Surveying

Session 1:
Introduction to Surveying

Putri Arumsari, ST., MT. (D5661)

Subject Matter Expert
Outline

• Definition of surveying
• History of surveying
• Types of surveying
• Measurement units & Scale

Bina Nusantara University 2

Definition of Surveying
Surveying is the art and science of taking field
measurements include horizontal and vertical distances,
slope distances, angles and coordinate.

Bina Nusantara University 3

Definition of Surveying
1. Surveys are made to collect data, which can then be
drawn to scale on a plan or map (preliminary surveys
or pre-engineering surveys).
2. Field surveys are made to lay out dimensions taken
from a design plan and thus define precisely the
location of the proposed construction facility.

Bina Nusantara University 4

History of Surveying
Land Surveying is one of the oldest professions in the
world. The first land surveys date back to nearly 3,000
years ago, when Egyptian Surveyors subdivided the
fertile land around the Nile River and worked on re-
marking the land after the annual flooding of the Nile
River.

Bina Nusantara University 5

 Types of Surveying

• As-built survey: a survey that documents the location of

recently constructed elements of a construction project. As
built surveys are done for record, completion evaluation and
payment purposes. An as-built survey is also known as a
'works as executed survey'. As built surveys are often
presented in red or redline and laid over existing plans for
comparison with design information.
• Foundation survey: a survey done to collect the positional
data on a foundation that has been poured and is cured.
This is done to ensure that the foundation was constructed
in the location, and at the elevation, authorized in the plot
plan, site plan, or subdivision plan.

Bina Nusantara University 6

 Types of Surveying

• Hydrographic survey: a survey conducted with the purpose of

mapping the shoreline and bed of a body of water. Used for
navigation, engineering, or resource management purposes.
• Deformation survey: a survey to determine if a structure or
object is changing shape or moving. First the positions of
points on an object are found. A period of time is allowed to
pass and the positions are then re-measured and calculated.
Then a comparison between the two sets of positions is
made.
• Leveling: either finds the elevation of a given point or
establish a point at a given elevation.

Bina Nusantara University 7

 Types of Surveying

• Mining surveying: Mining surveying includes directing the

digging of mine shafts and galleries and the calculation of
volume of rock. It uses specialized techniques due to the
restraints to survey geometry such as vertical shafts and
narrow passages.
• Photographic control survey: A survey that creates reference
marks visible from the air to allow aerial photographs to be
rectified.
• Topographic survey: a survey that measures the elevation of
points on a particular piece of land, and presents them as
contour lines on a plot.

Bina Nusantara University 8

 Measurement units & Scale

a. Distance Measurement
Used metric systems, such as meter, kilometer, centimeter,
etc
b. Area Measurement
Ex. m2 (square meter), km2 (square kilometer), are (1 are =
100 m2), hectare (1 ha = 10,000 m2)
c. Volume Measurement
Ex. m3 (cubic meter), km3 (cubic kilometer),
d. Angle Measurement
Secsagesimale:
Divided circle in 360 degrees,
1 degree = 60 minutes,
1 minutes = 60 seconds.

Bina Nusantara University 9

 Measurement units & Scale

• Scale on the map is the ratio of distance on the map and

true distance at the earth surface.
• This scale enables to draw wide area on the paper with
limited size.

Scale could be described as:

a. Number ratio, example:
“1 : 10,000” or “1 : 250” etc
b. Graphical Scale: a line, use to describe the distance on the
map which equivalent to certain actual distance (e.g. 1 km).
This scale line is usually divided into some parts (normally 10
parts) to facilitate the map reading.
Generally the scale sign lay on the bottom side of map.

Bina Nusantara University 10

 Measurement units & Scale

Scale functions at map:

• To enable of the wide area of earth surface drawing into
limited paper size.
• Can be used to assist the measurement of actual distance at
the earth surface.

Scale can be divided into 2 types:

• Large Scale
To draw the small area, example “1 : 10” or “1 : 20” or “1: 50” etc.
Use for detail drawing of a location.
• Small Scale
To draw the large area, example “1 : 500” or “1: 25,000” etc.
Use for drawing of the wide area of earth surface.

Bina Nusantara University 11

THANK YOU

Bina Nusantara University 12