mßÉfþoh 06

jHdmdr ixúOdk
fuu mßÉfþoh u.ska my; ±lafjk lreKq ms<sn| j idlÉPd flf¾'

6'1 jHdmdr ixúOdk ye¢kaùu

6'2 jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. ls Í u
6'3 flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr
6'4 yjq,a jHdmdr
6'5 ixia:dms; iud.ï

61
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
6'1 jHdmdr ixúOdk ye¢kaùu

j¾;udkfha § mqoa.,hkag ;u wjYH;d iy jqjukd bgqlr §u ms‚i úúO

jHdmdr iyh fõ' fï wkqj mqoa.,hkaf.a ffoksl Ôú;fha ish¨ u ld¾hhka iu.
jHdmdr iïnkaO fõ' ffoksl ñksia wjYH;d jk wdydrmdk weÿïme<÷ï wdÈh
muKla fkdj ish¨ u tÈfkod wjYH;d yd jqjukd imqrd .ekSu i|yd jHdmdrj,
ueÈy;aùula olakg ,efí' fuu jHdmdr úúO wdldrhg ixúOdkh ù we;' tu tla
tla ixúOdk ms<sn| j wOHhkh lsÍu fuys § wfmalaId flf¾'

ksoiqka (-
Tn Ndú; lrk fmd;am;a" mEka" mekai,a hkd§ NdKav
nexl= fiajd" rlaIK fiajd wdÈh imhk úúO wdh;k

l%shdldrlu 01

Tn ksjfia tÈfkod jqj ukdjka lsysm hla ola j d ta j d imq r d .ekS u g iyh jk
jHdmdr wdh;k kï lrkak '

wkq
jqjukdj jHdmdr wdh;kh
wxlh
01'

02'

03'

04

05'

by; l%shdldrlfuys kshe¨Kq Tng ;u wjYH;d iy jqjukd imqrd.ekSu ms‚i

úúO md¾Yajhkaf.a iyh ,nd.ekSug isÿjk nj;a" fï ish,a, miqmi jHdmdr
mj;sk nj;a meyeÈ,s jkq we;' jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍug yd mj;ajdf.k hdug
mqoa.,hka lKavdhï f,iska ixúOdkh úh hq;= h' fufia fmdÿ wruqKla bgqlr
.ekSu ms‚i talrdYs jQ mqoa., lKavdhulska ieÿï,;a tall ixúOdk kï fõ' fï
wkqj j¾;udkfha § ñksiqkaf.a wjYH;d iy jqjukd bgqlsÍu ms‚i úúO jHdmdr
ixúOdk ìysù we;'

62
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
ñksia wjYH;d iy jqjukd imqrd,Su ms‚i iSñ; iïm;a Ndú; lrñka ,dN bmehSu"
iudc iqNidOkh fyda fjk;a lsishï wruqKla bgqlr .ekSu ms‚i NdKav yd
fiajd ksIamdokh yd fnod yeÍfï ksr; jk wdh;k -jHdmdr ixúOdk fõ'

´kEu jHdmdr ixúOdkhl fmdÿfõ olakg ,efnk ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

P fmdÿ wruqKla mej;Su

P iSñ; iïm;a Ndú;h
P iduQysl iïnkaO;djla mej;Su
P wd¾Ól lghq;a;l kshe,Su
P mqoa., lKavdhula tAlrdYS ù isàu ^whs;slrejka" fiajlhka wdÈh&

6'2 jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. ls Í u

j¾;udkfha § ñksiqkaf.a wjYH;d yd jqjukd imqrd,Su ms‚i úúO jHdmdr

ixúOdk j¾. f.dvk.df.k we;'

fufia ks¾udKh ù ;sfnk úúO iajrEmfha jHdmdr ixúOdk" úúO ks¾Kdhl wkqj
j¾. l< yels h' tAjd w;ßka nyq, j Ndú; jk my; ±lafjk m%Odk ks¾Kdhl
muKla i,ld nef,a'

P ysñldr;ajh wkqj
P wruqK wkqj

ysñldr;ajh wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lsÍu

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug uQ,H iïm;aa imhd we;s wdldrh mokï lr .ksñka
jHdmdrfha ysñldr;ajh úia;r flf¾' jHdmdrhg iïm;a fhdojk md¾Yaj
ysñlrejka f,i ye¢kafõ' jHdmdrhla Wmhk ,dN- fyda w,dN N=la;s ú¢kafka
jHdmdrfha ysñlrefjda h'

ysñldr;ajh mokï lr.ksñka jHdmdr ixúOdk my; ±lafjk f,i j¾. flf¾'

P fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHdmdr

P rdcH wxYfha jHdmdr

63
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
jHdmdrj,g mqoa.,fhl= fyda mqoa., lKavdhula uQ,H iïm;a fhdod we;s úg tajdfha
ysñldr;ajh fm!oa.,sl wxYh i;= fõ' túg tajd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHdmdr fõ'

tfiau jHdmdr i|yd rch uQ,H iïm;a fhdod we;s úg § tajdfha ysñldr;ajh rch
i;= jk w;r túg tajd rdcH wxYfha jHdmdr f,i ye¢kafõ'

ysñldr;ajh wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. l< yels wdldrh my; oelafõ'

jHdmdr ixúOdk

fm!oa.,sl wxYfha rdcH^fmdÿ& wxYfha

jHdmdr ixúOdk jHdmdr ixúOdk

ksoiqka (-- ksoiqka (--

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr fomd¾;fïka ; =
yjq,a jHdmdr rdcH ixia : d
ixia:dms; iud.ï rdcH iud.ï

rEmh 6'1 ysñ ldß;aj h wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. ls Í u

wruqK wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdkh j¾. lsÍu

jHjidhlfhda úúO wruqKq idlaId;a lr.ekSfï wNs,dYfhka jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k

h;s' jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hk wruqqKq wkqj tajd my; i|yka mßÈ j¾. l< yels h'

