997¦ manbBaØtþilMGitsþIBITMnak;TMngkic©snüa
kargarrvagnieyaCk nig kmμkrnieyaCit . müa:geTot naGnaKt GacmankareFVIviesaFnkmμc,ab;kargarenaH b¤
GacmanbTdæanKtiyutþepSgeTotBak;B½n§nwgvis½ykargarEdr ehtuenHehIy cMeBaHkic©snüakargar eRkABIbBaØtþi
EdlmanenAkñúgRkmenH maRtaenHRbKl;tYnaTIenHTaMgRsugeTA[c,ab;kargar .
CMBUkTI 10 beBaØI
EpñkTI 1 bTb,BaØtþiTUeTAsþIBIbeBaØI
maRta 669>- niymn½yénbeBaØI

1-beBaØI sMedAeTAelIkic©snüaEdlPaKImçagCaGñkTTYlbeBaØI snüaTTYl
ykvtßúbeBaØI BIPaKImçageTotCaGñkep£I mkrkSaTukkñúgGMLúgeBlEdl)ankMNt;
ehIyenAeRkayeBlEdlGMLúgeBlrkSaTukenaHRtUv)anbBa©b; RtUvsgvtßúdEdl
enaH eTA[Gñkep£Ivij .
2-ebIKμankic©snüaBiesseT Gñkep£IBMumankrNIykic©bg;kéRm[GñkTTYl
beBaØIeLIy . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI)aneFVIkic©snüaenaHCamYyGñkep£I
110
kñúgnamCaGaCIvkmμrbs;xøÜn b¤ RbsinebImankMNt;kñúgc,ab; eTaHbICaBMu)aneFVI
kic©snüaBiesscMeBaHkéRmk¾eday GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacTamTarkéRmsmrmüBIGñkep£I
)an .
¬kMNt;¦
1> maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénbeBaØI . beBaØIKWCakic©snüapþl;esva dUcCakic©snüakargar GaNtþi nig
kic©snüaem:Akar b:uEnþ esvaEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvpþl;enaH RKan;EtCa {karrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdl)anTTYl}
Etb:ueNÑaH . RbsinebImankarbEnßmesvaepSgeTot kic©snüaenaHnwgGackøayeTACakic©snüaem:Akar .
Ca]TahrN_ kic©snüamYyEdltamry³enaH GñkdMeNIrRbKl;GIva:n; eTARkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚntampøÚvrfePøIg
enAÉsßanIy_EdlGñkdMeNIrRtUvCiH ehIyGñkdMeNIrRtUvTTYlGIva:n;enaHvij enAsßanIy_EdlxøÜneTAdl; esva
EbbenH minEmnRKan;EtCakarrkSaTuknUvGIva:n;b:ueNÑaHeT . edaysarEtkatBVkic©dwkCBa¢ÚnGIva:n;[eTAdl;
eKaledARtUv)anbEnßm dUecñH FatupSMénkic©snüaem:Akar k¾RtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlEdr .
2> xageRkam KWCa]TahrN_xøH²sþIBIbeBaØI ³
¬!¦ ]TahrN_TImYy kic©snüasþúkTMnijkñúgXøaMg . GnþrkarI¼QμÜjkNþal énkarCYjdUrTMnij ¬Gñklk;duM¦
ekItmankñúgdMeNIrkarEckcayTMnij rvagplitkmμ nig karlk;eTA[GñkeRbIR)as; . CaFmμta Gñklk;duMCaeRcIn
EtgEtcUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkarenH . bnÞab;BIGñklk;duM)anTijTMnijBIGñkplitehIy BYkeKRtUvEtrkSaTMnijEdl
)anTijehIyenaH TukTRmaMEtBYkeKlk;TMnijTaMgenaH eTA[Gñklk;duM b¤ Gñklk;rayepSgeTot . RbsinebI
BYkeKminmankEnøgTukdak; b¤ karTukdak;enaHtRmUv[man]bkrN_Biess ¬dUcCa ]bkrN_køaes CaedIm¦ BYkeK
nwgpÞúkpþak;TMnijenaHeTA[Gñkkan;kab;XøaMg . kñúgkrNIenH Gñklk;duM nig Gñkkan;kab;XøaMg begáItnUv {kic©snüa
beBaØI} .
Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgecjbgáan;édXøaMgedIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBIsiT§irbs;GñkepJI . RbsinebIGñklk;duMlk;bnþnUvTMnij
Edl)anepJIenaH eTA[Gñklk;duMmñak;epSgeTot Gñklk;nwgRbKl;bgáan;édXøaMg[eTAGñkTijenaH . karRbKl;nUv
bgáan;édXøaMgenH mann½yfaCakarRbKl;nUvTMnijEdl)anepJIenaH . tammeFüa)ayenH TMnijRtUv)anEbgEck
RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB edaymincaM)ac;eFVIbMlas;TICak;EsþgénTMnijeLIy .
¬@¦ ]TahrN_epSgeToténbeBaØImandUcCa krNIEdlePJóv)anepJIvtßúmantémøenAsNæaKar b¤ GtifiCnep£IGIva:n;
CabeNþaHGasnñenAePaCnIydæan b¤ GñkdMeNIrep£IGIva:nC; abeNþaHGasnñenAsßanIy_ CaedIm . elIsBIenHeTAeTot
krNIbnÞab;enHk¾CabeBaØIEdr KW enAeBlmanvivaTGMBIkmμsiT§ielIvtßúNamYy ttiyCneFVIkarEfrkSanUvvtßúenaH rhUt
Tal;EtvivaTRtUv)anedaHRsaycb; . beBaØI[rkSaTukEbbenH ehAfa { visuNæab½n} ¬maRta 692 dl;maRta
111
698¦ .
3> kic©snüabeBaØImanlkçN³dUcteTA ³
¬!¦ kic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykarRbKl;vtßú nig kic©snüaÉketaPaKI ³ kñúgkic©snüabeBaØI enAeBl
EdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI {)anTTYlvtßú} krNIykic©rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHniwgekIteLIg ¬maRta 670¦ . mann½yfa
CaeKalkarN_ kic©snüabeBaØIRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaycaM)ac;RbKl;vtßú . b:uEnþ kic©snüabeBaØIEdlRtUv)an
begáIteLIg edaykarRBmeRBog k¾RtUv)anGnuBaØat[eFVIEdr ¬maRta 671¦ . karep£IedayminykkéRm KWCa
kic©snüaÉketaPaKI BIeRBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØITTYlbnÞúknUvkrNIykic©rkSaTuk nig RbKl;vijnUvvtßúepJI rIÉGñkepJI
minmankrNIykic©GVITaMgGs; .
¬@¦ eKalkarN_minykkéRm ¬kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH¦ ³ kñúgsgÁmCak;Esþg vtßúmYycMnYnRtUv)aneKrkSaTuk
edayminykkéRm ]TahrN_ dUcCakarEfrkSaGIva:n;[mansuvtßiPaBenAsarmnÞIr nig karEfrkSavtßúmantémø
enAsNæaKar[mansuvtßiPaB CaedIm . dUecñH eyIg)anbBaØtþfa CaeKalkarN_ beBaØIminykkéRm ehIycMeBaH
beBaØIeday[bg;éføvij RtUvEtmankarsnüaBiess . bu:Enþ enAeBlEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØITTYlnUvkarepJI kñúgnamCa
{GaCIvkmμ} rbs;xøÜn CaeKalkarN¾ beBaØIenaHRtUvEtKitéfø . beBaØIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anTTYlnUvkarepJI
kñúgnamCa {GaCIvkmμ} rbs;xøÜn KWCabeBaØIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaH TTYlmþgehIymþgeTotBIbuKÁlepSg² ehIy
EdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHTTYl)annUvcMeNj . GaCIvkmμXøaMgsþúkTMnijCabeBaØIsRmab;GaCIvkmμ b:uEnþ karEfrkSa
vtßúmantémøenAsNæaKar[mansuvtßiPaB minEmnCabeBaØIsRmab;GaCIvkmμeT BIeRBaHsNæaKarmin)anTTYl
plRbeyaCn¾GVIBIbeBaØIenaHeT .
4> kmμvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØI
¬!¦ kmμvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØI KWCa {vtßú} . CaFmμta kmμvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØICaclnvtßú b:uEnþ Gclnvtßú
k¾GackøayCakmμvtßúénbeBaØIEdr . b:uEnþ enAeBlEdlGclnvtßúRtUv)andak;epJI vaminRKan;EtRtUv)aneKrkSaTuk
b:ueNÑaHeT KWvak¾RtUv)aneKRKb;RKgpgEdr ¬]TahrN_dUcCakarRbmUléføQñÜlénPtisnüaGclnvtßú CaGaT×¦
ehtudUecñH CaTUeTA RtUv)aneKbkRsayfaCaGaNtþieRcInCagCabeBaØI . b:uEnþ enAEtGacmanbeBaØIGclnvtßú
RbsinebIGclnvtßúKan;EtRtUv)anrkSaTukedayminRKb;RKg .
¬@¦ siT§ielIbMNulminGackøayCakmμvtßúénbeBaØI b:uEnþ {b½NÑbMNul{ nig {lixitbBa¢ak;bMNul} EdlbBa¢ak;
bgðajsiT§ielIbMNul GackøayCakmμvtßúénbeBaØIEdr . ]TahrN_mYy KWRbB½n§karBarrkSaTukbeBaØIEdlRkumh‘un
PaKh‘unrkSaTuknUvPaKh‘unrbs;vinieyaKin . enAkñúgkrNIénbeBaØInUv]bkrN_EdlGacCYjdUr)an RbsinebI
beBaØIenaHGnuBaØat[mankarRbKl;vijnUvb½NÑEdlmanRbePT nig cMnYnTwkR)ak;dUcKña ehIymintRmUv[man
karsgvijnUv]bkrN_dEdlenaHeT kic©snüaenHkøayCabeBaØIbriePaK .
112
¬#¦ RbsinebIR)ak;RtUv)anrkSaTuk tamTRmg;Cakardak;kñúgeRsamsMbuRt R)ak;enaHGackøayCakmμvtßúénbeBaØI
eRBaHR)ak;kñúgeRsamsMbuRtenHRtUv)aneKcat;TukdUcKñanwg {vtßú} . b:uEnþ RbsinebIR)ak;minRtUv)andak;kñúg
eRsamsMbuRteT kic©snüaenHminEmnbeBaØIFmμtaeT EtCabeBaØIbriePaK . bBaØtþiBiessEdlTak;TgnwgkrNIenH
RtUv)antak;EtgeLIg ¬maRta 690¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 657 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 593 énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:un ¬beBaØIBaNiC¢kmμ¦ nig maRta
597 énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:un ¬GaCIvkmμXøaMgsþúkTMnij¦ .
maRta 670>- PaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarTTYlykvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØI

1-kic©snüabeBaØI RtUv)anbegáIteLIg edayGñkTTYlbeBaØI TTYlykkmμvtßúén
beBaØI tamkarRBmeRBog .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI)ankan;kab;kmμvtßúénbeBaØIenaHehIy kic©snüa
beBaØIRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykarRBmeRBogbegáItTMnak;TMngbeBaØIenaH . cMeBaHvtßú
Edlkan;kab;edayttiyCn kic©snüabeBaØIRtUv)anbegáIt enAeBlEdl)anepÞr
karkan;kab;edaykarbBa¢a .
¬kMNt;¦
1> kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgGMBIPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarTTYlvtßúedIm,IbegáItnUvkic©snüabeBaØIEdlmanGanuPaB .
ehtuplEdlEcgdUecñH KWedaysarEt CaeKalkarN_ beBaØIKWCakic©snüaedayminykkéRm dUecñH vamin
smrmüeT EdlRtUvpþl;GanuPaBxøaMgcMeBaHkarsnüa {epJIvtßú} nig {TTYlbeBaØI} enAeBlEdlvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú
minTan;RtUv)anepÞrenAeLIy .
k¾b:uEnþ karRBmeRBogKñaGaccgKUPaKI)an RbsinebIPaKITaMgBIreFVIkarRBmeRBogBiess cMeBaHbeBaØInaeBl
GnaKt ehIymanbMNg[karRBmeRBogKñaenaH[manGanuPaBcgKUPaKI . ]TahrN_ BaNiC¢krkMBugnaMcUlnUv
TMnijmkBIeRkARbeTs ehIybegáItkic©snüabeBaØIsRmab;eBlGnaKtCamYynwgGñkkan;kab;XøaMg edaysar
k)a:l;EdldwkTMnijnwgmkdl;kMBg;EpenAéf¶TI 00 Ex 00 CaGaT× . RbsinebIkic©snüaenHminmanGanuPaBcg
KUPaKIeT BaNiC¢krenaHnwgCYbbBaðaehIy . karsnüaenHnwgpþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgpgEdr
BIeRBaHGñkkan;kab;XøaMgGaceRKagTukCamun)anGMBIrebobeRbIR)as;XøaMgenaH . kñúgkrNIenH minmanbBaðaGVIeT
cMeBaHkarcat;Tukfa karRBmeRBog ¬kic©snüa¦ beBaØInaeBlGnaKtmanGanuPaB . maRta 671 )anEcgGMBI
113
kic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogEbbenH .
2> kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIkrNIEdlkic©snüabeBaØIRtUv)anbegáIteLIgeday {karRbKl;edaysegçb} nig
{karepÞrkarkan;kab;edaykarbBa¢a} .
kic©snüabeBaØItRmUv[mankarRbKl;nUvkmμvtßúedIm,IbegáItGanuPaB b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkEdlRtUvTTYlbeBaØI
)anrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúrYcehIy vaminmanRbeyaCn_GVIEdlRtUvRbKl;vtßúenaHeTA[Gñkep£Ivij edIm,I[
Gñkep£IeFVIkarRbKl;vtßúenaHCafμImþgeToteTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHeT . RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI nig GñkepJI
yl;RBmelIkic©snüabeBaØI kic©snüabeBaØIenaHbegáItGanuPaB . ]TahrN_mYy KWkrNIEdl A lk;vtßúmYyEdl
xøÜnkan;kab;kñúgnamCakmμsiT§ikr[eTA B b:uEnþ tamkarCak;Esþg minepÞrkarkan;kab;vtßúenaH[eTA B ehIybnþ
rkSavtßúenaH kñúgnamCaGñkTTYlbeBaØI . enHKWCakarbegáItkic©snüabeBaØIeday {karRbKl;edaysegçb} .
kic©snüabeBaØIk¾GacRtUv)anbegáIteLIgeday {karepÞrkarkan;kab;edaykarbBa¢a} . ]TahrN_ enAeBl A
CaGñkkan;kab;XøaMg ¬GñkTTYlbeBaØI¦ kMBugrkSaTukvtßúrbs;GñkepJI B RbsinebI B epÞrkmμsiT§ielIvtßúenaH[eTA C
mankrNIxøH C manbMNgbnþkic©snüasþúkTMnijCamYy A . kñúgkrNIenH kic©snüabeBaØIrvag C nig A
RtUv)anbegáIteLIg enAeBlEdl B bBa¢a[ A fa RtUvkan;kab;vtßúenaHsRmab; C eRkayeBleFVIkarbBa¢aenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 671>- GanuPaBénkic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBog

RbsinebIPaKI RKan;Et)anRBmeRBogfa nwgbegáItTMnak;TMngbeBaØInaeBl
GnaKt PaKInImYy²GacdkkarRBmeRBogenaHecj enAeBlNak¾)an rhUtdl;
eBlEdl)anRbKl;kmμvtßúénbeBaØIenaH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdl)ansnüabegáIt
kic©snüabeBaØIeday[bg;éføvij RbsinebI)aneFVI[xUcxatdl;PaKImçageTot eday
sarkarbdiesFminTTYlvtßúbeBaØIpÞúynwgkarsnüaenaH PaKIEdlCaGñkTTYlbeBaØI
mankrNIykic©RtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH [eTAPaKImçageTot RbsinebIkar
bdiesFenaH KμanmUlehtuRtwmRtUveT .
¬kMNt;¦
1> CakrNIelIkElgcMeBaHeKalkarN_énPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarTTYlykvtßú ¬maRta 670¦ maRtaenHEcgfa
kic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogEdl)anbegáIteLIgRtwmtamkarRBmeRBogKña edayminmankarRbKl;vtßú k¾
114
manGanuPaBEdr . b:uEnþ tamkarCak;Esþg beBaØIedaykarRBmeRBog CakarsnüaCamunGMBIbeBaØInaeBlGnaKt
ehtudUecñH vaminsmrmüeTkñúgkarpþl;[manGanuPaBcgxøaMgeBkenaH . müa:geTot karGnuvtþEbbenH Rsbnwg
qnÞ³rbs;PaKITaMgBIrpgEdr .
ehtudUecñH RbsinebIkic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogCakic©snüaEdlminykkéRm ¬muFa¦ PaKITaMgBIrGac
dkkarsnüaenaHeBlNak¾)an . ]TahrN_mYy edaysarEt A nwgRtUveTAbreTsedIm,IeFVICMnYjenAExeRkay A
)anCYlpÞH[GñkepSg ehIymitþPkþirbs; A KW B )ansnüafa CYyEfrkSavtßúmantémø ¬]TahrN_ can
søabRBaR)ak;¦ [ A edayminykkéRm . karsnüaenHbegáIteLIgnUvkic©snüabeBaØInaeBlGnaKt rvag A nig
B . b:uEnþ vaminsmrmüeT kñúgkarKitfa RbsinebI A xkxanmin)anRbKl;nUvvtßúmantémøTaMgenaHeTA[ B eT
karxkxanenHnwgkøayeTACakarbMBankic©snüaenaH . RbsinebI A ElgcaM)ac;RtUveTAbreTs enaH A Gacdk

karsnüavij nig mineFVIbeBaØIenaH)an . müa:geTot RbsinebI B pøas;bþÚrcitþvij B GacbdiesFmin
rkSaTuknUvvtßúmantémørbs; A )an . kñúgkrNINamYykñúgcMeNamkrNITaMgBIrenHekIteLIg PaKImçageTotnwgGac
manbBaða . CaBiess kñgú krNIeRkayenH A EdlnwgRtUveTAbreTs nwgmanbBaða . b:uEnþ minsmnwgdak;bnÞúkF¶n;
elI B eT BIeRBaHkic©snüarvag A nig B Cakic©snüaedayminykkéRm ¬muFa¦ ehIyRbsinebI A GacTamTar[
B TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© enaHbnÞúkrbs; B F¶n;F¶reBkehIy . cMeBaHkrNIénkic©snüa
RbTankmμEdlCakic©snüaedayminyktémøfñÚrEdrenaH RbsinebIRbTankmμEdlminRtUv)aneFVICalayl½kçN_
GkSr minTan;RtUv)anGnuvtþeT kics© nüaenHGacRtUv)anlubecal . ehtudUecñH edIm,IrkSa[mantulüPaB
KYrbnßybnÞkú ecjBII B . edayBicarNaeTAelIehtuplTaMgGs;xagelIenHehIy maRtaenHEcgfa kñúgkrNIén
beBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogEdlminykkéRm PaKIGacdkkarRBmeRBog)an rhUtdl;eBlmankarRbKl;vtßúEdl
CakmμvtßúénbeBaØI .
kñúgkrNIenHbeBaØIedayyktémøfñÚrEdl[GñkepJIbg;kéRmvij manPaBsmrmükñúgkarpþl;[nUvGanuPaBxøaMg
CagGanuPaBénbeBaØIedayminykkéRm . ]TahrN_ RbsinebI A cg;epJITMnijeTA B EdlCaGñkkan;kab;XøaMg
cab;BIéf¶TI 1 ExeRkay ehIyGñkkan;kab;XøaMg)anyl;RBm Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgRtUverobcMkEnøgsRmab;dak;
TMnijepJIenAéf¶Edl)ansnüa EdlkarN_enH tRmUv[mankarerobcM nig karRKb;RKgXøaMg ¬]TahrN_ kar
RKb;RKgEpnkareRbIR)as;XøaMgedaykuMBüÚT½r¦ . cMeBaHGñkepJIvij A nwgeFVIskmμPaBedayEp¥kelIkarsnñidæanfa
Gñkkan;kab;XøaMg nwgeFVIkarEfrkSaTukTMnij cab;taMgBIéf¶ dUc)aneRBogTuktamkarsnüa edayKμankarxkxan
BIeRBaHkic©snüasþúkTMnijCakic©snüaedayykkéRm . ehtudUecñH vamanPaBsmrmükñúgkarelIkkm<s;GanuPaB
énkic©snüabeBaØIedayyktémøfñÚr ¬vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH¦ .
2> GanuPaBénkic©snüabeBaØIedaykarRBmeRBogeday[bg;éfø ¬vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH¦
115
GanuPaBén {krNIykic©rkSaTuknUvvtßú} rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI ¬Gñkkan;kab;XøaMg¦ KWxøaMg . RbsinebIGñkkan;
kab;XøaMgbdiesFminTTYlkarRbKl;vtßúbeBaØIedayKμanehtupl Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsMNg
énkarxUcxat cMeBaHGñkepJI . b:uEnþ karbgçM[GnuvtþkatBVkic©edaypÞal; minRtUv)anGnuBaØateT .
cMENkÉ {krNIykic©epJIkmμvtßúénbeBaØI} rbs;GñkepJI mincaM)ac;TTYlsÁal;eLIy . eTaHbICaRtUvKitBicarNa
eTAdl;plRbeyaCn_rbs;Gñkkan;kab;XøaMgk¾eday k¾vaminsmehtuplEdrkñúgkarEcgfa RbsinebI A EdlCa
GñkepJIxkxanmin)andak;kmμvtßúénbeBaØI B EdlCaGñkkan;kab;XøaMgGacTamTar[Gñkep£Idak;kmμvtßúénbeBaØI)an .
3> edaysarEtmaRtaenHminEmnCabBaØtþiEdlRtUvGnuvtþdac;xateT RbsinebIPaKIénkic©snüa)aneFVIkarsnüa
BiessEdlmanxøwmsarepSgBImaRtaenH karsnüaBiessenHnwgmanGaTiPaBelImaRtaenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 472 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs ¬beBaØI KWCakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykar
RBmeRBog¦
maRta 672>- kic©snüabeBaØIEdl)aneFVIedayGñkKμankmμsiT§i

eTaHbICaGñkep£IKμankmμsiT§ielIvtßúep£Ik¾eday k¾kic©snüabeBaØIenaH RtUv)an
begáItGanuPaBEdr . enAkñúgkrNIenH eTaHbICamanBakübNþwgTamTar[sgvtßú
rbs;kmμsiT§ikr cMeBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØIk¾eday k¾GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgvtßúbeBaØIenaH
eTA[Gñkep£Ivij)anEdr . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNI
EdlbNþwgTamTar[sgvtßúrbs;kmμsiT§ikr RtUv)anTTYlsÁal; .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHBak;B½n§nwgTMnak;TMngKtiyutþ kñúgkrNIénbeBaØInUvvtßúEdlCakmμsiT§irbs;GñkdéTeTot .
dUcKñanwgkrNIEdlkarlk;TijnUvvtßúrbs;GñkdéTmanGanuPaB kic©snüabeBaØIénvtßúEdlCakmμsiT§irbs;GñkdéT
k¾manGanuPaBEdr . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénkarlk;TijnUvvtßúrbs;GñkdéT GñkTijGacTamTarrMlaykic©snüa b¤
TamTarsMNgkarxUcxatBIGñklk; rIÉkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIvtßúrbs;GñkdéTvij KμanbBaðaGVIekIteLIgBak;B½n§nwg
karTamTar[GñkepJITTYlxusRtUvedayGñkTTYlbeBaØIeT BIeRBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØI minTTYlrgkarxUcxatGVIBIbeBaØI
énkmμsiT§iGñkdéT .
bBaðasMxan;CagenH manenARtg;cMNucfa GñkTTYlbeBaØIKYreFVIdUcemþc enAeBlEdlkmμsiT§ikrTamTar[
RbKl;vijnUvvtßúbeBaØIenaH . RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIRbKl;nUvvtßúbeBaØIeTAkmμsiT§ikrvij edaysarEtkmμsiT§ikr
116
TamTar[RbKl;vijnUvvtßúbeBaØI GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacnwgbMBanelIkic©snüaEdl)aneFVICamYyGñkepJI ¬RbsinebI
eRkaymk eKrkeXIjfa GñkEdl)anTamTar[RbKl;vijminEmnCakmμsiT§ikrBitR)akd¦ . müa:gvijeTot
RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØImineFVItamkarTamTarrbs;kmμsiT§ikreT GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHnwgRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar
karbMBankmμsiT§icMeBaHkmμsiT§ikr . edIm,IedaHRsayeTVeRKaHrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI maRtaenHRtUv)antak;EtgeLIg .
TImYy eTaHbICakmμsiT§ikrdak;BakübNþwgTamTar[sgvtßúk¾eday k¾GñkTTYlbeBaØIminmankarTTYlxusRtUv
cMeBaHkmμsiT§ikreT RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIsgvtßúbeBaØIenaH[eTAGñkepJIvij . b:uEnþ RbsinebIesckþIseRmc
rbs;tulakarEdlseRmcfa GñkTamTarenaHCakmμsiT§ikr )ancUlCasßaBr GñkTTYlbeBaØIKYrEtsgvtßúbeBaØIeTA
kmμsiT§ikrvij ehtudUecñH GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHnwgRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkmμsiT§ikr RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIsg
vtßúbeBaØIeTAGñkepJIvij . kñúgkrNIEdlkmμsiT§ikrTamTar[GñkTTYlbeBaØIRbKl;mkxøÜnvijnUvvtßúbeBaØI enAeRkay
eBlEdlkmμsiT§ikrenaHQñHkñúgbNþwgTamTar[bBa¢ak;GMBIkmμsiT§i GñkTTYlbeBaØIk¾RtUvsgnUvvtßúeTAkmμsiT§ikr
vijEdr . TIBIr maRtaenHmin)anbBa¢ak;fa etIGñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© cMeBaH
Gñkep£IEdr b¤ y:agNaenaHeT RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIsgvtßúbeBaØIeTAGñkTamTar edayGñkTTYlbeBaØIKitfa
vaTMngxøaMgNas; EdlGñkTamTarKWCakmμsiT§ikr tamry³karvinicä½y edayEp¥kelIPsþútagepSg²CaeRcIn
eTaHbICasiT§ielIkmμsiT§irbs;GñkTamTarminTan;RtUv)ankMNt;CasßaBredayesckþIseRmcrbs;tulakark¾eday .
cMeBaHkrNIenH GacbkRsayfa GñkTTYlbeBaØIminTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©eLIy RbsinebI
GñkTamTarKWCakmμsiT§ikrBitR)akd edaysarEtGñkTTYlbeBaØIminmankMhusEdlCal½kçx½NÐénkarminGnuvtþ
katBVkic©eLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 673>- krNIykic©rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI

1-GñkTTYlbeBaØI mankrNIykic©rkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI edayBüayamRbugRby½tñ
kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit .
2-ebIKμankaryl;RBmBIGñkep£IeT GñkTTYlbeBaØI minGaceRbIvtßúbeBaØI)an
eLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH bBa¢ak;GMBIkRmiténkrNIykic©rkSaTukvtßúbeBaØIrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI . Rkm
117
rdæb,evNICb:unkat;bnßynUvkRmiténkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIedayminykkéRm b:uEnþ bBaØtþienH
TTYlrgnUvkarriHKn; . bBaðaenH minsuIsgVak;CamYykrNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GñkRKb;RKg kñúgnamCaGñk
RKb;RKgedaysucrit kñúgkrNIénGaNtþiedayminykkéRm nig GaNtþiBüa)alPaB ¬trust¦ . ehtudUecñH
maRtaenHEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvEtTTYlnUvkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgnamCa
GñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit kñúgkrNIénbeBaIØedayminykkéRm .
kfaxNÐTI 2 bBa¢ak;fa GñkTTYlbeBaØIKμansiT§iGMNaceRbIvtßúbeBaØI .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1249 ¬krNIykic©rkSaTuk nig krNIykic©RbKl;¦ maRta 1251 ¬GñkTTYlbeBaØIminmansiT§ieRbI¦
nig maRta 1252 ¬karGnuBaØat[eRbIRtUv)ansnμt kñúgkrNIbeBaØIedayminykkéRm nig minRtUv)ansnμt kñúg
krNIbeBaØIeday[bg;kéRm¦ énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1927 ¬krNIykic©RbugRby½tñdUcKña
nwgkarEfrkSaRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn¦ maRta 1928 ¬karbEnßmkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgkrNIxøH beBaØItam
karTamTarBIGñkTTYlbeBaØI beBaØIedayykkéRm beBaØIEdlmaneKalbMNgesÞIEtsRmab;plRbeyaCn_rbs;
GñkepJI CaGT×¦ nig maRta 1930 ¬karhamkareRbIR)as;vtßúbeBaØI¦ énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 659
¬krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIedayminykkéRm¦ nig maRta 658 ¬karhamkarRbIR)as;vtßúbeBaØI¦
énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 593 dl;maRta 596 énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:un .
maRta 674>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI

1-enAkñúgkrNIEdl)aneFVI[)at;bg; b¤ )aneFVI[Ebk)ak;vtßúbeBaØIenaH Gñk
TTYlbeBaØI RtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmk
GnuvtþeLIy ebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anbBa¢ak;GMBIkarKμankMhus cMeBaHkareFVI[)at;bg; b¤
Ebk)ak;enaH .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlbeBaØIRtUv)aneFVIeLIg tamkarTamTarrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI
RbsinebIKμankarbBa¢ak;faCakrNIRbFanskþieT GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGacrYcputBIkar
TTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHkareFVI[)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak;)aneLIy .
3-enATIkEnøgdUcCa sNæaKar pÞHsMNak; ePaCnIydæan kEnøggUtTwk
sil,³karüepSgeTotEdlmaneP£óvCYbCMu RbsinebIkmμsiT§ikrénsil,³karüTaMgLay
enaH )anTTYlvtßúbeBaØIBIeP£óv RbsinebIKμankarbBa¢ak;faCakrNIRbFanskþieT
118
GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGacrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkareFVI[)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak;
)aneLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHbBaØtþGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI . edaysarmaRta 673 EcgGMBIkrNIykic©Rbug
Rby½tñrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit kfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;
GñkTTYlbeBaØI kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHeFVI[xUcxatdl;vtßúbeBaØI edaykarbMBankrNIykic©rbs;xøÜn .
karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUcxat KWCakarTTYlxusedaymankMhus b:uEnþ
GñkTamTarsMNgkarxUcxat minTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkarbBa¢ak;GMBIkMhusenaHeT . enHCakarGnuvtþnUveKalkarN_
TUeTAénkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxatedayykkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©mkeFVICamUlehtu ¬maRta 398¦ .
müa:geTot kar)at;bg;rYmmanTaMgecarkmμ nig kar)at; .
kfaxNÐTI 2 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 EcgGMBIkrNIelIkElgmYycMnYn .
kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIkarbEnßmnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI kñúgkrNIEdlbeBaØIminRtUv)an
eFVIeLIgedayqnÞ³esrIrbs;GñkepJI b:uEnþ eTAtamkarTamTarrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIkñúgsßanPaBCak;lak;NamYy .
]TahrN_ enAeBlGñkNamñak;cUleTAkñúgbNÑal½y b¤ sarmnÞIr Kat;RtUv)anTamTar[ep£IGIva:n;rbs;Kat;
enAbNÑal½y b¤ sarmnÞIrenaH . karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvedayKμankMhus .
eKalkarN_enH KWEp¥kelImaRta 1928 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig Rkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa .
kfaxNÐTI 3 Ecgfa sNæaKar ePaCnIydæan nig sil,³karüepSgeTotEdlmanePJóvCYbCMu RtUvTTYl
xusRtUvedayKμankMhus ¬" receptum" liability¦ . kfaxNÐTI 2 Can;KñaCamYyEpñkxøH énkfaxNÐTI 3 b:uEnþ
tamkfaxNÐTI 3 GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvTTYlxusRtUvedayKμankMhuspgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlGñkepJI)anepJIvtßúeday
sμ½RKcitþ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 594 ¬karTTYlxusRtUvedayKμankMhusrbs;sNæaKar ePaCnIydæan nig kEnøgRsedogKñaepSg
eTot¦ énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:un/ maRta 1928 ¬karbEnßmkrNIykic©rkSaTuk kñúgkrNIénbeBaØItamkarTamTar
rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI nig beBaØIedayykkéRm CaGaT×¦ nig maRta 1929 ¬karrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkrNI
RbFanskþi nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgGMLúgeBlyWty:avkñúgkarGnuvtþkrNIykic©sgeTAvij eTaHbICakrNI
RbFanskþi¦ énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1253 dl;maRta 1255 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta
2289 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic .
119
maRta 675>- karbnßykarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIedayminykkéRm
enAkñúgbeBaØIedayminykkéRm tulakarGacbnßykarTTYlxusRtUvsgsMNg
énkarxUcxatrbs;Gñkep£I edayBicarNaeTAelIsßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþiPaKITaMgsg
xag nig kal³eTs³epSg²eTot)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHsRmalkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIedayminykkéRm . GñkTTYlbeBaØIedayminyk
kéRmmankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucritpgEdr ¬maRta 673¦ b:uEnþ edaysar
manrkrNIxøHEdlkarTTYlxusRtUvmanTm¶n;F¶n;F¶rtamsßanPaBmYycMnYn maRtaenHTTYlsÁal;siT§iGMNacrbs;
tulakarkñúgkarbnßykarTTYlxusRtUvedayqnÞanusiT§i .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 659 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 2290 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic ¬beBaØIedayminykéRm krNI
Edlmin)anraykarN_GMBIvtßúEdlmantémø¦
maRta 676>- karsRmalkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkrNIEdlmin)anraykarN_GMBI

vtßúEdlmantémøx<s;
enAkñúgkrNIEdlGñkepJI)anepJIR)ak; ]bkrN_GacCYjdUr)an nig vtßúEdl
mantémøx<s;epSgeTot RbsinebIGñkep£I min)anraykarN_GMBIRbePT nig témøenaH
eTA[GñkTTYlbeBaØIeT tulakarGacbnßykarTTYlxusRtUvsgsMNgénkarxUcxat
rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgBIkarkat;bnßynUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI kñúgkrNIEdlGñkep£Ixkxanmin)an
raykarN_eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIfa vtßúep£ICavtßúmantémø .
maRta 595 énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:unEcgfa RbsinebIGñkepJImin)aneFVIRbtievTn_CUneTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIeT
GñkTTYlbeBaØIminTTYlxusRtUveLIy . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØImankMhusF¶n;F¶r vaminsmrmüeTEdlGñk
TTYlbeBaØIminTTYlxusRtUvGVIesaHenaH ehIyeTaHbICakMhusrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHtictYck¾eday k¾vaminsm
EdrkñúgkarbdiesFecalTaMgRsugnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIedaysV½yRbvtþi . ehtudUecñH maRtaenH
120
kRmitGanuPaBénkarxkxanraykarN_GMBIvtßúmantémøRtwmkar {bnßy} karTTYlxusRtUv . b:uEnþ maRtaenHmin
bdiesFnUvkarelIkElg[rYcBIkarTTYlxusRtUvTaMgRsugEdlGaceFVIeTA)anGaRs½yeTAtamsßanPaBenaHeT .
RbsinebIvtßúbeBaØICavtßúEdlmantémø GñkTTYlbeBaØInwgeFVIkarrkSaTukedayRbugRby½tñBiess edIm,IkuM[man
karxUcxat . pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØImin)andwgfa vtßúbeBaØIenaHCavtßúEdlmantémøeT GñkTTYlbeBaØI
nwgeFVIkarRbugRby½tñFmμtaEtb:ueNÑaH . b:uEnþ vaCaerOgGkuslcMeBaHTTYlbeBaØIehIyenAeBlEdlxøÜnTTYlnUv
karTamTarsMNgkarxUcxatEdlmanTMhMFM enAeRkayeBlEdlkarxUcxat)anekIteLIgehIyenaH .
elIsBIenHeTAeTot edaysarEtkarrkSaTuknUvvtßúEdlmantémø TamTar[mankarcMNayeRcInsn§wksn§ab;
EdrenaH GñkTTYlbeBaØITamTarkéRmsRmab;karrkSaTukenaHelIsBIFmμta . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI
min)andwgfa vtßúenaHmantémøx<s; GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGaceFVIdUecñaH)aneLIy . edaymUlehtuenH eKalKMnitén
maRtaenH KW[GñkepJIraykarN_R)ab;GñkTTYlbeBaØIfa vtßúenaHmantémø .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 2290 énRkmrdæb,evNIkebic/ maRta 595 énRkmBaNiC¢kmμCb:un
maRta 677>- krNIykic©énkarrkSaTukedayxøÜnÉg

