8/18/2020

BALANCE, UNDER REINFORCED AND

OVER REINFORCED SECTION
BALANCE SEC- When the section is reinforced
in such a way that tension steel reaches the
LEC 02 yield strain and simultaneously strain in
concrete reaches value of 0.0035 , then the
section is termed as balanced
BY DC

εs= 0.87fy/Es +0.002

εc= 0.0035

by DC by DC

UNDER REINFORCED OVER-REINFORCED

Tension steel reaches yield strain at loads
lower than the load at which concrete reaches
failure strain

by DC by DC

Stress block parameter Cal of ‘C’

0.45 fck
0.0035 D B

0.42xu
Area of rect. portion width× depth= b × 0.42xu
d xu
D
xu
A C Area of parabolic portion=(2/3)×b×0.58xu
0.58 xu
NA
O = 0.386bxu
Lever arm distance, =(d-0.42xu)
Total area of stress block in compression=
0.42.b.xu+0.386bxu=0.806 bxu
0.87fy/ES +0.002
Width=b T= 0.87fyAst Total comp. force= area× allowable comp. stress
Strain diagram
Stress diagram
in concrete= 0.806bxu×0.45fck=0.36fckbxu
Figure-2.1
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1
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Depth of Neutral Axis Limiting depth of Neutral Axis

0.0035
A B
Tension= compression
When xu=xumax=xulim
T= 0.87fyAst Effective depth, d
xumax
o d OA/AB=OD/DE
C= 0.36fckbxu
d- xumax fy xumax/d
1 250 MPa 0.53
xu= 0.87fyAst/0.36fckb 415 MPa 0.48
E D
500 MPa 0.46
0.87fy/Es+0.002
(0.0035/x umax)=(0.87fy/Es+0.002)/(d-xumax)
2
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Moment of resistance of a singly M= C× Lever arm or T× Lever arm

reinforced section M=0.36fckbxu(d-0.42xu)
0.45 fck
0.0035 D B
M= 0.36fckbxu.d(1-0.42(xu/d))
0.42xu
d xu xu =0.36fckb(xu/d).d2(1-0.42(xu/d))
A C0.58 x
u

O
M= 0.36fck (xu/d) (1-0.42(xu/d))b d2
3
Lever arm distance, =(d-0.42xu)

Or, M=0.87fyAst(d-0.42xu)
0.87fy/ES +0.002
Width=b T= 0.87fyAst =0.87fyAstd(1-0.42(xu/d))
From equation 1 we can write xu/d= 0.87fyAst/0.36fckbd
Figure-2.1
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Balanced section
M=0.87fyAstd(1-(Ast/bd).(fy/fck)) xu/d = xumax/d
4

Under reinforced section

Also from equation 1
Percentage of steel reinforcement xu/d < xumax/d
5
Pt= Ast/bd= 0.36fckxu/0.87fy.d
Over reinforced section
xu/d > xumax/d

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Problem 1- Determine the depth of NA of a

beam 250 mm width and 400 mm effective
depth, reinforced with 3 bars of 20 mm dia.
Check the type of section. Use M20, Fe415.
Determine the moment of resistance of the
section also find limiting moment of resistance.
Solution – Step1- xumax/d=0.48
Step 2- xu/d=0.8fyAst/0.36fckbd=0.472
Since xu/d < xumax/d so sec. is UR
M=0.87fyAstd(1-(Ast/bd).(fy/fck))=95.87kN-m
Mulim= 0.87fyAstd(1-0.42(xulim/d))=??
M= 0.36fck (xuMAX/d) by(1-0.42(x 2
DC
uMAX/d))b d