P ,dN wruqK lr.;a jHdmdr

P ,dN wruqKq lrfkd.;a jHdmdr

jHjidhlhl= jHdmdrhla mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nkafka msßjehla orñka NdKav yd

fiajd fjf<om<g bÈßm;a fldg ,dN bmehSu m%Odk wruqK lrf.k kï" tjeks
jHdmdr ,dN wruqKq lr.;a jHdmdr f,i ye¢kafõ'

ksoiqka (-
fm!oa.,sl frday,a
fm!oa.,sl nexl=
iqmsß fjf<|ie,a
weÕ¿ï ksIamdok wdh;k

64
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
tfiau iuyr jHdmdrj, m%Odk wruqK msßjehla ord NdKav yd fiajd iemhSu
;=<ska ,dN bmehSu fkdj idudchSh jYfhka m%;s,dN ,nd §uhs' tjeks jHdmdr ,dN
wruqKq lr fkd.;a jHdmdr f,i ye¢kafõ'

ksoiqka (-
r;= l=rei ixúOdkh
isxy iudch
i¾fjdaoh
l%Svd ix.ï

,dN wruqKq lr.;a jHdmdr iy ,dN wruqKq lr fkd.;a jHdmdr fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
fukau rdcH wxYfha o l%shd;aul fõ' wruqK mokï lr .ksñka jHdmdr ixúOdk
j¾. lsÍu 6'2 rEmh u.ska ksrEmKh flf¾'

jHdmdr ixúOdk

,dN wruqKq lr.;a ,dN wruqKq lrfkd.;a

jHdmdr ixúOdk jHdmdr ixúOdk
rEmh 6'2 wruqKq wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lsÍu

ls%hdldrlu 02
Tnf.a tosfkod cSú;fha jqjukdjka bgqlr .kakd wdh;k lsysmhla i|yka lr tu
wdh;k iïnkaO j f;dr;=re my; § we;s j.=jg wkqj iïmQ¾K lrkak'

wkq
wdh;kh wruqK ysñldr;ajh
wxlh
01 iqmsß fjf<|i, ,dNh fm!oa.,sl
02
03
04
05

65
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
by; f;dr;=re wOHhkh l< Tng jHjidhlhka úiska wdrïN fldg mj;ajd f.k
hk jHdmdr úúO mokï Tiafia j¾.l< yels nj wjfndaO ù we;ehs is;uq' fuu
jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. w;=ßka ;ukag jvd;a u iqÿiq jHdmdr ixúOdkh l=ula oehs
f;dardf.k th mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd jHjidhlfhl= olaI úh hq;= h'

fuu mßÉfþofha wm idlÉPd lrkq ,nkafka ysñldr;ajh mokï lr .ksñka

mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk fm!oa.,sl wxYfha my; ±lafjk jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.
ms<sn| j mu‚'

P flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr

P yjq,a jHdmdr
P ixia:dms; iud.ï

6'3 flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr

j¾;udkfha fndfyda jHjidhlhka úiska

wdrïNfldg mj;ajdf.k hk jHdmdr
ixúOdk j¾.hla f,i flaj, iajdñ
jHdmdr y÷kd.; yels h' fïjd tal mqoa.,
jHdmdr" ;ks mqoa., jHdmdr hk kïj,ska o
ye¢kafõ' jHjidhlhkag iq¿ m%d.aOkhlska
b;d myiqfjka fïjd wdrïN l< yels
neúka f,dj iEu rglu mdfya fuu jHdmdr
ixúOdk j¾.h jHdma; ù we;s nj fmfka'
rEmh 6'3
ysñldß;ajh ;ks mqoa.,fhl= i;=" whs;slre úiska u wdrïN fldg jHdmdr lghq;=
mj;ajd f.k hk jHdmdr -flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr fõ'

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj, uQ,sl ,laIK

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj, uQ,sl ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

P m%d.aOkh whs;slre úiska fhoùu

jHdmdrhla wdrïN ls Í ug wjYHjk úúO iïm;a ,nd .ekS u i|yd uQ , s l

m%d.aOkhla wjYH fõ' tu m%d.aOkh whs;slre úiska u iemhsu flaj, iajdñ
jHdmdrhl ,laIKhls' ;ud b;sß lr.;a uqo,lska" kEoE ys;ñ;=rkaf.ka imhd.;a
uqo,lska" ;u j;alula úl=Kd fyda wemhg ;nd ,nd.;a Kh uqo,lska fyda uQ,H
wdh;khlska ,nd.;a Kh uqo,lska jeks úúO ud¾.j,ska jHdmdrhg m%d.aOkh
imhd .; yels h'
66
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
P ysñldr;ajh ;ks mqoa.,fhl= i;= ùu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj,g wjYH m%d.aOkh imhkafka ;ks mqoa.,fhl= neúka

tajdfha ysñldr;ajh o m%d.aOkh iemhQ tu mqoa.,hdgu ysñ fõ'

P ,dN fyda mdvq ;ks j N=la;s ú£u

jHdmdrh úiska Wmhk ,dNh jHdmdrfha whs;slre i;= fõ' tfiau jHdmdrhg
w,dNhla we;s jqjfyd;a th o whs;slreg ;ks j ú| ord .ekSug isÿfõ'

P wLKav meje;aula fkdue;s ùu

jHjidhlhdf.a urKh" isysúl,aùu fyda fjk hï wl¾uKH;djhl § tu

jHdmdrfha meje;au wjika úh yels h'

P whs;slref.a j.lSu wiSñ; ùu

j.lSu hkqfjka idudkHfhka woyia jkafka jHdmdrh i|yd ndysr md¾Yajhkaf.ka

,nd.;a Kh mshùu i|yd we;s ne£uhs' fujeks jHdmdrj, whs;slref.a j.lSu
wiSñ; fõ' tkï jHdmdßlhd i;= fm!oa.,sl foam, mjd jHdmdrfha j.lSï mshùug
lem lsÍug isÿúh yels njhs'

