Introduction to Chemistry

Chem 100B

Jessie Kevin C. Arcadio, MAEM

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Chemistry
is the study of matter, its
• Properties,
• Composition,
• Structure,
• Transformation, and
• Energy during the changes it undergoes.

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Matter
• Anything that occupies space and has mass.
• The term mass refers to the amount of matter present in a sample.
Matter includes all naturally occurring things—both living and
nonliving— that can be seen (such as plants, soil, and rocks), as well
as things that cannot be seen (such as air and bacteria). Matter also
includes materials that do not occur naturally, that is, synthetic
materials that are produced in a laboratory or industrial setting using,
directly or indirectly, naturally-occurring starting materials. Various
forms of energy such as heat, light, and electricity are not considered
to be matter.

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Branches of Chemistry
• Organic
• Inorganic
• Physical
• Analytical
• Biochemistry

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Physical States of Matter

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Properties of Matter

• A property is a distinguishing characteristic of a substance that is

used in its identification and description. Each substance has a unique
set of properties that distinguishes it from all other substances.

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Properties of Matter
• A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be
observed without changing the basic identity of the substance.
Common physical properties include color, physical state (solid, liquid,
or gas), melting point, boiling point, and hardness.

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Properties of Matter
• A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that describes
the way the substance undergoes or resists change to form a new
substance.

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Properties of Matter
Intrinsic Extrinsic
Color Volume
Odor Mass
Taste Size
Crystalline Structure Weight
Opacity Length
Refractive Index Shape
Density
Specific Heat
Viscosity
Boiling & Freezing Point
Hardness
Luster 9
Crystalline Structure - any structure of ions, molecules,
or atoms that are held together in an ordered, three-dimensional arrangement.

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Opacity - the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic
or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light.

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Refractive Index - measure of the bending
of a ray of light when passing from one medium into another.

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Density - mass of a unit volume of a
material substance.

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Specific Heat - the quantity of heat required to raise
the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree.

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Viscosity – the resistance of a fluid to flow.

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Changes in Matter
• Physical change - Chemical composition is not changed.

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Changes in Matter
• Chemical change - Chemical composition is altered.

The Statue of Liberty is made of Copper. Through ages it turned green due to its exposure with air, air pollutants
and moisture creating new sets of compounds called Patina.

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Classification of Matter

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Phase Changes

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