1-ebIKμankaryl;RBmBIGñkepJIeT GñkTTYlbeBaØIBMuGac[ttiyCnrkSaTukvtßú
beBaØI)aneLIy .
2-kñgú krNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØGI ac[ttiyCnrkSaTukvtßbú eBaØ)I an GñkTTYl
beBaØRI tUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkareRCIstaMg nig RtYtBinti üGñkTTYlbeBaØIEdlRtUv)an
[rkSaTukbnþ .
¬kMNt;¦
1> kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgGMBIkrNIkic©rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIkñúgkarrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØIedayxøÜnÉgpÞal; . Ca
eKalkarN_ GñkTTYlbeBaØIBMuGac[ttiyCnrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØIbnþ)aneLIy .
eTaHbICaGñkTTYlbeBaØIRKan;EtRbtibtþikarrkSaTuknUvvtßúbeBaØIb:ueNÑaHk¾eday k¾Gñkep£I)anBicarNaGMBICMnaj
nig l½kçx½NÐdéTepSgeTotrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI enAeBlseRmcepJIvtßúenaHEdr ehtudUecñH vaminsmrmüeTEdlGñk
TTYlbeBaØIenaHpÞúkpþak;epJIbnþnUvvtßúbeBaØIeTAttiyCnedayesrI . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénbeBaØIBaNiC¢kmμ Cajwkjab;
PaKIénkic©snüamanqnÞ³GnuBaØat[manbeBaØIbnþ . kñúgkrNIenH RbkarEdlGnuBaØat[ttiyCnrkSaTukbnþ
RtUvEtsresrbBa©Úlkñúgkic©snüabeBaØI .
121
2> kfaxNÐTI 2 bBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;fa GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkareRCIstaMg nig RtYtBinitü
GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ . eTaHbICakic©snüabeBaØIGnuBaØat[manbeBaØIbnþk¾eday k¾GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvEteRCIstaMg
nUvGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþEdlsmrmü enAeBlEdlxøÜneFVIbeBaØIbnþEdr . RbsinebIeRCIstaMgnUvGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ
minsmrmü ehIyvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)anxUcxat b¤ )at;bg;edaysarkMhusrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ GñkTTYlbeBaØICa
GñkRtUvTTYlxusRtUv . bEnßmBIelIenH eTaHbICaGñkTTYlbeBaØI)aneRCIstaMgGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþEdlsmrmü
k¾eday k¾GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvEtTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarRtYtBinitümin)anditdl;Edr RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI
yl;eXIjfa meFüa)ayEfrkSavtßúbeBaØIrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþenaHminRtwmRtUv b:uEnþ min)aneGIeBIcMeBaHbBaðaenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 678>- beBaØIbnþ

1-bBaØtþiénCMBUkTI 10 ¬beBaØI¦ enH RtUvykmkGnuvtþpgEdr cMeBaHTMnak;
TMngrvagGñkTTYlbeBaØI nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ .
2-GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ mansiT§i nig krNIykic©dUcKñanwgGñkTTYlbeBaØIEdr
cMeBaHGñkep£I .
3-kñúgkrNIEdl)ansgvtßúbeBaØI[eTAGñkep£IehIy GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ RtUv
rYcputBIkrNIykic©sg cMeBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØI .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHBak;B½n§nwgTMnak;TMngKtiyutþenAkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIbnþ .
kfaxNÐTI 1 bBa¢ak;fa bBaØtþiEdlTak;TgnwgbeBaØI RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHTMnak;TMngKtiyutþrvagGñkTTYl
beBaØI nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ . eTaHbICakarBitKWGBa©wgEmnehIyk¾eday eyIgbBa©ÚlmaRtaenH edIm,IkuM[mankar
sgS½y .
kfaxNÐTI 2 bBa¢ak;GMBITMnak;TMngrvagGñkep£I nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ . eTaHbICaminmanTMnak;TMng
kic©snüarvagGñkTaMgBIrk¾eday k¾vaminmanPaBsmrmüEdrRbsinebIIniyayfa BYkeKKμanTMnak;TMngKtiyutþ
nwgKñaenaH . ]TahrN_ bnÞab;BIputGMLúgeBlsRmab;beBaØIehIy GñkepJIKYrEtGacTamTaredaypÞal;eTAGñk
TTYlbeBaØIbnþ [sgvijnUvvtßúbeBaØI . RbsinebIGñkepJIGacTamTar[sgvtßúvij EtBIGñkTTYlbeBaØIb:ueNÑaH
karGnuvtþEbbenHnwgminRKan;Etb:HBal;dl;plRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJIb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþ CaviFankarEdlRbeyal
122
eBkpgEdr . elIsBIenHeTAeTot RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþmansiT§iTamTarkéRmsRmab;karep£I vaRtwmRtUv
ehIyEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþGacTamTarnUvkéRmenHBIGñkep£I edaysarEtTMnak;TMngKtiyutþrvagGñkep£I nig
GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþRtUv)anTTYlsÁal; . cMeBaHcMnYnénkéRmb:unμan GaRs½yeTAelIl½kçx½NÐepSg² dUcCa etIGñkep£I
nig GñkTTYlbeBaØImaneFVIkic©RBmeRBogcMeBaHkéRmEdr b¤eT nig etIGñkTTYlbeBaØI nig GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ maneFVI
kic©RBmeRBogEdlBak;B½n§CamYynwgkéRmEdr b¤eT CaGaT× . karBicarNaCamUldæanmandUcteTA ³ GñkTTYl
beBaØIbnþGacTamTarkéRmBIGñkep£IrhUtdl;cMnYnGtibrma éncMnYnEdl)anRBmeRBogKñarvagGñkTTYlbeBaØI nig
GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ ¬]bmafa 100¦ nig kñúgTMhMéncMnYnkéRmEdlGñkep£I nig GñkTTYlbeBaØI)anRBmeRBog
¬]bmafa 80¦ ¬kñúgkrNIenH GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþGacTamTar)an 80¦ .
kfaxNÐTI 3 bBa¢ak;CaBiessGMBIkrNIykic©sgvtßúbeBaØI . GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþmankrNIykic©sgvtßúeTA[
GñkTTYlbeBaØIvijtamkic©snüabeBaØIbnþEdl)ancuHCamYyGñkTTYlbeBaØI . b:uEnþ müa::gvijeTot GñkTTYlbeBaØI
bnþ mankrNIykic©sgvtßú[GñkepJIvij edayeyagtamkfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH . TMnak;TMngrvagkrNIykic©
TaMgBIrenHKWCabBaða . kfaxNÐTI 3 )anbBa¢ak;ya:gc,as;fa RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþsgvtßúbeBaØIeTA
GñkepJIvij GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþminGacGnuvtþkrNIykic©tamkic©snüabeBaØIbnþCamYyGñkTTYlbeBaØI)aneTot b:uEnþ
GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþnwgminTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic©eT . maRtaenHmin)anbBaØtþGMBIkrNIykic©
sgEdlGñkTTUlbeBaØIbnþmancMeBaHGñkepJI kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþ)ansgvtßúbeBaØIeTAGñkTTYlbBaØIeT
b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTUYlbeBaØIbnþenaH)ansgvtßúbeBaØI eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIrYcehIy Gñkep£IElgGacTamTar[
GñkTTYlbeBaØIbnþsgvtßúbeBaØImkxøÜnvijeTotehIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 105 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 107 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr
edayeyagtam kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 658 énRkmdEdlenaH
maRta 679>- krNIykic©CUndMNwgrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI

RbsinebIttiyCnEdlGHGagGMBIsiT§icMeBaHvtßúbeBaØI )andak;BakübNþwg
cMeBaHGñkTTYlbeBaØI b¤ vtßúbeBaØI RtUv)anrwbGUs GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvCUndMNwg
GMBIehtuenaH eTA[Gñkep£I edayKμankaryWtya:v .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHpþl;[GñkepJInUv»kaskarBarsiT§irbs;xøÜn tamry³karCUndMNwgeTAGñkep£IenaH kñúgkrNIEdl
123
ttiyCnGnuvtþsiT§i edayGHGagfa xøÜnmankmμsiT§ielIvtßúbeBaØIenaH . RbsinebIGñkepJITTYldMNwgfa ttiyCn
)anGnuvtþsiT§i GñkepJIGacRbmUlPsþútagEdlbBa¢ak;fa kmμsiT§irbs;GñkepJImansuBlPaB ehIypþl;PsþútagenaH
eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØI edIm,I[GñkTTYlbeBaØIGaceFVIskmμPaBbNþwg CaGaT× edIm,IplRbeyaCn_dl;GñkTTYlbeBaØI .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 660 nig maRta 615 ¬krNIykic©CUndMNwgcMeBaHkrNIPtisnüa¦énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un
maRta 680>- karTamTar[sg BIGñkepJI

eTaHbICaPaKI)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénkarsgvtßúbeBaØIk¾eday Gñkep£IGacTam
Tar[sgvtßúbeBaØIenaH enAeBlNak¾)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHbBa¢ak;BIeBlevlaEdlGñkepJIGacTamTar[sgvijnUvvtßúbeBaØI . edaysarbeBaØIRtUv)aneFVIeLIg
edIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJI GñkTTYlbeBaØIminmanplRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜnGVIkñúgkarbnþbeBaØIeT elIkElgEt
kéRm . ehtudUecñH eTaHbICakic©snüabeBaØImankMNt;GMLúgeBlk¾eday k¾GñkepJIGacTamTar[sgvij enAeBl
Nak¾)an . KMnitenHRtUv)anTTYlsÁal;enAkñúgc,ab;énRbeTsepSg²CaeRcIn .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 662 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un nig maRta 1944 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 681>- karsgBIGñkTTYlbeBaØI

1-RbsinebIPaKIBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénkarsgvtßúbeBaØIeT GñkTTYlbeBaØI
GacsgvtßúbeBaØIenaH enAeBlNak¾)an .
2-RbsinebImankMNt;GMLúgeBlEdlRtUvsg ebIKμanmUlehtuEdlBMuGac
eCosvag)aneT GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGacsgvtßúbeBaØI enAmuneBlkMNt;)aneLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIviFannana EdlTak;TgnwgkarsgnUvvtßúbeBaØIedayGñkTTYlbeBaØI .
enAkñúgkic©snüabeBaØI CaTUeTA eBlkMNt;RtUvsgRtUv)ankMNt;edIm,IRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJI . mann½yfa
GñkepJIrMBwgfa GñkTTYlbeBaØInwgrkSaTukvtßúrhUtdl;eBlRtUvsg . edIm,IkarBarnUvkarrMBwgTukenaH kfaxNÐTI 2
124
Ecgfa enAeBlmankarkMNt;GMBIeBlRtUvsgvtßúvij CaeKalkarN_ GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGacsgvtßúbeBaØI enAmun
eBlkMNt;)aneT . b:uEnþ GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgvtßúbeBaØImuneBlkMNt;)an RbsinebImanmUlehtuEdlminGac
eCosvag)an dUcCakarrkSaTuk minGaceFVIeTA)an edaysarkarxUcxatsmÖar³sRmab;sþúkenAkEnøgepJI CaedIm .
RbsinebIeBlsRmab;sgminRtUv)ankMNt;eT vaminc,as;eTfa Gñkep£Icg;[GñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI
rhUtdl;eBlNaenaHeT . dUecñH plRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJInwgminRtUv)aneFVI[xUcxateRcIneT RbsinGñkTTYl
beBaØIGacsgvtßúenAeBlNak¾)an ¬kfaxNÐTI 1¦ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 682>- Gtßn½yénkrNIykic©sg

1-GñkTTYlbeBaØI mankrNIykic©sgvtßúdEdl Edl)anTTYlenAeBlep£I .
2-enAkñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI BMuTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkareFVI[)at;bg; b¤
Ebk)ak;vtßúbeBaØIeT RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anTTYlR)ak;Fanara:b;rg b¤ vtßúepSg
eTot CMnYsvtßúbeBaØIEdlRtUv)aneFVI[)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak;enaH GñkTTYlbeBaØIman
krNIykic©RtUvsgvtßúEdl)aneFVI])aeTskmμenaH [eTAGñkep£Ivij .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIGVIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvsgenAeBlEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIenaHsgvtßúep£IeTAvij .
kñúgkic©snüabeBaØIFmμta GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvsgnUvvtßúdEdl dUcEdl)anTTYlenAeBlTTYlbeBaØI elIkElg
EtkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIbriePaK EdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIGacbriePaKvtßúenaH)an ¬maRta 690¦ .
kfaxNÐTI 2 bBaØtþGMBIkrNIEdlvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)aneFVI[)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak; . RbsinebIvtßúenaHRtUv)aneFVI[
)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak; bNþalmkBIkMhusrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI GñkTTYlbeBaØIenaH RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgnUv
sMNgénkarxUcxateTA[GñkepJI . edaysarbBaðaenHGacRtUv)anecjBIeKalkarN_TUeTATak;TgeTAnwgkar
TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© maRtaenHmin)anEcgGMBIcMNucenHeLIy .
RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIKμankMhuscMeBaHkar)at;bg; b¤ karEbk)ak;vtßúbeBaØIeT GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgeTAvij
nUvvtßútamPaBCak;Esþg ¬RbsinebIvtßúRtUv)aneFVI[xUcxat GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgvtßúEdlxUcxatenaH¦ . b:uEnþ
RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anTTYlnUvvtßúCMnYsvtßúEdl)at;bg; b¤ Ebk)ak; GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvEtRbKl;nUvvtßúCMnYs
enaHeTA[GñkepJI . ]TahrN_ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anTTYlR)ak;Fanara:b;rg GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvRbKl;
125
R)ak;Fanara:b;rgenaH[eTAGñkepJI . ebIniyay[twgrwugeTA RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØImankarFanara:b;rgelI
karTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIminRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUcxat R)ak;Fanara:b;rg
minRtUv)anbg;eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØIeT . kñúgkrNIénkarFanara:b;rgcMeBaHkarxUcxat edaysarkmμsiT§ikrKYrEt
begáItkic©snüaFanara:b;rg CaTUeTA KμanR)ak;Fanara:b;rgNamYynwgRtUv)anbg;eTA[GñkTTYlbeBaØIeT . b:uEnþ
edaysarGacmankrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIEdlminmankmμsiT§i begáItkic©snüaFanara:b;rgya:gTUlMTUlayelI
haniP½yTUeTA RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anbegáItkic©snüaEbbenH GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacTTYlR)ak;Fanara:b;rg tam
xøwmsarénkic©snüaFanara:b;rgenaH)an . kñúgkrNIenH GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvRbKl;R)ak;Fanara:b;rgenaHeTAGñkepJI .
RbsinebIvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)aneFVI[xUcxatbNþalmkBIGMeBIGnItüanukUlrbs;ttiyCn siT§iTamTarsMNgkarxUcxat
KWminEmnCarbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIeT b:uEnþ Carbs;m©as;vtßúbeBaØI . dUecñH GñkTTYlbeBaØIminRtUvTTYlsMNgkar
xUcxateLIy . b:uEnþ mankrNIxøHEdlttiyCnenaHmindwgfa kmμsiT§ikrenAÉNa ehIysgsMNgkarxUcxatenH
eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØI)an edIm,I[GñkTTYlbeBaØIRbKl;sMNgkarxUcxatenaHeTAGñkepJI . kñúgkrNIenH GñkTTYl
beBaØIRtUvRbKl;nUvsMNgkarxUcxatEdlxøÜn)anTTYlenaHeTAGñkepJI .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1932 ¬krNIykic©sgnUvvtßúdEdl viFanBiesskñúgkrNICaR)ak;¦/ maRta 1933 ¬karsgvij
nUvvtßú tamsßanPaBCak;EsþgenAeBlEdlRtUvsg¦ nig maRta 1934 ¬karsgvtßúEdlRtUv)an])aeTskmμ¦
énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 683>- karcat;Ecgpl CaGaT×

kñúgkrNIEdl)anTTYlpl b¤ cMNUlEdlekIteLIgBIvtßúbeBaØI GñkTTYl
beBaØI RtUvRbKl;pl b¤ cMNUlenaH [eTAGñkep£I .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHkMNt;GMBIrebobcat;EcgplEdlekIteLIgBIvtßúbeBaØI .
]TahrN_mYycMnYnénpldUcCa kUnstVEdlekItmkBIstVEdlRtUv)anepJI nig plcMeNjEdl)anmkBI
GclnvtßúEdlRtUv)anepJI ¬dUcCaplcMeNj)anmkBIkEnøgctrfynþEdl)andak;CabeBaØI¦ . b:uEnþ edaysar
stVRtUvkarEfTaM vamankarlM)akkñúgkarykstVmkeFVICakmμvtßúénkic©snüabeBaØIEdlRKan;EtedIm,I {rkSaTuk} vtßú .
tamkarCak;Esþg kic©snüaGaNtþinwgRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;karrkSaTukstV . krNIEdlplekItBIGclnvtßú
k¾minxusKñaEdr KWkic©snüaGaNtþiEdlEcgGMBIkarRKb;RKgCaviC¢man RtUv)aneRbIjwkjab;Cagkic©snüabeBaØIEdl
126
maneKalbMNgRtwmEtedIm,IrkSaTukvtßúb:ueNÑaH .
bBaØtþiTaMgLayEdlBak;B½n§nwgeBlsgvtßúbeBaØI RtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHeBlEdlRtUvRbKl;pl b¤ pl
cMeNjEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 646 ¬krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdl)anTTYl¦ énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmkGnuvtþdUc
KñapgEdr edayeyagtammaRta 665 énRkmdEdl nig maRta 1936 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 684>- beBaØICaR)ak;

1-RbsinebI)anTTYlkarepJICaR)ak; GñkTTYlbeBaØI RtUvrkSaTuk tamrebob
Edl)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa . enAkñúgkrNIenH ebIKμankarsnüaCaBiesseT
GñkTTYlbeBaØI BMumankrNIykic©bg;karR)ak;eLIy .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI GacrkSaTukR)ak; edaydak;CaR)ak;beBaØI
kñúgFnaKar bBaØtþiénmaRta 683 ¬karcat;Ecgpl CaGaT×¦ xagelIenH RtUvykmk
GnuvtþpgEdr cMeBaHkarR)ak;enaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIbeBaØICaR)ak;EdlminEmnCabeBaØIbriePaK . edaysarbeBaØIenHminEmnCabeBaØIbriePaKeT
GñkTTYlbeBaØIminGaceRbIR)as;R)ak;enaHeT . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukR)ak; edaydak;Ca
R)ak;beBaØIkñúgFnaKar FnaKarGaceRbIR)ak;enaH)an .
rebobrkSaTukR)ak; mandUcCakarrkSaTukedayxøÜnpÞal;edaydak;R)ak;enaHkñúgeRsamsMbuRt b¤ karrkSaTuk
edaydak;CaR)ak;beBaØIkñúgFnaKar CaGaT× . RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukR)ak;edayxøÜnpÞal; edaydak;
R)ak;enaHenAkñúgeRsamsMbuRt R)ak;enaHminbegáItkarR)ak;eT ehtudUecñH GñkTTYlbeBaØImincaM)ac;bg;karR)ak;
eTAGñkepJIeT . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukR)ak;edaykardak;CaR)ak;beBaØIenAkñúgFnaKar R)ak;enaHnwg
begáItkarR)ak;sRmab;R)ak;bBaØIenAFanaKar ehIykarR)ak;enHRtUvEbreTACakarR)ak;rbs;GñkepJI .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1936 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg ¬beBaØICaR)ak;KμankarR)ak;¦
maRta 685>- esah‘uyénkarsgvtßúbeBaØI

127
enAkñúgbeBaØIedayminykkéRm esah‘uycaM)ac;énkarsgvtßúbeBaØI RtUvCa
bnÞúkrbs;Gñkep£I . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkTTYlbeBaØI )anpøas;bþÚrkEnøgepJI esah‘uy
énkarsgvtßúbeBaØI EdlekIneLIgedaysarkarpøas;bþÚrkEnøgenaH RtUvCabnÞúkrbs;
GñkTTYlbeBaØI .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgbBa¢ak;fa etIGñkNaRtUvTTYlbnÞúkelIesah‘uyEdlRtUvcMNaysRmab;karsgvijnUvvtßúbeBaØI .
CaeKalkarN_ esah‘uysRmab;karsg KWCabnÞúkrbs;kUnbMNul ¬maRta 446¦ . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénbeBaØI
edayminykkéRm vaminsmrmüeT RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI EdlCakUnbMNulcMeBaHkatBVkic©sgvijnUvvtßúbBaØI
RtUvTTYlbnÞúkelIesah‘uy . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHkMNt;GMBIbBaØtþiBiesscMeBaHmaRta 446 .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1942 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg ¬karsgenAkEnøgEdl)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa esah‘uyKYrCabnÞúk
rbs;GñkepJI¦
maRta 686>- krNIykic©sgesah‘uyvij rbs;Gñkep£I

1-Gñkep£I caM)ac;RtUvbg;esah‘uyEdlcaM)ac; kñúgkarrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI .
2-GñkTTYlbeBaØI GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat EdlbNþalmkBIvtßú
beBaØI edayminEmnCakMhusrbs;xøÜn BIGñkepJI)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIesah‘uysRmab;karrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI nig bnÞúkénkarxUcxatEdlbNþalmkBIbeBaØI .
sUm,IEtkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIedayminykkéRm esah‘uysRmab;karrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØI k¾RtUvEtCabnÞúkrbs;GñkepJI
Edr . BIeRBaH :minykkéRm : mann½yfa minbg;nUvlaPskáar³eTAGñkTTYlbeBaØI dUecñH kéRmminBak;B½n§CamYy
esah‘uycMNayCak;EsþgsRmab;karrkSaTukeT . RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukvtßúedaykarkøaesenaH Gñk
TTYlbeBaØI GacTamTaréføGKÁisnI CaGaT× BIGñkepJI)an sUm,IEtkñúgkrNICabeBaØIedayminykkéRmk¾eday .
RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØITTYlkarxUcxatedaysarvtßúbeBaØI edayminEmnmkBIkMhusrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI
vaCakarsmRsbnwgsmPaBEdlGñkepJIRtUvsgsMNgkarxUcxatenaHeTAGñkTTYlbeBaØI . ]TahrN_ RbsinebI
pÞHrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUv)anbMpøicbMpøajedaysarEtkarpÞúHvtßúbeBaØI GñkepJIRtUvTTYlbnÞúknUvkarxUcxatenaH .
128
GñkepJIRtUvbg;esah‘uy b¤ sgsMNgénkarxUcxat enAeBlEdlesah‘uy b¤ karxUcxatenaHekIteLIg .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 649/ kfaxNÐTI 1 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 650 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un EdlRtUv)anykmk
GnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr edayeyagtammaRta 665 énRkmdEdl
maRta 687>- kEnøgsg

RbsinebImin)ankMNt;kñúgkic©snüa karsgvtßúbeBaØI caM)ac;RtUveFVIenAkEnøg
EdlRtUvrkSaTukvtßúbeBaØIenaH . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI)anpøas;bþÚrkEnøgrkSa
TukvtßúenaH edaymanmUlehtuRtwmRtUv karsgGaceFVIenAkEnøgrkSaTukCak;Esþg
naeBlsg)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBITIkEnøgsgvtßúbeBaØI . cMeBaHTIkEnøgEdlRtUvsg maRta 445 Ecgfa cMeBaHvtßúEdl)an
kMNt;Cak;lak; kUnbMNulRtUvRbKl;vtßúenaH enATIkEnøgEdlvtßúenaH)ansßitenA naeBlEdlsiT§ielIbMNul)an
ekIteLIg cMENkÉcMeBaHkatBVkic©epSgeTotvij kUnbMNulRtUvsgenAlMenAzanbc©úb,nñrbs;m©as;bMNul . b:uEnþ
cMeBaHkrNIénbeBaØIvij vaCakarsmrmükñúgkarsgvtßúbBaØI enAkEnøgEdlvtßúenaHRtUv)anrkSaTuk kñúgkrNIén
bBaØIvtßúCak;lak;k¾eday b¤ minCak;lak;k¾eday . mUlehtuKWedaysarEtbeBaØIKWCakic©snüaEdlmanxøwmsar
RKan;EtrkSaTukb:ueNÑaH . RbsinebIGñkTTYleBaØIRtUvsgvtßúbeBaØI enAkEnøgepSgBIkEnøgEdlvtßúenaHRtUv)an
rkSaTuk haniP½yfμInwgekIteLIg enAeBlGñkTTYlbeBaØIsgvtßú ¬]TahrN_ kar)at;bg;kñúgeBldwkCBa¢Ún¦
CamYynwglT§plenH bnÞúkrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØItamkic©snüabeBaØI nwgekIneLIg .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 688>- siT§iXat;Tuk rbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI

GñkTTYlbeBaØI GacXat;TukvtßúbeBaØI rhUtdl;eBlEdlGñkep£I)anbg;
esah‘uy nig sMNgénkarxUcxat EdlbBaØtþenAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 én
maRta 686 ¬krNIykic©sgesah‘uyvij rbs;Gñkep£I¦ énRkmenH )an .
129
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIsiT§iXat;Tukrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI . tamniymn½yénsiT§iXat;TukenAkñúgmaRta 774
manPaBc,as;las;ehIyfa siT§iXat;TukekIteLIgcMeBaHsiT§iTamTar[sgesah‘uy nig siT§iTamTarsMNg
karxUcxatrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI b:uEnþ maRtaenHRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlenATIenH edIm,IbBa¢ak;[kan;Etc,as;EfmeTot .
kñúgkrNIénbeBaØI siT§iXat;TukEtgEtekIteLIgCaTmøab; edaysarlkçN³énkic©snüa ehtudUecñH maRtaenH
RtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlenATIenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 2293 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic
EpñkTI 2 beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña
maRta 689>- beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña

RbsinebIGñkTTYlbeBaØI TTYlbeBaØI nUvvtßúEdlmanRbePTdUcKña BIGñkepJI
eRcInnak; ehIyGacrkSaTukrYmbBa©ÚlKña edaymin)ac;EbgEckvtßúbeBaØIenaH tam
kic©snüa GñkepJInImYy² mansiT§ieTAtamsmamaRténcMnYnvtßúepJIrbs;xøÜn cMeBaHvtßú
TaMgmUl EdlRtUv)anrkSaTukedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIbeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña . beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña nwgekItLIg ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdl
m©as;XøaMgRtUv)anksikrCaeRcInpÞúkpþak;[rkSaTukRsUvrbs;BYkeKmñak;² 1 etan CaGaT× . RbsinebIRsUvenaH
manRbePT nig KuNPaBdUcKña karrkSaTukedayrYmKñaKWmanlkçN³snSMsMéc nig gayRKb;RKg . RbsinebIRsUv
rbs;ksikreRcInnak;RtUv)anrkSaTukrYmKña RsUvenaHRtUvlaycUlKña ehtudUecñH RsUvEdlm©as;XøaMgnwgsg KWCa
RsUvEdlRtUv)anlaycUlKñaenaH eBalKWminEmnCaRsUvedImEdl)andak;CabeBaØIenaHeT ebIniyay[twgrwug .
dUecñH krNIenHminsßitenAeRkamGtßn½yénbeBaØIEdlfa RtUvsg {vtßúdEdl} ¬maRta 669¦ enaHeT . dUecñH
karGnuBaØat[manbBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña tRmUv[mankarbegáItnUvbBaØtþiBiess .
beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña xusBIbeBaØIbriePaK . RbsinebIbeBaØIbriePaKmankmμvtßúCaRsUv GñkTTYlbeBaØIGac
briePaKRsUvenaH)an . kñúgkrNIenH enAeBlRtUvsgeTAvij GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvykRsUvRbePTdEdl mkRbKl;
eTA[GñkepJI . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIénbeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacminbriePaKRsUv)aneT . GñkTTYl
beBaØI GacRKan;EtrkSaRsUvedayrYmbBa©ÚlKñaCamYyRsUvrbs;GñkepJIdéTepSgeTotb:ueNÑaH .
130
eTaHbICabeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKñaRsedogKñaeTAnwgkarlayRcbl;Kñak¾eday k¾bBaØtþiénmaRta 198 minRtUv
ykkGnuvtþcMeBaHbeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKñaeLIy . eyagtammaRta 198 RbsinebIclnvtßúEdllayRcbl;Kña
manTaMgvtßúcm,g nig vtßúcMNuH m©as;vtßúcm,gTTYl)annUvkmμsiT§ielIclnvtßúTaMgGs; cMENkÉm©as;vtßúcMNuH
TTYl)anEtsMNgb:ueNÑaH . eKalbMNgénmaRta 198 KWedIm,IkMNt;kmμsiT§ikrEtmYytamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an .
b:uEnþ beBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKña minmaneKalbMNgdUcKñaeT KWCaRbB½n§EdlsRmYldl;karrkSaTuk . ehtudUecñH
maRtaenHdkecjnUvkarGnuvtþmaRta 198 ehIybegáItnUvTMnak;TMngKtiyutþBiesskñúgkrNIénbeBaØIedayrYm
bBa©ÚlKña . eTaHbICacMNucbnþbnÞab;minRtUv)anEcg[c,as;enAkñúgmaRtaenHk¾eday k¾vaKYrEtRtUv)anKitfa
GñkepJImñak;²mankmμsiT§iGviPaKelIvtßúrYmbBa©ÚlKñaTaMgRsug eTAtamsmamaRténcMnYntßúEdlxøÜn)anepJIEdr .
ehIyvtßúEdlRtUv)anbMEbkecjBIvtßúrYmbBa©ÚlKña GackøayCakmμvtßúénkmμsiT§idac;edayELkrbs;GñkepJInImYy² .
enHKWCaRbePTmYyénkarEbgEckvtßúkmμsiT§iGviPaK .
]TahrN_EdlbeBaØIedayrYmbBa©ÚlKñaRtUv)aneRbIR)as; mandUcCakrNIdUc)anerobrab;xagelI Edlksikr
eRcInnak;epJIRbePTRKab;FBaØCatiRbePTdUcKña eTAXøaMgksikmμ ehIyeRkABIenH manRbB½n§rkSaRKb;RKg nig epÞr
]bkrN_EdlGacCYjdUr)an ¬Central Certificate Depository and Transfer System¦ EdlRbmUlmkrkSaTuknUv
]bkrN_EdlGacCYjdUr)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 7 énc,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgXøaMgksikmμ ¬Agricultural Warehouse Law¦ nig Rbkar 2 énRbkas
sþIBIkarcuHbBa¢ICakBa©b;nUvb½NÑbMNulrdæ ¬Ministerial Ordinance concerning Shelf-registration of Government
Bonds¦ rbs;Cb:un
EpñkTI 3 beBaØIbriePaK
maRta 690>- beBaØIbriePaK

enAkñúgkic©snüabeBaØI ebI)anRBmeRBog[GñkTTYlbeBaØI GacbriePaKvtßú
beBaØI)an GñkTTYlbeBaØI mankrNIykic©sgvtßúEdlmanRbePT nig cMnYndUcKñanwg
vtßúbeBaØIenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIbeBaØIbriePaK . kñúgkrNIbeBaØIFmμta GñkTTYlbeBaØIrkSaTukvtßúEdlxøÜn)anTTYlBIGñkepJI
ehIysgvijnUvvtßúdEdl enAeBlkMNt;sg rIÉkñúgkrNIénbeBaØIbriePaK GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacbriePaKvtßúEdlRtUv
131
)anepJIedayGñkepJIenaH ehIyenAeBlkMNt;sg GñkTTYlbBaØIGacykvtßúEdlmanRbePTdUcKñamksgvij)an .
kñúgkrNIénbeBaØIbriePaK vaRtUv)anKitfa kmμsiT§iénvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)anepÞreTA[GñkTTYlbeBaØI .
beBaØIbriePaKGacGnuvtþ)ancMeBaHR)ak; plitplksikmμ nig eRKOgRsvwg . beBaØIenAFnaKarRtUv)anKit
faCabeBaØIbriePaK . ehtuGVI)anCabeBaØIenAFnaKarminEmnCakarx©IbriePaK b:uEnþ CabeBaØIbriePaKeTAvij ?
edaysarEtbeBaØIbriePaK KWCaRbePTénbeBaØI vtßúbeBaØIenHRtUv)anepJIedIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJI . RbsinebI
GñkepJIenaHeFVIkarrkSaTukR)ak;edayxøÜnÉg eKnwgRbfuyRbfanCamYyecarkmμ ehIyebIKμancMeNHdwgGMBIvinieyaK
TuneT GñkenaHk¾minGaceFVIvinieyaK)anpg . edIm,IeCosvaghaniP½yenH ehIyedIm,ITTYlplRbeyaCn_pg
GñkepJInwgepJIR)ak;enAFnaKar . ehtudUecñH enHCakarsmrmükñúgkaryl;eXIjfa beBaØIenAFnaKarKWCabeBaØI
briePaK . pÞúyeTAvij karx©IbriePaKRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;Gñkx©I . karx©IR)ak;sRmab;
eFVICMnYj b¤ sRmab;karcMNaykñúgCIvPaBrs;enA RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;Gñkx©I . kñúgn½yenH
karx©IbriePaK KWxusKñaBIbeBaØIbriePaK .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 700 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; nig maRta 1932 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg ¬kñúgkrNIbeBaØICaR)ak;
GñkTTYlbeBaØIGacsgR)ak;nUvRbePT nig cMnYndUcKña¦
maRta 691>- karGnuvtþdUcKña tambBaØtþisþIBIkarx©IbriePaK

bBaØtþisþIBIkarx©IbriePaK RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHbeBaØIbriePaK
Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 690 ¬beBaØIbriePaK¦ xagelIenH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH
RbsinebIKμankMNt;GMLúgeBlsgenAkñúgkic©snüaeT Gñkep£IGacTamTar[sg enA
eBlNak¾)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHbBa¢ak;GMBITMnak;TMngénsiT§i nig krNIykic© rvagGñkepJI nig GñkTTYlbeBaØI enAkñúgkrNI
beBaØIbriePaK .
maRtaenHEcgfa bBaØtþisþIBIkarx©IbriePaK RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHbeBaØIbriePaK elIkElgEt
eBlEdlRtUvsgecj . cMNucsMxan;mandUcteTA ³
TImYy enAkñúgkrNIbeBaØIbriePaK edaysarEtkmμsiT§ielIvtßúbeBaØIRtUv)anepÞreTA[GñkTTYlbeBaØI GñkTTYl
beBaØI GacbriePaKvtßúenaHedayesrI .
132
TIBIr ral;karcMNayTaMgGs;sRmab;vtßúbeBaØI nig karxUcxatTaMgLayEdlbNþalmkBIvtßúbeBaØIenaH
RtUvCabnÞúkrbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI ehIyplEdlekItecjBIvtßúbeBaØIenaH RtUvkøayeTACakmμsiT§irbs;GñkTTYlbeBaØI .
b:uEnþ cMeBaHeBlsg CaeKalkarN_ GñkepJIGacTamTar[sgenAeBlNak¾)an tamviFansþIBIbeBaØI
CMnYs[viFansþIBIkarx©IbriePaK . edaysarbeBaØIbriePaK KWCaRbePTmYyénbeBaØI EdlRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,I
plRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJI RbsinebIGñkepJImanbMNgTamTar[sg plRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkepJIenaH RtUv)ankarBar .
pÞúyeTAvij edaysarkarx©IbriePaKKWCarbbmYyEdlpþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;Gñkx©I vaminsmrmüeT
ebIykviFansþIBIbeBaØIEdlmanxøwmsarfa Gñkx©IRtUvsgR)ak;enAeBlNaEdlGñk[x©ITamTar[sg mkGnuvtþ
cMeBaHkarx©IbriePaK .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
EpñkTI 4 visuNæab½n
maRta 692>- niymn½yénvisuNæab½n

visuNæab½n sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlbuKÁleRcInnak; manvivaTelI
siT§ikan;kab; b¤ kmμsiT§iénvtßú ykvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaTenaH epJITukenAttiyCn
EdlehAfa visuNæabnik rhUtdl;eBlGñkEdlmansiT§ienaH RtUv)ankMNt;Ca
sßaBr .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénvisuNæab½n . visuNæab½nmantYnaTIRsedogKñaeTAnwgkartmál; b:uEnþ visuNæab½n
manPaBxusKñaBIkartmál;Rtg;cMNucdUcteTA ³ TImYy KW cMeBaHkartmál; KWkariyal½ytmál;TTYlrkSaTuknUvvtßú
EdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT kñúgnamCasßab½nsaFarN³ rIÉcMeBaHvisuNæab½nvij GñkEdlrkSaTukvtßúenaH mincaM)ac;Ca
sßab½nsaFarN³eLIy . TIBIr KW CaFmμta kartmál;RKbdNþb;EtelIR)ak; nig ]bkrN_EdlGacCYjdUr)an
b:ueNÑaH ¬eTaHbICavaEp¥keTAelIc,ab;sþIBIkartmál;bBaØtþfaya:gNak¾eday¦ cMENkÉvisuNæab½nvij RKbdNþb;
elIclnvtßú nig Gclnvtßú .
eTaHbICaRbB½n§visuNæab½n minmankñúgRbeTsmYycMnYn ¬dUcCaRbeTsCb:un nig GaløWm:g; CaedIm¦ k¾eday
k¾vamanenAkñúgRbeTsmYycMnYnEdleRbIRbB½n§c,ab;)araMg ehIyRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa k¾manbBaØtþiEdl
133
Tak;TgnwgRbB½n§visuNæab½npgEdr .
edaysarvisuNæab½nCaRbePTmYyénbeBaØI bBaØtþisþIBIbeBaØIFmμtaRtUvykmkGnuvtþ cMeBaHcMNucEdlmin)an
EcgenAkñúgEpñkTI 4 enH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1258 énRkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCacas;/ maRta 1955 nig maRtabnþbnÞab;énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
¬visuNæab½nedaykarRBmeRBog nig visuNæab½nedaykarbgÁab;rbs;tulakar¦/ maRta 2305 dl;maRta 2311
énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic nig maRta 222 énKnßIsþIBIlT§kmμRTBüsm,tþi énRkmrdæb,evNICb:uncas; ¬karrkSa
Tuk¦
maRta 693>- PaKIénvisuNæab½n

1-kñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁleRcInnak; GHGagGMBIsiT§irbs;xøÜn cMeBaHvtßúEdlkan;
kab;edaybuKÁldéT buKÁlEdlmanvivaTeRcInnak;enH GaceFVIkic©snüa[ttiyCn
rkSaTukvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT edayTTYlkaryl;RBmBIGñkkan;kab; . kñúgkrNI
enH kic©snüavisuNæab½nenH RtUvmanGanuPaB enAeBlEdlGñkkan;kab;vtßúEdlCa
kmμvtßúénvivaT )anRbKl;vtßúenaHeTA[ttiyCn .
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH buKÁlEdlman
vivaTeRcInnak; k¾GaceFVIkic©snüabeBaØI edayykGñkkan;kab; eFVICavisuNæabnikenaH
)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIGñkNaxøHCaPaKIénvisuNæab½n .
GñkepJImaneRcInnak;EdlmanvivaTKñaeTAvijeTAmkelIvtßúNamYy edayGHGagGMBIsiT§ielIvtßúenaH . b:uEnþ
karKitrebobenH naM[Bi)akBnül;nUvkrNICa]TahrN_dUcteTA ³ enAeBlEdl A enAEtkan;kab;vtßúEdlCa
kmμvtßúénkarlk;eday A man B nig C mñak;²GHGagfa xøÜnCaGñkTij nig TamTar[ A RbKl;vtßúenaH A
epJIvtßúenaHeTAttiyCn edIm,IeCosvagkarBak;B½n§kñúgvivaTrvag B nig C . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenHpgEdr
vasmrmüebIKitfa B nig C EdlCaPaKIvivaT KWCaGñkepJI ehIyedaysarEtvtßúsißtenAeRkamkarkan;kab;rbs; A
visuNæab½nnwgmanGanuPaB luHRtaEt A RbKl;vtßúeTAttiyCn edaymankaryl;RBm .
134
kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIéfølk;TijminRtUv)anbg;eT A GacP¢ab;nUvl½kçx½NÐsRmab;karRbKl;vtßúdUcteTA ³ A
nwgRbKl;vtßúeTA[GñkmansiT§i CafñÚrnwgéfølk;Tij .
kñúg]TahrN_dEdlenH A EdlCaGñkkan;kab;vtßúenaH GackøayCavisuNæabnik)an ¬kfaxNÐTI 2¦ .
kúñgkrNIenH edaysarEtvtßúenHsißtenAeRkamkarkan;kab;rbs;visuNæabnikRsab;ehIy vamincaM)ac;RtUveFVIkar
RbKl;vtßúGVIeToteT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 694>- l½kçx½NÐénsuBlPaB

ebIKμankaryl;RBmBIbuKÁlEdlGHGagGMBIsiT§iTaMgGs;KñaeT beBaØIénvtßúEdl
CakmμvtßúénvivaT BMumansuBlPaBeLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgBIl½kçx½NÐénsuBlPaB . edaysarPaKIénvivaTRtUvkøayeTACaGñkepJI vaCakarsnñidæanCaFmμta
kñúgkarEcgfa visuNæab½nTamTar[mankaryl;RBmBIPaKITaMgGs; .
maRta 698 EdlEcgGMBIvisuNæab½nedaykarbgÁab;rbs;tulakar KWCakrNIelIkElgcMeBaHmaRtaenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 695>- eKalkarN_ykkéRm

enAkñúgvisuNæab½n Gñkep£ImankrNIykic©RtUvbg;kéRm[eTAvisuNæabnik .
kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImin)ankMNt;GMBIcMnYnTwkR)ak;énkéRmeT visuNæabnikGacTam
TarcMnYnTwkR)ak; CakéRmEdlsmrmü BIGñkep£I)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ visuNæab½nykkéRm .
visuNæabnikGnuvtþnUvtYnaTIBiessedIm,IrkSaTukvtßúedIm,IedaHRsayvivaT CaCagrkSaTukvtßúenaHedaysarEt
snþancitþ . dUecñH visuNæabnikRtUvykcitþTukdak; edayRbugRby½tñ kñúgkarrkSaTuk nig RbKl;vtßúbeBaØIenaH
ehIyvaminsmrmüeT ebIykkarep£IedayminykkéRmmkeFVICaeKalkarN_ . bEnßmelIenHeTot RbsinebI
135
visuNæab½nminykkéRmeT KμannrNaRBmTTYlnUvbeBaØIenHeT . karekIteLIgnUvvivaT minGacBüakr)aneT
ehIyedIm,IGaceFVIvisuNæab½n[)anTan;eBlevla enAeBlEdlvivaTekIteLIg caM)ac;manbuKÁlEdlGacTTYl
tYnaTICavisuNæabnik CaeTogTat; . RbsinebIvisuNæab½n CavisuNæab½nEdlminykkéRm visuNæabniknwgmin
ekIncMnYneT . enHKWCaehtuplEdlykvisuNæab½n EdlykkéRmmkeFVICaeKalkarN_ .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1261 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 1957 nig maRta 1958 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 696>- karsgvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT

visuNæabnikmankrNIykic©RtUvsgvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaTenaH cMeBaHbuKÁl
EdlRtUv)anTTYlsÁal;fa mansiT§i enAeRkayeBlEdlvivaT)anbBa©b; .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiBak;B½n§nwgkarsg nig karRbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaTEdlvisuNæabnik)anrkSaTuk
tamkic©snüavisuNæab½n . maRtaenHmanxøwmsarFmμta . kñúgkrNIénbeBaØIFmμta vtßúeBaØInwgRtUv)ansgeTAGñkepJI
b:uEnþ kñúgvisuNæab½nvij GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvsg[eTAbuKÁlEdlRtUv)ankMNt;CasßaBrfaCaGñkEdlmansiT§i
kñúgcMeNamGñkepJITaMgLayénvisuNæab½n . dUecñH maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiBiesscMeBaHbBaØtþisþIBIbeBaØIFmμta .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1263 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<Cú a/ maRta 2305 énRkmrdæb,evNIekbic
maRta 697>- karrMlaykic©snüavisuNæab½n

visuNæabnikBMuGacsgvtßúenaH eTA[Gñkep£I enAmuneBlvivaTenaHRtUv)anedaH
RsayeLIy elIkElgEtkrNImankaryl;RBmBIGñkepJITaMgGs; .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHKWCabBaØtþiBak;B½n§nwgkarrMlaykic©snüavisuNæab½n . maRtaenHmann½yfa enAeBlGñkepJIxøH
kñúgcMeNamGñkepJIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT TamTar[sgvtßú visuNæabnikminGacsgeTA[GñkepJIenaH)aneLIy .
maRtaenHminkMNt;fa eBlNaeTIbGñkepJIGacTamTar[sgvtßúeT . b:uEnþ edaysarvisuNæab½nCaRbePTmYy
énbeBaØI CaeKalkarN_ visuNæab½nk¾RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,IplRbeyaCn_GñkepJIEdr . dUecñH enAeBlNak¾eday
[EtGñkepJITamTar[sgvtßú GñkTTYlbeBaØIRtUvsgvtßúenaH . b:uEnþ enAkñúgkrNIénvisuNæab½n edaysarman
136
vivaTfa GñkNaCaGñkmansiT§icMeBaHvtßúenaH visuNæab½nminGacsgvtßúeT elIkElEtGñkepJITaMgGs;yl;RBm .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 2309 énRkmrdæb,evNI
maRta 698>- visuNæab½n edaykarbgÁab;rbs;tulakar

kñúgkrNIEdlsiT§ikan;kab;vtßú b¤ kmμsiT§iénvtßú RtUv)anykCakmμvtßúénvivaT
enAkñgú tulakar eTaHbICaKμankarRBmeRBogrvagPaKIke¾ day tulakarGac[ttiyCn
rkSaTukvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT)an .
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgdMeNIrkarénbNþwg tulakarGacKitfa vasmrmükñúgkarpÞúkpþak;[ttiyCnrkSaTukvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúén
vivaT . ]TahrN_ tulakarGacKitdUecñH kñúgkrNIEdlGñklk;kan;kab;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT b:uEnþ edaysar
PaKITaMgBIrénvivaTedayGHGagmñak;²fa xøÜnCaGñkTijBitR)akd minyl;RBmcMeBaHvisuNæanb½n Gñklk;minGac
eFVIvisuNæab½nedaykarRBmeRBog)aneLIy . RbsinebIc,ab;sþIBIkartmál;RKbdNþb;elIkrNIEbbenH bBaðaenH
GacRtUv)anedaHRsay)an tamkartmál; . b:uEnþ RbsinebIc,ab;sþIBIkartmál;minGnuBaØat[tmál;nUvclnvtßú nig
GclnvtßúeT bBaðaenHminGacRtUv)anedaHRsayedaykartmál;)aneLIy . kñúgkrNIenH vaCakargayRsYl
RbsinebIvisuNæab½n GacRtUv)aneFVIedaykarbgÁab;rbs;tulakar)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1264 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ 2311 énRkmrdæb,evNIeKbic
CMBUkTI 11 kic©snüaRkumh‘un
maRta 699>- niymn½yénkic©snüaRkumh‘un

kic©snüaRkumh‘un sMedAeTAelIkic©snüabegáItCaRkum EdlKμankarerobcM
lkçN³CanItibuKÁl edIm,IRbkbkic©kar edayshkarKña edayPaKInImYy²eFVIkar
vinieyaKRTBüFnerog²xøÜn .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa GacbegáItRkumh‘unedaykic©snüaRkumh‘un RBmTaMg)an[niymn½yénkic©snüaRkumh‘un .
137
enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘un caM)ac;RtUvmanvinieyaKRTBüFnerog²xøÜn nig kic©RBmeRBogGMBIkic©karEdlRtUv)aneFVI
edayshkarKña . maRtaenH)anEcgc,as;las;fa lkçN³Biessrbs;Rkumh‘unKWCaRkumEdlBMumanlkçN³Ca
nItibuKÁl . RkumEdlmanxøwmsarCasarFatudUcRkumh‘unEdr KW nItibuKÁlsaCIvkmμEdlmankarTTYlxusRtUvKμan
kRmit k¾b:uEnþ RkumenHGacmanlkçN³CanItibuKÁl . sUmemIl kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 46 nig bBaØtþicab;BI
maRta 101 dl; maRta 109 énRkmenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1287 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa> maRta 667 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 705 nig
maRta 706 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1832 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 530 énc,ab;sþIBI
katBVkic©rbs;sVIs
maRta 700>- karbegáItkic©snüaRkumh‘un

1-Rkumh‘un KWCaRkumEdl)anbegáItedaykarsnüa EdlPaKInImYy² vinieyaK
RTBüFnerog²xøÜn ehIyRbkbkic©karedayshkarKña .
2-RTBüFnEdlPaKInImYy²RtUvvinieyaK enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumhu‘n eRkABIsiT§i
elIRTBüsm,tþi GacykBlkmμ mkeFVICakmμvtßú)an .
3-kñúgkrNIEdlPaKI)anykR)ak;eFVICakmμvtßúénkarvinieyaKRTBüFn ebI
mankaryWty:avkñúgkarbg;R)ak;enaH eRkABIRtUvbg;karR)ak;énkaryWty:av k¾RtUvbg;
eTAelIkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarkaryWty:avenaH cMeBaHRkumh‘unpgEdr .
4-kñgú krNIEdlskmμPaBénkarbegáItRkumh‘unrbs;PaKINamYy kñúgcMeNam
PaKIEdl)anRBmeRBogbegátI Rkumh‘nu køayeTACaemaX³ b¤ RtUv)anlubecal eday
eyagtambBaØtþiénEpñkTI 2 ¬vikar³kñúgkarbgðajqnÞ³ nig suBlPaBénkic©snüa¦
CMBUkTI 2 énKnßITI 4 RtUvcat;Tukfa Rkumh‘unenaH RtUv)anbegáIt edayPaKIdéTeTot .
b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlRkumh‘unBMuGacseRmceKalbMNg)an edaysarkgVHPaKIenaH
RtUvcat;TukfaRkumh‘unenaH BMuRtUv)anbegáIteLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH kMNt;niymn½yénRkumEdlehAfaCaRkumh‘un . müa:geTot kic©snüaRkumh‘un
138
KWCakic©snüaEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedaykarRBmeRBog k¾b:uEnþ cMNucEdlRtUvRby½tñ KW bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2
maRta 336 RtUvykmkGnuvtþ cMeBaHkrNIEdlykkmμsiT§ielIGclnvtßú mkeFVICakmμvtßúénkarvinieyaK
RTBüFn .
¬@¦ kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIxøwmsarénkarvinieyaKRTBüFn . eRkABIsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþi Blkmμk¾GackøayeTACa
kmμvtßúénkarvinieyaKRTBüFnEdr .
¬#¦ kfaxNÐTI 3 CabBaØtþisþIBIKWkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkaryWtya:vkñúgkarbg;R)ak;tameBlkMNt; kñúgkrNIEdl
kmμvtßúénkarvinieyaKRTBüFnCaR)ak; .
¬$¦ kfaxNÐTI 4 EcgGMBIlT§plcMeBaHRkumh‘un kñúgkrNIEdlskmμPaBénkarbegáItrbs;GñkvinieyaKxøH køay
eTACaemaX³ b¤ RtUv)anlubecal . edayBinitüemIleTAtameKalkarN_s½VyPaBénbuKÁlÉkCn RBmTaMg
kareKarBnUvqnÞ³PaKI KYrEtTTYlsÁal;nUvGtßiPaBénRkumh‘un tamkarEdlGaceFVIeTA)an ehtuenHehIy)anCa
bBaØtþienHTTYlsÁal;nUvkarbegáItRkumh‘unedaybuKÁlEdlCaPaKIdéT eTaHbICaskmμPaBénkarbegáItrbs;buKÁl
Namñak; køayeTACaemaX³ b¤ RtUv)anlubecalk¾eday . b:uEnþ RbsinebIeKalbMNgénRkumh‘unminGacseRmc
)anedaysarkgVHbuKÁlenaH karTTYlsÁal;nUvGtßiPaBénRkumh‘unenaHnwg)at;bg;nUvGtßn½y ehtuenHehIy
kñúgkrNIenH RtUvcat;Tukfa Rkumh‘unenaHminRtUv)anbegáIteLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 701>- kmμsiT§iGviPaKénRTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘un

1-RTBüFnvinieyaKrbs;smaCikRkumh‘unnImYy² nig RTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘un
epSg²eTot RtUvsßitenAeRkamkmμsiT§iGviPaKrbs;smaCikRkumh‘unTaMgGs; .
2-smaCikRkumh‘un BMuGacTamTar[EbgEckRTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘un enAmun
eBleFVIkarCRmHbBa¢Irbs;Rkumh‘un )aneLIy . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlsmaCikTaMg
Gs;rbs;Rkumh‘un mankarRBmeRBog eTaHbICaenAmuneBleFVIkarCRmHbBa¢Ik¾eday
k¾GacTamTar[EbgEck)anEdr .
3-karEbgEckEdl)ankMNt;kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 2 xagelIenH
BMuGacykmkttaMgcMeBaHttiyCn Edl)aneFVICMnYjCamYynwgRkumh‘un enAmun
eBleFVIkarEbgEckenaH)aneLIy .
139
4-smaCikRkumh‘un BMuGaccat;EcgPaKEdlxøÜnman cMeBaHRTBüsm,tþiRkum
h‘unenaH )aneLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ tamFmμta Rkumh‘unmanRTBüsm,tþiepSg² edIm,IseRmcnUveKaledAénkic©karrbs;xøÜn . RTBüsm,tþienH
RtUv)aneRbIR)as; nig RKb;RKg edIm,IseRmcnUveKalbMNgénRkumh‘un ehIyCaRKwHénTMnukcitþrbs;Rkumh‘un
EdlCaGgÁPaB ¬dUcCaPaKI¦ énkarCYjdUr . dUecñHehIy eTaHbICaRkumh‘unminEmnCanItibuKÁlk¾eday
k¾RTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un KYrEtKitepSgedayELkBIRTBüsm,tþirbs;smaCikmñak;²énRkumh‘unenaH . maRta
enHEcgc,as;las;GMBIbBaðaenH . k¾b:uEnþ eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday Rkumh‘unminEmnCanItibuKÁleT dUecñHehIy
Rkumh‘unminGaccuHbBa¢ICakmμsiT§ikrGclnvtßúkñúgnamxøÜn)aneLIy . karcuHbBa¢IGclnvtßúrbs;Rkumh‘un
CaeKalkarN_ RtUveFVIeLIgkñúgrUbPaBCakmμsiT§iGviPaKrbs;smaCikTaMgGs; . b:uEnþ ebIeFVIdUecñH nwgman
PaBsμúKsμajcMeBaHnItiviFI . mankrNIxøHEdlsmaCikEdlGnuvtþkic©karmñak; kñúgcMeNamsmaCikRkumh‘un
QreQμaHcuHbBa¢I kñúgnamÉkCn b:uEnþ PaKeRcInGackøayeTACavivaT .
¬@¦ maRtaenH kRmitGMBIkarTamTar[EbgEckmunkarCRmHbBa¢I nig GMBIkarcat;EcgPaKEdlxøÜnman ehIy
bBa¢ak;GMBIxøwmsarénkarkRmitenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 668 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 718 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 544
énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVis
maRta 702>- viFIGnuvtþkic©kar

1-kñúgkrNIEdlBMu)ankMNt;smaCikRkumh‘un b¤ ttiyCnTTYlGaNtþi
Gnuvtþkic©kar enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘uneT smaCiknImYy²énRkumh‘un mansiT§i
GMNacGnuvtþkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘unenaH . b:uEnþ karGnuvtþkic©karRkumh‘un RtUvseRmc
edaysemøgelIsBIBak;kNþaléncMnYnsmaCikenaH .
2-RbsinebI)ankMNt;fasmaCikRkumh‘un b¤ ttiyCnEdlTTYlGaNtþi
Gnuvtþkic©kar enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘un RtUvmaneRcInnak; karGnuvtþkic©karRkumh‘un
RtUvseRmcedaysemøgelIsBIBak;kNþaléncMnYnsmaCikenaH .
140
3-eTaHbImanbBaØtþienAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenHk¾eday
smaCikRkumh‘unnImYy² b¤ GñkGnuvtþkic©karmñak;² GacGnuvtþkic©karRbRktIrbs;
Rkumh‘unedayÉketaPaKI)an . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy Rbsin
ebIsmaCikénRkumh‘un b¤ GñkGnuvtþkic©karepSgeTot )anbeBa©jmtitv:a enAmun
eBlbBa©b;kic©karenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ CaTUeTA Rkumh‘unPaKeRcInEdlmansmaCiktic min)ankMNt;GñkGnuvtþkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘uneT . ehtudUecñH
kñúgkrNIEdlBMumankarkMNt;enHeT RtUvcat;Tukfa smaCikmñak;²mansiT§iGnuvtþkic©kar ¬vaküxNÐTI 1 én
kfaxNÐTI 1 ¦ ehIykarGnuvtþkic©karCak;EsþgRtUveFVItamsemøgelIsBak;kNþal ¬vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI
1¦ . müa:geTot cMNucEdlRtUvRby½tñ KW bBaðaénsiT§iGnuvtþkic©karCabBaðaépÞkñúgrbs;Rkumh‘uneT rIÉbBaða
TMnak;TMngxageRkAsþIBIsiT§itMNagvij RtUvedaHRsaytambBaØtþisþIBIkartMNag ¬kartMNagRkumh‘un¦ eTAvij .
¬@¦ müa:geTot cMeBaHkic©karRsal²EdlRkumh‘unRtUvGnuvtþdEdl²erogral;éf¶vij mann½yfaCakic©karRbRktI
RbsinebIsmaCikRkumh‘unmñak;²GacbMeBjerog²xøÜn enHCakarl¥sRmab;Rkumh‘un ehIyBMumanGVICa]bsKÁdl;
Rkumh‘unpg . dUecñHehIy kfaxNÐTI 3 )anEcgc,as;las;GMBIcMNucenH . k¾b:uEnþ eTaHbICakic©karRbRktI
k¾eday kñúgkrNIEdlkic©karenaHRtUv)anGnuvtþerog²xøÜn Gacman]bsKÁedaysarkarvinicä½yrbs;smaCik
erog²xøÜnenaH dUecñHehIy kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 3 TTYlsÁal;GMBIkartva:BIsmaCikepSgeTot muneBl
bBa©b;kic©karenaH . eTaHbICamankartva:BIsmaCikepSgeTotk¾eday RbsinebIsmaCikenaHenAEtbnþkarGnuvtþ
kic©kardUcKñadEdl enaHskmμPaBrbs;smaCikEdl)anGnuvtþkic©karenHkøayCaGMeBIxusc,ab; ehIysmaCikenH
RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUcxatcMeBaHmuxsmaCikepSgeTotrbs;Rkumh‘un .
¬#¦ Rkumh‘unBMuGacykeQμaHRkumh‘uneFVICaedImecaT)aneLIy dUecñHRtUveRCIserIssmaCikEdlGnuvtþkic©karrbs;
Rkumh‘un CaedIm CaPaKIEdlRtUv)aneRCIserIs b¤ smaCikTaMgGs;RtUvdak;BakübNþwgkñúgnamCashedImecaT .
müa:geTot Rkumh‘unminGacRtUv)anbþwgCacugcemøIy)aneLIy dUecñHehIy buKÁlEdlmanbMNgbþwgRkumh‘un
RtUvbþwgsmaCikTaMgGs; kñúgnamCashcugcemøIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 670 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 709 nig maRta 710 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta
1859 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 535 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs
141
maRta 703>- karykbBaØtþiénGaNtþimkGnuvtþdUcKña
bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 640 ¬krNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ rhUt
dl;maRta 646 ¬siT§iTamTar[sgmkvij CaGaT× nUvesah‘uyrbs;GaNtþiKahk¦
énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHsmaCikRkumh‘unEdlGnuvtþkic©kar
rbs;Rkumh‘un .
¬kMNt;¦
TMnak;TMngKtiyutþrvagGñkGnuvtþkic©kar nig Rkumh‘un KWCakic©snüaGaNtþi b¤ Rbhak;RbEhlnwgkic©snüa
GaNtþiEdr ehtuenHehIybBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþi ¬cab;BImaRta 640 dl;maRta 646¦ RtUvykmkGnuvtþ dUcKñapgEdr
cMeBaHTMnak;TMngKtiyutþenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 671 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 708 nig maRta 713 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 538
énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs
maRta 704>- karlaQb; nig karbBaÄb;smaCikRkumh‘unEdlGnuvtþkic©kar