P ,shdmÈxÑh wksjd¾h fkdùu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu wksjd¾h fkdfõ' tfia jqj o ;u jHdmdrh
,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu b;d m%fhdackj;a fõ' tfia ,shdmÈxÑ lrkafka kï th jHdmdr
kdu ,shdmÈxÑh fõ' fuys § ,shdmÈxÑ lrkqfha jHdmdrfha ku fõ' jHdmdr kduh
,shdmÈxÑh isÿ flfrkafka 1918 wxl 06 ork jHdmdr kdu wd× mk; wkqj wÞ<
m<d;a iNdfõ jHdmdrh mj;sk n, m%foaYfha m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,fhks'

P ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla fkdue;s ùu

fujeks jHdmdrj,g jHdmdrfha kñka kS;suh lghq;=j, fhÈh fkdyels nj ñka
woyia flf¾' tfia lsÍug wjYH kï jHdmdßlhdf.a fm!oa.,sl kñka tajd isÿ
l< hq;= fõ'

ksoiqka (-
kvq mejÍu" nexl= Kh .ekSu" r: jdyk ñ, § .ekSu jeks lghq;=
jHdmdr kdufhka fkdj whs;slref.a kñka l< hq;= h'

67
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
P whs;slref.a wNsu;h mßÈ jHdmdrh fufyhúh yels ùu
ksoiqka (-
fiajlhka n|jd .ekSu yd bj;a lsÍu
jHdmdr lghq;= mq¿,a lsÍu
NdKavj, ñ, ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu myiq jqj o" ta i|yd jHjidhlfhl= úiska
m%dfhda.sl j wkq.ukh l< hq;= mshjr lsysmhls' tajd my; i|yka mßÈ fõ'

P jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug n,dfmdfr;a ; = jk n, m% f oa Y fha m% d foa Y s h f,a l ï

ld¾hd,fhka my; ±lafjk b,a¨ï m;% ,nd .ekSu

1' ;ks mqoa., jHdmdr kduhla ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd jQ b,a¨ï m;%h
2' jHdmr kdu ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd jQ .%du ks<Odß jd¾;djg wod< b,a¨ïm;%h

P .%du ks<Odß iy;sl l< jd¾;dj yd iïmQ¾K lrk ,o wdlD;s m;%h ,shdmosxÑ
lsÍug wod< .dia;=j iu. m%dfoaYsh f,alï fj; Ndr§u

by; ,shlshú,s yd .dia;= f.ùfuka miq j tajd ms<sn| m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska
lreKq fidhd n,d ms<s.kafka kï jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lr jHdmdr kduh ,shdmÈxÑ
lsÍfï iy;slh ksl=;a flf¾'

ls%hdldrlu 03
flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug wÞ< wdlD;s m;% imhd .kak'
01' tu wdlD;s m;%j, úuid we;s lreKq ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
02' Tfí hy¿jka iu. idlÉPd lr tu f,aLk iïmQ¾K lsÍug wjYH
f;dr;=re f.dkq lrkak'

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj, jdis

P iq¿ m%d.aOkhlska jqjo wdrïN l< yels ùu
P mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.a iyh ,nd.; yels ùu
P jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍfï myiqj

68
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
 P jHdmdßlhdf.a Wkkaÿj yd lemùu u; jHdmdrh ÈhqKq lr.; yels ùu
P iajdëk j ;SrK .; yels ùu
P ish¨u ,dN whs;slre i;=ùu
P jHdmdßl f;dr;=rej, ryiHNdjh wdrlaId ùu
P n,mdk kS;sÍ;s w,am ùu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj, iSud

P m%d.aOk iïmdok ud¾. iSud ùu
P jHdmdrhg ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñ fkdùu
P whs;slref.a j.lSu wiSñ; ùu
P jHdmdrhg wLKav mej;aula fkdue;s ùu
P jHdmdr w,dN whs;slreg ;ks j oeÍug isÿùu
P whs;slre ;ks j .kq ,nk jHdmdßl ;SrK we;eï úg wid¾:l ùu

ls%hdldrlu 04
iuka úiska ;ud b;sßlr.;a iq¿ uqo,lska fjf<| jHdmdrhla wdrïN lf<a h' tu wdrïNl
lghq;= i|yd Tyqg jeä fjfyila yd ld,hla ±Íug isÿ fkdùu ms<sn| j Tyq i;=gq úh' Tyq
jHdmdrhg lemùfuka jev lf<a h'
úúO ÿIalr;d u;= jqj o Tyq tAjdg laI‚l úi÷ï ,nd foñka tu .eg¨ ;u w;a±lSï njg
mßj¾;kh lr .ksñka jHdmdr lghq;= mj;ajdf.k .sfha h' tla úgl § fiajlfhl= f.ka isÿ
jQ w;a je/oaola ksid Tyqg úreoaO j .kqfokqlrefjl= kvq mjrkq ,enQ neúka iukag Widúfha
fmkS isàug o isÿ úh' flfia jqj o ;udf.a ie,iqï wkqj l%shd;aul fjñka jHdmdrh ,dNÞhS j
mj;ajdf.k hdug Tyqg yels úh'
;u jHdmdrh ;j ÿrg;a ÈhqKq lr .ekSug iukag wjYH;djla u;= jqj o tA i|yd wu;r m%d.aOkh
imhd .ekSu ÿIalr nj Tyqg wjfndaO úh' fuys § ;j ÿrg;a nexl= Kh ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj
;snqK o tAjd fíreï lsÍfï wjÞku fya;= fldg f.k Tyq tA i|yd Wkkaÿ fkdúh'
;u jHdmdrfha jev lghq;= wêl neúka iuka frda.d;=r ;;a;ajhg m;a jqj o jHdmdr lghq;=
yels muK id¾:l j lsÍug Tyq ks;r u fjfyi .;af;a h'
01' by; ±lajQ jHdmdrh l=uk jHdmdr ixúOdkhlg wh;a o@ Tfí ms<s;=rg
fya;= olajkak'
02' tu jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.fha jdis yd iSud olajkak'

