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M2 Unit
M2 Unit
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - II
MATHEMATICS (MA2161)
FOR
k /
SECOND SEMESTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS
ANNA UNIVERSITY SYLLABUS . t
b e
t u
s e
/ c
: /
t p
This text contains some of the most important short-answer (Part A) and long-
answer questions (Part B) and their answers. Each unit contains 30 university
h t
questions. Thus, a total of 150 questions and their solutions are given. A student
who studies these model problems will be able to get pass mark (hopefully!!).
JANUARY, 2009
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
Part – A
1
3x
x 3x
G.S : y e A cos B sin
2
2 2
where A, B are arbitrary constants.
k /
.t
Problem 2 Find the particular integral of D 2 a 2 y b cos ax c sin ax.
Solution:
b e
Given D 2 a 2 y b cos ax c sin ax.
t u
P.I b
1
D a2 2
cos ax c. 2
1
D a2
sin ax.
s e
bx sin ax cx cos ax
/ c
x
2a 2a
b sin ax c cos ax . : /
2a
t p
h t
Problem 3 Find the particular integral of D 1 y e x cos x .
2
Solution:
1
P.I e x cos x
D 1
2
e x
cos x
D 1 1
2
1
e x cos x
D2
1
e x sin x
D
x
e cos x.
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1
x4
D 2
4 1
4
1
1 D2 4
1 x
4 4
1 D2 D4 4
1 x
4 4 16
1 4.3x 2 4.3.2.1
x4
4 4 16
k /
1 3
x 4 3x2 .
4 2
.t
Problem 5 Solve D 2 6 D 9 y e 2 x x3 . b e
Solution: t u
The A.E is m 2 6m 9 0
s e
m 3 0
m 3, 3
2
/ c
C.F: A Bx e 3x
: /
1
t e 2 x x 3
p
h t
D 3
e 2 x
2
x3
D 2 3
2
e 2 x
x 3 e2 x 1 D x3
2
1 D
2
P.I e 2 x 1 2 D 3D 2 4 D 3 x 3
e 2 x x3 2 3 x 2 3 3.2 x 4 3.2.1
e 2 x x 3 6 x 2 18 x 24
G.S. y A Bx e 3 x x 3 6 x 2 18 x 24 e 2 x .
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
Problem 6 Solve D 2 2 D 1 y x
Solution:
2 4 4
The A.E is m 2 2m 1 0 m y
2
m 1 2
1 2 x 1 2 x
C.F: Ae Be Ae x e 2x
Be x e 2x
1
P.I 2 x
D 2D 1
1
x
1 2 D D 2
1 2D D 2 x
1
P.I 1 2 D D 2 x x 2
G.S: y e x Ae 2x
Be 2x
x 2. k /
.t
Problem 7 Find the particular integral D 2 4 D 5 y e2 x cos x
b e
Solution:
t u
P.I 2
1
D 4D 5
e2 x cos x
s e
1
D 2 1
2 e2 x cos x
/ c
e 2 x : / 1
p
cos x
D 2 2 1
2
e 2 x
1
t t
xe 2 x
h
D 1
2
cos x
P.I sin x.
2
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1
1
P.I 2 D 2
1 2 2
D 2 1
G.S: x A cos t B sin t 2.
1
D 3D 2 6 D
8 1
3
x
k /
8
1 D3 3D 2 6 D
1
.t
1
8 8 x
b e
1 D 3 3D 2 6 D
1 .. x t u
8 8
s e
1 6 1
x x .
8 8 8
3
4 / c
Complete solution is y C.F P.I
: /
1
p
3
y C1 e x C2 e 2 x C3e 4 x x .
t 8 4
h t
Problem 10 Solve the equation D 2 4 D 13 y e 2 x
Solution:
Given D 2 4 D 13 y e 2 x
The A.E is m 2 4m 13 0
4 16 52
m
2
4 36
2
4 6i
2 3i
2
C.F y e2 x A cos 3x B sin 3x
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1
P.I. e2 x
D 4 D 13
2
1 1
e2 x e2 x
4 8 13 9
G.S: y C.F P.I
e2 x
y e 2 x A cos 3 x B sin 3x .