1-RbsinebIKμanmUlehtuRtwmRtUveT smaCikRkumh‘unEdlGnuvtþkic©kar BMu
GaclaQb; b¤ RtUvbBaÄb;)aneLIy .
2-edIm,IbBaÄb;smaCikEdlGnuvtþkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un edaymanmUlehtu
RtwmRtUv RtUvmansemøgyl;RBm elIsBIBak;kNþaléncMnYnsmaCikepSgeTot
rbs;Rkumh‘un .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkGnuvtþkic©karEdlminEmnCasmaCikRkumh‘un RtUv)aneRCIstaMgedaykic©snüaGaNtþi Gñk
Gnuvtþkic©karenH GacRtUv)anbBaÄb; enAeBlNak¾)anEdr eRkamkic©snüaGaNtþi ¬kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta
647¦ . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkGnuvtþkic©karRtUv)aneRCIserIskñúgcMeNamsmaCikRkumh‘un tamkic©snüa
Rkumh‘un RbsinebIeyIgGnuBaØat[bBaÄb;GñkGnuvtþkic©karenaHdUckic©snüaGaNtþienHeTA nwgeFVI[zan³rbs;
smaCikGnuvtþkic©karenaHBMumansßirPaB ehIyGacman\T§iBlxøaMgeTAelIlT§plénkarGnuvtþkic©kar . pÞúy
eTAvij RbsinebIminTTYlsÁal;karlaElgeT nwgeFVI[mankarkRmitya:gxøaMgcMeBaHesrIPaBrbs;GñkGnuvtþ
142
kic©kar dUecñHehIy vaCakarmYyEdlminsmrmüeT . edayBinitüdl;bBaðaTaMgenHeTA kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenH
)anEcgTTYlsÁal;nUvkarlaElg nig karbBaÄb;rbs;GñkGnuvtþkic©kar RbsinebImanmUlehtuRtwmRtUv .
müa:geTot edIm,IbBaÄb;GñkGnuvtþkic©karedaymanmUlehtuRtwmRtUv caM)ac;RtUvmansemøgyl;RBmrbs;smaCik
epSg elIsBak;kNþal .
¬@¦kñúgkrNIEdlsmaCikRkumh‘unTaMgGs;Gnuvtþkic©karRkumh‘unvij bBaØtþiénmaRtaenH minRtUvykmkGnuvtþeT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 672 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 712 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1856 én
Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 532 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs
maRta 705>- siT§ieFVIkarRsavRCavelIkic©kar nig sßanPaBRTBüsm,tþi

eTaHbICaKμansiTGi§ N
M ackñgú karGnuvtþkci k© arrbs;Rkumh‘nu k¾eday k¾smaCik
nImYy²rbs;Rkumh‘un GaceFVIkarRsavRCavelIkic©kar nig sßanPaBRTBüsm,tþirbs;
Rkumh‘unenaH)anEdr .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ GaCIvkmμrbs;Rkumh‘un KWCaGaCIvkmμrYmrbs;smaCikTaMgGs;énRkumh‘un ehIyRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un
KWCakmμsiT§iGviPaKrbs;smaCikRkumh‘unTaMgGs; ehtuenHehIy smaCikEdlBMumansiT§iGnuvtþkic©kar caM)ac;RtUv
mansiT§idwgGMBIsßanPaBénkarGnuvtþkic©kar b¤ sßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un . dUecñHehIy maRtaenH
TTYlsÁal;siT§iRsavRCavGMBIkic©kar nig GMBIRTBüsm,tþi edIm,IFanasiT§idwgenH .
¬@¦ siT§iRsavRCavenH KWCasiT§imUldæanrbs;smaCikRkumh‘un ehtuenHehIy minGacbdiesFsiT§ienHedaykar
snüaBiesseLIy . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlsiT§iRsavRCavenaHRtUv)aneRbIR)as; kñúgeKalbMNgraraMgkic©kar
rbs;Rkumh‘un kareRbIR)as;siT§iGacbdiesF)an edIm,IkarBarkMu[mankareRbIsiT§ienHedaybMBan .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 673 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 776 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 541 énc,ab;
sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs
maRta 706>- siT§iTamTarEckcMeNj PaKénkarEbgEckkarcMeNj xat
143
1-smaCikRkumh‘un RtUvKNnakarcMeNj xat enAkñúgGMLúgeBleTogTat;
ehIykñúgkrNIEdlmancMeNj GacTamTar[EbgEckplcMeNjenaH)an .
2-RbsinebIsmaCikRkumh‘un min)ankMNt;PaKénkarEbgEckkarcMeNj
xateT RtUvkMNt;eTAtamsmamaRténcMnYntémøvinieyaKRTBüFnrbs;smaCiknImYy²
énRkumh‘unenaH .
3-RbsinebI)ankMNt;EtPaKénkarEbgEckcMeBaHkarcMeNj xatNamYy
RtUvsnμtfaPaKenaH dUcKñaeTAnwgkarxatbg; nig karcMeNj .
¬kMNt;¦
RTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un minEmnmanRtwmEtplcMeNjEdl)anmkBIskmμPaBGaCIvkmμrYmrbs;Rkumh‘un
b:ueNÑaHeT KWmanTaMgkarxatbg;pgEdr ehIyEdlCarbs;smaCikRkumh‘unTaMgGs; . k¾b:uEnþ tamsßanPaBépÞkñúg
rbs;Rkumh‘un CaTUeTA eKeFVIkarEbgEck b¤ [smaCikmñak;²TTYlbnÞúkerog²xøÜn . edayQrelImUldæanenH
maRtaenH)anEcgGMBIsiT§iTamTar[eFVIkarEbgEckplcMeNj ¬kfaxNÐTI 1¦ RBmTaMg)anEcgkMNt;GMBIPaKén
karEbgEckcMeNj nig PaKénkarTTYlbnÞúknUvkarxatbg;pgEdr ¬kfaxNÐTI 2 nig kfaxNÐTI 3¦ .
müa:geTot RbsinebImankarRBmeRBogrbs;smaCikTaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un GMBIPaKénkarEbgEckcMeNj b¤
PaKénkarTTYlbnÞúknUvkarxatbg; RtUvGnuelamtamkarRBmeRBogenaH edayminGnuvtþmaRtaenH . elIsBIenH
karRBmeRBog[smaCikNamñak;minTTYlbnÞúknUvkarxatbg;esaH mansuBlPaB k¾b:uEnþ karRBmeRBogEdlmin
EbgEckcMENkénplcMeNj[smaCikNamñak; KYrEtRtUv)anbkRsayfaCakarRBmeRBogemaX³ edaysar
eyagtameKaledAénRkumh‘unEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedIm,IrkplcMeNjenaH kñúgkrNIenH tampøÚvrdæb,evNI
minGacehAfaCaRkumh‘unRbkbkic©karedayshkarKña)aneT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1287 nig maRta 1292 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 674 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/
maRta 722 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1844-1 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 533 énc,ab;sþIBI
katBVkic©rbs;sVIs
maRta 707>- PaKEdlRtUvTTYlbnÞúkénkarxatbg;rbs;smaCikRkumh‘un cMeBaH

m©as;bMNul
144
1-katBVkic©EdlekIteLIgedaykic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un CakatBVkic©eday
samKÁIPaB . b:uEnþ katBVkic©enaH RtUvsgedayRTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘unsin ehIy
RbsinebIminGacsgkatBVkic©TaMgGs; edayRTBüsm,tþiRkumh‘un eTIbsgeday
RTBüedayELkrbs;smaCiknImYy² .
2-bnÞúkrbs;smaCiknImYy² RtUvGnuelamtamsmamaRténPaKvinieyaK
elIkElgEtmankarsnüaBiess .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ katBVkic©EdlekIteLIgedaysarkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un GacEbgEck[smaCikRkumh‘unmñak;²TTYlbnÞúk)an
Edr k¾b:uEnþ karEbgEckenHnwgeFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_dl;ma© s;bMNulrbs;Rkumh‘un . dUecñHehIy vaküxNÐTI 1
énkfaxNÐTI 1 )anEcgfa katBVkic©rbs;Rkumh‘un CakatBVkic©edaysamKÁIPaBrbs;smaCikmñak;² . k¾b:uEnþ
edIm,IsgkatBVkic© ¬ykmkeFVICa {RTBüsm,tþiTTYlxusRtUv}9¦ Cabzm RtUveRbIRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘unCamun
ehIykñúgkrNIEdlminGacsgkatBVkic©[)anGs;eT RTBüsm,tþiedayELkrbs;smaCikerog²xøÜn nwgkøayeTA
CaRTBüsm,tþiTTYlxusRtUv . cMNucenHmanEcgc,as;las;kñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 .
¬@¦ smaCikRkumh‘unmñak;² RtUvTTYlxusRtUvedaysamKÁIPaBcMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;Rkumh‘un k¾b:uEnþ etIsmaCik
mñak;² RtUvTTYlbnÞúkb:unμanPaKenaH KWCabBaðaépÞkñúgmYy . RbsinebImankarsnüaBiess RtUvGnuelamtam
karsnüaBiessenaH . k¾b:uEnþ sRmab;krNIEdlBMumankarsnüaBiesseT caM)ac;RtUvmanviFaneKalmYy .
manTsSn³xøHyl;eXIjfa KYrEt[TTYlbnÞúkesμIPaBKña k¾b:uEnþ ebIKiteTAtamsmamaRténPaKvinieyaKvij
KWCakarsmrmü eTAtamqnÞ³rbs;smaCikmñak;² ehIymansmPaBpg . kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 675 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1857 nig maRta 1858 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ kfaxNÐTI
3 maRta 544 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs
maRta 708>- karhamXat;min[TUTat;katBVkic©Rkumh‘un
9
cMeBaHBakü {RTBüsm,tþiTTYlxusRtUv} sUmemIlkfaPaKTI 1 EpñkTI 3 CMBUkTI 2 én {esckþIBnül;GMBIRkmnItiviFI
rdæb,evNI PaK 2 ³ karGnuvtþedaybgçM nig karcat;EcgrkSakarBar} ¬RksYgyutþFm’ 2009¦ .
145
kUnbMNulrbs;Rkumh‘un BMuGacTUTat;katBVkic©enaH CamYynwgsiT§ielIbMNul
cMeBaHsmaCiknImYy²énRkumh‘un )aneLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
RTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un minEmnRtUvEbgEckeTA[smaCikmñak;²eT KWCakmμsiT§iGviPaKrbs;smaCik
Rkumh‘unTaMgGs; . ebImineFVIdUcenHeT nwgmankarBi)akkñúgkarGnuvtþkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un . dUecñH RbsinebI
ykKMnitenH mkeFVICamUldæan minRtUvTTYlsÁal;[kUnbMNulénRkumh‘unyksiT§ielIbMNulEdlxøÚnmancMeBaH
smaCikmñak; mkeFVIkarTUTat;katBVkic©rbs;xøÜnEdlmancMeBaHRkumh‘unenaHeLIy ¬minRtUvTTYlsÁal;[kUn
bMNulénRkumh‘unyksiT§ielIbMNulEdlxøÚnmancMeBaHsmaCikmñak; mkeFVICasiT§ielIbMNulEdlepþImkarTUTat;
eLIy¦ . maRtaenH)anEcgGMBIcMNucenH . müa:geTot maRtaenHmaneKalKMnitdUcKñanwgmaRta 701 .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 677 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 719 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 709>- kardkxøÜnedaysμ½RKcitþ

1-RbsinebIBMu)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénGtßiPaBrbs;Rkumh‘unenAkñúgkic©snüa
Rkumh‘uneT b¤ ebI)ankMNt;GtßiPaBEdlRkumh‘unRtUvman kñúgry³eBlmYyCIvit
rbs;smaCikNamñak; smaCiknImYy² GacdkxøÜnecj enAeBlNak¾)an . b:uEnþ
kardkxøÜnenH BMuGaceFVI)aneLIy ebIbNþal[xUcplRbeyaCn_dl;Rkumh‘un
elIkElgEtkñúgkrNIEdlBMuGaceCosvag)an .
2-eTaHbICa)ankMNt;GMLúgeBlénGtßiPaBrbs;Rkumh‘unk¾eday enAkñúgkrNI
EdlBMGu aceCosvag)an smaCiknImYy² GacdkxønÜ )an .
3-kardkxøÜnGaceFVIeTA)an edaykarbgðajqnÞ³ cMeBaHsmaCikepSgeTot
TaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenH)anEcgfa smaCikmñak;²GacsMudkxøÜnBIRkumh‘un)anedaysμ½RKcitþ)an ehIy)anEcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐ
nig viFIdkxøÜnecjpgEdr . kardkxøÜnedaysμ½RKcitþenHGaceFVI)an edaykarbgðajqnÞ³rbs;xøÜn cMeBaHsmaCik
epSg² ¬kfaxNÐTI 3¦ ehIycMeBaHl½kçx½NÐvij kñúgkrNIEdlmankMNt;GMBIGMLúgeBlEdlRkumh‘nman
146
GtßiPaB eRkABIGMLúgeBlmYyCIvitrbs;smaCikNamñak; smaCikGacdkxøÜn)ankñúgkrNIEdlmanehtuEdl
{BMuGaceCosvag)an} ehIyeRkABIkrNIenH smaCikGacdkxøÜn)an enAeBlEdlkardkxøÜnenaH {bNþal[xUc
plRbeyaCn_dl;Rkumh‘un} b¤ eTaHCacMeBlEdleFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_Rkumh‘unk¾eday EtRbsinebImanehtu
Edl {minGaceCosvag)an} k¾GacdkxøÜn)anEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 678 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 723/ maRta 724 nig maRta 736 énRkmrdæb,evNI
GaløWm:g;
maRta 710>- kardkxøÜntamc,ab;

eRkABIbBaØtþiEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 709 ¬kardkxøÜnedaysμ½RKcitþ¦
xagelI smaCikRkumh‘un RtUvdkxøÜn edaymUlehtuNamYy dUcxageRkamenH ³
k-mrNPaB .
x-FnkS½y .
K-)anTTYlkarRbkascab;epþImGaNaBüa)alTUeTA .
X-karlubeQμaH .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkardkxøÜnrbs;smaCikRkumh‘untamc,ab; .
¬@¦ eTaHbICasmaCikRkumh‘un)anTTYlmrNPaB ehIysmaCikenaHElgmanGtßiPaBk¾eday k¾maRtaenHEcgfa
mrNPaBenHCamUlehtuénkardkxøÜn . mann½yfa snþtiCnrbs;smaCikRkumh‘unenaHminRtUvTTYlbnþeday
sV½yRbvtþi nUvzan³CasmaCikRkumh‘unenaHeT . tamFmμta TMnukcitþrvagsmaCik nig smaCik mansar³sMxan;
Nas;sRmab;Rkumh‘un dUecñHehIy RbsinebI[snþtiCnrbs;smaCikEdlTTYlmrNPaB sñgbnþedaysV½yRbvtþi
nUvzan³CasmaCikeTA nwgGaceFVI[maneRKaHfñak;dl;GtßiPaBénRkumh‘un . ehtuenHehIy maRtaenH)anEcgfa
mrNPaB KWCamUlehtuénkardkxøÜnecjBIRkumh‘un . müa:geTot RbsinebImankMNt;CamunenAkñúgkic©snüa
Rkumh‘unfa [snþtiCnrbs;smaCiksñgbnþnUvzan³CasmaCik enaHkarsñgbnþenaHRtUv)anTTYlsÁal; . enHKW
edaysarEtkarykmrNPaBCamUlehtuénkardkxøÜnenH KWedIm,IkarBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikepSgeTot
ehIyRbsinebI)ankMNt;CamunnUvkarsñgbnþenHedaykic©snüaRkumh‘un mineFVI[)at;bg;nUvplRbeyaCn_rbs;
smaCikepSgeT .
147
¬#¦ cMeBaHFnkS½yvij cMENkrbs;smaCikFnkS½yenaH caM)ac;RtUvTuksRmab;sgkatBVkic© edIm,IkarBar
m©as;bMNulFnkS½y ¬m©as;bMNulrbs;smaCikFnkS½y¦ enaH ehtudUecñH minGacbegáItkarsnüaBiessEdl
GnuBaØat[CnFnkS½y enACasmaCik enAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘un)aneT .
¬$¦ maRtaenHEcgfa karRbkascab;epþImGaNaBüa)alTUeTA KWCamUlehtuénkardkxøÜnBIRkumh‘un edIm,IkarBar
plRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikepSgeTot . ehtudUecñH RbsinebImankarsnüaBiesskñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘un
karRbkascab;epþImGaNaBüa)alenH GacRtUv)anecjBImUlehtuénkardkxøÜn)an .
¬%¦ cMeBaHkarlubeQμaHvij sUmemIlmaRta 711 .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 679 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 723/ maRta 727/ maRta 728/ maRta 736 nig maRta
737 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 545 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs
maRta 711>- karlubeQμaH

karlubeQμaHsmaCikRkumh‘un GacGnuvtþ)an edaymtiyl;RBmCaÉkcänÞ
BIsmaCikepSgeTotTaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un EtkñúgkrNIEdlmanmUlehtuRtwmRtUv
b:ueNÑaH . b:uEnþ ebImin)anCUndMNwgBIkarlubeQμaH dl;smaCikRkumh‘unEdl
RtUv)anlubeQμaHeT BMuGacykeTAttaMgCamYynwgsmaCikRkumh‘unEdlRtUv)an
lubeQμaHenaH )aneLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ karlubeQμaH EdlCakardklkçNsm,tþirbs;smaCikRkumh‘unedaybgçM edaysmaCikRkumh‘unepSgeTot
KWCaviFImYyEdleFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikEdlRtUvlubeQμaHenaH . pÞúyeTAvij cMeBaHRkumh‘unEdl
ykTMnukcitþrvagsmaCikTaMgGs;mkeFVICamUldæanvij RbsinebITukzan³smaCikEdl)at;bg;nUvTMnukcitþ [enA
dEdlenAkñúgRkumh‘unenaHeTA minEmnCakarl¥cMeBaHdMeNIrkarénkic©karrYmrbs;Rkumh‘unenaHeT . dUecñHehIy
maRtaenHEcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐénkarlubeQμaH edIm,IsRmbsRmYlplRbeyaCn_TaMgBIrenH .
¬@¦ maRtaenH )anEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlman {mUlehtuRtwmRtUv} karlubeQμaHGaceFVI)an {edaymtiyl;RBm
CaÉkcänÞ BIsmaCikepSgeTotTaMgGs;} ehIyGanuPaBénkarlubQμaHenH minGacttaMgnwgsmaCikEdlRtUv)an
lubeQμaH)aneT RbsinebImin)anCUndMNwgeTA[smaCikenaH . müa:geTot cMeBaHkarlubeQμaH manmtixøHfa
KYrEtTamTar[mansalRkm b¤ saldIkarbs;tulakar k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebI)aneFVIkarCUndMNwgGMBIkarlubeQμaH
148
kñúgkrNIEdlsmaCikEdlRtUv)anlubeQμaHenaHmineBjcitþ smaCikenaHGacdak;BakübNþwgeTAtulakar)an
ehIyGacTTYllT§pldUcKña)anEdr ehtudUecñH enAkñúgmaRtaenH min)anyksalRkm b¤ saldIkarbs;
tulakar mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐénkarlubeQμaHeT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 712>- karsgvij nUvcMENkrbs;smaCikRkumh‘un EdldkxøÜn

1-karKNnarvagsmaCikRkumh‘unEdl)andkxøÜn nig smaCikepSgeTot
rbs;Rkumh‘un caM)ac;RtUvGnuvtþ edayEp¥ktamsßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un
enAeBlEdldkxøÜnenaH .
2-cMENkEdlsmaCikRkumh‘unEdl)andkxøÜnenaHman GacsgvijCaR)ak;
)an edayBMuKitBIRbePTénRTBüFnEdlvinieyaKenaHeLIy .
3-cMeBaHcMNucEdlBMuTan;)anbBa©b; enAeBldkxøÜn GacKNna)an enA
eRkayeBleFVIkarbBa©b;enaH .
4-karsgcMENkEdlman eTAsmaCikRkumh‘unEdlRtUv)anlubeQμaH RtUv
P¢ab;karR)ak; tamGRtakarR)ak;EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; cMeBaHGMLúgeBlKitcab;BI
eBlEdl)anCUndMNwgGMBIkarlubeQμaH rhUtdl;eBlEdl)ansgvij .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ GtItsmaCikRkumh‘unEdl)an)at;bg;nUvlkçNsm,tþiCasmaCik RtUv)at;bg;nUvsiT§i RBmTaMgkatBVkic©
vinieyaKrbs;smaCikRkumh‘un . ehtuenHehIy caM)ac;RtUvKNnaRTBüsm,tþirvagsmaCikenH nig Rkumh‘un .
enHKWCakarsgvijnUvcMENkrbs;smaCik .
¬@¦ maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarsgnUvcMENkrbs;smaCik . karsgnUvcMENkrbs;smaCikRtUveFVIeTAtamsßanPaB
énRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘uneBldkxøÜnecjenaH ehIyGacsgCasac;R)ak;)an . müa:geTot eBlEdl
smaCik)andkxøÜnecj RbsinebImankarBi)akkñúgkarKNnaedaysarkic©karrbs;Rkunh‘unminTan;)anbBa©b;eT
GaceFVIkarKNnaeRkayeBlkic©karenaHbBa©b;)an .
¬#¦ müa:geTot cMeBaHkarsgvijnUvcMENkrbs;smaCikEdlRtUv)anlubeQμaH RtUvbUkbEnßmnUvkarR)ak; eday
KitBIéf¶Edl)anCUndMNwgGMBIkarlubeQμaHenaH dl;éf¶Edl)ansgcMENkenaH . kñúgkrNIénkarlubeQμaH
149
GacnwgmanvivaTeRcInBak;B½n§nwgkarlubeQμaHenH ehIyRtUvkareBlevlayUredIm,IedaHRsay dUecñHehIy edIm,I
eCosvagnUvkar)atbg;plRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikEdlRtUveKlubeQμaHecalenaH eTIbmankarEcgdUckfaxNÐTI
4 énmaRtaenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 681 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 738 nig kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 740 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 713>- karrMlayRkumh‘un

1-Rkumh‘un RtUvrMlaytamkrNINamYy dUckMNt;xageRkamenH ³
k-karbBa©b;kic©karEdlCakmμvtßúrbs;Rkumh‘un b¤ GlT§PaBkñúgkar
bMeBjkic©karenaH .
x-ebImankarRBmeRBogBIsmaCikTaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un .
K-ebIenAsl;smaCikRkumh‘un Etmñak; .
X-ebIGMLúgeBlénGtßiPaBrbs;Rkumh‘un EdlkMNt;enAkñúgkic©snüa
Rkumh‘un RtUv)anbBa©b; .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlmanmUlehtuminGaceCosvag)an smaCiknImYy²rbs;
Rkumh‘un GacTamTar[rMlayRkumh‘un)an .
3-karTamTarénkfaxNÐTI 2 xagelIenH RtUveFVIedaykarbgðajqnÞ³ cMeBaH
smaCikepSgeTotTaMgGs; rbs;Rkumh‘un .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ karrMlayRkumh‘un rMsaycMNgrbs;smaCik bBa©b; nig rMlayTMnak;TMngKtiyutþEdlRtUv)anksageLIg
ehIytRmUv[eRtomcab;epþImCRmHbBa©I . maRtaenHEcgGMBImUlehtu nig viFIrMlayRkumh‘un .
¬@¦cMNuc k énkfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIbBa©b;kic©karEdlCaeKalbMNgénRkumh‘un b¤ kic©karenaHminGac
seRmc)an . eBl)anbBa©b;kic©kar eKalbMNgrbs;Rkumh‘unenaHRtUv)anseRmc dUecñHehIymincaM)ac;[man
GtßiPaBbnþeToteT ehIykñúgkrNIénGlT§PaBkñúgkarbMeBjkic©karenaH k¾KμanGtßn½yGVI[manGtßiPaBbnþeTot
Edr .
¬#¦cMNuc x énkfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIEdlmankarRBmeRBogBIsmaCikTaMgGs; . RbsinebImankar
RBmeRBogBIsmaCikTaMgGs;Kña ElgmanGtßn½yGVInwgTuk[manGtßiPaBbnþeToteT . müa:geTot karRBmeRBog
150
enHmincaM)ac;eFVICalayl½kçN_GkSreT . eRkayBI)anrMlay enArg;caMEteFVIkarCRmHbBa¢IedIm,IrMlt;xøÜnb:ueNÑaH
dUecñHehIymincaM)ac;TamTar[eFVICalayl½kçN_GkSreLIy .
¬$¦ cMNuc K énkfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIEdlsmaCikRkumh‘unEbrCaenAEtmñak; ehIy)an)at;bg;nUv
lkçN³sarFatuCaRkum . eyIgGacTTYlsÁal;Rkumh‘unEdlmansmaCikEtmñak;k¾)anEdr k¾b:uEnþ BMuman
plRbeyaCn_kñúgkarTTYlsÁal;Rkumh‘unEdlmansmaCikEtmñak;eLIy . müa:geTot eBlEdlPaKIénkic©snüa
Rkumh‘unmanEtmñak; kic©snüaenaHGaccat;Tukfa)anrlt;k¾)anEdr b:uEnþ maRtaenH)ancat;TukkrNIenHfaCa
TRmg;mYyénkarrMlayEdr .
¬%¦ cMNuc X énkfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIkrNIEdlGMLúgeBlénGtßiPaBrbs;Rkumh‘un EdlkMNt;enAkñúg
kic©snüaRkumh‘un RtUv)anbBa©b; . edaysarEt)aneFVIkarkMNt;nUvGMLúgeBlEdlmanGtßiPaBkñúgkic©snüa
Rkumh‘un KμanbBaðaGVIEdrkñúgkarEcgfa Rkumh‘unenaHnwgcUldl;dMNak;kaleRtomrMlt;xøÜn enAeBlbBa©b;
GMLúgeBlenaH tamkic©snüaRkumh‘unenaHeT .
¬^¦ kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIkarTamTar[rMlayBIsmaCik . kñúgenH manEcgfa smaCikGacTamTar[rMlay
Rkunh‘un)anedaykarbgðajqnÞ³rbs;xøÜncMeBaHsmaCikepSgeTot edayykGtßiPaBénmUlehtuminGaceCosvag
)an mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐ . mUlehtuEdlminGaceCosvag)an mandUcCa krNIEdlmankarlM)akxøaMgkñúgkarbnþ
eFVIkic©karrbs;Rkumh‘un edaysarkarmincuHsMrugKñarvagsmaCik karpøas;bþÚrénsßanPaBesdækic© b¤ karpøas;bþÚr
énsßanPaBRTBüsm,tþirbs;Rkumh‘un CaGaT× .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 682 nig maRta 683 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 726 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 714>- PaBKμanRbtiskmμénkarrMlay

karrMlayRkumh‘un BMumanGanuPaBRbtiskmμeLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
karGnuvtþRbtiskmμnUvGanuPaBénkarrMlayRkumh‘un nwgeFVI[TMnak;TMngKtiyutþkan;EtsμúKsμajeTA ehtu
enHehIy RKan;Et[manGanuPaBeq<aHeTAGnaKtEtb:ueNÑaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 715>- GñkCRmHbBa¢I

151
1-RbsinebIRkumh‘unRtUv)anrMlay karCRmHbBa¢IRtUveFVI edayshkarKña
rvagsmaCikTaMgGs;rbs;Rkumh‘un b¤ edayGñkCRmHbBa¢I EdlRtUv)aneRCIstaMg
edaysmaCikRkumh‘un .
2-kareRCIstaMgGñkCRmHbBa¢IénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH kñúgkrNIEdl
KμankMNt;BiessenAkñúgkic©snüaRkumh‘uneT RtUvseRmcedaysemøgelIsBIBak;
kNþaléncMnYnsmaCikRkumh‘unenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
dUcEdl)anBnül;rYcmkehIy karrMlaymann½yfa karcab;epþImeFVIskmμPaBedIm,IrMlt;Rkumh‘un . edIm,I
rMlt;Rkumh‘unnaGnaKt caM)ac;RtUvCRmHbBa¢IRTBüsm,tþi ehIyedIm,IeFVIkargarenH RtUvEtkMNt;GñkCRmHbBa¢I .
enHKWCaeKalKMnitdUcGñkGnuvtþkic©karEdr . dUecñHehIy smaCikmμak;² RtUveFVIkargarCRmHbBa¢I edayshkarKña
b¤ eRCIstaMgGñkCRmHbBa¢I edIm,I[eFVIkargarCRmHbBa¢I . müa:geTot kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBInItiviFIeRCIstaMg
GñkCRmHbBa¢I .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 716>- karGnuvtþkic©karrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I

bBaØtþiénmaRta 702 ¬viFIGnuvtþkic©kar¦ énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKña
pgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlGñkCRmHbBa¢I mancMnYneRcInnak; .
¬kMNt;¦
dUcEdl)anBnül;kñúgmaRta 715 Edr GñkCRmHbBa¢ImansiT§iGMNacRtwmEteFVIskmμPaBedIm,ICRmHbBa¢I
b:ueNÑaH k¾b:uEnþ zan³rbs;GñkenaHRbhak;RbEhlKñanwgzan³rbs;GñkGnuvtþkic©karEdr . ehtuenHehIy kñúgkrNI
EdlmanGñkCRmHbBa¢IeRcInrUb bBaØtþiénmaRta 702 RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 717>- karlaQb; nig karbBaÄb;GñkCRmHbBa¢I
152
bBaØtþiénmaRta 704 ¬karlaQb; nig karbBaÄb;smaCikRkumh‘unEdl
Gnuvtþkic©kar¦ énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr kñúgkrNIEdlsmaCikTaMg
Gs;rbs;Rkumh‘un )anRBmeRBogeRCIstaMgGñkCRmHbBa¢I BIkñúgcMeNamsmaCik
Rkumh‘unenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
sþIBIzan³rbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I manBnül;enAkñúgmaRta 715 nig maRta 716 ehIy . ehtuenHehIy
cMeBaHkarlaQb; nig karbBaÄb;GñkCRmHbBa¢I EdlRtUv)aneRCIstaMgedaykarRBmeRBogrbs;smaCikRkumh‘un
maRta 704 sþIBIGñkGnuvtþkic©karEdlRtUv)aneRCIstaMgedaykic©snüaRkumh‘un RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 718>- muxgar nig siT§iGMNacrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I viFIEbgEckRTBüsm,tþi

EdlenAesssl;
1-bBaØtþiénmaRta 71 ¬muxgar nig siT§iGMNacrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I¦ énRkm
enH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHmuxnaTI nig siT§iGMNacrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢I .
2-RTBüsm,tþiEdlenAesssl; RtUvEbgEckedaysmamaRttamtémøén
RTBüFnEdlsmaCiknImYy²rbs;Rkumh‘un )anvinieyaK .
¬kMNt;¦
cMeBaHmuxgar nig siT§iGMNacrbs;GñkCRmHbBa¢IRkumh‘un bBaØtþisþIBIGñkCRmHbBa¢InItibuKÁl RtUvykmkGnuvtþ
dUcKñapgEdr edaysarEtkargarrbs;GñkTaMgBIrenHmanlkçN³dUcKña .
müa:geTot eBlCRmHbBa¢IehIy ehIyRTBüsm,tþienAsl; RtUvEbgEckeTA[smaCikeTAtamcMnYnTwkR)ak;
énkarvinieyaKrbs;smaCikmñak;² .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
CMBUkTI 12 kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit
153
maRta 719>- niymn½yénkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit
1-kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYyEdlPaKI
mçagCakUnbMNulénFnlaP snüafa mankrNIykic©RtUvpþl;tavkalikCaR)ak;
tameBlkMNt;eTogTat; eTA[PaKImçageTotEdlCam©as;bMNul b¤ ttiyCnén
FnlaP rhUtdl;eBlEdlxøÜnpÞal; PaKImçageTot b¤ ttiyCn)anTTYlmrNPaB
ehIyPaKImçageTot snüafamankrNIykic©TTYlbnÞúkpþl;tavkaliknUvR)ak;edIm
EdlCatémøfñÚrenaH .
2-kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit RbsinebIBMu)aneFVICalayl½kçN_
GkSreT BMumanGanuPaBeLIy .
3-m©as;bMNulénFnlaP RtUvTTYl)annUvÉksiT§ielIclnvtßú nig Gcln-
vtßú kñúgcMeNamR)ak;edImEdlxøÜn)anpþl;tavkalik[eTAPaKImçageTotedIm,IsiT§ielI
bMNulénFnlaPenaH . ÉksiT§iEdlm©as;bMNulénFnlaPRtUvTTYl RtUv)ancat;
TukfaCaÉksiT§iEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 797 ¬ÉksiT§icMeBaHkarlk;clnvtßú¦
b¤ maRta 802 ¬ÉksiT§icMeBaHkarlk;Gclnvtßú¦ tamRbePTénvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúén
ÉksiT§ienaH .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit KWCakic©snüamYyEdltRmUv[kUnbMNulénFnlaP bMeBjkrNIykic©
pþl;tavkalikCaR)ak;[m©as;bMNulénFnlaP tameBlkMNt;eTogTat; rhUtdl;m©as;bMNulénFnlaPenaH
TTYlmrNPaB ehIyPaKeRcIn eKeRbIkic©snüaenHsRmab;FanaCIvPaBm©as;bMNulénFnlaPenAeBlcas; .
kfaxNÐTI 1 kMNt;GMBIniymn½yénkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit . kic©snüapþl;tavkalikCaR)ak;eday
eTogTat; mYyCIvitedayminyktémøfñÚr k¾manEdr k¾b:uEnþ bBaØtþisþIBIRbTankmμ b¤ bBaØtþisþIBIGaharkatBVkic©
GacykmkGnuvtþ)an cMeBaHkic©snüaEbbenH . dUecñHehIy kfaxNÐTI 1 kMNt;fa kic©snüaFnlaPsamyik
mYyCIvit KWCakic©snüaEdlyktémøfñÚr .
müa:geTot kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCivitenH GaceFVIeLIgtamTRmg;én {kic©snüaEdleFVIeLIgsRmab;
ttiyCn} )anEdr ehtuenHehIy)anCabBaØtþdUckñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 enH .
¬@¦ kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvitenH KWCakic©snüapþl;tavkalikCaR)ak;eTogTat;ry³eBlEvg rhUtdl;
154
mrNPaBrbs;buKÁlCak;lak;Namñak;EdlCamUlehtuénkarbBa©b;kic©snüa edayEp¥kelIRTBüsm,tþiEdlm©as;
bMNulénFnlaP)aneFVIviPaKTan ehIyKWCakic©snüaEdlmanlkçN³mineTog ¬contrat aléatoire¦ ehtuenH
ehIy)anCamankrNIeRcInNas;EdlvivaTekIteLIg . dUecñHehIy edIm,I[dwgc,as;las;nUvTIkEnøg RBmTaMg
xøwmsarénkic©snüaenaH RtUveFVIkic©snüaenaHCalayl½kçN_GkSr ehIycMNucenH )anEcgkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 .
müa:geTot karTamTar[mankic©snüaCalayl½kçN_GkSr maneKalbMNgTamTar[mankarseRmccitþ
edayRby½tñrbs;PaKIpgEdr .
¬#¦ kñúgkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit TMnak;TMngrvagsiT§ielIbMNul nig katBVkic© manGtßiPaBry³eBl
Evg dUecñH caM)ac;RtUvkarBarzan³rbs;m©as;bMNulFnlaPEdl)anGnuvtþkareFVIviPaKTanRTBürbs;xøÜnmun .
kfaxNÐTI 3 maneKalbMNgkarBarm©as;bMNulénFnlaP edayEcgTTYlsÁal;nUvÉksiT§irbs;m©as;bMNul
énFnlaP elIRTBüEdl)aneFVIviPaKTan .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 689 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1968 dl;maRta 1976 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 517
nig maRta 518 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©rbs;sVIs
maRta 720>- karKNnaénFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit

FnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit RtUvKNnaedayKittamcMnYnéf¶ .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ cMeBaHkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit FnlaPsamyikEdlRtUvbg;enaH minEmnCakarR)ak;edayyk
RTBüEdl)anmkBIviPaKTanénm©as;bMNulFnlaPsamyikCaR)ak;edImeT . dUecñHehIy tamRTwsþI minmanPaB
caM)ac;kñúgkarykrUbmnþénkarKNnakarR)ak; b¤ rUbmnþénkarKNnaplsIuvilEdlCatémøfñÚrénkareRbIR)as;
R)ak;edImenaHmkeRbIeT . k¾b:uEnþ lkçN³énFnlaPsamyik ¬b¤ karvaytémøCak;Esþgrbs;sgÁmcMeBaHFnlaP
samyikenH¦ manRbhak;RbEhlnwgplsIuvilEdr ehtuenHehIy)anCaenAkñúgenH)anEcgtRmUv[KNnaeday
KittamcMnYnéf¶ .
¬@¦ maRtaenH KWCabBaØtþimYyeRtomsRmab;krNIEdlsiT§ielIbMNulFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit RtUv)anrlt;
enABak;kNþalénkMNt;eBlRtUvbg; . ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlsiT§ielIbMNulénFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit RtUv
)anbg; CaTwkR)ak;cMnYn 30 muWnerolerogral;Ex RbsinebIbuKÁlNamñak;)anTTYlmrNPaB enAéf¶TI 10 Ex
emsa ehIymrNPaBenHCamUlehtuénkarrMlt;siT§ielIbMNulFnlaP enaHsiT§ielIbMNulFnlaPRtUvrlt;
ehIyTwk R)ak;cMnYn 10 muWnerol edayKNnatamcMnYnéf¶ .
155
¬#¦ kñúgkrNIEdlR)ak;FnlaPsamyikRtUv)anTTYlCamun ehIysiT§ielIbMNulénFnlaPsamyikenH )an
rlt;Bak;kNþalkal RbsinebImUlehtuénkarrMlt;enaHminEmnekItenAedImkaleT manc,ab;xøH)anEcg[m©as;
bMNulénFnlaPsamyikeFVIlT§kmμnUvTwkR)ak;TaMgmUlenH)an k¾b:uEnþ maRtaenHmin)anEcgdUcenHeT KWtRmUv
[m©as;bMNulFnlaPsamyikenH sgedayKNnatamcMnYnéf¶vij .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 721>- karminGnuvtþkatBVkic©FnlaPsamyik

1-RbsinebIkUnbMNulénFnlaP )aneFVsRbEhsBMu)anpþl;tavkalikén
FnlaPsamyik tameBlkMNt;eTogTat; b¤ ebIBMu)anGnuvtþkrNIykic©epSgeTot
eT PaKImçageTotGacrMlaykic©snüa ehIyGacTamTar[eFVIbdiTannUvR)ak;edIm
Edl)aneFVIkarpþl;tavkalikenaH)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH PaKImçageTotRtUvsg
nUvcMnYnTaMgGs;énFnlaPEdlxøÜn)anTTYlrhUtdl;karrMlay edaydkkarR)ak;
énR)ak;edImenaHrhUtdl;karrMlay [eTAkUnbMNulénFnlaPvij .
2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH minraraMgelIkarTamTarsMNgénkar
xUcxateLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ edaysarEtkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit Cakic©snüaEdlmanlkçN³mineTog ¬contrat aléatoire¦
manTsSn³xøHfa eTaHbICakUnbMNulénFnlaPmin)anGnuvtþkatBVkic©k¾eday k¾minKYrTTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§irMlay
kic©snüarbs;m©as;bMNulénkic©snüaFnlaPsamyikEdr k¾b:uEnþ RbsinebITTYlsÁal;EtsiT§iTamTar[bg;nUv
FnlaPsamyikEdlyWtya:v nig sMNgénkarxUcxatb:ueNÑaH enaHvanwgbRgYjnUvvisalPaBénkarse®gÁaH
m©as;bMNulénFnlaPsamyikeTAvij ehIyCakarmYyxVHsmPaB dUecñHehIy maRtaenHTTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§i
rMlaykic©snüa ehIydak;krNIykic©[kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyikEdlmin)anGnuvtþtBVkic©enaH eFVIbdiTan
sßanPaBedImeLIgvij . k¾b:uEnþ edIm,I[mansmPaB cMENkénkatBVkic©Edl)anGnuvtþehIy caM)ac;RtUvTUTat;
dUecñHehIy)anCaeKalKMnitenHRtUv)anbBa©ÚlkñúgvaküxNÐTI 2 .
¬@¦ edayeyagtambBaØtþiénmaRta 390 RbsinebImankarxUcxatEdlekItmaneLIgedaysarkarminGnuvtþ
katBVkic©rbs;kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik RBmCamYyKñanwgkarekIteLIgénsiT§irMlaykic©snüa siT§iTamTar
156
[sgnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatk¾ekIteLIgEdr . kfaxNÐTI 2 bBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 722>- mrNPaB EdlCamUlehtuénkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;kUnbMNulén

FnlaPsamyik
RbsinebImrNPaBrbs;buKÁlEdleFVICamUldæanénkMNt;eBlcb;énkic©
snüaFnlaPsamyik )anekIteLIg edaysarmUlehtuEdlCakarTTYlxusRtUv
rbs;kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik tulakarGacRbkasfa siT§ielIbMNulbnþ
manGtßiPaB kñúgGMLúgeBlsmrmü tamkarTamTarrbs;m©as;bMNulénFnlaP
samyik b¤ snþtiCn rbs;buKÁlenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ edaysarEtmrNPaBénbuKÁlCak;lak;Namñak; CamUlehtuénkarrMlt;kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit
cMeBaHkUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik RbsinebIbuKÁlCak;lak;enaHTTYlmrNPaBkan;Etqab; bnÞúkkUnbMNulkan;
EtRsal . kñúgkrNIEdlmrNPaBrbs;buKÁlCak;lak;enaH )anekIteLIg edaysarmUlehtuEdlCakarTTYl
xusRtUvrbs;kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik RbsinebITTYlsÁal;nUvkarsRmalnUvbnÞúkrbs;kUnbMNulenaHeTA
nwgeFVI[)at;bg;nUvsmPaB . bBaðaenHmanviFIsa®sþmYyedIm,IedaHRsayEdr KW karTTYlsÁal;nUvsiT§irMlay
kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit k¾b:uEnþ viFIsa®sþenHminEmnCadMeNaHRsayTn;Pøn;eT . dUecñHehIy)anCa
kñúgmaRtaenH viFIsa®sþepSgRtUv)aneRCIserIs KW eBlbBa©b;kic©snüaFnlaP samyikmYyCIvitenaH Gac
BnüareBlsmrmü)an edaykarvinicä½yrbs;tulakar edIm,IrkSanUvsmPaB .
¬@¦ kñúgkrNIEdltulakarTTYlsÁal;nUv {GMLúgeBlsmrmü} enH {GMLúgeBlsmrmü} enH mann½yfaCa
GMLúgeBlmYysmRsbeTAtameBlEdlbuKÁlenaHGacmanCIvit edayBüakreTAtamsßanPaBénsuxPaB b¤
Gayu CaGaT× rbs;buKÁlCak;lak;enaH .
¬#¦ etItulakarRbkasbnþnUvGtßiPaBkic©snüaenAkñúg {GMLúgeBlsmrmü} b¤ minRbkasenaH KWCakarRbKl;
[tulakareFVIkarvinicä½y[)ansmRsb edayKitBicarNanUvPaBCak;EsþgénmUlehtuEdlCakarTTYlxusRtUv
rbs;kUnbMNulénFnlaPsamyik . dUecñHehIy maRtaenHEcgfa CacMNucseRmcedayqnÞanusiT§irbs; tulakar
.
157
¬$¦ maRtaenHBuMraraMgnUvkarGnuvtþtammaRta 721 eT ehtudUecñH m©as;bMNulénFnlaPsamyik b¤ snþtiCn
rbs;GñkenaH GaceRCIserIsykkarTamTaredayeyagtammaRtaenH b¤ GacTamTaredayeyagtammaRta
721 k¾)anEdr . mann½yfa m©as;bMNulénFnlaPsamyik b¤ snþtiCnrbs;GñkenaH GaceRCIserIsyk
viFINamYycMeNjCag)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 723>- FnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit edayGc½©yTan

bBaØtþiénCMBUkTI 12 ¬kic©snüaFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit¦ enH RtUvykmk
GnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHGc©½yTanEdlP¢ab;bnÞúkénFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvit .
¬kMNt;¦
FnlaPsamyikGaceFVIedaykic©snüa b¤ edayGc©½yTanEdlP¢ab;nwgbnÞúk . KμanmUlehtuNamYy[
cat;EcgFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvitedayGc©½yTan epSgBIFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvitedaykic©snüaeT ehtudUecñH
maRtaenHEcgc,as;las;[GnuvtþdUcKñatambBaØtþiénCMBUkenH cMeBaHFnlaPsamyikmYyCIvitedayGc©½yTan
EdlP¢ab;nwgbnÞúkpgEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
CMBUkTI 13 karsHCa
maRta 724>- niymn½y

karsHCa sMedAeTAelIkic©snüamYy EdlPaKI)anRBmeRBogbBa©b;vivaTEdl
manrvagKñanwgKña edayeFVIsm,TaneTAvijeTAmk .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIniymn½yénkarsHCa .
karsHCa KWCakic©snüabBa©b;nUvvivaTrvagPaKIEdlmanvivaTenaH . ]TahrN_dUcCa GMBIeRKaHfñak;cracrN_
rvagcarI nig GñkrgeRKaH manvivaTGMBITwkR)ak;énsMNgénkarxUcxat ehIyPaKITaMgenH)anRBmeRBogKñasþIBI
TwkR)ak;énsMNgenH tamry³karcrcaredIm,IedaHRsayvivaTenH . cMeBaHkarsHCatampøÚvtulakar man
158
GanuPaBbBa©b;erOgkþItamnItiviFIrdæb,evNI ehIymanxøwmsarmYyeTot KW karbegáItkic©snüasHCaedIm,IbBa©b;
vivaTrvagPaKItampøÚvc,ab;nItiÉkCn .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 725>- vtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarsHCa

1-edIm,IeFVIkarsHCa PaKIRtUvmansiT§iGMNaccat;EcgvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú man
enAkñúgkarsHCaenaH .
2-karsHCa edIm,IeFVI[TMnak;TMngKtiyutþEdlemaX³ edaysarPaBpÞúynwg
sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ b¤ TMenomTmøab;l¥ b¤ bBaØtþiEdlGnuvtþedaybgçM [man
GanuPaBeLIgenaH RtUvTukCaemaX³ .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgsþIBIvtßúEdlCakmμvtßúénkarsHCa .
kfaxNÐTI 1 EcgGMBIl½kçx½NÐénkarsHCafa PaKIénkarsHCaRtUvmansiT§iGMNaccat;EcgvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú
EdlmanenAkñúgkarsHCaenaH . ]TahrN_ Ptik³éndIFøImañ k; minGacsHCaKñacMeBaHvivaTGMBIRBMdI CamYynwg
m©as;kmμsiT§idIFøIenACab;dIenaH)aneT . eTaHbICa)aneFVIkic©snüasHCa k¾kic©snüaenaHkøayCaemaX³Edr ehIy
m©as;kmμsiT§idIFøICab;KñaenaH BMuGacGHGagGMBIxøwmsarénkic©snüasHCaenaH cMeBaHm©as;kmμsiT§idIFøIEdl)anCYleT .
kfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa ]TahrN_ sþIBIR)ak;QñHEl,gsIusg b¤ R)ak;lk;TijeRKOgejón karbEgVrR)ak;
enHeTACaR)ak;km©I edIm,IeFVI[siT§ielIbMNulmansuBlPaBenaH RtUvTukCaemaX³ . mann½yfa minGnuBaØat[
bEgVrGVImYyeTACaTMnak;TMngKtiyutþmYyepSg edIm,IsMGatR)ak;)aneLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 2054 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg .
maRta 726>- xsnüaGMBIR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüa

kñúgkic©snüasHCa GacbEnßmxsnüaGMBIR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©
snüa cMeBaHbuKÁlEdlminGnuvtþkic©snüaenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
159
maRtaenHEcgeLIgedIm,IbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;fa GacbEnßmnUvxsnüasþIBIR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBan
kic©snüa enAkñúgkic©snüasHCa)an .
kñúgkic©snüasHCa edIm,IedaHRsayvivaT ehIyTamTar[PaKImçageToténkic©snüa Gnuvtþtamkarsnüa
enaHedaysμ½RKcitþ tamFmμta PaKIeRcInEtbnßynUvTwkR)ak;Edl)anTamTarBImun b¤ TTYlsÁal;nUvkarsgbNþak;
CaedIm . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlPaKImçageTotmin)anGnuvtþtamkarRBmeRBogénkarsHCaenaHeT mUldæanén
karsHCanwgRtUvEbk)ak; ehtuenHehIy Gacdak;bnÞúk[bg;R)ak;FanasMNgeBlbMBankic©snüaenaH)an .
müa:geTot kñúgkrNIsHCaEdlminRtUveFVIskmμPaBNamYy dUcCaBMuRtUvbeBa©jsemøgGWgkg CaGaT× mankrNIxøH
PaKIkMNt;CamunnUvkarBin½yeBlEdlbMBankarRBmeRBogenH edIm,IeFVI[GñkmankrNIykic©Gnuvtþtamkarsnüa
rbs;xøÜn . maRtaenH GnuBaØat[mankic©snüasHCaEdlP¢ab;CamYynwgxsnüaénR)ak;FanasMNgkñúgkrNIbMBan
kic©snüa . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;nUvR)ak;sMNgkñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüaEdlmanTwkR)ak;sMNgeRcInhYs
ehtu kic©snüaGackøayeTACaemaX³ edaysarpÞúynwgsNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ nig TMenomTmøab;l¥ ehtuenH
ehIy RtUvkMNt;nUvxsnüaEdlmansMNgFanakñúgkrNIbMBankic©snüa edaymanTwkR)ak;smrmümYy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 727>- GanuPaBénkarsHCa

kñúgkrNIEdlTTYlsÁal;faPaKImçagmansiT§i b¤ )anTTYlsÁal;faPaKImçag
eTotKμansiT§ielIkmμvtßúénvivaT edaykarsHCa ehIyebI)anrkeXIjPsþútagEdl
snñidæan)anfa PaKIenaHKμansiT§ienaHtaMgBIedImmk b¤ ebI)anrkeXIjPsþútagEdl
snñidæan)anfa PaKImçageTotmansiT§ienaH RtUvcat;Tukfa siT§ienaH RtUv)anepÞreTA
[PaKIenaH edaykarsHCa b¤ RtUvcat;Tukfa siT§irbs;PaKImçageTot RtUv)anrlt; .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgfa etITMnak;TMngKtiyutþEdlmanBImunmk nwgkøayeTACaya:gNaEdr kñúgkrNIEdlman
kic©snüasHCa .
]TahrN_ A )anGHGagfa )aneFVIlT§kmμnUvdIFøImYykEnøgrbs;kmμsiT§ikr B edaysarGaC£ayukalén
lT§kmμsiT§i ehIyerOgvivaTBak;B½n§nwgkmμsiT§ielIdIFøIenHrvag A nig B )anekIteLIg . bnÞab;mk A nig B )aneFVI
kic©snüa sHCamYyEdlmanxøwmsarfa dIBak;kNþalEdlenAPaKxagekIt KWCarbs; A Edl)aneFVIlT§kmμeday
160
GaC£ayukalénlT§kmμsiT§i rIÉdIBak;kNþaleTotEdlenAPaKxaglic KWCarbs; B dEdl . kñúgkrNIenH
RbsinebIeRkayBIenaHmk eKrkeXIjPsþútagc,as;las;fa tamkarBit A BMu)ankan;kab;dIenaHeT enaH A k¾BMu
)aneFVIlT§kmμnUvdIBak;kNþalPaKxagekItenaHedayGaC£ayukalénlT§kmμsiT§iEdr . eTaHbICamankrNIdUcenH
k¾eday k¾kmμsiT§iéndIBak;kNþalPaKxagekIt RtUvepÞreTA[ A tamkic©snüasHCa edayGanuPaBénkic©snüa
sHCaEdr . müa:geTot RbsinebIeBleRkaymk eKrkeXIjPsþútagc,as;las;fa A )ankan;kab;dIenaHTaMgGs;
kñúgeKalbMNgeFVICakmμsiT§ikréndITaMgmUlenaH BitEmn A GaceFVIlT§kmμnUvdIBak;kNþalPaKxaglicEdr
edayGaC£ayukalénlT§kmμsiT§i . kñúgkrNIenHk¾eday k¾kmμsiT§iéndIBak;kNþalPaKxaglicenAEtCarbs; B
dEdl edaysarkic©snüasHCaenaH mann½yfa GanuPaBénlT§kmμedayGaC£ayukalrbs; A RtUv)an)at;bg; .
enHKWCaGanuPaBénkarsHCa . cMeBaHerOgvivaTGMBIR)ak; k¾dUcKñaEdr ]TahrN_ kñúgerOgsMNgénkarxUcxat
edaysareRKaHfñak;cracrN_ CnrgeRKaH A )anTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatCaTwkR)ak; 200 duløar rIÉcarIvij
)anGHGagfa karxUcxatmanEt 100 duløarb:ueNÑaHeT ehIyeKTaMgBIr)ansHCaedaykMNt;CaTwkR)ak;sMNg
énkarxUcxat 150 duløar . EteRkaymk eBleKrkeXIjPsþútagfa karxUcxatman 170 duløar dUecñH
siT§iTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat 20 duløarrbs; A RtUvrlt; . pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebIkarxUcxatBitmanEt
120 duløarb:ueNÑaH eT mann½yfa 30 duløarEdlelIs k¾RtUv)anepÞrBI B eTA A edaysarGanuPaBénkic©snüa
sHCaenHEdr . dUecñHehIy)anCamaRtaenHEcgfa GanuPaBénkarrlt; b¤ karepÞrsiT§inwgekIteLIgedaysar
kic©snüasHCa edIm,IkMu[manbBaðaTamTarsMNgénesckþIceRmIneday\tehtuekIteLIgeBleRkayeTot .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 728>- karPan;RcLMEdlTak;TgeTAnwgsiT§iEdlCakmμvtßúénvivaT CaGaT×

eTaHbICakñúgkrNIEdl)ansHCa edayPaKImçagPan;RcLMGMBIm©as;siT§i b¤
GgÁehtuEdlCamUldæanénkarKNnatémøénkmμvtßúk¾eday RbsinebIIkarsHCaenaH
)aneFVIedaysm,TanKñaeTAvijeTAmkGMBIm©as;siT§i b¤ GtßiPaB ntißPaBénGgÁehtu b¤
karvaytémø CaGaT× PaKIBMuGacykmUlehtuénkarPan;RcLMBIm©as;siT§i b¤ GtßiPaB
ntißPaBénGgÁehtu b¤ karvaytémø CaGaT× mklubecalkarsHCa)aneLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHCabBaØtþieFVIkarkRmitcMeBaHkarlubecalkic©snüasHCaedaysarkarPan;RcLM tamlkçN³Biess
161
énkic©snüasHCa .
PaKIGacmankarPan;RcLM GMBIGgÁehtu CaGaT× kñúgkareFVIkic©snüasHCa . kñúgcMeNamenaH GacmankrNI
EdlPaKIBMumanKMnitsHCaeT Et)ancuHhtßelxaelIlixitsHCaeRkAtulakaredaykarPan;RcLM b¤ manKMnit
sHCakñúgTwkR)ak;cMnYn 1000 duløar Et)anRcLMsresrEt 100 duløarb:ueNÑaH enAelIlixitsHCa . kñúgkrNI
dUcenH PaKIEdl)anPan;RcLM Gaclubecalkic©snüasHCaenaH)an edaykarPan;RcLM edayEp¥kelIl½kçx½NÐ
Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 346 énRkmenH . bnÞab;mk GacmankrNIEdlPaKIeFVIkic©snüasHCaedayman
karPan;RcLMGMBIm©as;siT§i b¤ GgÁehtuEdlCamUldæanénkarKNnatémøénkmμvtßú . ]TahrN_ A )anGHGagfa
xøÜn)aneFVIlT§kmμdIFøIEdlCakmμsiT§irbs; B edayGaC£ayukalénlT§kmμsiT§i rIÉ B vij edayKiteXIjfa A
)ankan;kab;dIenaH Cab;lab;Gs;ry³eBl 10 qñaMehIy k¾suxcitþyl;RBmsHCaCamYy A edayepÞrkmμsiT§idIenaH
eTA[ A ehIyTTYlR)ak;tamkarsHCaEtbnþicbnþÜcvij . k¾b:uEnþ eRkaymk eKrkeXIjfa kñúgGMLúgeBl 10
qñaMenaH maneBl 2 qñaM Edl A min)ankan;kab;dIenaH dUecñHehIy GaC£ayukalénlT§kmμsiT§ienaH minTan;)an
seRmcenAeLIyeT . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebIrvag A nig B eBlcrcaredIm,IeFVIkic©snüasHCa mankarCECkGMBI
karkan;kab;eday A Et B )anyl;RBmeFVIkic©snüasHCa edaysarxøÜnyl;eXIjfa karGHGagrbs; A manPaB
smrmüxøaMg enaH B minGaclubecalkic©snüasHCaenaH edayykmUlehtufa mankarPan;RcLMGMBI
karmin)ankan;kab;dIenaH ry³eBl 2 qñaM enAkñúgGMLúgeBl 10 qñaMenaH eday A ¬karPan;RcLMGMBIGtßiPaB b¤
ntßiPaBénGgÁehtu¦ )aneT . mankrNIepSgeTot dUcCakrNITamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedayeRKaHfñak;
cracrN_vij CnrgeRKaH)anGHGagfa mankarxUcxatcMnYn 200 duløar rIÉcarIvij )anGHGagfa karxUcxatman
Et 100 duløareT ehIyPaKIsgxag)ansHCaKñafa karxUcxatmancMnYn 150 duløar . kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebI
PaKITaMgsgxag)anCECkKñaGMBIkarvaytémøénkarxUcxatenaH ehIy)aneFVIkic©snüasHCadUcenaH PaKIminGac
lubecalkic©snüasHCa eRkayeBlenaH edayykmUlehtufa mankarPan;RcLMGMBIkarvaytémøénkarxUcxat
)aneLIy . kardak;kRmitkñúgkarlubecalnUvkic©snüasHCa edaykarPan;RcLMenH KWedIm,IeCosvagnUvvivaT
CafμIeTotekIteLIg edaysarmanmUlehtuPan;RcLM . müa:geTot karkRmitenHTTYlsÁal;EtcMeBaHkrNIEdl
{karsHCaenaH )aneFVIedaysm,TaneTAvijeTAmkGMBIm©as;siT§i b¤ GtßiPaB ntßiPaBénGgÁehtu b¤ karvaytémø
CaGaT×} b:ueNÑaHeT dUecñHehIy eyIgsnñidæanfa PaKIenaH)ansHCa edaymankarTTYlsÁal;fa xøÜnGacman
karPan;RcLM ehIyeTaHbICamankarkRmitdUcenHk¾eday k¾minEmnCakarmYytwgruwgF¶n;F¶rsRmab;PaKIEdl
)anPan;RcLMeT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
vaküxNÐTI 2 maRta 2054 nig maRta 2055 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
162
CMBUkTI 14 karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al
maRta 729>- krNIykic©RKb;RKgrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al

1-eTaHbICaKμansiT§iGMNack¾eday karcab;epþImRKb;RKgkic©karedIm,IbuKÁl
déT ehAfa karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al . buKÁlEdleFVIkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al
ehAfa GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al .
2-GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al RtUvRKb;RKgedayBüayamRbugRby½tñ kñúgnam
CaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit tamviFIEdlsmrmüCageK edIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;
samIxøÜn Ep¥ktamlkçN³énkic©karenaH .
3-RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgedayQWqa¥ l )andwgGMBIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn b¤ Rbsin
ebIGacdwgGMBIqnÞ³enaH)an RtUveFVIkarRKb;RKgedayEp¥ktamqnÞ³enaH .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ kñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶ mnusSeyIgCanic©kalykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkic©karrbs;GñkdéT eTaHbICaKμansiT§iGMNac
b¤ krNIykic©tampøÚvc,ab;edIm,IeFVIEbbenaHk¾eday . dUcEdleyIgdwgRsab;ehIyfa karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk
rvagGñkCitxag samKÁIPaBsgÁm nig kic©shRbtibtþikareTAvijeTAmk mansar³sMxan;Nas;enAkñúgCIvitrbs;
mnusSeyIg . b:uEnþ vac,as;Nas;eTAehIyEdlfa karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkenH KWCa {kareRCotERCkcUleTAkñúg
kic©karrbs;GñkdéT} . RbsinebIeyIgGnuvtþeKalkarN_s½VyPaBénbuKÁlÉkCn[Cak;lak;eTA karCYyKña
eTAvijeTAmkEbbenH RtUv)anvaytémøfa xusc,ab; . edaysarEtehtuplenHehIy CakrNIelIkElgcMeBaH
eKalkarN_s½VyPaBénbuKÁlÉkCn CMBUkenHdak;bBa©ÚlnUvbBaØtþiEdleFVI[ {kareRCotERCkcUleTAkñúgkic©kar
rbs;GñkdéT} minxusc,ab; RbsinebIkareRCotERCkenaH)anbMeBjnUvl½kçx½NÐmYycMnYn nig bBaØtþidéTepSgeTot
EdlBak;B½n§CamYynwgTMnak;TMngsiT§i nig krNIykic©rvagGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al nig samIxøÜn . edaysar
TMnak;TMngenHekIteLIgedayc,ab; EtminEmnedayqnÞ³rbs;PaKI TMnak;TMngenHRtUv)anehAfaCa {TMnak;TMngén
katBVkic©EdlkMNt;edayc,ab;} .
¬@¦ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHkMNt;niymn½yfa {kareRCotERCkcUlkñúgkic©karGñkdéT} tamry³karCYyKña
eTAvijeTAmk KWCa {karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al} ehIy[niymn½yfa buKÁlEdlRbtibtþikarRKb;RKg KWCa
GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al .
edIm,I[skmμPaBmYyGacRtUv)ancat;TukfaCakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GñkRKb;RKgcaM)ac;RtUvmanqnÞ³
163
RKb;RKgkic©kar {edIm,IbuKÁldéT} . qnÞ³enHKWehAfa {qnÞ³RKb;RKg} . RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgKμanqnÞ³RKb;RKg
eT skmμPaBRKb;RKgenaHminRtUv)ancat;TukfaCakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥aleT ehIyGñkRKb;RKgminGacTamTar
[sgvijnUvesah‘uyEdl)ancMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKgenaH CaGaT× eT . b:uEnþ skmμPaBmYyk¾GacRtUv)an
cat;TukfaCakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alpgEdr RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgmanTaMgqnÞ³RKb;RKg {edIm,IbuKÁldéT} nig
{edIm,IsamIxøÜn} . ]TahrN_ dUcCa RbsinebIRcaMgTenøTMngCaRtUv)ak;edaysarkarekIneLIgénTwkTenø ehIy
manGñkrs;enAEk,rdgTenøNamñak; cat;viFankarCabnÞan; edIm,ITb;kMu[RcaMg)ak; edIm,IkarBarminEmnEtpÞHxøÜnÉg
b:ueNÑaHeT KWedIm,IkarBarpÞHGñkCitxagEdr skmμPaBEbbenaHnwgRtUvcat;TukfaCakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al .
Baküfa {karRKb;RKg} EdleRbIenAkñúgkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al KWxusKñaBIeKalKMnitén {karRKb;RKg}
EdlRtUv)aneRbIenAkñúgEpñkdéTeToténRkmrdæb,evNI Rtg;cMNucfa Bakü {RKb;RKg} EdlRtUv)aneRbIkñúgkar
RKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaH rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgskmμPaBcat;EcgpgEdr . b:uEnþ karcat;EcgenHRtUvEteFVIeLIgtam
meFüa)aysmRsbbMputedIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn .
¬#¦ kfaxNÐTI 2 EcgGMBIkrNIykic©CamUldæanrbs;GñkRKb;RKgfa GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al mankrNIykic©
RKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñ kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit edIm,IRKb;RKgkic©kartamviFIEdlsmrmüCageK
edIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn . RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgmin)anbMeBjkrNIykic©RKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñ
kñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucriteT skmμPaBRKb;RKgenaHRtUvcat;Tukfa xusc,ab; ehIyGñkRKb;RKgRtUvTTYl
xusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUtxatEdlekIteLIgBIkarxkxanenaH .
krNIykic©RKb;RKgedayRbugRby½tñkñúgnamCaGñkRKb;RKgedaysucrit mann½yfa CakarRKb;RKgkic©kar
edaymankarykcitþTukdak;x<s; EdlGñkRbkbedayvicarNBaØaNnwgeFVI kñúgsßanPaBCak;lak;NamYy .
¬$¦ cMeBaHbBaðafa etIskmμPaBrbs;GñkRKb;RKgbeRmI b¤ minbRmI[plRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn CaeKalkarN_
RtUvvinicä½yedaysamIxøÜnpÞal; . ehtudUecñH kñúgkrNIEdlGñkRKb;RKg)andwg b¤ Gacdwg)annUvqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn
GñkRKb;RKgRtUvRKb;RKgkic©karedayeyagtamqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜnenaH . kfaxNÐTI 3 bBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH .
kñúgkrNIEdlGñkRKb;RKgminGacdwgqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜneT qnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜnenaH RtUv)anvinicä½yedayeyagtam
TsSn³TUeTAkñúgsgÁm edayKitBicarNanUvlkçN³énkic©kar kal³eTs³Cak;EsþgCuMvijskmμPaBRKb;RKg .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 697 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 677 maRta 679 nig maRta 6878 énRkmrdæb,evNI
GaløWm:g;/ maRta 419 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©énRbeTssIVs/ maRta 825 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa
maRta 730>- karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alkñúgPaBbnÞan;

164
RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al )aneFVIkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al edIm,I
eCosvageRKaHfñak; enAkñúgsPaBbnÞan; cMeBaHrUbkaysamIxøÜn kitþiys b¤ RTBü
sm,tþi luHRtaEtKμanKMnitTuc©rit b¤ kMhusF¶n;F¶r Etb:ueNÑaHeT eTIbGñkRKb;RKg
edayQWq¥al BMumankarTTYlxusRtUvelIsMNgénkarxUcxat EdlekIteLIgeday
sarkarRKb;RKgenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
RbsinebIplRbeyaCn_tampøÚvc,ab;rbs;GñkdéT EdlmandUcCa CIvit b¤ RTBüsm,tþi CaedIm sßitkñúg
sßanPaBeRKaHfñak; skmμPaBedIm,IseRgÁaHplRbeyaCn_Rsbc,ab;TaMgGs;enaH minEmnRKan;EtKYrEtTTYlsÁal;
fa Rsbc,ab;b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþ KYrEtRtUv)anKaMRTy:agskmμpgEdr BITsSn³énkarCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk .
ehtudUecñH cMeBaHskmμPaBRKb;RKgkñúgkrNIEdlmansßanPaBbnÞan; maRtaenHbnßynUvkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñ
rbs;GñkRKb;RKgticCagkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alkñúgkrNIFmμta ehIyEcgfa GñkRKb;RKgminmankarTTYl
xusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgkarxUtxateTAsamIxøÜneLIy cMeBaHral;karxUtxatTaMgLayNaEdlbgáeLIgeday
skmμPaBRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alkñúgPaBbnÞan; elIkElgEtGñkRKb;RKgenaHmanKMnitTuc©rit b¤ kMhusF¶n;F¶r .
müa:geTot sßanPaBbnÞan;k¾RtUvKitBicarNadak;cUlCaktþasRmab;kat;bnßynUvkrNIykic©RbugRby½tñrbs;Gñk
RKb;RKgEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 698 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 680 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1374 énRkm
rdæb,evNI)araMg/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 420 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©énRbeTssVIs
maRta 731>- krNIykic©CUndMNwgrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al

GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al RtUvCUndMNwgGMBIkar)ancab;epþImkarRKb;RKg
edayQWq¥aleTA[samIxøÜn edayKμankaryWty:av . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlsamIxøÜn
)andwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgenaHehIy karCUndMNwgenHBMucaM)ac;eLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ CaTUeTA enAeBlNaEdlkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alcab;epþIm samIxøÜneRcInEtmindwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgeday
QWq¥alenaHeT . eTaHbICakarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenH KWCakarCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkrvagGñkCitxagk¾eday
165
k¾vaenAEtCakareRCotERCkcUleTAkñúgkic©karrbs;GñkdéTEdr ehtudUecñH tameKalkarN_s½VyPaBénbuKÁl
ÉkCn KYrEtsamIxøÜncUlrYmenAkñúgkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaH[)anqab;taMgBIdMbUgtamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an .
edaysarmUlehtuenH maRtaenHkMNt;GM;BIkrNIykic©rbs;GñkRKb;RKg kñúgkarCUndMNwgGMBIkarcab;epþIm
karRKb;RKgenaH eTAsamIxøÜn edayKμankaryWty:av . b:uEnþ RbsinebIminsÁal;samIxøÜneT GñkRKb;RKgmincaM)ac;
eFVIkarCUndMNwgeT edaysarEtGñkRKb;RKgminGaceFVIkarCUndMNwgeTAsamIxøÜn)aneLIy .
¬@¦ PaByWty:av b¤ minyWty:avénkarCUndMNwg RtUvvinicä½yeTAtamlkçN³énkarRKb;RKgkic©karenaH .
RbsinebIkic©karEdlRtUv)anRKb;RKgenaH KWCakic©karEtmYydg GñkRKb;RKghak;dUcCamincaM)ac;eFVIkarCUndMNwg
eT . b:uEnþ edaysarbBaØtþisþIBIGaNtþiRtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr GñkRKb;RKgmankrNIykic©raykarN_
enAcugbBa©b; GñkRKb;RKgRtUvEtCUndMNwg ¬raykarN_¦ eTAsamIxøÜn eTaHbICakic©karRKb;RKgCakic©karEt
mYydgk¾eday .
¬#¦ edaysarkarCUndMNwgEdl)anEcgenAkñúgmaRtaenH maneKalbMNgbBa¢ak;fa etIsamIxøÜnyl;RBm b¤ min
yl;RBmcMeBaH karRKb;RKgkic©kar GñkRKb;RKgRtUvrg;caMkarcg¥úlbgðajBIsamIxøÜn elIkElgEtkñúgsßanPaB
Biess Edlkarrg;caMniwgbgánUvkarxUcxatdl;plRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn . b:uEnþ rhUtTal;Etmankarcg¥úl
bgðajBIsamIxøÜneTAcMeBaHGñkRKb;RKg GñkRKb;RKgenAEtbnþkarRKb;RKgEdlRsbeTAnwgqnÞ³EdlGacyl;)an
rbs;samIxøÜn b¤ RbsinebIminGacRbmaNyl;)anGMBIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜneT GñkRKb;RKgRtUvbnþkarRKb;RKg[
)anRsbnwgplRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 699 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 681 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløwm:g;
maRta 732>- krNIykic©bnþkarRKb;RKgrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al

GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al RtUvbnþkarRKb;RKgenaH rhUtdl;eBlEdlsamI
xøÜn snþtiCn b¤ GñktMNagEdlc,ab;)ankMNt; rbs;samIxøÜnenaH GaceFVIkar
RKb;RKg)an . b:uEnþ RbsinebIkarbnþkarRKb;RKgenaH pÞúynwgqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn b¤
RbsinebIc,as;fanwgeFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_samIxøÜn RtUvbBa©b;karRKb;RKgenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦maRtaenHkMNt;fa GñkRKb;RKgEdl)ancab;epþImkarRKb;RKg RtUvbnþkarRKb;RKgenaHrhUtdl;eBlNamYy .
RbsinebIkic©karEdlRtUv)anRKb;RKgenaH Cakic©karEdlRtUveFVIEtmYydg enaHnwgminmanbBaðaGVIekIteLIgeT
166
edaysarkarRKb;RKgenaH RtUvcb;enAeBlEdlGñkRKb;RKgbMeBjkic©karRKb;RKgcb;sBVRKb; . b:uEnþ RbsinebI
kic©karTamTar[mankarRKb;RKgCabnþ ehIyGMLúgeBlEdlRtUveFVIkarRKb;RKgenaH min)ankMNt;Cak;lak;
eTenaH bBaðanwgekIteLIgfa etIGñkRKb;RKgRtUvbnþRKb;RKgrhUtdl;eBlNa . edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaenH maRta
enHEcgfa GñkRKb;RKgRtUvbnþkarRKb;RKgrhUtdl;manehtuCak;lak;NamYyekIteLIg .
¬@¦ GñkRKb;RKgmankrNIykic©bnþeFVIkarRKb;RKgrhUtdl;eBlEdlsamIxøÜn snþtiCn b¤ GñktMNagEdlc,ab;
)ankMNt; GacRbugeRbobedIm,IeFVIkarRKb;RKgedayxøÜnÉg)an . RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgcab;epþImeFVIkarRKb;RKg
edayQWq¥al ehIye)aHbg;ecalBak;kNþalTI GMeBIrebobenHnwgbgá[mankarxUcxatminRtwmRtUvdl;samIxøÜn
Cajwkjab; . edaysarEtehtuplenHehIy CaeKalkarN_ GñkRKb;RKgminRtUv)anGnuBaØat[bBaÄb;
karRKb;RKgedaykarseRmccitþrbs;xøÜnÉgEtmçagenaHeT . b:uEnþ RbsinebImanPaBc,as;las;fa karRKb;RKg
edayQWq¥alenaH pÞúynwgqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn b¤ eFVI[xUcplRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn karbnþkarRKb;RKg
minRtUv)anGnuBaØt edayeyagtamsμartIéneKalKMnitedIménkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥aldUcmanEcgkñúg kfaxNÐ
TI 2 nig kfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 729 ehtudUecñH GñkRKb;RKgRtUvbBaÄb;karRKb;RKg eTaHbICasamIxøÜn CaGaT×
minTan;)anRbugeRbobedIm,IeFVIkarRKb;RKgk¾eday . vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH eFVIkarbBa¢ak;[c,as;eLIgvij
nUveKalKMnitenH .
¬#¦ maRtaenHminmanbBaØtþiEcgfa etIkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alRtUvbBa©b;Edr b¤ y:agNaenaHeT enAeBlEdl
GñkRKb;RKgTTYlmrNPaB . eTaHbICamanlT§PaBkñúgkarbkRsayfa snþtiCnrbs;GñkRKb;RKg RtUvTTYl
snþtikmμnUvkrNIykic©bnþRKb;RKgkic©kark¾eday k¾snþtiCnenaHGacnwgminmansmtßPaBRKb;RKg)anRtwmRtUv
Edr ]TahrN_dUcCakrNIEdlsnþtiCnrs;enAq¶ay CaedIm . edaysarEtsuqnÞ³rbs;GñkRKb;RKg mansar³
sMxan; cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al ehIyedaysarEtmrNPaBrbs;GaNtiþKahk k¾CamUlehtumYy
énkarbBa©b;GaNtþi ¬maRta 649¦ vaRbEhlCasmrmükñúgkarbkRsayfa karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al
RtUvbBa©b;enAeBlEdlGñkRKb;RKgTTYlmrNPaB . b:uEnþ bBaðaenHTuk[tulakarseRmcfa etIRtUvRbkan;yk
karbkRsaymYyNaenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 825 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 700 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta
1372 én Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 733>- karykbBaØtþiénGaNtþimkGnuvtþdUcKña
167
bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 641 ¬krNIykic©raykarN_ rbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ rhUt
dl;maRta 643 ¬krNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;GaNtþiKahkEdl)an
eRbIR)ak;¦ énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr enAkñúgkarRKb;RKgedayQW
q¥al .
¬kMNt;¦
eTaHbICakarRKb;RKgedayQWWq¥alminRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayEp¥kelIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜnk¾eday k¾vaRsedogKña
nwgkic©snüaGaNtþiEdr Rtg;cMNucfa tamry³kic©snüaGaNtþi GaNtþiKahkeFVIkarcat;Ecgkic©karrbs;
GaNtþiTayk ÉtamkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GñkRKb;RKgeFVIkarcat;Ecgkic©karedayqnÞanusiT§irbs;xøÜnedIm,I
plRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn . dUecñH vaTMngCasmrmüEdlGñkRKb;RKgRtUvTTYlbnÞúknUvkrNIykic© dUcKñanwg
krNIykic©EdlGaNtþiKahkRtUvTTYlbnÞúk . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHEcgfa bBaØtþicab;BImaRta 641
¬krNIykic©raykarN_rbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ dl;maRta 643 ¬krNIykic©sgsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;
GaNtþiKahkEdl)aneRbIR)ak;¦ RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 701 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 1372 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 681
maRta 734>- siT§iTamTarsgesah‘uyvijrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al

1-RbsinebI)anecjcMNayCacaM)ac;sRmab;karRKb;RKg nig EfrkSavtßú b¤
cMNaybegáIntémø edIm,IsamIxøÜn GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alGacTamTar cMeBaHsamI
xøÜn[sgvij)an .
2-bBaØtþikfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 646 ¬siT§iTamTar[sgmkvij CaGaT× nUv
esah‘uyrbs;GaNtþiKahk¦ énRkmenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþdUcKñapgEdr RbsinebI
GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al )anTTYlbnÞúkkatBVkic©EdlCaesah‘uyEdl)anbegáIn
témø edIm,IsamIxøÜn .
168
3-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH RtUvykmkGnuvtþ RtwmEt
kRmiténplRbeyaCn_EdlsamIxøÜn)anTTYlCak;Esþg RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgeday
QWq¥al )aneFVIkarRKb;RKgpÞúyBIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ GtßRbeyaCn_kñúgkarTTYlsÁal;karbegáItskmμPaBRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al manenARtg;cMNucfa RbsinebI
skmμPaBRKb;RKgmYyrbs;GñkRKb;RKgRtUv)ancat;TukfaCaRsbc,ab; krNIykic©mYycMnYnnwgekIteLIgcMeBaH
samIxøÜn edaysarEtskmμPaBRsbc,ab;rbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al . kñúgcMeNamkrNIykic©EdlekIteLIg
cMeBaHsamIxøÜn krNIykic©mYyEdlTTYlsÁal;)anedayminmanmnÞil KWkrNIykic©sgnUvesah‘uyEdl)an
cMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKg . ebIniyayBITsSn³énGñkRKb;RKgvij vaKWCasiT§iTamTar[sgnUvesah‘uy .
edaysarEtkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥albeRmI[plRbeyaCn_rbs;samIxøÜn y:agehacNas; samIxøÜnRtUv
TTYlbnÞúknUvesah‘uyEdl)ancMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKgEdr . vasmehtusmplEdleyIgKitEbbdUecñHfa
{TINamanplRbeyaCn_ TIenaHmanbnÞúknUvesah‘uy} . kfaxNÐTI 1 kMNt;c,as;las;GMBIbBaðaenH .
¬@¦ RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgTTYlbnÞúknUvkatBVkic© kñúgkarRbtibtþinUvkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al vamanlkçN³
gayRsYlEdlGñkRKb;RKgGacminRtwmEtGnuvtþkatBVkic© nig TamTar[samIxøÜnsgesah‘uymkvij eday
eyagtamkfaxNÐTI 1 b:uEnþ GacTamTar[samIxøÜnGnuvtþkatBVkic©CMnYsGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alEdrenaH .
karGnuvtþrebobenHnwgkat;bnßynUvhaniP½yrbs;GñkRKb;RKgpgEdr . edayKitdl;bBaðaenHehIy eTIbeyIg
begáIt[mankfaxNÐTI 2 eLIg .
¬#¦ vaTamTar[mankarKitBicarNabEnßmedIm,IkMNt;fa karxUcxatEdlGñkRKb;RKgTTYlrg enAeBlRbtibtþi
karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al KYrRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlenAkñúgesah‘uyEdl)ancMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKgEdr b¤eT .
dUckfaxNÐTI 3 énmaRta 646 EdlBak;B½n§nwgGaNtþiEdr vaGacRtUv)anbkRsayfa GñkRKb;RKgGac
TamTarnUvsMNgkarxUcxatBIsamIxøÜn cMeBaHkarxUcxatTaMgLayNaEdlGñkRKb;RKgTTYlrgedayKμankMhus .
b:uEnþ eyIgk¾GacKit)anEdrfa GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alminmansiT§iTamTarsMNgkarxUcxatBIsamIxøÜneT
BIeRBaHGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al EdleFVIkic©kar minEmnedayEp¥kelIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜn minKYrRtUv)ancat;Ecg
dUcKñanwgGaNtþiKahkEdleFVIkic©kar edayEp¥kelIkic©snüaGaNtþiEdleFVICamYysamIxøÜn ¬GaNtþiTayk¦
enaHeT .
CaTUeTA edaysarEtmankrNIeRcInRbePTEdlGñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alTTYlrgnUvkarxUcxat enAeBl
GnuvtþkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al vahak;dUcCamanPaBsmrmüEdlfa karseRmcfa etIkarxUcxatRtUvdak;bBa©Úl
169
eTAkñúgesah‘uyEdl)ancMNaysRmab;karRKb;RKgEdr b¤y:agNaenaH RtUvTuk[tulakarvinicä½y edayEp¥keTA
tamsßanPaBCak;lak;nImYy² . RbsinebIbuKÁlNamñak;)anCYyGñkEdllg;Twk ehIysemøókbMBak;rbs;xøÜn
RbLak;kxVk; karxUcxatenaHRtUv)anbgáeLIgCaFmμta enAkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al ehtudUecñH
karxUcxatenaHRtUvrab;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgesah‘uy . b:uEnþ RbsinebIbuKÁlenaH eTAb:HTgÁicCamYynwgeQIGENþtTwk
ehIymanrbYs karxUcxatenaH)anekIteLIgedayeRKaHfñak;écdnünaGMLúgeBlCYyse®gÁaH ehtudUecñH
vaenAmankarCECkedjedalKñafa etIrbYssñamedayeRKaHfñak;éfdnünaGMLúgeBlCYyse®gÁaHenaH KYrdak;
bBa©Úlkñúgesah‘uyEdr b¤eT . eyIgGacniyay)anfa bBaðaTaMgenHnwgekIteLIgpgEdrenAkñúgkrNIénGaNtþi
BIeRBaHfa karBinitüemIlRsedogKñaenHnwgRtUveFVIeLIgenAeBleFVIkarvinicä½yfa etIGaNtþiKahkTTYlrgnUvkar
xUcxat {edIm,Icat;Ecgkic©karGaNtþi{ b¤eT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 826 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 702 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 683 nig maRta
684 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1375 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
maRta 735>- siT§iTamTarkéRmrbs;GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al

kñúgkrNIEdlkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaHrYmbBa©ÚlenAkñúgviC¢aCIv³ b¤ GaCIv-
kmμrbs;GñkRKb;RKg cMeBaHkic©karEdlenAEteFVIbnþ eRkayeBlEdlsamIxøÜn)an
dwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaHrYcehIy GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GacTamTar
kéRmEdlRtUvbg;CaTUeTA cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ cMeBaHbBaðafa etIRtUvpþl;kéRmdl;karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al b¤ya:gNa GacmanmtiepSg²Kña)anEdr .
b:uEnþ karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al RtUv)aneFVIeLIg tamsuqnÞ³rbs;GñkRKb;RKg dUcCa samKÁIPaBrvagKña
karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkrvagGñkCitxag CaGaT× ehIyk¾RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayminEp¥kelIqnÞ³rbs;samIxøÜneT
ehtudUecñH karRKb;RKgenaH KYrEtRtUv)ancat;TukfaCaskmμPaBeday\tykkéRm ehIysiT§iTamTarkéRm
rbs;GñkRKb;RKg CaeKalkarN_ KYrEtRtUv)anbdiesF .
¬@¦ b:uEnþ ebIeyageTAtamyutþisa®sþ nig TsSn³rYmrbs;RbeTs)araMg nig TsSn³rYmrbs;RbeTsGaløWm:g nig
RbeTsCb:un RbsinebIskmμPaBRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alrbs;GñkRKb;RKg RtUv)andak;bBa©ÚlkñúgviC¢aCIv³ b¤
GaCIvkmμrbs;GñkRKb;RKg GñkRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al GacTamTarnUvkéRmEdlnwgRtUv)anbg;cMeBaHviC¢aCIv³ b¤
170
GaCIvkmμrbs;xøÜn . edayeyageTAelITsSn³enH maRtaenHEcgfa samIxøÜnmankrNIykic©bg;kéRmEdl
RtUvbg;CaTUeTA cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgedayQWq¥al EdlRbtibtþiedayGñkRKb;RKg enAeRkayeBlEdlsamIxøÜn
)andwgfa karRKb;RKgedayQWq¥alRtUveFVIeLIgedayGñkRKb;RKgEdlRbkbviC¢aCIv³ b¤ GaCIvkmμRKb;RKg .
enAeRkayeBlEdlsamIxøÜn)andwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgenH vaminmanbBaðaGVIekIteLIgeT kñúgkartRmUv[samIxøÜnman
krNIykic©bg;kéRm BIeRBaHskmμPaBRKb;RKg GacRtUv)ancat;Tukfa RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayEp¥kelIqnÞ³rbs;
samIxøÜn . cMeBaHbBaðafa etIsamIxøÜnmankrNIykiic©bg;kéRm enAmuneBlxøÜn)andwgGMBIkarRKb;RKgeday
QWq¥alRbePTenaHEdr b¤y:agNa KYrrg;caM[manyutþisa®sþnaGnaKt .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 826 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 702 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 683 nig maRta
684 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 1375 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg
CMBUkTI 15 esckþIceRmIneday\tehtu
maRta 736>- l½kçx½NÐ nig GanuPaBénesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu

1-eTaHbICaKμanmUlehtuelIpøÚvc,ab;k¾eday buKÁlEdl)anTTYlpl
RbeyaCn_edaysarRTBüsm,tþi b¤ Blkmμrbs;GñkdéT ehIyeFVI[ekItmankar)at;
bg;plRbeyaCn_dl;GñkdéT edaysarkarTTYlenaH mankrNIykic©RtUvsgpl
RbeyaCn_enaH RtwmkRmitEdlplRbeyaCn_enaHman .
2-enAkñúgkrNIEdl)anTTYlkarpþl;tavkalikBIGñkdéT edayeyaltam
kic©snüa RbsinebIkic©snüaenaHBMumanGanuPaB b¤ RtUv)an)at;bg;GanuPaB buKÁl
Edl)anTTYlkarpþl;tavkalikenaH mankrNIykic©RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_ Edl
xøÜnTTYl)anedaysarkarpþl;tavkalikenaH [eTAGñkdéTEdl)anpþl;tavkalik
enaHvij dUcKñanwgbBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenHEdr .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ karBiPakSad¾skmμsþIBIesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu kMBugEtbnþeFVIeLIgenAbNþaRbeTsnImYy² . CaBiess
manRbeTsCaeRcIn kMBugEtcab;epþImTTYlsÁal;fa vaBitCamansar³sMxan;kñúgkareFVIkarcat;RbePTesckþIceRmIn
eday\tehtu nig eFVIkarBicarNaedayeyageTAtamkarEbgEckenaH . enAeBlRbeTsNamYybegáItnUvviFan
171
nanasþIBIesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu RbeTsenaHnwgRbQmmuxCamYynwgbBaðasþIBIrebobEdlRtUvRbkan;yk KW
bBaðafa RtUvGnum½tnUvviFansRmab;RbePTénesckþIceRmIneday\tehtunImYy² b¤ RtUvGnum½tnUvviFanTUeTA
ehIyedayEp¥kelIviFanTUeTAenH begáItnUvviFanCak;lak;tamyutþisaRsþ . eyIg)anseRmcykviFITIBIrenH
sRmab;Rkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCa BIeRBaHeTaHbICaeKniyayfa vacaM)ac;edIm,IeFVIkarEbgEckRbePTesckþIceRmIn
eday\tehtuk¾eday k¾TsSn³sþIBIRbePTEdlRtUvbegáItenaHxusKñaBIRbeTsmYyeTARbeTsmYyEdr . ehtupl
mYyeTotEdleyIgsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkarseRmcykviFITImYy KWedaysarEtRkmrdæb,evNIenH minTTYlyknUvrbb
ÉkraCüPaBénskmμPaBTak;TgnwgsiT§iRbtükS nig PaBKμanTMnak;TMngKñarvagmUlehtu nig lT§plén
skmμPaBTak;TgnwgsiT§iRbtükSeT .
¬@¦ BITsSn³énsmPaB kfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa RbsinebIbuKÁlNamYyTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_ edayKμan
mUlehtuKtiyutþ kñúgxN³eBlEdlbuKÁlmçageTotTTYlrgnUvkar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_EdlCamUlehtuénkar
TTYlRbeyaCn_edaybuKÁlmçageTotenaH GñkTTYlrgnUvkar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_enaH mansiT§iTamTar[sgmk
vijnUvplRbeyaCn_BIGñkTTYlenaH . bBaðafa etI {plRbeyaCn_} )anekIteLIgEdr b¤y:agNa etI {kar)at;bg;
plRbeyaCn_} RtUv)anTTYlrgEdr b¤y:agNa nig fa etImanTMnak;TMngehtuplrvag {plRbeyaCn_} nig
{kar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_} Edr b¤y:agNa nwgRtUv)anvinicä½yedayeyageTAtamsßanPaBCak;lak;nImYy² .
¬#¦ TMhMén {plRbeyaCn_} EdlRtUvsgeTAvijedaybuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_enaH RtUv)ankRmitenA
kñúgTMhMén {kar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_} . Cajwkjab; buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ EtgEtbriePaKpl
RbeyaCn_enaH . RbsinebIbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ RtUv)anbgÁab;[sgplRbeyaCn_eRkayeBl
briePaK buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_GacTTYlrgnUvkarxUcxatedaymin)anBüakrTukCamun . ehtudUecñH
GVIEdlRtUvsgeTAvijenaH RtUv)ankRmitRtwm {plRbeyaCn_Edlman} . b:uEnþ edaysarEtminsUvman
PaBcaM)ac;eRcInkñúgkarkarBarbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_edayTuc©rit dUc)anEcgkñúgmaRta 737 maRta
enHRtUvykmkGnuvtþEtcMeBaHbuKÁlNaEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_edaysucritb:ueNÑaH .
¬$¦ cMeBaHbBaðafa etIplRbeyaCn_ {man} b¤ {Kμan} KWGaRs½yeTAelIkarvinicä½yrbs;tulakar . b:uEnþ RbsinebI
{plRbeyaCn_} CaR)ak;vij karvinicä½yEdlseRmcfa {man} nwgmanPaBTUlMTUlay edaysarlkçN³énsiT§i
Edlmantémø b¤ PaBGrUbIénR)ak; . ]TahrN_ RbsinebIbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlR)ak;CaplRbeyaCn_ )aneRbIR)as;
R)ak;enaH sRmab;cMNaykñúgCIvPaBrs;enA buKÁlenaHsnSMR)ak;BIR)ak;EdlRtUvcMNaysRmab;karpÁt;pÁg;RKYsar
ehtudUecñH {plRbeyaCn_} enAEtmanCaR)ak;Edl)ansnSMTuk .
¬%¦ kfaxNÐTI 2 Ecgfa viFansþIBIesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu RtUvykmkGnuvtþ cMeBaHkrNIEdlkic©snüa
køayCaemaX³ b¤ )at;bg;GanuPaBedaysarkarlubecal b¤ karrMlay . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIenH RbsinebI
172
manviFanBiesscMeBaHkic©snüaKYrGnuvtþ karGnuvtþviFanBiessenaHRtUvcat;Tukfa RsbeTAtamqnÞ³rbs;PaKI nig
naMmknUvlT§plEdlRbkbedayPaBRtwmRtUv . bBaðafa etIkrNInImYy²sßitkñúgkrNIEbbenH b¤ y:agNaenaH
RtUv)anTuk[tulakareFVIkarvinicä½y .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 821 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 703 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1376 nig
maRta 1377 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 812 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 737>- krNIykic©sgrbs;GñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_edayKMnitTuc©rit

1-buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ dUc)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 736
¬l½kçx½NÐ nig GanuPaBénesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu¦ xagelIenH kñúgkrNIEdl
)andwgfaKμanmUlehtuelIpøÚvc,ab; b¤ dwgfakic©snüaenaHBMumanGanuPaB buKÁl
Edl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ mankrNIykic©RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_EdlmanenA
eBlEdl)andwg nig karR)ak; Kitcab;BIeBlEdl)andwg rhUtdl;eBlsg .
2-ebIbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ manectna b¤ kMhus cMeBaH
GanuPaBénkic©snüaEdlRtUv)an)at;bg; buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_enaH
mankrNIykic©RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_enaH edayP¢ab;CamYynwgkarR)ak; dUcKñanwg
bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenHEdr .
3-ebIbuKÁlEdlRtUv)an)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_ TTYlkarxUcxat dUc)an
kMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 nig TI 2 xagelIenH buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_
RtUvTTYlxusRtUvelIsMNgénkarxUcxatenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ RbsinebIbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_)andwgfa plRbeyaCn_enaHKμanmUlehtuKtiyutþeT buKÁlenaH
GacRtUv)anniyay)anfa )andwgfaplRbeyaCn_enaHCarbs;buKÁldéT . ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa
enAkñúgkrNIEbbenH buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_EdlmanenAeBlEdlxøÜn)andwgBI
karN_enaH CamYyKñanwgkarR)ak;Edl)anmkBIplRbeyaCn_enaH . PaBRtwmRtUvénkarGnuvtþEbbenH KWc,as;
las;dUc)anBnül;GMBImaRta 747 ehIy . cUrkt;smÁal;fa eTaHbICabuKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_enaH
173
min)andwgGMBIkarN_enaHBIdMbUg ¬sucrit¦ k¾eday RbsinebIbuKÁlenaHkøayeTACaTuc©ritvijenAeBleRkay
k¾maRtaenHRtUvykmkGnuvtþEdr . cMNucenH xusKñaBIkarGnuvtþtamRkmrdæb,evNICb:un .
¬@¦ RbsinebIkic©snüaRtUv)anlubecaledaysarkarqe)ak eKGacniyay)anfa Cnqe)akenaH )andwgfa
plRbeyaCn_EdlxøÜnTTYl)an nwgKμanmUlehtuKtiyutþ edaysarkarlubecalnaGnaKt . kñúgkrNIenH
Cnqe)akGacRtUv)ancat;Tukfa )andwgfa xøÜnKμanmUlehtuKtiyutþkñúgkarTTYlRbeyaCn_eT . kfaxNÐTI 2
bBa¢ak;c,as;las;GMBIbBaðaenH . karcat;EcgEbbenHKYreFVIeLIg minRKan;EtkñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁlEdl)anTTYl
plRbeyaCn¾ manectnab:ueNÑaHeT RBmTaMgkrNIEdlbuKÁlenaHmankMhusEdr ehtudUecñH kfaxNÐTI 2
RtUvykmkGnuvtþ minEmnEtcMeBaHkrNIEdlbuKÁl)anTTYlRbeyaCn_edayectnab:ueNÑaHeT RBmTaMgcMeBaH
krNIEdlbuKÁl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_edaymankMhuspgEdr .
¬#¦ kfaxNÐTI 3 Ecgfa RbsinebIbuKÁlEdlbgá[mankar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_ k¾TTYlrgnUvkarxUcxatEdr
buKÁlEdl)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_Edl)andwg b¤ KYrGacdwg)anfa plRbeyaCn_enaHKμanmUlehtuKtiyutþ
RtUvsgkarxUcxatenaH . kfaxNÐTI 3 TTYlsÁal;nUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_ cMeBaHsMNg
énkarxUcxat eRkameKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvedaykMhus .
cMeBaHkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsMNgénkarxUcxatenH vaenAEtmankarCECkedjedalKñafa etIRtUvTTYl
sÁal;CaBiesstambBaØtþisþIBIesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu edIm,IFana[)annUvPaByutþiFm’ b¤ KYrRtUvTTYlsÁal;
tambBaØtþisþIBIGMeBIGnItüanukUl ¬karkMNt;kñúgmaRtaenHedIm,ICakarbBa¢ak;bEnßmcMeBaHkrNIenH¦ . edaysar
EtbBaðaenHRtUvedaHRsayeTAtamkarvivtþénviFansþIBkI arTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUl nig karTTYl
xusRtUvcMeBaHkarminGnuvtþkatBVkic© eyIgminBüayamEsVgrkcemøIyeT edayTuk[tulakar nig RTwsþInItisa®sþ
naeBlGnaKteFVIkarbkRsay .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 823 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 704 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1378 énRkm
rdæb,evNI)araMg/ kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 819 nig kfaxNÐTI 4 maRta 818 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 738>- karsgedayKμankatBVkic©

buKÁlEdl)ansgkatBVkic©EdlxøÜnKμan GacTamTar[sgtavkalikén
karsgenaH mkvij)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdldwgfa KμankatBVkic©enAeBlsg
enaHeT buKÁlEdl)ansg minGacTamTar[sgtavkalikénkarsgenaH mkvij
)aneLIy .
174
¬kMNt;¦
RbsinebIbuKÁlNamñak;EdlKμankatBVkic© )ansgkatBVkic©enaH buKÁlenaHGacRtUv)ancat;Tukfa )anrgnUv
kar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_ . pÞúyeTAvij RbsinebIbuKÁlNamñak;EdlKμansiT§ielIbMNul )anTTYlkarsgcMeBaH
siT§ielIbMNulenaH buKÁlenaHGacRtUv)ancat;Tukfa )anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ edayKμanmUlehtuKtiyutþ .
ehtudUecñH vaküxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgfa CaeKalkarN_ krNIEbbenHbegáIt[mannUvesckþIceRmIneday
\tehtu ehIybuKÁlEdl)anTTYlrgnUvkar)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_ GacTamTar[sgvijnUvtavkalikEdlRtUv)an
pþl;Cakarsg . b:uEnþ RbsinebIbuKÁlmñak;sgkatBVkic©edaydwgGMBIntßiPaBénkatBVkic©enaH skmμPaBrbs;
buKÁlenaH KWCaskmμPaBminsmehtupl kñúgn½yesdækic©TIpSar ehIymincaM)ac;RtUv)ankarBaredayc,ab;eT .
vaküxNÐTI 2 énmaRtaenH bBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH ehIyEcgfa tulakarnwgminKaMRTkarTamTar[sg
edaybuKÁlEdl)ansg edaydwgfa xøÜnminmankatBVkic© .
müa:geTot maRtaenHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeT cMeBaHkrNIEdlkarsgedayttiyCn ¬EdlttiyCnEdl
KμankatBVkic© sgkatBVkic©rbs;kUnbMNul¦ RtUv)aneFVIedaymansuBlPaB . kñúgkrNIenH m©as;bMNulman
siT§ielIbMNul dUecñH karTTYlkarsgBIttiyCnedaym©as;bMNul minGaccat;Tukfa m©as;bMNul)anTTYl
plRbeyaCn_edayKμanmUlehtuKtiyutþenaHeT .
elIsBIenHeTAeTot maRta 740 ¬karsgkatBVkic©rbs;GñkdéT¦ RtUvykmkGnuvtþ cMeBaHkrNIEdlbuKÁl
EdlminEmnCakUnbMNul )ansgkatBVkic© edayKitfa katBVkic©enaHCakatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn . dUecñH KYrykcitþ
Tukdak;elIkarkRmitcMeBaHkarbegáItesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 819 énRkmrdæb,evNIcas;rbs;km<úCa/ maRta 705 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1235 maRta
1376 nig maRta 1377 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 814 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 739>- karsgenAmunkMNt;eBl

kñúgkrNIEdl)anpþl;tavkalikénkarsg cMeBaHkatBVkic©EdlminTan;dl;
kMNt;eBlsgenAeLIy kUnbMNulBMuGacTamTar[sgtavkalikEdlRtUv)an
pþl;enaH mkvij)aneLIy . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlkUnbMNul)ansg edayBMu)an
dwgGMBIkMNt;eBlsgEdlminTan;mkdl;enAeLIy m©as;bMNulmankrNIykic©
RtUvsgplRbeyaCn_ Edl)anTTYledaysarkarsgenAmunkMNt;eBlenaH .
175
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ eTaHbICakUnbMNulmincaM)ac;sgkatBVkic©rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsgk¾eday k¾kUnbMNulGacsgkatBVkic©
edaye)aHbg;plRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBl)anEdr . ehtudUecñH CaeKalkarN_ ebIeTaHbICakUnbMNulsg
katBVkic©muneBlkMNt;k¾eday k¾kUnbMNulminRtUv)anGnuBaØat[TamTarkarsgtavkalikeLIy . vaküxNÐTI
1 énmaRtaenHbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlkUnbMNulsgkatBVkic© edaymin)andwgfa eBlkMNt;
minTan;mkdl;enAeLIy enaHkUnbMNul)ane)aHbg;ecalplRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBledaymindwgxøÜn ehIy
m©as;bMNulTTYlplRbeyaCn_eTAtamkare)aHbg;plRbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;eBlenaH . ehtudUecñH vaküxNÐTI
2 énmaRtaenH Ecgfa kñgú krNIEdlkUnbMNul)ansgkatBVkci © edaymin)andwgfa katBVkci ©mni Tan;dl;eBl
kMNt;sgenAeLIy kUnbMNulGacTamTar[sgplRbeyaCn_Edlm©as;bMNulGaceRbIR)as;tavkalikEdlxøÜn
)anTTYlmuneBlkMNt;sg rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;sg ¬plRbeyaCn_kñúgcenøaHeBl¦ BIm©as;bMNul)an .
¬@¦ karcat;EcgcMeBaHkarR)ak;EdlbgÁr rhUtdl;eBlkMNt;RtUvsg kñúgkrNIénkarsgnAmuneBlkMNt; KWCa
bBaðaEdlBak;B½n§nwgmaRtaenH . sUmemIlesckþIkMNt;EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkare)aHbg;RbeyaCn_énkarkMNt;
eBl .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 706 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1185 nig maRta 1186 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta
813 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 740>- karsgkatBVkic©rbs;GñkdéT