69
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
6'4 yjq,a jHdmdr
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.hla f,i yjq,a jHdmdrj,g o wd¾Ólh
;=< jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñ j we;' jHjidhlhka ;ks- ;ks j jHdmdßl lghq;=j,
ksr;ùug jvd iduqysl j l%shdl< yels ùu yjq,a jHdmdr ìys ùug fya;= ù we;s
nj fmfka' tfukau jeä m%d.aOkhla /ialr .ekSu" ksjerÈ l<ukdlrK ;SrK
.ekSu" úúO l=i,;d we;s md¾Yaj jHdmdrhg iïnkaO lr .ekSu jeks wjYH;d
uq,a lrf.k yjq,a jHdmdr ìys ù we;s nj lsj yels h' .KldêldÍ" kS;S{" nÿ"
ffjoH jeks jD;a;Suh lafIa;%j, fhfok md¾Yaj o ksIamdok yd fjf<| lghq;=j,
fhfok md¾Yaj o yjq,a jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hkq oelsh yels h'

Y%S ,xldfõ mj;ajd f.k hk yjq,a

jHdmdr iïnkaOfhka 1890 yjq,a
jHdmdr w{d mk; n,meje;afõ'
tu mk;g wkqj yjq,a jHdmdr my;
±lafjk mßÈ ks¾jpkh lr we;'

,dN ,eîfï wruq‚ka mqoa,hka

fofofkl= fyda Bg jeä msßilf.a
iïnkaO;dj yjq,a jHdmdr fõ'
rEmh 6'4
yjq,a jHdmdr j, uQ,sl ,laIK
yjq,a jHdmdrj, oelsh yels iqúfYaIs jQ ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

P yjq,alrejka ixLHdj

yjq,a jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd isáh hq;= wju yjq,alrejka ixLHdj fofofkl=
úh hq;= w;r Wmßu yjq,alrejka ixLHdj úisfofkl=g iSud lr we;'

P yjq,alrejka w;r .súiqï.; iïnkaO;djla mej;Su

yjq,alrejka w;r we;s lr.;a tlÕ;d u; yjq,a jHdmdrhla wdrïN fõ' tu

tlÕ;dj ,sÅ; j" jdÑl j fyda jHx.fhka we;s úh yels h' fufia yjq,a jHdmdrfha
l%shdldß;ajh wdY%s; j yjq,alrejka w;r we;slr.;a tlÕ;dj yjq,a .súiqu f,i
ye¢kafõ'

P wLKav meje;aula fkdue;s ùu

yjq,a .súiqu fjkia ùu" yjq,alrefjl=f.a urKh" Wu;=ùu" nqkaj;a ùu jeks fya;=
u.ska yjq,a jHdmdrfha meje;aug ndOd we;súh yels nj ñka úia;r flf¾'

70
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
P yjq,alrejkaf.a j.lSï wiSñ; ùu
yjq,a jHdmdrfha l%shdldß;ajh ;=<ska we;sjk j.lSï i|yd yjq,alrejka iSudjlska
f;dr j j.lSfuka nef|k nj ñka meyeÈ,s flf¾' yjq,a jHdmdrfha j.lSï
mshùfï § tys j;alï m%udKj;a fkdfõ kï yjq,alrejkaf.a fm!oa.,sl foam< mjd
iSudjlska f;dr j fhdojñka jHdmdrfha Kh mshùug yjq,alrejkag fuys § isÿfõ'
P ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla fkdue;sùu
yjq,a jHdmdrhla kS;sh bÈßfha mqoa.,fhl= f,i fkdi,lk neúka yjq,a jHdmdrfha
kñka kS;suh lghq;=j,g t<öug fkdyels fõ' tu ksid yjq,a jHdmdrh wdY%s;
kS;suh lghq;=j, § yjq,a jHdmdrfha kñka fkdj ta ta yjq,alrejkaf.a fm!oa.,sl
kduhkaf.ka lghq;= lsÍu isÿfõ'
P yjq,a jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu wksjd¾h fkdùu
yjq,a jHdmdr ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu wksjd¾h fkdfõ' tfy;a yjq,a jHdmdr ,shdmÈxÑ
lsÍfuka fndfyda m%fhdack w;a lr .; yels h' fuys § ,shdmÈxÑ lrkq ,nkafka
jHdmdrfha kduhhs' ,shdmoxÑ lsÍu 1918 wxl 06 ork jHdmdr kdu wd× mk; wkqj
wÞ< m<d;a iNdfõ jHdmdrh msysá n, m%foaYh wh;a m%dfoaYh S f,alï ld¾hd,h
u.ska isÿ lr .; yels h'
P iEu yjq , a l refjl= u fiiq yjq , a l rejka f .a ks f hda ð ;fhl= ùu

yjq,a jHdmdrfha lghq;=j, § ta ta yjq,alrejd úiska isÿlrkq ,nk ld¾hhka

iïnkaOfhka wfkla yjq,alrejka o j.lSug nef|a' tu ksid iEu yjq,alrefjl=u
wka yjq,alrejkaf.a ksfhdað;fhl= f,i ie,fla'

yjq,a jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr wdrïN l< whqßka u
yjq,a jHdmdr o wdrïN l< yels h' tfy;a
yjq,a jHdmdrhl yjq,alrejka Wmßu
jYfhka úisfofkl= isáh yels neúka
wdrïN fldg mj;ajd f.k hdfï § úúO
m%dfhda.sl .eg¨j,g uqyqK§ug isÿúh
yels h' yjq,a .súiqula jdÑl j fyda
jHx.fhka fyda ,sÅ; hk wdldrj,ska
we;s lr .; yels jqjo ,sÅ; .súiqula u; rEmh 6'5
yjq,a jHdmdrh wdrïN fldg mj;ajdf.k
hdu jvd;a fhda.H fõ'
fufia we;s lr .kakd .súiqï.; ,sÅ; tlÕ;dj yjq,a Tmamqj f,i ye¢kafõ'