9
m 0, m 1, m i b e
C.F C1 e0 x C2 e x C3e x C4 cos x C5 sin x
t u
P.I
1
D D 5
12e x
s e
1
12e x Replacing D by 1 / c
1 1
x
:
12e x Replacing D by 1
/
5D 4 1
t p
x
5 1 t x
12e x 12e x 3xe x
h 4
G.S. y C.F P.I
C1 C2 e x C3e x C4 cos x C5 sin x 3xe x .
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
7 x e e 3 x
3x
1
e
D 2 5D 6 2
1 1 1
2 e 4 x 2 e10 x
2 D 5D 6 D 5D 6
1 e 4 x
e 10 x
2 16 20 6 10 50 6
1 e4 x e10 x
2 2 34
e 4 x e 10 x
G.S. y C1e 2 x C2 e 3 x .
4 68
1 1
ex ex : /
1 3 4 2
x t
0 p
3D 6 D 4
2
1 h t ex
e x Replacing D by 1
36 4
xe x
G.S: y C.F . P.I
Ae x e x B cos x C sin x xe x .
d2y dy
Problem 14 Solve the equation 2
4 4 y e 2 x
dx dx
Solution:
Given D 2 4 D 4 y e 2 x
The A.E is m 2 4m 4 0
m2 2 m 2 0
7
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
m 2, 2
C.F.: Ax B e2 x
1
P.I e 2 x
D 4D 4
2
1
e 2 x Replacing D by - 2
2 4 2 4
2
1
e2 x Dr is 0
4 8 4
x
e2 x Replacing D by -2
2D 4
x
e 2 x
2 2 4
x 2 2 x
Dr is 0
2
e
x2 k /
G.S is y Ax B e 2 x e 2 x .
2
.t
Problem 15 Solve the equation D 2 2 D 1 y e x 3 b e
Solution:
t u
Given D 2 2 D 1 y e x 3
s e
The A.E is m 2 2m 1 0
m 1 m 1 0 / c
m 1, 1
: /
C.F.: Ax B e x
t p
P.I = P.I1 P.I 2
P.I1 2
1 h
e x
t
D 2D 1
1
e x Replacing D by -1
1 2 1 1
2
1
e x
1 2 1
x
e x Dr is 0
2D 2
x
e x Replacing D by -1
2 1 2
1
PI 2 3e0 x
D 2D 1
2
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1
3e0 x Replacing D by 0
0 2 0 1
2
x2 x
G.S is y Ax B e x e 3.
2
Part-B
Solution:
The A.E. is m 2 2m 8 0
m 4 m 2 0
m 2, 4
C.F.: Ae 2 x Be 4 x
R.H.S 4 cosh x sin 3 x e 2 x e x 1
2
k /
e x e x e3 x e 3 x . t
e e 1
x 2
4
2
2
2x
b e
e e e e e 4 x 2e3 x e 2 x 1
4x 2 x 2x 4 x
t u
e
1
2 x
4 x
e 2e 1e
e2 x
3x
1
0x
s e
e4 x 2e3x e0 x
P.I.
D 4 D 2 D 4 D 2
/ c
1
2 4 D 2
e 2 x
: / e 4 x
2e3 x
1
8 2 1 5 4 2
t
xe2 x e4 x 2e3 x 1
p
6
16
h t
5
xe
2 x
8
e4 x 2e3 x 1
G.S is y Ae 2 x Be 4 x .
6 16 5 8
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1
cos 6 x cos 4 x 1 cos 2 x
4
2 cos A cos B cos A B cos A B A 3 x, B 2 x
1
P.I. sin 2 x cos x cos 2 x cos 3 x
D 1
2
d2y dy
Problem 4 Solve 2
6 9 y sin x cos 2 x .
dx dx
Solution:
The A.E is m 2 6m 9 0
m 3 0
2
m 3, 3.