1-kñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁleRkABIkUnbMNul )anpþl;tavkalikénkarsg eday
Pan;RcLMGMBIkatBVkic©rbs;GñkdéTfaCakatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn GacTamTar[sgtavkalik
enaH mkvij)an . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlm©as;bMNulBMu)andwgfa karpþl;tavkalik
enaH bNþalmkBIkarPan;RcLMrbs;buKÁlEdl)anpþl;tavkalikénkarsgenaHeT
ehIy)anbMpaø jlixti layl½kN ç G_ kSrEdlbBa¢ak;GBM GI tßPi aBénsiTei§ lIbMNl
u b¤
)ane)aHbg;R)atiePaKecal eday)aneCOCak;faCakarsgEdlmansuBlPaB
buKÁlEdl)anpþl;tavkalikenaH minGacTamTar[sgtavkalikenaH mkvij)an
eLIy .
176
2-bBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH minraraMgkarGnuvtþsiT§iTamTarsMNg
rbs;buKÁlEdl)anpþl;tavkalikénkarsg cMeBaHkUnbMNuleLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
¬!¦ zan³rbs;buKÁlEdlsgkatBVkic©rbs;GñkdéT edayPan;RcLMfaCakatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn manPaBRsedogKña
nwgzan³rbs;buKÁlEdlKμankatBVkic© EtsgkatBVkic©edayPan;RcLMfa xøÜnmankatBVkic© dUc)anEcgkñúg
vaküxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 738 Edr . ehtudUecñH vaküxNÐTI 1 kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRtaenHEcgdUcnwgvaküxNÐTI
1 énmaRta 738 fa buKÁlEdl)ansgkatBVkic©GacTamTar[sgnUvtavkalikEdl)anpþl;Cakarsg . b:uEnþ
RbsinebIm©as;bMNulEdlTTYlnUvkarsgmin)andwgfa karpþl;tavkalikenaHeFVIeLIgedaykarPan;RcLMrbs;
Gñksg Cajwkjab;Nas; m©as;bMNulEdleCOCak;fa xøÜn)anTTYlkarsgEdlmansuBlPaB ehIybMpøajecal
nUvlixitEdlbBa¢ak;BIGtßiPaBénsiT§ielIbMNul dUcCab½NÑbMNul CaGaT× b¤ e)aHbg;R)atiePaKecal . kñúg
krNIenH RbsinebIkarTamTar[sgvijnUvkatBVkic©rbs;Gkñ sgRtUv)anGnuBaØat enaHm©as;bMNulnwgRtUvTTYl
lT§plEdlminsmehtupl dUcCamankarlM)akkñúgkarTamTar[GnuvtþkatBVkic© edaysarmankarlM)ak
kñúgkarbBa¢ak;GMBIGtßiPaBénsiT§ielIbMNul b¤ siT§ielIbMNulminGacRtUv)anrkSakarBaredayR)atiePaK)an
CaGaT× . ehtudUecñH vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1 Ecgfa buKÁlNaEdlsgkatBVkic©bNþalmkBIkarPan;RcLM
minGacTamTar[sgnUvtavkalikénkarsgenaH kñúgkrNIbMeBjl½kçx½NÐdUcteTA ³ ¬k¦ m©as;bMNulmin)an
dwgfa karsgRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedaykarPan;RcLM nig ¬x¦ krNIEdlm©as;bMNulbMpøajlixitlayl½kçN_GkSr
EdlbBa¢ak;GMBIGtßiPaBénsiT§ielIbMNul b¤ e)aHbg;R)atiePaKecal . müa:geTot vaküxNÐTI 2 énkfaxNÐTI 1
k¾KYrGnuBaØat[ykmkGnuvtþpgEdr cMeBaHkrNIEdlm©as;bMNulEdl)aneCOCak;fa karsgedaykarPan;RcLM
KWCakarsgEdlmansuBlPaB Tuk[siT§ielIbMNulrlt;edayGaCJayukal .
¬@¦ kñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁlEdl)ansgedayPan;RcLM minGacTamTar[sgnUvtavkalikénkarsgenaHBIm©as;
bMNul)aneT m©as;bMNulGackþab;TuknUvtavkalikenaH)an ehIykrNIenHRtUv)ancat;EcgdUcKñanwgkrNIEdl
mankarsgedaymansuBlPaB . mann½yfa krNIenHRtUv)ancat;EcgdUcKñanwgkrNIEdlbuKÁl)ansg
katBVkic©rbs;GñkdéT kñúgnamCattiyCn ¬kfaxNÐTI 1 maRta 434 énRkmenH¦ . ehtudUecñH vaCakarBit
Nas;ehIyEdlGñksgGacGnuvtþsiT§iTamTarsMNgcMeBaHkUnbMNulEdl)anrYcputBIkatBVkic©enaH . kfaxNÐTI
2 EcgedIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBIbBaðaenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 707 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 1377 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig maRta 816
177
maRta 741>- karpþl;tavkalikedaymUlehtuxusc,ab;
enAkñúgCMBUkTI 15 ¬esckþIceRmIneday\tehtu¦ enH kñúgkrNIEdlkarTam
Tarrbs;buKÁlEdlRtUv)anxUcxatplRbeyaCn_ cMeBaHbuKÁlEdl)anTTYlpl
RbeyaCn_enaH pÞúynwgreboberobrysaFarN³ b¤ TMenomTmøab;l¥ b¤ c,ab;Edl
Tak;TgeTAnwgsNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ karTamTar[sgenaH BMuRtUv)anGnuBaØat
eLIy .
¬kMNt;¦
esckþIceRmIneday\tehtuEtgekIteLIgCajwkjab;enAeBlkic©snüakøayCaemaX³ . enAeBltavkalik
RtUv)anpþl;edaysarEtkarsnñidæanfa kic©snüamansuBlPaB RbsinebIkic©snüakøayCaemaX³ tavkalikenaH
køayeTACaplRbeyaCn_EdlKμanmUlehtuKtiyutþ ehIyGacsnñidæanfa plRbeyaCn_enaHbNþalmkBIkar
)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_rbs;buKÁlEdl)anpþl;tavkalik . ehtudUecñH CaeKalkarN_ bBaØtþienHGnuBaØat[
TamTar[sgesckþIceRmIneday\tehtu cMeBaHtavkalikEdlRtUv)anpþl;tamry³kic©snüaemaX³ .
b:uEnþ vaminEmnCakrNIEdlkRmeT Edlkic©snüakøayCaemaX³ edaysarmanPaBpÞúynwgsNþab;Fñab;
saFarN³ nig TMenomTmøab;l¥ b¤ pÞúynwgbBaØtþiEdlGnuvtþedaybgçMNamYy . RbsinebIkarTamTar[sgnUv
tavkalikEdlRtUv)anpþl;kñúgeKalbMNgNamYyEdlRbqaMgnwgsgÁm GacRtUv)aneFVIeLIg tameKalkarN_enH
GñkEdl)aneFVIskmμPaBpþl;tavkalik nwgmanlT§PaBRbmUlesah‘uycMNay)an . karGnuvtþEbbenH nwgkat;
bnßyy:agsem,ImnUvGanuPaBénkarBüayamTb;sáat;nUvskmμPaBRbqaMgsgÁm edaykareFVI[skmμPaBenaHTuk
CaemaX³ . ehtudUecñH manPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarbdiesFnUvkarTamTar[sgtavkalikEdl)anpþl;kñúgeKalbMNg
eFVIskmμPaBRbqaMgnwgsgÁm . b:uEnþ eTaHbICatavkalikNamYyEdlRtUv)anpþl; maneKalbMNgeFVI
skmμPaBEdlRbqaMgnwgsgÁmk¾eday k¾mankrNIxøHEdlGñkTTYltavkalikenaH RbqaMgnwgsgÁmeRcInCag
GñkTamTar[sgtavkalikenaHeTAeTot . kñúgkrNIenH karbdiesFnUvkarTamTar[sgtavkalik nwgCMruj
[manskmμPaBRbqaMgnwgsgÁmeTAvij . ehtudUecñH maRtaenHTTYlsÁal; b¤ minTTYlsÁal;nUvkarTamTar[sg
minEmnGaRs½yelIbBaðafa etImUlehténesckþIceRmIneday\tehtuRbqaMgeTAnwgsgÁmEdr b¤ k¾y:agNaeT
b:uEnþ GaRs½yeTAelIbBaðafa etIkarTamTar[sgenaHRbqaMgnwgsgÁmEdr b¤eT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 708 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 817 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 66 énc,ab;sþIBI
178
katBVkic©rbs;RbeTssVIs
CMBUkTI 16 GMeBIGnItüanukUl
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgkrNIEdlmanGgÁehtumYy)anekIteLIg rvagPaKIEdlBMumanTMnak;TMngKtiyutþGVImYyCamun dUcCa
TMnak;TMngénkic©snüa CaedIm ehIyPaKImçag ¬carI¦ )anRbRBwtþGMeBIGVImYy ¬rYmTaMgGMeBIGnItüanukUl Edl)an
RbRBwtþeLIgedaycarI¦ ehIy)aneFVI[PaKImçageTot ¬CnrgeRKaH¦ TTYlkarxUcxat CMBUkTI 16 enH )anEcgfa
GñkNaRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHCnrgeRKaH RtwmkRmitNa nig eRkaml½kçx½NÐNa
mYy .
karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUl RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;faCakarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkar
xUcxat rvagPaKIEdlBMumanTMnak;TMngKtiyutþCamun . cMeBaHsMNgénkarxUcxatedaykarminGnuvtþkic©snüa
rvagPaKIénkic©snüavij manbBaØtþiepSgBIGMeBIGnItüanukUlEdlEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak;GMBIkMhus
GMLúgeBlénGaC£ayukal CaedIm edayKitdl;lkçN³BiessénTMnak;TMngénkic©snüa dUecñHehIy tamTsSn³
Fmμta bBaØtþisþIBIGMeBIGnItüanukUl minRtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHPaKIénkic©snüaeLIy ¬TsSn³minGnuBaØat[man
karRbECgénsiT§iTamTar¦ . b:uEnþ enAEtmanmtimYycMnYneTotyl;eXIjfa eTaHbICamanTMnak;TMngkic©snüa
k¾eday k¾bBaØtþisþIBIGMeBIGnItüanukUlGacykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHPaKIénkic©snüaenaH luHRtaEtKμanbBaðakñúgkar
GnuvtþbBaØtþiNamYytamTRmg;énbBaØtþienaH ¬TsSn³GnuBaØat[mankarRbECgénsiT§iTamTar¦ . CaBiess
cMeBaHkrNIEdlkic©snüaBMu)ankMNt;GMBIxøwmsarsþIBIsuvtßiPaBc,as;las;Camun dUcCa kic©snüakargar nig
krNIykic©ykcitþTukdak;dl;karKitdl;suvtßiPaBénkEnøgeFVIkar b¤ kic©snüalk; nig suvtßiPaBénplitpl
CaedIm karelIkykkarbMBankrNIykic©RbugRby½tñedaymanlkçN³x<s;kñúgkrNIénGMeBIGnItüanukUl nwgeFVI[
mankargayRsYlkñúgkarCYydl;CnrgeRKaH ehtudUecñH karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUl RtUv)anGHGag
cMeBaHTMnak;TMngkic©snüa .
sgÁmRbCaBlrdæ ¬sgÁmesdækic©TIpSaresrI¦ Ep¥kelIeKalkarN_mUldæanEdlmanxøwmsarfa buKÁlÉkCn
mñak;² manlkçN³buKÁlÉkraCütampøÚvc,ab; mñak;²nwgeFVIskmμPaBedayeyagtamqnÞ³esrI ehIymankarTTYl
xusRtUverog²xøÜn cMeBaHkarseRmctamqnÞ³rbs;xøÜnenaH . edayEp¥kelIeKalkarN_mUldæanenH KnßIepSgeTot
énRkmrdæb,evNI EcgGMBIeKalkarN_énesrIPaBénlkçN³buKÁltampøÚvc,ab;; eKalkarN_énPaBdac;xatén
kmμsiT§irbs;buKÁlÉkCn eKalkarN_énesrIPaBkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa CaGaT× . ehtudUecñH cMeBaHkrNIEdl
buKÁlNamñak;RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgsMNgénkarxUcxat CaedIm CaeKalkarN_ buKÁlenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUv
cMeBaHskmμPaBEdlEp¥keTAelIesckþIseRmcedayqnÞ³esrIrbs;xøÜn ehIyminRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIrbs;
179
GñkdéTEdlminBak;B½n§nwgqnÞ³rbs;xøÜn b¤ cMeBaHerOgEdlekIteLIgedayécdnüeT . eKalkarN_enH ehAfa
eKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhus . sUmemIlmaRta 742 maRta 743 maRta 745 maRta 755
nig maRta 756 .
b:uEnþ edayemIltamTsSn³énkarkarBarCnrgeRKaH caM)ac;RtUvmanbBaØtþiBiessmYycMnYnsþIBIkarelIkElg
eKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhusenH .
TImYy KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkRtYtBinitü b¤ GñkRKb;RKg . cMeBaHkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk
CaedIm GñkRtYtBinitü nig GñkRKb;RKg ¬nieyaCk¦ TTYlplRbeyaCn_BIskmμPaBGñkepSg ¬nieyaCit¦
dUecñHehIy mankarBnül;fa nieyaCk CaGaT× RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgedaysarGMeBI
GnItüanukUlrbs;CnenaH ¬karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIgkñúgdMeNIrkarTTYlplRbeyaCn_¦ .
GñkmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitüGsmtßCn RtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHGMeBIIEdlbgá[man
karxUcxatrbs;buKÁlEdlKμansmtßPaBkñúgkarxøÜnTTYlxusRtUv . müa:geTot buKÁlEdleRbIbuKÁldéT nig
buKÁlEdlRtYtBinitünieyaCitCMnYsnieyaCk RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIEdlbgá[mankarxUcxatrbs;rbs;;
nieyaCit ehIynItibuKÁlRtUvTTYlxusnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHGMeBIEdlbgá[mankarxUcxatrbs;;GPi)al
énnItibuKÁlenaH rIÉrdæ b¤ sßab½nsaFarN³ RtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatcMeBaHGMeBIEdlbgá[man
karxUcxatrbs;m®nþIraCkar . sUmemIlmaRta 746 maRta 747 maRta 748 nig maRta 749 .
TI BIr KWCakrNIBiessTTYlsÁal;nUvsMNgénkarxUcxatEdlbNþalmkBIvtßúeRKaHfñak; edayBMucaM)ac;man
l½kçx½NÐkMhus .
kñúgsgÁmbc©úb,nñ haniP½yeRcInEbbeRcInya:gekIteLIgedaysarkareCOnelOnénbec©keTsviTüasa®sþ
TMenIb² . tamkarCak;Esþg eRKaHfñak;éneragcRkplitGKÁisnIedayeRbIkmøaMgbrimaNU eRKaHfñak;edaysar
fñaMeBTü karbgçÚcbrisßanedayCatiKImI CaedIm )anekIteLIgrYcehIy . RbsinebImanEtviFIse®gÁaHCnrgeRKaH
éneRKaHfñak;EbbenH tamkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhusEdlmanBImun²mkenaHeTA mankrNIeRcInEdlnwgTuk
ecalnUvCnrgeRKaHCaeRcInnak;Edl)anTTYlkarxUcxatcMeBaHragkay b¤ RTBüsm,tþiedayKμanCYyse®gÁaH .
kñúgkrNITaMgGs;enH mankarBi)aknwgeFVIkarbBa¢ak;bgðajGMBITMnak;TMngénehtuplrvageRKaHfñak; nig lT§pl
EdlekIteLIg tampøÚvbec©keTs b¤ viC¢aeBTü ehIymanCnrgeRKaHeRcInnak; nig sm,ÚrEbb RBmTaMgTwkR)ak;
énkarxUcxatmancMnYnd¾mhima CaGaT× EdlTuknUvbBaðaCaeRcInFMhYsehtu elIsBIkarse®gÁaHCnrgeRKaHtampøÚv
bNþwgrdæb,evNIFmμta . enAbNþaRbeTseCOnelOnCaeRcIn eK)anCECkKñaGMBIrbbsMNgcMeBaHCnrgeRKaH
eRkamkarTTYlxusRtUvfμIcMeBaHeRKaHfñak;TaMgenH rYmTaMgkareFVIkMENTRmg;RbB½n§vinicä½yerOgkþIrdæb,evNI b:uEnþ
enAEtBMuTan;rkdMeNaHRsay)anenAeLIy . dUecñHehIy kñúgRkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCaenH )anEcgGMBIkarTTYlxus
180
RtUvrbs;Gñkkan;kab;stV karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHsMNg;EdlCab;nwgelIdI GMeBIGnItüanukUlrYm EdlRtUv)anTTYl
sÁal;tamTMenomTmøab; ehIyeRkABIenH )anbBa©ÚlnUvbBaØtþiGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;Gñkplitvtßú
nig karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúeRKaHfñak; EdlCakarTTYlxusRtUvfμIedayBMucaM)ac;manl½kçx½NÐénkMhus . sUm
emIlmaRta 750 maRta 753 maRta 754 maRta 751 nig maRta 752 .
siT§i nig plRbeyaCn_ EdlRtUv)anbMBanedayGMeBIGnItüanukUl maneRcInRbePTdUcCaRTBüsm,tþi
GayuCIvit ragkay siT§ibuKÁl CaedIm b:uEnþ siT§i nig plRbeyaCn_TaMgenHRtUv)anEbk)ak; b¤ )at;bg;
edaysarGMeBIbMBan ehtuenHehIy karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUlenaH CaeKalkarN_ RtUvsgCaR)ak; .
sUmemIlmaRta 757 .
RbePTénkarxUcxatEdlRtUvsg manminRtwmEtkarxUcxatRTBüsm,tþib:ueNÑaHeT KWmanTaMgkarxUcxatEdl
minEmnCaRTBüsm,tþi dUcCakarQWcab;xagpøÚvcitþ b¤ karcuHfynUvkarvaytémøkñúgsgÁm CaedIm pgEdr .
sUmemIlmaRta 744 . cMeBaHkarKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarxUcxatEdlminEmnCaRTBüsm,tþi sUmemIl
kfaxNÐTI 2 énmaRta 758 .
cMeBaHbBaðafa etIGaceFVIkarTamTarEdlmanxøwmsarGVIxøH eBleFVIkarTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat bBaØtþi
cab;BImaRta 757 dl;maRta 762 EcgGMBIbBaðaenH . müa:geTot maRta 763 CabBaØtþikat;bnßynUv
cMnYnTwkR)ak;énplRbeyaCn_ kñúgkrNIEdlCnrgeRKaH)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_BIGMeBIGnItüanukUl)an . rIÉ
maRta 764 Ecgfa RbsinebICnrgeRKaH)anrYmcMENkkñúgkarekIteLIg b¤ rIkraldalénkarxUcxat
tulakarGacKitBicarNaGMBIkarN_enH enAeBlKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énsMNgénkarxUcxat .
maRta 765 KWCabBaØtþiEcgGMBIGaC£ayukalénkarrMlt;siT§i .
maRta 742>- niymn½yénkMhusectna nig Gectna

enAkñúgCMBUkTI 16 ¬GMeBIGnItüanukUl¦ enH GMeBIedaymankMhusectna b¤
Gectna sMedAeTAelI GMeBIEdlRtUvnwgcMNucNamYyxageRkamenH ³
k-eFVIGMeBIbMBanedayBüakrTukCamunGMBIkarekIteLIgénlT§pl ehIy
edayTTYlykkarekIteLIgénlT§plenaH .
x-eFVIGMeBIEdl ebItamRbRktI buKÁlEdlmanzan³énkargar b¤ bT
BiesaFn_esμIKñanwgGñkeFVIGMeBIenaH GacBüakrTukCamunGMBIkarekIteLIgénlT§pl
k¾eday k¾GñkeFVIGMeBIenaHenAEtBMu)anBüakrTukCamunGMBIkarekIteLIgénlT§pl
181
enaH edaysarkareFVsRbEhsminRbugRby½tñ ehIyeTaHCamankrNIykic©
eCosvagnUvlT§plenaHk¾eday k¾enAEtRbRBwtþpÞúynwgkrNIykic©enaH .
¬kMNt;¦
cMNuc k KWCaniymn½yénkMhusectna . bBaØtþienHTamTar[mankarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHqnÞ³EdlBüakrnUv
karekIteLIgénlT§pl nig yl;RBm[lT§plenaHekIteLIg . cMNuc x KWCaniymn½yénkMhusGectna .
bBaØtþienHminykqnÞ³xagpøÚvcitþrbs;samIxøÜneT . pÞúyeTAvij kñúgkrNIEdlbuKÁlNamñak;Edlmanzan³
kñúgsgÁmdUcGñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaH GacBüakr)anGMBIkarekIteLIgénlT§pl tamRbRktI ehIyGñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaH
mankrNIykic©eCosvaglT§plenaH Etmin)aneCosvag[putBIlT§plenaHeT GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaHRtUv)ancat;
Tukfa mankMhus . cMeBaHkMhusenH minEmnykqnÞ³xagpøÚvcitþ ¬PaBGacBüakr)an¦ rbs;samIxøÜn
GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaHmkeRbIeT KW)anykTsSn³énqnÞ³RbRktI ]TahrN_dUcCabuKÁlEdlmankargardUcKñanwg
GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIenaH mkeRbIenH edIm,ICYyse®gÁaHCnrgeRKaHedayl½kçx½NÐCak;EsþgtamkarEdlGaceFVIeTA)an
edayminykl½kçx½NÐxagpøÚvcitþrbs;GñkRbRBwtþGMeBI EdlmankarBi)akkñúgkarbBa¢ak;bgðajmkeRbIeT . l½kçx½NÐ
énsMNgénkarxUcxatrdæb,evNI KW {kMhusectna b¤ kMhusGectna} Edl)ankMNt;kñúgmaRta 743
ehtuenHehIy edImecaT ¬= CnrgeRKaH¦ BMucaM)ac;eFVIkarEbgEckfa etIqnÞ³rbs;GñkeFVIGMeBIenaH CakMhus ectna
b¤ CakMhusGectnaeT .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 8 A nig maRta 281 én {karbBa¢ak;eLIgvijGMBIGMeBIGnItüanukUl ¬Restatement of Torts¦} elIkTI
2 rbs;shrdæGaemrik
maRta 743>- l½kçx½NÐ nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak;bgðajénGMeBIGnItüa-

nukUlTUeTA
1-buKÁlEdlbMBanedayxusc,ab;nUvsiT§i b¤ plRbeyaCn_rbs;CndéT
edaykMhusectna b¤ edaykMhusGectna RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxat
EdlekIteLIgedayGMeBIenaH .
krNIEdlkarxUcxat)anekIteLIg edaysarmankrNIykic©eFVIGMeBINamYy Etmin
)aneFVIGMeBIenaH .
182
3-cMeBaHkMhusectna b¤ kMhusGectnarbs;carIenH TMnak;TMngénehtu
plrvagGMeBIrbs;GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBan nig karekIteLIgénkarxUcxat nig karxUc
xatEdlekItmaneLIgelICnrgeRKaH buKÁlEdlTamTarsMNgkarxUcxatenaH RtUv
bBa¢ak;bgðaj elIkElgEtmanbBaØtþiBiessenAkñúgRkmenH b¤ c,ab;epSgeTot .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenH CabBaØtþiEcgsþIBIeKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhus . sþIBIeKalkarN_énkarTTYlxus
RtUvcMeBaHkMhusenH sUmemIlkMNt;dMbUgénCMBUkenH . kfaxNÐTI 2 )anEcgGMBIkrNIEdlkarxUcxatekIteLIg
edaysarGñkEdlmankrNIykic©RtUveFVIGMeBIGVImYy min)aneFVIGMeBIenaH . ]TahrN_ manGñkCm¶Wmñak;dYledk
enApøÚvcUleTAsßanIyrfePøIg ehIyRbsinebIGñkeFVIdMeNIrtampøÚvenaH minCYyse®gÁaHGñkCm¶WenaHeT eTaHbICaGñk
eFVIdMeNIrenaHnwgGacTTYlnUvkarTietonBIsgÁmk¾eday k¾GñkenaHKminmankarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkarsgsMNg
énkarxUcxateT edaysarBMumankrNIykic©CYyse®gÁaHtampøÚvc,ab;eT . b:uEnþ RbsinebIGñkyamsßanIyrfePøIg
minCYyse®gÁaHGñkCm¶WeT GñkyamenaHnwgRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUlenH .
kfaxNÐTI 3 )anEcgfa edImecaTEdlCaPaKIxagCnrgeRKaHenaH RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak; kñúgkrNI
EdlTamTarnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat . enHKWxusBIkarTTYlxusRtUvtamkic©snüa kñúgkrNIénkarTTYlxusRtUv
cMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUl PaKeRcInrvagPaKI BMumanTMnak;TMngGVICamYyKñaCamuneT ehtuenHehIy PaKIedImecaT
RtUverobcMÉksarTaMgGs;edIm,Idak;BakübNþwg ebImindUecñHeT KWdUcCakarvayqμk;cugcemøIyeTAvij dUecñHehIy
CaeKalkarN_ PaKIedImecaTRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak;TaMgRsug . b:uEnþ kñúgsgÁmsBVéf¶enH mankar
vivDÆn_énbec©keTsviTüasa®sþkan;EtelOn EtpÞúyeTAvij man)atuPUtEdlminc,as;las;tampøÚvviTüasa®sþ
ekInkan;EteRcIneLIg² ehIycMeBaHTMnak;TMngrvagehtu nig plxagviC¢aeBTü b¤ karBüakrGMBIlT§plEdl
ekIteLIg edaysardMeNIrkarénshRKas CaedIm ebI[PaKIxagCnrgeRKaHTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak;
nUvbBaðaTaMgenH BMumansmFm’eLIy . elIsBIenH cMeBaHkrNIxøH RbsinebIminykeKalkarN_énkarTTYl
xusRtUvcMeBaHkMhusmkeRbI KμanPaBRtwmRtUveT ehtuenHehIy)anCamanc,ab;BiesssRmab;krNIenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
823 nig maRta 826 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g/; maRta 41 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 744>- sMNgénkarxUcxatEdlminEmnCaRTBüsm,tþi

183
buKÁlEdlTTYlxusRtUvtambBaØtþiénmaRta 743 ¬l½kçx½NÐ nig karTTYl
xusRtUvkñúgkarbBa¢ak;bgðajénGMeBIGnItüanukUlTUeTA¦ xagelIenH RtUvsgkarxUc
xatcMeBaHGVIEdlminEmnCaRTBüsm,tþipgEdr .
¬kMNt;¦
karxUcxateRkABIRTBüsm,tþi manrYmTaMgkarxUcxatedaysarkarQWcab;xagpøÚvcitþ karGab;»nkitþiys
kñúgsgÁm CaGaT× .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
847 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 47 nig maRta 49 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 745>- GsmtßPaBkñúgkarTTYlxusRtUv

1-CnEdlmanGayueRkam 14 ¬db;bYn¦ qñaM minRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaH
GMeBIGnItüanukUleT .
2-buKÁlEdlsßitkñúgsßanPaBEdlminGacyl;dwg nig vinicä½y)anGMBIkar
TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIrbs;xøÜn enAeBlEdlxøÜn)anRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBanenaH eday
sarmanvibtþiEpñkbBaØasμartI b¤ mUlehtuepSgeTot minRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBI
GnItüanukUleLIy . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdl
sßanPaBenaHbNþalmk edaykMhusectna b¤ edaykMhusGectna .
¬kMNt;¦
enAeRkameKalkarN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHqnÞ³ buKÁlEdlmankarxVHxatnUvsmtßPaBkñúgkarvinicä½yqnÞ³
b¤ mansmtßPaBkñúgkarvinicä½yqnÞ³minRKb;RKan; edaysarGayu b¤ edaysarmanbBaðaxagstiGarmμN_ b¤
min[mankarTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxateLIy . müa:geTot CnEdlmansmtßPaBxagqnÞ³ Et)anFøak;
kñúgsßanPaBénGsmtßPaBxagqnÞ³edaysarqnÞ³rbs;xøÜnenaH ehIy)anRbRBwtþGMeBIGnItüanukUl CnenaHRtUv
TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkrNIenH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 712 nig maRta 713 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 827 maRta 828 nig maRta 829
184
énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 53 nig maRta 54 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 746>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitü

1-buKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©Edl)ankMNt;edayc,ab;kñúgkarRtYtBinitü
GnItiCnGayueRkam 14 ¬db;bYn¦ qñaM b¤ buKÁlEdlsßitkñúgsßanPaBEdlminGac
yl;dwg nig vinicä½y)anGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHGMeBIrbs;xøÜn edaysarman
vibtþiEpñkbBaØasμartI b¤ mUlehtuepSgeTot mankrNIykic©RtUvsgkarxUcxatrbs;
GñkdéT EdlekIteLIg edayGMeBIbMBanrbs;buKÁlenAeRkamkarRtYtBinitürbs;xøÜn
enH .
2-buKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©Edl)ankMNt;edayc,ab;kñúgkarRtYtBinitü
GnItiCnGayucab;BI 14 ¬db;bYn¦ qñaM eLIgeTA RtUvTTYlxusRtUvedaysamKÁIPaBCa
mYyGnItiCn cMeBaHkarxUcxatrbs;GñkdéTEdlekIteLIg edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl
rbs;GnItiCnenaH .
3-buKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitüEdlTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkar
xUcxat tambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 2 xagelIenH GacrYcxøÜnBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar
sgkarxUcxat)an edaybBa¢ak;bgðajfa xøÜn)anbMeBjkrNIykic©RtYtBinitüCa
RbRktI .
¬kMNt;¦
GñkmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitüGñkGsmtßPaBkñúgkarTTYlxusRtUv RtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxat
CMnYsGñkGsmtßPaBEdlminTTYlxusRtUvedayEp¥kelImaRta 745 . eTaHbICaGñkRtYtBinitüsamIxøÜnKμankMhus
k¾eday k¾GñkenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvEdr . kfaxNÐTI 3 )anEcgfa kñúgkrNIEdlGñkmankrNIykic©RtYtBinitü
cMeBaHGnItiCnEdlmanGayuBI 14 qñaMeLIgeTA RtUvTTYlxusRtUvedaysamKÁIPaBCamYynwgGnItiCn edayeyag
tamkfaxNÐTI 2 GñkenaHGacrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvenaH)an RbsinebI)anbBa¢ak;bgðajfa xøÜn)anbMeBj
krNIykic©RtYtBinitüCaRbRktI .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 714 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1384 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 832 énRkmrdæb,evNI
185
GaløWm:g;/ maRta 333 énRkmrdæb,evNIsVis
maRta 747>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk

1-buKÁlEdleRbInieyaCitedIm,IGnuvtþkic©kar RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsg
karxUcxat EdlnieyaCit)anbgádl;GñkdéTedayxusc,ab; edaykMhusectna b¤
edaykMhusGectna enAkñúgkarGnuvtþkic©karenaH .
2-buKÁlEdlsßitkñúgzan³RtUvRtYtBinitünieyaCitCMnYsnieyaCk RtUvTTYl
xusRtUvdUcKñanwgnieyaCkEdr . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaH
krNIEdlbuKÁlenaH)anRtYtBinitüedayRtwmRtUv .
3-nieyaCk b¤ GñkRtYtBinitüCMnYs GacTamTarsMNgBInieyaCit)an
edayeyageTAtamkRmiténkMhus rbs;nieyaCitenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk . nieyaCk CaGñkeRbInieyaCit[BRgIkskmμPaB edIm,Irk
plcMeNj[xøÜn ehtuenHehIy cMeBaHGMeBIGnItüanukUlEdlbgáeLIgedaynieyaCit {kñúgkarGnuvtþkic©kar}
nieyaCkRtUvTTYlxusRtUvCMnYsnieyaCit . maRtaenHRtUv)anbBaØtþeLIgtamRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg edaydak;
bnÞúk[nieyaCkTTYlxusRtUvnUvGMeBIGnItüanukUlEdl)aneFVIeLIgedaynieyaCit RbsinebIGMeBIenaHRtUvbMeBj
l½kçx½NÐénGMeBIGnItüanukUl eTaHbICanieyaCkenaHKμankMhusk¾eday . karTTYlxusRtUvenHKWCakarTTYl
xusRtUveday])aeTskmμ . pÞúyeTAvij tamRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg b¤ Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un RbsinebInieyaCkGac
bBa¢ak;bgðajfa xøÜnBMumankMhuskñúgkareRCIstaMg nig RtYtBinitüneyaCiteT nieyaCkenaHnwgGacrYcputBI
karTTYlxusRtUvenaH)an . k¾b:uEnþ edaysarEtcaM)ac;RtUvse®gÁaHGñkrgeRKaH BMusUvmanyutþisa®sþEdl)an
GnueRKaH[nieyaCkrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUveT . ehIymUlehtuénkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk RtUv)an
Bnül;faCakarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarTTYlpl ¬GñkEdlTTYlplRbeyaCn_ RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarxUcxat
pgEdr¦ b¤ karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHhaniP½y ¬karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarnaMmknUvhaniP½ydl;sgÁm kñúgkareFVI
skmμPaBrbs;shRKas¦ .
cMeBaHl½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nieyaCk manvivaTRtg;cMNucfa etIskmμPaBGVIxøH RtUvnwg {karGnuvtþ
kic©kar} . enAkñúgyutþisa®sþrbs;Cb:un ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkEdltamkarBitBMuEmnCaKNenyükreT
EtemIlPinPaKBIeRkAeTA dUcCaKNenyükr ehIy)anTTYlR)ak; edayBnül;fa TTYlR)ak;enaHedIm,IRkumh‘un
186
ehIy)anykR)ak;enaHdak;ehae)A:xøÜnÉgeTAvij b¤ krNIEdl)anykLanrbs;Rkumh‘uneTAeRbIedayKμankar
GnuBaØat ehIy)anbgá[maneRKaHfñak; tulakarTTYlsÁal;faCakarGnuvtþkic©karedayemIltam {PinPaKxag
eRkA} Edr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 715 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 5 maRta 1384 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 831
énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 55 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 748>- GMeBIGnItüanukUlrbs;nItibuKÁl
1-nItibuKÁlRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxat EdlGPi)al b¤ GñktMNag
ÉeTot )anbgádl;GñkdéTedayxusc,ab; edaykMhusectna b¤ edaykMhusGectna
kñúgkarGnuvtþParkic© .10
2-ebI)ansgkarxUcxattambBaØtþiénkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH nItibuKÁlGac
TamTarsMNgBIGñktMNagEdl)anRbRBwtþGMeBIbgákarxUcxatenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;nItibuKÁl eday])aeTskmμ cMeBaHGPi)al b¤ GñktMNagepSgeTot
énnItibuKÁl .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 44 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1382 nig maRta 1384 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 31
énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 55 énRkmrdæb,evNIsVis
maRta 749>- GMeBIGnItüanukUlrbs;m®nþIraCkar