71
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
yjq,a jHdmdr wdY%s; j we;s lr.kq ,nk .súiqï.; tlÕ;dj ,sÅ; j isÿ lsÍu
jeo.;a jkqfha m%dfhda.sl j yjq,a jHdmdrfha we;súh yels .eg¿j,ska f;dr j th
mj;ajdf.k hdu ms‚i fõ'

yjq,a .súiqul we;=<;a úh yels tlÕ;d lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

P yjq,alrejka m%d.aOkh imhk wdldrh

P yjq,alrejka ,dN mdvq fnod .kakd wdldrh
P yjq,alrejka jHdmdrfha lghq;=j,g Þhl jk wdldrh
P yjq,alrejkaf.a jegqma ,nd .ekSu
P yjq,alrejkaf.a hq;=lï yd whs;sjdislï
P yjq,a jHdmdrfha lghq;= wjika lsÍu iïnkaO f;dr;=re
P m%d.aOkhg wu;r j yjq,alrejka imhkq ,nk Kh i|yd fmd,S f.ùu
P yjq,a jHdmdrh mj;ajdf.k hdu iïnkaOfhka fjk;a fmdÿ tlÕ;d

yjq,a jHdmdrj, jdis

P myiqfjka wdrïN l< yels ùu
P jeä m%d.aOkhla /ialr.; yels ùu
P iduqysl ;SrK .; yels ùu
P yjq,a jHdmdrfha j.lSï yjq,alrejka w;r fn§ hdu
P yjq,alrejka i;= úúO l=i,;d m%fhdackhg fhdod.; yels ùu

yjq,a jHdmrj, iSud

P j.lSu wiSñ; ùu
P ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla fkdue;s ùu
P yjq,alrejka w;r u; .egqï we;súh yels ùu
P jHdmdrfha ,dNh yjq,alrejka w;r fn§ hdu
P wLKav meje;aula fkdue;s ùu
P hï yjq,alrefjl= úiska isÿlrk jerÈ l%shdjl m%;sM, wfkl=;a yjq,alrejkag
n,mEu

72
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
 ls%hdldrlu 05
wu,a mshr;ak iy lu,a chr;ak tla j wdrïN l< ksñ we÷ï wf,ú lsÍfï yjq,a jHdmdrh r;ak fv%ia
kñka ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍug tlÕ jQy' yjq,a jHdmdrh i|yd fofokdu remsh,a 50 000la- ne.s ka
m% d .a O kh fh§ug;a " jHdmdrfha ,dN-mdvq fofokd w;r iu iu j fnod .ekSu g;a tlÕ
úh' lu,a fjk;a jD;a;shl kshe,Su ksid Tyq jHdmdr lghq;=j,g iïnkaO fkdùug ;SrKh l<
w;r udisl j remsh,a 20 000l fõ;khlg wu,a jHdmdrfha wf,ú lghq;=j,g iïnkaO úh hq;=
njg tlÕ jk ,È' ;jo" m%d.aOkhg wu;r j yjq,alrejka jHdmdrhg fhdojk w;sf¾l wruqo,a
i|yd 10% jd¾Isl fmd,shla f.ùug o ;SrKh lrk ,È' tfia u kj yjq,alrefjl= jHdmdrhg
n|jd .kafka kï Tjqka fofokdf.au leue;a; u; th isÿúh hq;= njg ;SrKh úh'

by; f;dr;=re weiqfrka r;ak fv%ia yjq,a jHdmdrhg wÞ< j yjq,a Tmamqjla ms<sfh,
lrkak'

6'5 ixia:dms; iud.ï

fm!oa.,sl wxYh ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk m%p,s; jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.hla f,i
ixia:dms; iud.ï y÷kd .efka' ixia:dms; iud.ï wdrïN lsÍu iïnkaOfhka
Y%S ,xldfõ 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; n, meje;afõ'

Y%S ,xldfõ iud.ï mk;g wkqj tla mqoa.,fhl=g jqjo ixia:dms; iud.ula wdrïN
l< yels neúka fndfyda jHjidhlhka fïjd wdrïN lsÍug Wkkaÿjla olajk nj
fmfka' tfiau ixia:dms; iud.ï i|yd ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñ ùu o ckm%sh
ùug fya;= ù we;'

ixia:dms; iud.ï my; i|yka mßÈ ir, j w¾: ±laúh yels h'

2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,o ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla
yd wLKav meje;au;a we;s jHdmdr ixúOdkh -ixia:dms; iud.ï fõ'

ixia:dms; iud.ïj, uQ,sl ,laIK

ixia:dms; iud.ïj, fmdÿfõ oelsh yels uQ,sl ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

73
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
P iud.ï mk; hgf;a ixia:dmkh lrk ,o wdh;khla ùu
iEu iud.ula u 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ixia:dmkh l< hq;=
h' th isÿ lrkafka iud.ï frðiag%d¾ fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iud.ï frðiag%d¾jrhd
úisks'

P fldgialrejka u.ska m%d.aOkh /ialr .ekSu

ixia:dms; iud.ulg wjYH m%d.aOkh /ialr .kq ,nkafka fldgia m%d.aOkh

;=<sks'

P fldgialrejkaf.a j.lSu iSudiys; ùu

ixia:dms; iud.ul Kh yd fjk;a ne£ï iïnkaOfhka fldgialrejkaf.a j.lSu
iSñ; fõ' iud.fuka ñ,§ .;a fldgiaj, jákdlug muKla fldgialrejkaf.a
j.lSu iSudjk nj ñka woyia flf¾'