C.F.: A Bx e 3x
2sin x cos 2 x 1
R.H.S sin 3x sin x
2 2
10
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1
sin 3x sin x
2
2sin A cos B sin A B sin A B A x, B 2 x
1 1 1 1
P.I. sin 3 x sin x
2 D 3 2
2 D 3 2
1 1 1 1
sin 3x sin x
2 D 6D 9
2
2 D 6D 9
2
1 1 1 1
P.I. sin 3 x sin x
2 9 6 D 9 2 1 6 D 9
1 1 1 1
sin 3x sin x
12 D 2 8 6D
cos 3x
4 3D sin x
12 3 4 4 3D 4 3D
1 1 1 k /
cos 3x
36 4 16 9 D 2
4sin x 3cos x
.t
1
cos 3x
36
1 4sin x 3cos x
4 16 9 b e
cos 3x sin x 3cos x
t u
36 25 100
s e
Problem 5 Solve D 2 4 y x 4 cos2 x
/ c
Solution:
The A.E. is m 2 4 0 : /
m 2i
t
C.F.: A cos 2 x B sin 2 x
p
P.I 2
1
x4 2h t
1 1 cos 2 x
D 4 D 4 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
x4 e0 x cos 2 x
4 D 2
2 D 4
2
2 D2 4
1
4
x sin 2 x
1
1 D2 4 1
1 x
4 4 2 4 2 2 2
1 D 2 D 4 4 1 x sin 2 x
1 x
4 4 16 8 8
x 4 12 x 2 4.3.2.1 1 x sin 2 x
4 16 64 8 8
11
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
4 3 x 2 x 4 x sin 2 x
G.S. is y A cos 2 x B sin 2 x
8 4 4 8
Solution:
The A.E is m 2 2m 1 0
2 4 4
m 1 2
2
1 2 x 1 2 x
C.F.: Ae Be
e x e x
P.I. 2
1
x 2 xe e D 2 2D 1 cos 2 x 2
2 x x 1
D 2 D 1
1 1
x2 x2
D 2
2 D 1 1 2 D D
2
/
1 2 D D 2 2 D D 2 .... x 2
2
t k
1 2 D D 4 D x x
2 2 2 2
e .
x 2 4 x 5 2
u b
1
D 2D 1
x 2 x 2 4 x 10
e t
2
2 2e x
c s
D 2D 1
2
xe x
x
D 1 2 D 1 1
2
/
/
2e x 2
1
D 2D 1 2D 2 1 p
x :
2
2e x
t t
x
D 4D 2
2e x
h 1
x
2 D2
1 2 D
2
1
D2
e 1 2 D
x
x
2
D2
e x 1 2 D ... x
2
e 1 2 D x
x
2
xe x e x x 2 x 2 e x
D 2 D 1
2
12
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1 1 e2 x
e 2x
e 2x
D 2 2D 1 4 4 1 7
1 e x cos 2 x 1 e x cos 2 x
D 2 2D 1 2 D2 2D 1 2
e x
1 e x 1
cos 2 x cos 2 x
2 D 1 2 D 1 1
2
2 D 1 2 D 1 1
2
ex 1 e x 1
cos 2 x cos 2 x
2 D2 2D 1 2D 2 1 2 4 2
e x 2 D 1 cos 2 x e x
cos 2 x
2 2 2 D 1 2 D 1 12
ex 1 e x cos 2 x
2.2sin 2 x cos 2 x
2 2 4 D 2 1 12
e x 4sin 2 x cos 2 x e x cos 2 x
16 1
k /
4
e x cos 2 x 4sin 2 x
12
e x cos 2 x .t
17
12
b e
The General Solution is
y Ae
1 2 x
Be
1 2 x
10 4 x x
e2 x
x 2 ext u
2
7
s e
e x
cos 2 x 4sin 2 x
17
e
12
x
cos 2 x
/ c
Problem 7 Solve D 2 4 y x 2 cos 2 x : /
Solution: t p
The A.E is m 2 4 0
m 2 4 h t
m 2 i
C.F.: A cos 2 x B sin 2 x
P.I 2
1
D 4
x 2 cos 2 x
1 e2ix
R.P of 2 x 2ei 2 x R.P. of x2
D 4 D 2i 4
2
1
P.I. R.P of e 2ix x2
D 4iD 4 4
2
1 1
R.P of e2ix 2 x 2 R.P of e2ix x2
D 4iD D D 4i
13
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1 1
R.P of e2ix x2
D D
4i 1
4i
1
e 2ix 1 D 2
R.P of 1 x
4i D 4i
e2ix 1 D D 2 2
R.P of 1 x
4i D 4i 16
ie 2ix x3 x 2 x
R.P of
4 3 4i 8
ie2ix x3 ix 2 x
R.P of
4 3 4 8
e 2ix x3i x 2 ix
R.P of
4 3 4 8
cos 2 x sin 2 x x i x k /
R.P of
4
3
3 2
4
ix
8
.t
1 x cos 2 x x sin 2 x x sin 2 x
2
3
b e
4 4 3 8
t u
P.I.