1-ebIm®nþIraCkarEdlTTYlkarGnuvtþnUvGMNacsaFarN³rbs;rdæ b¤ sßab½n
saFarN³ )anbgákarxUcxatdl;GñkdéTedayxusc,ab; edaykMhusectna b¤
edaykMhusGectna kñúgkarGnuvtþParkic©rbs;xøÜnenaH rdæ b¤ sßab½nsaFarN³
RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxatenaH .
10
187
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH ebIkRmiténkar
bMBankrNIykic©rbs;m®nþIraCkar kñúgkareCosvagnUvlT§pl manPaBF¶n;F¶r rdæ b¤
sßab½nsaFarN³GacTamTarsMNgBIm®nþIraCkarenaH)an .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;rdæ b¤ sßab½nsaFarN³ eday])aeTskmμ cMeBaHm®nþIraCkar .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 1 énc,ab;sþIBIsMNgénkarxUcxatedayrdærbs;Cb:un/ maRta 839 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta
34 énc,ab;mUldæan ¬Grundgesetz¦rbs;GaløWm:g;
maRta 750>- karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñkkan;kab;stV

buKl
Á Edlkan;kab;stV RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñgú karsgkarxUcxatEdlekIteLIg
dl;GñkdéT edaystVEdlxøÜnkan;kab; .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvedayKμankMhusrbs;Gñkkan;kab;stV . enAkñúgenH BMumankarGnueRKaH[
rYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUveT edayeyagtamRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg . maRtaenHKWCa]TahrN_énkarTTYlxusRtUv
cMeBaHvtßúEdlmaneRKaHfñak; .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 718 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1385 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 833 nig maRta 834
maRta 751>- karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;Gñkplitvtßú

1-kñúgkrNIEdlmanvikar³naM[maneRKaHfñak;minsmehtuplkñúgclnvtßú
EdlRtUv)anplit ehIy)anbNþal [mankarxUcxatdl;GñkdéTedayvikar³enaH
plitkrénclnvtßúenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñgú karsgnUvkarxUcxatenaH . b:uEnþ bBaØtiþ
enHminRtUvGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlminGacRbmaNnUvvikar³enaH tamkRmit
viTüasa®sþ énbec©keTs EdlmanenAsm½yEdlplitenaH .
188
2-GñkEdlplitclnvtßúEdlpSMedayeRKOg b¤ vtßúFatuedImEdlmanvikar³
RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgnUvkarxUcxat kñúgnamCaplitkrpgEdr .
3-kñúgxøwmsarénmaRtaenH cMeBaHclnvtßúEdlnaMcUl GñknaMcUlRtUvcat;Tuk
faCaplitkr .
4-kñúgxøwmsarénmaRtaenH buKÁlEdl)andak;sBaØaNénnamkrN_rbs;xøÜn
Caplitkr b¤ Gñklk; enAelIclnvtßú RtUvcat;TukfaCaplitkrénclnvtßúenaH .
¬kMNt;¦
karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;Gñkplitvtßú KWCaRTwsþIc,ab;énkarTTYlxusRtUvtwgruwgmYyEdlRtUv
)anGPivDÄ tamry³yutþisa®sþrbs;Gaemrik BITsvtSr_ 1960 mk . edaysarplitplrfynþ CaedIm
mancMnYneRcIn ehIykñúgdMeNIrkarénkarplit plitplRtUv)anplitminRtwmRtUvRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; nig
RtUv)anCYjdUrenATIpSar mankrNIEdlGtifiCnCaeRcIn)anTTYlrgeRKaHdl;pøÚvkay ehtuenHehIy)anCa
c,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpledayGñkplitvtßú RtUv)anbegáIteLIg edIm,I[mankarTTYlxusRtUv
nUvsMNgénkarxUcxatedayGñkplit b¤ edayGñklk; edayykvikar³énplitplmkeFVICal½kçx½NÐén
karTTYlxusRtUv CMnYskarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkMhusEdlmanBImunmk . eRkaymk RkumRbwkSaKN³rdæm®nþIén
shKmn_GWr:ub ¬EC sBVéf¶enH EU¦ k¾)anecjbBa¢a[begáItc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpl
ehIybNþaRbeTsGWur:ub b¤ RbeTsCb:un CaGaT× )anbegáItc,ab;BiesssþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpl
CabnþbnÞab; .
kmμvtßúénkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpledayGñkplit KWCaclnvtßúEdlRtUv)anplit . ehtudUecñH
bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHGclnvtßúeLIy . cMeBaHclnvtßúEdlmin)anEkécñeT dUcCaRtIEdlsÞÚc)an
k¾minGnuvtþtammaRtaenHEdr . kñúgmaRtaenH manelIkeLIgnUv {vikar³EdlnaM[maneRKaHfñak;minsmehtusm
pl} EdlCal½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUv . cMeBaHvikar³vij BMumanniymn½yBiesskñúgenHeT KWTuk[eFVIkar
bkRsayeTAvij . b:uEnþ sUmCUnCaKMniteTAvij KW maRta 2 énc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpl
rbs;Cb:un [niymn½yfa {vikar³ sMedAeTAelIkgVHnUvsuvtßiPaBEdlcaM)ac;RtUvmanCaFmμtasRmab;plitpl
Edl)anpliteLIg edayKitBicarNanUvlkçN³BiessénplitplenaH viFIeRbIplitplenaHEdlGacRtUv)an
Büakr)an eBlevlaEdlGñkplitvtßúenaH CaGaT× )anRbKl;plitplenaH nig sßanPaBepSg²Edl
Bak;B½n§nwgplitplenaH} . müa:geTot edayemIltamc,ab;rbs;bNþaRbeTsnana maRtaenHk¾GnueRKaH[
GñkplitrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplEdr kñúgkrNIEdlmin)anyl;dwgCamunnUvvikar³énvtßúenaH
189
edayviTüasa®sþEdlmannaeBlplitvtßúenaH ¬= siT§itva:cMeBaHeRKaHfñak;énkarGPivDÄn_¦ . GñkEdlRtUvTTYl
xusRtUvcMeBaHplitpl KWCaGñkplit . minRtwmEtGñkplitvtßúcugeRkayeT EdlTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúenaH
KWmanrYmTaMgGñkpliteRKOg b¤ sarFatuEdlmanvikar³pgEdrEdlRtUvTTYlxusRtUv ¬kfaxNÐTI 2¦ .
CaeKalkarN_ Gñklk;BMumankarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitpleLIy ehIycMNucenHxusBIyutþisa®sþrbs;Gaemrik
b:uEnþ mankrNIelIkElgEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 3 nig kfaxNÐTI 4 .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 2 maRta 3 nig maRta 4 énc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 1386-1
cMNucTI 4 kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 1386-11 nig maRta 1386-6 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 1 nig
maRta 4 énc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHplitplrbs;GaløWm:g;/ maRta 1 maRta 5 maRta 14 nig maRta
20 énc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYlxusRtUv én {karbBa¢ak;eLIgvijGMBIGMeBIGnItüanukUl ¬Restatement of Torts¦} elIkTI
3 rbs;shrdæGaemrik
maRta 752>- karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúeRKaHfñak;

buKÁlCakmμsiT§ikr b¤ GñkRKb;RKgrfynþ eRKOgcRksRmab;dwkCBa¢ÚnepSg
eTot eRKOgpÞúH vtßúFatuviTüúskmμ vtßúFatuKImIEdlmanCatiBul GtisuxumR)aN]t,at
b¤ eRKOgEdlmankRmiteRKaHfñak;x<s;epSgeTot RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkar
xUcxatEdlbgádl;GñkdéT edaysarvtßúeRKaHfñak;EdlxøÜnmankmμsiT§i b¤ RKb;RKg .
b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlkarxUcxatenaHekItman
eLIgbNþalmkBIRbFanskþi b¤ krNIEdlkarRKb;RKgvtßúeRKaHfñak;Kμanvikar³
ehIykarxUcxat)anekIteLIg edaysarGMeBIrbs;CnrgeRKaH b¤ ttiyCn .
¬kMNt;¦
maRtaenHEcgGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúEdlmaneRKaHfñak;rbs;buKÁlEdlCakmμsiT§ikr b¤ GñkRKb;RKg
rfynþ b¤ vtßúEdlmaneRKaHfñak;epSgeTot . kmμvtßúénmaRtaenH manrYmTaMg vtßú {EdlmankRmiteRKaHfñak;x<s;
epSgeTot} ehtuenHehIy KWmanPaBTUlMTUlayNas; . l½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUv mintRmUv[mankMhuseT
b:uEnþ ¬1¦ kñúgkrNIEdlmankarxUcxatedayRbFanskþi b¤ ¬2¦ kñúgkrNIEdlBMumanvikar³kñúgkarRKb;RKg
ehIykarxUcxat)anekIteLIgedayCnrgeRKaH b¤ edayttiyCn m©as;vtßú b¤ GñkRKb;RKgvtßúenaH GacrYcput
BIkarTTYlxusRtUv)an .
190
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 3 énc,ab;sþIBIkarFanara:b;rgsMNgénkarxUcxatrfynþrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 109 énc,ab;sþIBIEr:Cb:un/
maRta 3 énc,ab;sþIBIsMNgénkarxUcxatedaykareRbIfamBlbrimaNUrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 25 énc,ab;sþIBIkar
karBarkarbMBulGakasrbs;Cb:un/ maRta 19 énc,ab;sþIBIkarkarBarkarbgçÚcKuNPaBTwkrbs;Cb:un
maRta 753>- karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHsMNg;EdlCab;nwgdI

1-kñúgkrNIEdlkarsagsg;sMNg;EdlCab;nwgdI b¤ karRKb;RKgsMNg;
enaH manvikar³ ehIy)anbNþal[mankarxUcxatdl;GñkdéT GñkRKb;RKgsMNg;
nig kmμsiT§ikrénsMNg;enaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvedaysamKÁIPaB kñúgkarsgkarxUc
xatenaH . b:uEnþ kñúgkrNIEdlGñkRKb;RKg)anbBa¢ak;fa xøÜn)anRKb;RKgeday
RtwmRtUv GñkRKb;RKgenaHGacrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUv)an .
2-bnÞúkrbs;kmμsiT§ikrénsMNg;EdlCab;nwgdI nig GñkRKb;RKgsMNg;enaH
RtUvkMNt;eTAtamkRmiténkarbgá[manvikar³ énkarsagsg; b¤ karRKb;RKg .
¬kMNt;¦
karTTYlxusRtUvedayKμankMhusrbs;kmμsiT§ikr nig GñkRKb;RKgsMNg;EdlCab;nwgdI Edlmanvikar³kñúgkar
sagsg; b¤ karRKb;RKg KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHvtßúEdlmaneRKaHfñak;mYyEdlmanBIyUrNas;mkehIy .
Rkmrdæb,evNI)araMg nig Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un k¾dUcmaRtaenHEdr minTTYlsÁal;nUvmUlehtusRmab;karrYcput
BIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;m©as;sMNg;eT . b:uEnþ cMeBaHGñkRKb;RKg ¬Gñkkan;kab;¦ vij RbsinebIGñkenaHGac
bBa¢ak;nUvkarRKb;RKgRtwmRtUv)an GñkenaHGacrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUvenH)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 717 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ kfaxNÐTI 1 énmaRta 1384 nig maRta 1386 énRkmrdæb,evNI
)araMg/ maRta 836 maRta 837 nig maRta 838 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 58 nig maRta 59 én
c,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 754>- GMeBIGnItüanukUlrYm

1-ebIkarxUcxat)anekIteLIg edaysarGMeBIrbs;buKÁleRcInnak;rYmKña Gñk
RbRBwtþGMeBIbMBannImYy²RtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxatedaysamKÁIPaB .
191
2-kñúgkrNIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 xagelIenH RbsinebIGñk
RbRBwtGþ eM BIbBM annImy
Y ²)anbBa¢ak;GBM IPaKénGMeBIEdlxønÜ )anbgá[mankarxUcxat
CnenaHRtUvTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarsgkarxUcxat tamsmamaRténPaKEdlxøÜn)an
bgá . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUvykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlTTYlsÁal;fa
mankarsmKMnit b¤ manTMnak;TMngshkarya:gCitsñiT§kñúgcMeNamGñkRbRBwtþGMeBI
bMBan .
3-ebICnmñak;kñúgcMeNamGñkRbRBwtþGMeBIGnItüanukUlrYm )ansgkarxUcxat
TaMgGs; edayecjcMNayrbs;xøÜn CnenaHGacTamTarsMNgBIGñkepSgeTot
EdlRbRBwtþGMeBIGnItüanukUlrYmenaH)an tamsmamaRténPaKEdlCnmñak;²)an
bgá .
¬kMNt;¦
CIvPaBkñúgsgÁmkan;EtmankarsμúKsμajeTA² ehIykan;EtmankRmitx<s;eTA² ehtuenHehIy mankrNICa
eRcInEdlkarxUcxatekIteLIgedaysarbuKÁleRcInnak; ¬karxUcxatedaysarmUlehtucRmuH¦ . krNIEdl
RbCaCnEdlrs;enACMuvij xUcsuxPaBedaysarkarbMBulFatuGakas EdlbegáIteLIgedayRbPBeRcIn dUcCa
eragcRk CaGaT× KWCa]TahrN_mYyEdr . kñúgkrNIenH mankarBi)aknwgkMNt;GñkEdlbegáItbBaðaenaHNas; .
dUecñHehIy maRtaenHmaneKalbMNgCYyse®gÁaHGñkrgeRKaH edaybnßynUvPaBBi)akkñúgkarbBa¢ak;rbs;Cn
rgeRKaH tamry³karcat;Tuk b¤ karsnμtnUvTMnak;TMngehtu nig pl rvagGñkeFVIGMeBIrYmTaMgGs; nig karxUcxat
Edl)anekIteLIgedayykPaBrYmKña ¬Bak;B½n§Kña¦ mkeFVICal½kçx½NÐ .
kñúgkrNIEdlmanTMnak;TMngrYmCitsñiT§ dUcCakarsmKMnitKña CaedIm rvagGñkeFVIGMeBIGnItüanukUlrYm
eRcInnak; GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBannImYy²RtUvTTYlxusRtUvnUvsMNgénkarxUcxatTaMgGs;edaysamKÁIPaB . b:uEnþ
kñúgkrNIEdlTMnak;TMngminsUvCitsñiT§dUckarsmKMniteT RbsinebIcarImñak;²)anbBa¢ak;GMBIPaKénGMeBIEdlxøÜn
)anbgá[mankarxUcxat carIenaHGacTTYlbnÞúkEtcMnYnTwkR)ak;énsMNg tamsmamaRténPaKenaHb:ueNÑaH)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
nig maRta 51 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 755>- niymn½yénkarkarBarCaFmμanurUb nig sßanPaBcaM)ac;

192
1-GMeBIkarBarCaFmμanurUb sMedAeTAelIGMeBIrMelaPEdlBMuGaceCosvag)an
edIm,IkarBarrUbragkay b¤ RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn b¤ GñkdéT cMeBaHGMeBIbMBanminRtwm
RtUv ehIyEdlsßitkñúgkrNIEdleBlevlaénGMeBIbMBan nig GMeBIrMelaPenaH sßit
CitKña nig mantulüPaBrvagviFIkarBarnigkRmiténGMeBIbMBanenaH .
2-GMeBIedaysarsßanPaBcaM)ac; sMedAeTAelIGMeBIrMelaPEdlBMuGaceCos
vag)an edIm,IkarBarrUbragkay b¤ RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn b¤ GñkdéT cMeBaHeRKaHfñak;
bc©úb,nñ b¤ Gc©asnñ ehIyEdlsßitkñúgkrNImantulüPaB rvagviFIkarBar nig kRmit
eRKaHfñak;enaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 756>- mUlehtuénkarrYcputBIPaBpÞúyc,ab;

1-GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBanRtUvrYcputBIkarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkrNIEdlmankar
yl;RBm b¤ karTTYlykeRKaHfñak; BIsMNak;GñkrgeRKaH . b:uEnþ bBaØtþienHminRtUv
ykmkGnuvtþeLIy cMeBaHkrNIEdlkaryl;RBm b¤ karTTYlykeRKaHfñak;enaH
minRtUv)ansgÁmTTYlsÁal;fasmehtupl .
2-cMeBaHkarxUcxatEdlekItmaneLIgedaysarGMeBIkarBarCaFmμanurUb b¤
GMeBIedaysarsßanPaBcaM)ac; GñkEdl)anRbRBwtþGMeBIkarBar b¤ GMeBIedaysar
sßanPaBcaM)ac; BMuRtUvTTYlxusRtUveLIy . kñúgkrNIenH buKÁlEdl)anRbRBwtþGMeBI
pÞúyc,ab;EdlCamUlehtuénGMeBIenaH RtUvTTYlxusRtUv .
3-cMeBaHkarxUcxatedaysarGMeBIEdlRtUvsgÁmTTYlsÁal;fa smehtu
pl GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBanminRtUvTTYlxusRtUveLIy .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 2 sUmemIlmaRta 720 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 227 nig maRta 228
193
maRta 757>- eKalkarN_sgkarxUcxatCaR)ak; nig krNIelIkElg

1-CaeKalkarN_ sMNgénkarxUcxatRtUvsgCaR)ak; .
2-kñúgkrNIEdlminGacTTYlkarse®gÁaHRtwmRtUvedaysMNgCaR)ak; Cn
rgeRKaHGacTamTar[eFVIbdiTan b¤ GacTamTar[hamXat;min[eFVIGMeBINamYy
)an .
3-cMeBaHkarbriharekrþ× eRkABIsMNgénkarxUcxat CnrgeRKaHGacTamTar
viFankarsþarkity
iþ seLIgvij dUcCakarpSBVpSayesckþIsGMu P½yeTasCasaFarN³
)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 722 nig maRta 723 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 1382 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 249
énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 49 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 758>- karKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarxUcxat

1-kñúgkarKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþiedaysarGMeBI
GnItüanukUl PaBxusKñarvagsßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþiEdlRtUv)ansnμtfa nwgman
RbsinebIKμanGMeBIGnItüanukUl nig sßanPaBénRTBüsm,tþiCak;Esþg eRkayeBl
EdlGMeBIGnItüanukUl)anekIteLIg RtUv)anvaytémø edayeRbIR)as;nUvsßiti nig
ÉksarepSgeTot .
2-kñúgkarKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énkarxUcxatstiGarmμN_edaysarGMeBI
GnItüanukUl cMnnY TwkR)ak;énCm¶cW ti þ RtUv)anvaytémø edayKitBicarNanUvsßanPaB
epSg² dUcCakRmiténkMhusectna b¤ Gectnarbs;GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBan RbePT
nig kRmiténkarrgeRKaH GMeBIrbs;GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBanenAeRkayGMeBIbgá[mankar
rgeRKaHenaH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
194
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 249 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; .
maRta 759>- karTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedaysarkar)ak;Ebkvtßú

enAeBlEdlvtßú)an)ak;Ebk edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl GñkrgeRKaHGacTamTar
sMNg dUcCatémøénvtßúEdl)ak;Ebk b¤ esah‘uyCYsCulvtßúenaH CaGaT× .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
Rkmrdæb,evNICb:un BMumanbBaØtþiRbePTenHeT .
maRta 760>- karTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedaykarbMBanelICIvit

1-ebICnrgeRKaHTTYlmrNPaB edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl GñkrgeRKaHGac
TTYlsiT§iTamTarsMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþi nig karxUcxatstiGarmμN_
Edl)anekIteLIgcMeBaHxøÜn rhUtdl;mrNPaB . karxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþi
Edl)ankMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1 enH RtUvrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgesah‘uyBüa)al nig
esah‘uycMNayepSgeTotEdlCnrgeRKaH)anbg; b¤ mankrNIykic©RtUvbg; cab;
BIeRkayGMeBIbgá[mankarrgeRKaH rhUtdl;eBlTTYlmrNPaB R)ak;cMNUl
EdlCnrgeRKaHmin)anTTYl cab;BIeRkayGMeBIbgá[mankarrgeRKaH rhUtdl;
eBlTTYlmrNPaB CaGaT× .
2-ebIbuKÁlEdlmankrNIykic©pþl;GaharkatBVkic© edayc,ab; TMenom
TMlab; b¤ edaykic©snüa )anTTYlmrNPaB edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl buKÁlEdl
TTYlCIvRBwtþi GacTamTarsMNgkarxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþi Edl)anekIteLIgcMeBaH
xøÜn edaysarmrNPaBrbs;CnrgeRKaH . karxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþiEdl)an
kMNt;enAkñúgkfaxNÐTI 2 enH RtUvrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgR)ak;CIvRBwtþiEdlbuKÁlEdlTTYl
CIvRBwtþiElg)anTTYledaysarmrNPaBénCnrgeRKaH esah‘uyEdlecjCMnYs
CnrgeRKaH esah‘uyeFIVbuNüsB CaGaT× .
3-ebICnrgeRKaHTTYlmrNPaB edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl shB½T§ jatienA
kñúg 1 ¬mYy¦ fñak; nig jatiEdlrs;enACamYyCnrgeRKaH GacTamTarsMNg
195
énkarxUcxatstiGarmμN_Edl)anekIteLIg edaysarmrNPaBrbs;CnrgeRKaH
enaH)an .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 1 sUmemIlmaRta 847 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 2 sUmemIlmaRta
844 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g; cMeBaHkfaxNÐTI 3 sUmemIlmaRta 711 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta
1382 nig maRta 1383 énRkmrdæb,evNI)araMg/ maRta 47 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis .
maRta 761>- karTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedaykarbMBanelIrUbragkay

ebImankarbMBanelIrUbragkay edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl CnrgeRKaHGacTam
TarsMNgénkarxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþi nig karxUcxatstiGarmμN_Edl)anekIt
eLIgcMeBaHxøÜn . karxUcxatelIRTBüsm,tþiEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRtaenH RtUvrYm
bBa©ÚlTaMgesah‘uyBüa)alEdl)ancMNayehIy b¤ esah‘uyBüa)alEdl
RbmaNfanwgRtUvcMNaynaeBlGnaKt R)ak;cMNUlEdlminGacTTYl)anenA
eBlkMBugBüa)al nig R)ak;cMNUlEdlminGacTTYl)anenAeBlGnaKteday
sarplvi)akEdlbnSl;eRkayBIkarBüa)al CaGaT× . karxUcxatEdl)ankMNt;
enAkñúgmaRtaenH RtUvrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgkarQWcab;EpñkstiGarmμN_enAeBlBüa)al nig
eBlGnaKt CaGaT× .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
842 maRta 843 nig maRta 847 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 47 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 762>- karTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatEpñkstiGarmμN_edaysarkar

briharekrþ×
ebImankarbriharekrþ× edayGMeBIGnItüanukUl CnrgeRKaHGacTamTarsMNg
énkarxUcxatstiGarmμN_ edaysarkarGab;»nekrþ×eQμaHkñúgsgÁm .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
196
847 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 49 énc,ab;sþIBIkatBVkic©sVis
maRta 763>- karTUTat;R)ak;cMeNj nig xat
RbsinebICnrgeRKaH)anTTYlplcMeNjedaysarGMeBIGnItüanukUl cMnYn
R)ak;cMeNjenaHRtUvdkecj enAeBleFVIkarKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;énsMNgkarxUc
xat .11
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
BuMmanbBaØtþidUcKñakñúgRkmrdæb,evNICb:uneT
maRta 764>- karTUTat;nUvkMhus
ebIkMhusrbs;CnrgeRKaH b¤ kMhusrbs;GñkEdlmankrNIykic©RtUvRtYt
BinitüCnrgeRKaH )anrYmcMENkkñúgkarekIteLIg b¤ rIkraldalénkarxUcxat tulakar
GacKitBicarNanUvkRmiténkarrYmcMENkenaH enAeBleFVIkarKNnacMnYnTwkR)ak;
énsMNgkarxUcxat .12
¬kMNt;¦
kñúgkarTUTat;kMhusenH kMhusmanPaBxusBIkMhusénl½kçx½NÐénkarTTYlxusRtUv . edaysarkMhusenA
kñúgmaRtaenH RtUv)anKitBicarNafaCamUlehtuedIm,IbnßynUvcMnYnTwkR)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxatEdlcarIRtUvTTYl
bnÞúk kMhusenHmincaM)ac;CaGMeBIEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgniymn½yéncMNuc x énmaRta 742 k¾)anEdr .
ehtudUecñH sßanPaBEdlPaKIxagCnrgeRKaHmankareFVsRbEhs b¤ manbBaðaminsmrmü k¾GackøayeTACa
kMhusEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgmaRtaenH)anEdr .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
kfaxNÐTI 2 maRta 722 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:nu / maRta 254 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;
maRta 765>- GaC£ayukalénkarrMlt;
11
12
197
siTTi§ amTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedayGMeBIGnItüanuklU RtUvrlt;edayGaCJa-
yukal ebIGMLúgeBl 3 ¬bI¦ qñaM )anknøghYs bnÞab;BIeBlEdlCnrgeRKaH b¤
GñktMNagEdlc,ab;)ankMNt;rbs;CnrgeRKaHenaH )andwgfa GacTamTarsMNg
karxUcxatcMeBaHGñkRbRBwtþGMeBIbMBan b¤ ebIGMLúgeBl 10 ¬db;¦ qñaM )anknøghYs
bnÞab;BIGMeBIGnItüanukUlenaHRtUv)anRbRBwtþeLIg .
¬kMNt;¦
edImkalénkarKNnaGaC£ayukalénkarrMlt;siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedayGMeBIGnItüanukUl Edl
manGMLúgeBl 3 qñaMenaH KW {eBlEdlCnrgeRKaH/////////)andwgfa GacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat} )an .
eTaHCasiT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)anekItmaneLIgCak;Esþgk¾eday RbsinebICnrgeRKaHmin)andwgfa Gac
TamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneT k¾CnrgeRKaHenaHminGacTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxat)aneLIy . b:uEnþ
GMLúgeBlGaC£ayukalénkarrMlt;EdlmanEt 3 qñaMenH KWCaGMLúgeBlxøImYy . enAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNICb:un
GaC£ayukalenHk¾manEt 3 qñaMEdr b:uEnþ manmtimYycMnYnfa GMLúgeBlenHmankarBi)akxøaMgsRmab;CnrgeRKaH
edIm,Idak;BakübNþwgTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatedayGMeBIGnItüanukUl enAkñúgsgÁmbc©úb,nñEdlmanPaBkan;Et
sμúKsμajeTA²enH .
¬maRtaBak;B½n§¦
maRta 724 énRkmrdæb,evNICb:un/ maRta 852 énRkmrdæb,evNIGaløWm:g;/ maRta 60 énc,ab;sþIBI
katBVkic©sVis
198

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Clause05 03 K

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េសចកី្តកំណត់

ចំេពះម្រ នីម ួយៗៃន

CMnajkar TIPñak;garshRbtibtþikarGnþrCati énRbeeTsCb:un (JICA) RbcaMRksYgyutþiFm’ ³

maRta 516>- karbegáItkic©snüalk;Tij

¬eKalkarN_énkarbegáItedaykarRBmeRBog¦ . kñúgkrNIEdlcaM)ac;manTRmg; dUcCalixitkic©snüalk;Tij

maRta 517>- karsnüalk;TijCamunedayÉketaPaKI

maRta 518>- R)ak;kk;;

maRta 519>- karlk;edaymankarPøk;sak

maRta 520>- karlk;edaymankareRbIsak

maRta 521>- éfølk;Tij

maRta 522>- esah‘uykñúgkarlk;Tij

maRta 523>- karGnuvtþdUcKñacMeBaHkic©snüaTUeTAEdlyktémøfñÚr

maRta 524>- PaKIénkic©snüalk;Tij

maRta 525>- buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬mYy¦

maRta 526>- buKÁlEdlminGackøayCaGñkTij)an ¬BIr¦

maRta 527>- vtßúEdlGaclk;)an

maRta 528>- karepÞrkmμsiT§i

maRta 529>- krNIykic©RtUvBnül;rbs;Gñklk;

maRta 530>- krNIykic©TUeTArbs;Gñklk;

maRta 531>- krNIykic©RtUvepÞrsiT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñk

maRta 532>- siT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;Gñklk;siT§iGñkdéT

maRta 533>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanacMeBaHkrNIEdlsiT§imYyPaKCasiT§i

maRta 535>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana kñúgkrNIEdlmansiT§iR)atiePaK

maRta 537>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanarbs;Gñklk;siT§ielIbMNul

maRta 538>- karRBmeRBogKñakñúgkarGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúg

maRta 540>- karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFanavikar³

maRta 541>- siT§iCYsCulrbs;Gñklk;

maRta 542>- siT§iTamTar[GnuvtþeBjeljrbs;GñkTij

maRta 543>- siT§irMlaykic©snüarbs;GñkTij

maRta 544>- siT§iTamTar[bnßyéfølk;rbs;GñkTij

maRta 545>- siT§iTamTarsMNgénkarxUcxatrbs;GñkTij

maRta 546>- bBaØtþiBiesssþIBIdIEdlmanTMhMxVH b¤ elIs

maRta 547>- GMLúgeBlEdlGacGnuvtþsiT§i

maRta 548>- kic©snüaBiessEdlGnueRKaH b¤ kRmitnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar

maRta 549>- krNIykic©RbKl;vtßúEdlCakmμvtßú

maRta 550>- viFIRbKl;

maRta 551>- siT§itva:[GnuvtþRBmKña nig siT§itva:edaymankar)armÖ

maRta 552>- krNIykic©rkSaTukvtßúEdlCakmμvtßú

maRta 553>- siT§iTTYlpl

maRta 554>- krNIykic©TUeTArbs;GñkTij

maRta 555>- krNIykic©bg;éføTij

maRta 556>- karR)ak;énéføTij nig R)ak;sMNgénkarxUcxatedaysarkaryWt

maRta 557>- siT§ibdiesFminbg;éføTij kñúgkrNIEdlttiyCnGHGagsiT§irbs;

maRta 558>- siT§itva:[GnuvtþRBmKña nig siT§itva:edaymankar)armÖ

maRta 559>- karyWty:avkñúgkarbMeBjkrNIykic©TTYl

maRta 560>- karsnüaBiessénkarelaH

maRta 561>- GMLúgeBlénkarelaH

maRta 562>- karttaMgénkarsnüaBiessénkarelaH CaGaT×

maRta 563>- viFIGnuvtþsiT§ielaH

maRta 564>- karlk;vtßúEdlCakmμsiT§iGviPaK edaymankarsnüaBiessénkar

maRta 565>- GanuPaBénkarminGnuvtþsiT§ielaH

maRta 566>- Gtßn½y

maRta 567>- karykbBaØtþiénkarlk;TijmkGnuvtþdUcKña

maRta 568>- niymn½y

maRta 569>- karepÞrkmμsiT§i

maRta 570>- RbTankmμEdlmineFVICalayl½kçN_GkSr

maRta 571>- karlubecalRbTankmμedaysarGMeBIrMelaPelITMnukcitþ CaGaT×

maRta 572>- karlubecalRbTankmμedaysarPaBTIT½lRkrbs;Tayk

maRta 573>- GanuPaBénkarlubecalRbTankmμ

maRta 574>- karbnßynUvkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarFana

maRta 575>- RbTankmμedaymankMNt;eBl

maRta 576>- RbTankmμEdlmanP¢ab;bnÞúk

maRta 577>- RbTankmμedaymUlehtumrNPaB