P idu.fï l<ukdlrK lghq;= wOHËjre u.ska isÿ lsÍu

iud.ul l<ukdlrK lghq;= isÿ lrkq ,nkafka iud.fï fldgialrejka jk
whs;slrejka úiska f;dardm;a lr .kakd wOHËjre úisks'

P wLKav meje;aula ysñùu

ixia:dms; iud.ula tys fldgialrejkaf.ka fjka jQ iajdëk tallhls' tneúka

iud.fï fldgialrefjl=f.a ñh hdu" nqkaj;a ùu" mQ¾K fyda w¾O wl¾ukH;djh
jeks fya;= iud.fï meje;aug ndOdjla fkdfõ'

P ffk;sl mqoa., Ndjhla ysñ ùu

2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a iud.ï ixia:dmkh flf¾' tneúka
ixia:dms; iud.ula kS;h bÈßfha mqoa.,fhl= f,i ie,fla' tuksid .súiqïj,g
t<öu" j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSu" uQ,H wdh;kj,ska Kh uqo,a iïmdokh lr.ekSu
jeks ld¾hhkays § iud.fï kñka tajd l%shd;aul l< yels h'

74
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk;g wkqj wdrïN l< yels iud.ï j¾. 6'6 igyk
u.ska ksrEmkh flf¾'

ixia:dms; iud.ï

wemfhka iSñ; iSud iys; iSud rys;

iud.ï iud.ï iud.ï

iSud iys; iSud iys; iSud iys; fmdÿ

wlafjr< iud.ï fm!oa.,sl iud.ï iud.ï

rEmh 6'6 iud.ï mk; wkqj werôh yels iud.ï j¾.

iud.ï mk;g wkqj úúO j¾.fha iud.ï wdrïN l< yels h' fuys § wm
idlÉPd lrkq ,nkafka iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï ms<sn| j mu‚' fndfyda
iq¿ yd uOH mßudK jHdmdßlhka úiska iajlSh jHdmdr i|yd fuu j¾.fha
iud.ïj,g jeä leue;a;la olajkq ,efí'

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï

Y%S ,xldfõ jHjidhlhka w;r j¾;udkfha § ckm%sh ù ;sfnk jHdmdr ixúOdk

j¾.hla f,i iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï y÷kd.; yels h' tla mqoa.,fhl=g
jqjo wdrïN l< yels ùu" ffk;sl mqoa., Ndjhla ysñùu" mjqf,a idudðlhka
ys;ñ;=rka jeks md¾Yaj iïnkaOlr .ksñka jHdmdrh wdrïN l< yels ùu jeks
lreKq fuu miqìu ks¾udKh ùug fya;= ù we;s nj fmfka'

2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; u.ska o iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï ms<sn| w¾:
ksrEmkhla bÈßm;a fldg we;s w;r" th ir, j fufia oelaúh yels h'

iud.ula úiska ksl=;a lrk fldgia ñ, § .kakd f,i fmdÿ uyck;djg wdrdOkd
l< fkdyels" idudðl ixLHdj 50 lg iSudjk" j.lSu fh¥ m%d.aOkhg muKla
iSud jk iud.ï -iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï fõ'

75
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
 ls%hdldrlu 06

my; i|yka tla tla lafIa;%hkays Y%S ,xldj ;=< ls%hd;aul jk iSñ; fm!oa.,sl
iud.ï ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'
wkq
laf Ia;%h fm!oa.,sl iud.ï
wxlh
01' ixpdrl
02' wOHdmk
03' fjf<|
04' ksIamdok
05' lDIsl¾u
06' bÈ lsÍï

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï wdrïN lsÍu

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ula wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd 2007 wxl 07
ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ l< hq;= h' tA i|yd iud.ï frðiag%d¾jrhd
fj; ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd my; ±lafjk ,shú,s 4 bÈßm;a l< hq;= fõ'

01' iud.fï ku ms<sn| m%ldYh

iSud iys; iud.ulg kduhla f;dard .ekSfï§ wkq.ukh l< hq;= úêúOdk 2007
wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a fmkajd § we;'

ksoiqka (-
±kg Ndú; lrk kula fyda Bg wdikak wkqrEm kula fyda iud.fï
kduh f,i Ndú; fkdl< hq;= nj

Y%S ,xld" rdcH" ckdêm;s jeks jpk lKav iud.fï kduh i|yd
Ndú; fkdl< hq;= nj

02' idx.ñl jHjia:dj,sh

iSud iys; iud.ul idudkH mßmd,kh yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re we;=<;a m%ldYh

idx.ñl jHjia:dj,sh fõ' 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk;g wkqj idx.ñl
jHjia:dj,sfha my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re we;=<;a fõ'

76
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
 iud.fï mrud¾:
iud.fï fldgia ysñhkaf.a ne£ï yd whs;sjdislï
iud.fï l<ukdlrKh yd mßmd,kh iïnkaO f;dr;=re

03' iud.fï wOHla I jre f,i lghq ; = ls Í ug tA tA wOHla I jrhdf.a leue;a ;

ms<sno m%ldY

04' iud.fï f,alïjrhd f,i lghq;= lsÍug tu f,alïjrhdf.a leue;a; ms<sn|

m%ldYkh

fuu bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk ,shú,s ms<sn| j iud.ï frðiag%d¾jrhd iEySug m;ajkafka
kï iud.u 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ lrkq ,efí' ,shdmÈxÑ
lsÍfuka miq iud.ï frðiag%d¾jrhd úiska ixia:dmk iy;slh ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ul ,laIK

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, fmdÿfõ oelsh yels m%Odk ,laIK lsysmhla my;
oelafõ'