1 x 2 cos 2 x x3 sin 2 x x sin 2 x
4
8 s e
4 3
1 C1 D ai C2 D ai
1 1
C1 , C2
2ia 2ia
14
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1 1 1 1
P.I. sec ax sec a x
2ia D ai 2ia D ai
1 1 eaix aix
2ia
sec ax e sec a x dx
2ia D ai
e aix aix e aix aix
2ia 2ia
e sec a x dx e sec a x dx
e aix i e
aix
i
x log sec ax x log sec ax
2ia a 2ia a
2 x e e 2i
aix aix
e e
aix aix
2
log sec ax
2a 2i
2ia 2
k /
x 1
sin ax 2 log sec ax cos ax
. t
a
1
a
2 ax sin ax cos ax log cos ax b e
a
G.S. is y C.F P.I . t u
s
Problem 9 Solve D 2 4 D 3 y e x sin x xe3 x .
e
Solution: / c
The A.E is m 2 4m 3 0
: /
m 1 m 3 0
m 1, 3 t p
h
C.F.: Ae x Be 3 x t
1 1
P.I e x sin x xe3 x
D 3 D 1 D 1 D 3
e x e3 x
sin x x
D 1 3 D 1 1 D 3 1 D 3 3
1 1
e x sin x e3 x x
D 2 D D 4 D 6
D2 1
e x cos x e3 x 2 x
D 2 D 2 D 10 D 24
1 e3 x 1
e x sin x 2 cos x x
D2 4 24
1
10 D D 2
24 24
15
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1
1 e3 x 5 D D 2
P.I. e x
1
24 12 24
sin x 2 cos x x
D2 4
e x sin x 2 cos x e3 x 5 D
1 x
1 4 24 12
e x
sin x 2 cos x x
e3 x 5
5 24 12
x
sin x 2 cos x x .
e e3 x 5
G.S. is y Ae x Be 3 x
5 24 12
.t
dt
3
3x 2 b e
dx
3x e 2
z
t u
1
x ez
3
2
3 s e
Let 3x 2 D 3D
/ c
3x 2
2
D 2 9 D D 1
: /
p1 2 1 2
9 D D 1 3 3D 36 y 3 e z 4 e z 1
t 3 3 3 3
h t 1 4 4 4 8
9 D2 9 D 9 D 36 y 3 e 2 z e z e z 1
9 9 9 3 3
1 4 4 4 8
9 D2 36 y e2 z e z e z 1
3 3 3 3 3
1 2z 1
e
3 3
A.E is 9m 36 0
2
9m 2 36
m2 4
m 2
C.F Ae 2 z Be 2 z
A 3x 2 B 3x 2
2 2
16
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
1 e2 z
P.I1
9 D2 36 3
1 1
. e2 z
3 36 36
1 1 2z
z e
3 18D
1 e2 z
z
54 2
1
ze2 z
108
1
log 3x 2 3x 2
2
108
1 e0 z
P.I 2
9 D12 36 3
1 1 0z
. e
1
k /
3 36
y C.F P.I1 PI 2
108
. t
A 3x 2 B 3 x 2
2 21
b e
3x 2 log 3x 2
2 1
A 3x 2 B 3x 2
2 2
108
1
t u 108
3x 2 log 3x 2 1 .
