Chapter 2:

Atomic Structure & Bonding

Lecturer:
DR ROZILAH RAJMI
Lesson Outlines
 2.1 - Basic atomic calculations in
molecular weight.
 2.2 - Moles, density and quantity of
atoms.
 2.3 - Bonding: Ionic, metallic, covalent,
Van der Waals and some examples.
 2.4 - Coordination number and atomic
radii relationship
Atomic Structure
 Each atom consists of a very small nucleus
composed of protons and neutrons, which is
encircled by electrons
 Atomic number (Z) = number of proton
 Atomic mass (A) = no of protons + no of neutrons

Atomic
mass

For example:

No of protons
 Atoms of some elements have two or more
different atomic masses (isotopes- same proton
number but different neutrons number).

 Atomic weight – weighted average of the atomic

masses of the atom’s naturally isotopes.
 Atomic weight - Atomic mass unit (amu)
 1 amu = 1/12 of the atomic mass of the most
common isotopes, carbon 12 (A = 12.00000).
 Atomic/Molecular Weight = weight of 6.022 x
1023 molecules or atoms
 In one mole of a substance there are 6.023 x
1023 (Avogadro’s number) atoms or molecules
1amu/atom (or molecule) = 1 g/mol
 Example:
Atomic weight of irons = 55.85 amu/atom = 55.85 g/mol
 Assume that atoms are sphere and round. 1
mole of material has 6.023 x 1023 unit material

Atom/Molecule MW (g/mole) No. of No. of atoms

molecules per per mole
mole
O 16 - 6.023 x 1023
O2 32 6.023 x 1023 2 x 6.023 x1023
Mg 24 - 6.023 x 1023

 Density (g/cm3) = mass/volume

Exercises
One mole of solid MgO occupies a cube 22.37 mm on a side.
Calculate the density of MgO in g/cm3.

Mass of 1 mol of MgO

= atomic mass of Mg + atomic mass of O
= 24.31g + 16.00g = 40.31g

density = mass/volume
= 40.31g/(22.37mm)3 x 10-3cm3/mm3
= 3.60g/cm3
Exercises
Calculate the dimensions of a cubic containing 1 mol of solid
magnesium.

Density of Mg = 1.74g/cm3
Atomic mass of Mg = 24.31 g/mol
Volume of 1 mol = mass/density
= (24.31 g/mol) / (1.74 g/cm3)
= 13.97 cm3/mol
edge of cube = (13.97)1/3 cm
= 2.408 cm x 10 mm/cm
= 24.08 mm
Exercises
Suppose you are given 5 x 1022 atoms of copper. Calculate
the mass in grams and the volume in cm3 represented by
this number of atoms. [Cu: A = 63.55 g/mole; ρ= 8.94
g/cm3; NA = 6.023 X 1023 atoms/mole].

6.023 X 1023 →63.55 g of copper

So in 5 x 1022 → (5 x 1022 x 63.55)/ 6.023 X 1023 = 5.3g

Volume = mass/density = 5.3 g/ (8.94 g/cm3) = 0.59 cm3