ANIMAL CELL

ORGANELLES
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-Endoplasmic
reticulum
-Golgi
Apparatus
-Mitochondria
-Nucleus
-Ribosomes
-Lysosomes
-Vacuoles
-Cell
membrane
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
A continuous folded membranous organelle
found in the cytoplasm made up of a thin
network of flattened interconnected
compartments (sacs) that connects from the
cytoplasm to the cell nucleus.
There are two types of ER based on their
structure and the function they perform
including Rough Endoplasmic reticulum and
the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Function:
Manufacturing, processing and
transporting proteins for cell utilization
both in and out of the cell. This is because
it is directly connected to the nuclear
membrane providing a passage between
the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Golgi
apparatus
Membrane-bound cell organelles found in the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, next to the
endoplasmic reticulum and near the nucleus.
Golgi bodies are supported together by
cytoplasmic microtubules and held by a
protein matrix.
It is made up of flattened stacked pouches
known as cisterna.
Functions:
Transport, modify and pack proteins and
lipids into the Golgi vesicles to deliver
them to their target sites. Animal cells
contain one or more Golgi bodies while
plants have a few hundred.
Mitochondria
Also known as the powerhouse of the
cell. Thse are membrane-bound
organelles located in the cytoplasm of all
eukaryotic cells. The number of
mitochondria depends on the function of
the cell.
FUNCTIONS
Their primary function is to generate
energy for the cell. Mitochondria also
store calcium which assists in cell
signaling activity
STRUCTURE
Mitochondria have two special
membranes – outer and inner
membrane. They have a mitochondrial
gel-matric in the central mass.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle
found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually
have a single nucleus, but a few cell types,
such as mammalian red blood cells, have no
nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts
have many.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines,
found within all living cells, that perform
biological protein synthesis. Ribosomes link
amino acids together in the order specified by
the codons of messenger RNA (mRNA)
molecules to form polypeptide chains.
Ribosomes consist of two major components:
the small and large ribosomal subunits.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are very acidic organelles
containing the digestive enzymes and
therefore each of the lysosomes is
surrounded by a membrane to protect
it from the outer environment.
FUNCTIONS
This is the site for digestion of cell
nutrients, excretion, and cell
renewal.Lysosomes break down
macromolecules components from the
outside of the cell into simpler
elements.
Vacuoles
The main function of vacuoles is to hold
various substances and molecules; they
basically act like the storage unit of the cell.
Functions:
Remove and store waste produced during
autophagy (when part of the cell is broken
down due to age or damage)
Remove and store harmful foreign
products so they don’t damage the cell
Store water
Store nutrients such as lipids, proteins,
and carbohydrates
Cell membrane
It is a biological membrane that separates the
interior of all cells from the outside
environment which protects the cell from its
environment.
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