2
108
s e
/ c
Problem 11 Solve D 2 5D 4 e x sin 2 x x 2 1where D
d
.
:/
dx
Solution:
The A.E m2 5m 4 0
m 4 or m 1 t p
ht
C.F Ae 4 x Be x
P.I 2
1
D 5D 4
e x sin 2 x 2 x 2 1
e3 x
1
sin 2 x
1
x 2 1
D 1 5 D 1 4 D 5D
2 2
4 1
4
1 5D 5D 2 2
x 1
1
e3 x 2 sin 2 x 1
D 3D 4 4 16
e x
2sin 2 x 3cos 2 x x 2 x
1 5 13
26 4 2 8
G.S : y C.F . P.I
17
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
e x
2sin 2 x 3cos 2 x x2 x .
1 5 13
y Ae 4 x Be x
26 4 2 8
2
d y dy
Problem 12 Solve x 2 2 4 x 6 y sin log x .
dx dx
Solution:
d2y dy
Given equation is x 2
4 x 6 y sin log x .
2
dx dx
x D 4 xD 6 y sin log x 1
2 2
Put x e z or z log x
xD D 2
d
x 2 D 2 D D 1 3 Where D denotes
dz
sin z
3D 1
3D 1
sin z
9 D 2 1
3D 1 sin z Replace D2 by 1
9 1 1
3D sin z sin z
10
3cos z sin z
10
The solution of (4) is
3cos z sin z
y Ae z Be 2 z
10
18
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
19
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
5e 2t 5t 45
5 y 5 Ae 2t 5 Be 7 t
6 7 98
7e2t 5t 1 45
D 5 y 3 Ae2t 2 Be 7 t
6 7 7 98
2 2 x D 5 y e 2t
7e2t 5t 31 2t
3 Ae2t 2 Be7t e
6 7 98
3 A 2t 7 5t 31
x e Be 7 t e 2 t
2 72 14 196
The General solution is
3 A 2t e2t 5t 31
x e Be7t
2 12 14 196
e 2t t 9
y Ae2t Be 7 t .
6 7 98
k /
Problem 14 Solve:
d2y
. t
y tan x by method of variation of parameters
Solution:
dx 2
b e
A.E is m 2 1 0
m i t u
C.F = c1 cos x c2 sin x
s e
P.I PI1 PI 2
f1 cos x ; f 2 sin x / c
f1 sin x ; f 2 cos x : /
f 2 f1 f1f 2 1
t p
Now, P
h t f2 X
f f ff
1 2
dx
1 2
20
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Unit. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations
d2y
Problem 15 Solve by the method of variation of parameters 4 y sec 2 x
dx 2
Solution:
The A.E is m 2 4 0
m 2i
C.F = c1 cos 2 x c2 sin 2 x
P.I = Pf1 + Qf2
f1 = cos 2x; f2 = sin 2x
f1 2sin 2 x ; f 2 2 cos 2 x
f f ff 2
2 1 1 2
Now, P
f2 X
f1 f 2 f1 f 2
dx
k /
= sin 2 x sec 2 xdx . t
2
= 1 tan 2 xdx 1 log cos 2 x b e
2 4
t u
Q
f1 X
f1 f 2 f1 f 2
dx
s e
= 1 cos 2 x sec 2 xdx 1 x
/ c
2
y = C.F + Pf1 + Qf2
2
: /
p
= c1 cos 2 x c2 sin 2 x 1 log cos 2 x cos 2 x 1 x sin 2 x .
tt
4 2
21
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