P iud.fï fldgia ñ,g .ekSug fmdÿ uyck;djg wdrdOkd l< fkdyels ùu

iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, fldgia ñ,§ .ekSu mjqf,a iduðlhka iy ys;ñ;=rka

jeks md¾Yaj w;r muKla isÿ flf¾' fuu iud.ïj, fldgia ñ,g .kakd f,i
fmdÿ uyck;djg wdrdOkd l< fkdyels h'

P wju idudðl ixLHdj 01 jk w;r Wmßu ixLHdj 50la ùu

2007 iud.ï mk;g wkqj tla mqo.

a ,fhl=g jqjo iud.ula wdrïN l< yels neúka
iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, wju fldgialrejka ixLHdj 01ls' tfiau fujeks
iud.ïj, Wmßu fldgialrejka ixLHdj iud.ï mk; u.ska 50 lg iSud fldg we;'

P wOHlaI uKav,hla u.ska l<ukdlrKh lsÍu

iSñ; iud.ïj, l<ukdlrK lghq;= wOHlaI uKav,hla u.ska isÿ flf¾' fï

i|yd iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iud.ul wju jYfhka tla wOHlaIjrfhlaj;a isáh hq;=
nj iud.ï mkf;ys ±lafõ' tfia jqj o isáh hq;= Wmßu wOHlaIjreka ixLHdj
ms<sn| j i|yka fldg ke;'

P ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñ ùu

P wLKav meje;aula ;sîu

77
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
P .sKqï ;eîu yd ú.Kkh wksjd¾h ùu

P j.lSu iSud iys; ùu

iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, jdis

P tla mqoa.,fhl=g jqj o wdrïN l< yels ùu

P iud.fï ysñldß;ajh iq¿ msßila i;= ùu ksid md,kh myiq ùu

P iud.fï ,dNh" iq¿ msßila w;r muKla fn§hdu

P mjqf,a idudðlhka" kEoE ys; ñ;=rka iïnkaO lr .ksñka iud.u wdrïN

l< yels ùu

P úêu;a njla yd by< ms<s.ekSula mej;Su

P j.lSu iSñ; ùu

P ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñ ùu

P wLKav meje;aula ;sîu

iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, iSud

P mjq f ,a idudðlhka " kEoE ys ; ñ;= r ka jeks md¾Ya j j,g fldgia ks l = ; a
lrk neúka jeä m%d.aOkhla /ialr .ekSug wmyiq ùu'

P wksjd¾hfhka ms<m
s eÈh hq;= kS;s Í;s yd l%h
s d mámdá mej;Su

P iud.fï Wmßu fldgialrejka .Kk 50 iSud lsÍu fya;=fjka" jeä msßilg

iïnkaO ùug we;s wjia:d iSud ùu

jr,;a jHdmdr
iS.%fhka fjkiajk jHdmdr mßir ;;a;ajhkag uqyqK §u i|yd we;s jQ jHdmdr
ixl,amhla f,i jr,;a jHdmdr y÷kd.; yels h' uyd mßudK jHdmdr iu.
iïnkaO ù jHjidhlhdg ;u jHdmdr lghq;= wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdug
fuu.ska wjia:dj ,efí' fuu jHdmdr ;ks mqoa.," yjq,a jHdmdr fyda ixia:dms;
iud.ï hk ixúOdk j¾. hgf;a l%shd;aul úh yels h'

78
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
lsishï NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla imhk jHdmdr wdh;khla" ish fjf<| kduh
hgf;a tu NdKavh fyda fiajdj ksYaÑ; fjf<|m, m%foaYhl wf,ú lsÍug ;j;a
jHdmdr wdh;khlg n,h mejÍug fhdod.kakd jHdmdr jr,;a jHdmdr fõ'

jr,;a jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu

j¾;udkfha§ jr,;a jHdmdr úúO iajrEmfhka wdrïN fldg l%shd;aul flf¾'
tfia jqj;a iEu jr,;a jHdmdrhlu uQ,sl ieliqu my; ±lafõ'

jr,;a jr,;a
ysñhd ,dNshd

jr,;a
.súiqu

jr,;a
jHdmdrh
rEmh 6'7 jr,;a jHdmdrhl uQ,sl ieliqu

jr,;a jHdmdr yd iïnkaO m%Odk md¾Yaj folls'

P jr,;a ysñhd$jr,;alre
ia j lS h ks I a m dÈ; ks Y a Ñ ; fjf<|m< m% f oa Y hl ;udf.a fjf<| kduh
Ndú; lrñka wf,ú ls Í ug wjirh ,ndfok md¾Ya j h fõ' Tyq f .a
mrud¾: jkaf ka iaj lSh fjf<|m< m% d.a O kh wdfhda c khls ka f;dr j
mq¿,a lr .ekSu yd wdÞhï bmehSu jeks lreKq fõ'

P jr,;a,dNshd
jr,;a ysñhdf.a ikakï kduh Ndú; lrñka ksYaÑ; fjf<|m< m%foaYhl
NdKav fyda fiajd wf,ú lsÍug wjirh ,nd.kakd md¾Yjh fõ'

fujeks jHdmdr iïnkaO;djla we;s lr .ekSu i|yd jr,;a ysñhd iy jr,;a

,dNshd hk fomd¾Yajh w;r .súiqï.; iïnkaO;djhla f.dvk.d .; hq;= h' th
jr,;a .súiqu kï fõ' jr,;a jHdmdrh wdrïN fldg mj;ajdf.k hdu ms<sn| j
fmdÿ tlÕ;d jr,;a .súiqug we;=<;a lrhs'

79
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
tjeks fmdÿ tlÕ;d i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

ksoiqka (-
jr,;a,dNshdg" jr,;aysñhd úiska imhk fiajd
wf,úhg wjir ,nd § ;sfnk NdKav j¾.
jr,;a,dNshd úiska jr,;aysñhdg lrk f.ùfï jákdlu

fufia jr,;aysñhd iy jr,;a,dNshd úiska we;s lr.;a jr,;a .súiqfï m%;sM,h

f,i jr,;a jHdmdrh werfò' fuys § jr,;a ysñhd úiska ;u fjf<| kduh hgf;a
NdKav yd fiajd úlsŒug jr,;a ,dNshdg ,ndfok wjirh u; .dia;= wh flf¾'
tfia whlrk .dia;=j mqrialdrh f,i ye¢kafõ'

jr,;a jHdmdrj, uQ,sl ,laIK

jr,;a jHdmdrj, my; ±lafjk uQ,sl ,laIK ksrEmKh fõ'

P jr,;aysñhd yd jr,;a,dNshd f,i fomd¾Yjhla iïnkaO ùu

ksYaÑ; fjf<|m< m%foaYhl ;u fjf<|kduh hgf;a NdKAv yd fiajd wf,ú

lsÍug wjirh ,ndfokafka jr,;aysñhd h' tu wjirh u; wod< fjf<|kduh
hgf;a ksYaÑ; fjf<|m< m%foaY ;=< NdKav yd fiajd wf,ú lrkq ,nkafka jr,;a
,dNshd úisks' fufia jr,;a jHdmdr wdY%s; j jr,;aysñhd yd jr,;a,dNshd f,i
fomd¾Yajhla iïnkaO fõ'

P jr,;a ysñhd yd jr,;a,dNshd w;r .súiqï.; iïnkaO;djla mej;Su

jr,;a jHdmdr wdrïNjkqfha jr,;a ysñhd iy jr,;a ,dNshd w;r we;slr.;a

tlÕ;djla u; h' fufia we;slr.;a ,sÅ; tlÕ;dj jr,;a .súiqu f,i ye¢kafõ'

P jr,;a ,dNshd úiska jr,;aysñhdg f.ùula lsÍu

jr,;aysñhd úiska ;ukaf.a fjf<|kduh hgf;a NdKAv yd fiajd wf,ú lsÍug

jr,;a ,dNshdg wjirh ,ndfokafka lsishï .dia;=jla u; fõ' fï ms<sn| f;dr;=re
jr,;a .súiqfï we;=<;a úh hq;= h'

jr,;a jHdmdrj, jdis

jr,;a jHdmdrj, l%shdldß;ajh ;=<ska jr,;a ysñhdg;a" jr,;a ,dNshdg;a fmdÿfõ
w;am;a lr.; yels jdis lsysmhls'

80
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
jr,;a y s ñ hdg w;am;a lr.; yels jdis

P jr,;aysñhdg Tyqf .au wdfhdac khls ka f;drj fjk;a fjf<|m<j,a ;= <

jHdmdr lghq ; = mq ¿ ,a lr .eksug wjia:dj Wod ùu

P úYd, fiajl uKav,hla mj;ajd .ekSfuka ±Íug isÿ jk mSvkh wju lr

.ksñka uyd mßudK jdis N=la;s ú£ug yels ùu

P jr,;aysñhdg wdÞhula ,eîu

jr,;a ,dNsh dg w;am;a lr.; yels jdis

jr,;aysñhdf.a lS¾;skdufhka ,dNhla bmehSug jr,;a ,dNshdg wjia:dj
P
Wodùu

P jr,;a y s ñ hdf.a lS ¾ ;s k duh u; jr,;a ,dNs h dg ckm% s h fj<|m<lg

myiqfjka m%fõY úh yels ùu

P jr,;aysñhdf.a l<ukdlrK mqyqKqj jr,;a,dNshdg ysñùu

jr,;a jHdmdrj, iSud

jr,;aysñhdg

P jr,;a , dNs h df.a wid¾:l fjf<| lghq ; = ;= < s k a jr,;a y s ñ hdf.a

lS¾;skduhg ydks isÿúh yels h

P jr,;a jHdmdr lghq;= lsÍfï§ we;sjk ffk;sl ne£ï yd iSudjkag hg;a

ùug isÿ ùu

jr,;a,dNshdg

P jr,;a jHdmdr l%uh ,nd.ekSu g jr,;a ,dNs h dg ffk;s l .dia ; = " nexl=
.dia;=" ia:dms; lsÍfï jehoï jeks msßjeh oeÍug isÿùu

P jr,;aysñhdf.a md,khla we;s ksid jr,;a,dNshdg mQ¾K iajdëk;ajfhka

hq;= j lghq;= l< fkdyels ùu

P jr,;aysñhdg by< mqrialdrhla yd .dia;= f.ùug isÿ úh yels ùu

81
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'
 ls%hdldrlu 07

úúO jHdmdr ixúOdkj, ,laIK wvx.= m%ldY lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

01' ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g ysñ" wLKav meje;aula yd ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñ jHdmdr

02' mq o a . ,hka ls y s m fofkl= tl;= ù m% d .a O kh fhdod mj;a j df.k hk j.lSï

wiSñ; jHdmdr
03' ;ks mqoa.,fhl= úiska mj;ajdf.k hk j.lSï wisñ; iy ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla
fkdue;s jHdmdr

by; m%ldY fyd¢ka lshjd my; ±lafjk m%YAkj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

01' ta ta m%ldYfhka úia;r lrk jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.h olajkak'
02' tla tla jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.h i|yd jHdmdr kduhla ne.ska fhdackd
lrkak'
03' ta ta jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.hg wod< jk wK mk;a kï lrkak'

ls%hdldrlu 08

YS% ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jk jr,;a jHdmdr kï lrkak'

ms < s ; = r e ,s h uq '

01' jHdmdr ixúOdkj, fmdÿfõ olakg ,efnk ,laIK fudkjdo@

02' flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrhl ±lsh yels uQ,sl ,laIK fudkjdo@

03' yjq,a .súiqul we;=<;a úh yels lreKq olajkak'

04' ysñldr;ajh wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lrkak'

05' jr,;a .súiqulg iïnkaO úh yels md¾Yaj kï lrkak'

82
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'