UNIT 2: SCHOOL TALK

LANGUAGE FOCUS
I. Pronunciation: /ʌ/ - /a:/
• _o_, _u_, _ou_, _un, _um:  /ʌ/
Ex: mother, brother, but, cousin, sun, sum…
• _a, _ar_, _as_: /a:/
Ex: father, car, class, chart, math, path, dark…
/ʌ/ / a: /
study far
subject father
cousin marvelous
love target
wonderful guitar
 Practise these sentences:

1. I love my school very much.

2. I think my cousin is lovely.
3. Last month I took Sunny out for lunch.
4. They are dancing under the stars.
5. Martha and Charles are dancing in the
dark.
6. Let’s have lunch in the garden.
Look at this picture and answer questions:

1. Who are they?

2. How many people are there?
3. What are they doing?
II. Grammar
1. WH- QUESTIONS: What, Where, When, Why, How,
Who, Whom, Which…
Form:
• With “to be”: Wh- + be + S (+ …)?

Ex: How are you?, What’s your name?

• With normal verbs: Wh- + do/does/did + S + V (+…)?
Ex: Where do you live?
• With modal verbs: Wh- + modal verbs + S + V (+ …)?
Ex: what can you see in the picture?
• With perfect tense: Wh- + have/has/had + S + V3 (+…)?
Ex: How long have you been here?
Exercises: Make suitable question for underlined word

1. I can speak three languages.

 How many languages can you speak?
2. She goes to school by bus.
 How does she go to school?

3. My mother visited Ha Long Bay last summer holiday.

 When did your mother visit Ha Long Bay?

4. My grandfather listens to the radio 3 times a week.

 How often does your grandfather listen to the radio?

5. Miss Lan gave me a present on my birthday.

 Who gave you a present on your birthday?
Exercise 1. Make questions for the following responses.
When did you…
1. __________________________________________________
- Just a few days ago.
How long do/did/will you…
2.
__________________________________________________
-Who
For adid
fewyou…
days.
3.
Where …
__________________________________________________
- I came with a friend.
Why …
4.
__________________________________________________
-What
In thetime … of the city.
centre
5.
How many …
__________________________________________________
- Because it is interesting.
II. Grammar
2. GERUNDS AND TO-INFITIVE:
A. TO-INFITIVE:

* Functions:
+ As subject (làm chủ ngữ):
Ex: To become a famous singer is her dream.
+ As complement (làm bổ ngữ)
Ex: What I like is to swim in the sea and
then to lie on the warm sand.
+ As Object (làm tân ngữ)
Ex: It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home
 Some verbs followed by V+ to-infinitive

- afford: đáp ứng - hope: hy vọng - refuse: từ chối

- agree: đồng ý - intend: định - seem: dường như
- appear: hình như - invite: mời - tell: bảo
- arrange: sắp xếp     - learn: học/học cách - tend: có khuynh
- ask: yêu cầu - manage: xoay sở, hướng
- attempt: cố gắng, cố gắng - threaten: đe
nỗ lực - offer: cho, tặng, đề dọa      
- decide: quyết định nghị - want: muốn

- expect: mong đợi - plan: lên kế họach - would like: muốn,

- pretend: giả vờ thích
- fail: thất bại, hỏng
- promise: hứa  
 In some structures
It takes / took / will take + O + time + to-inf

Ex: It takes Nam two hours to do that exercise.

to_V
so as (not) to_V
in order (not) to_V

  to sent a letter.
Ex: I went to the post office so as to sent a letter.
in order to sent a letter.
 S + V + Noun / pronoun + to-inf
Ex: I have some letters to write.
Is there anything to eat?
S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf
Ex: He is too short to play basket ball.

S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf

Ex : He isn’t tall enough to play basket ball.
After wh-words (what, who, which,
when, where, how, why)
Ex : I don’t know what to say.
 Put in the correct verb form
to see
1. I want (see) ................... the house where our
president was born.
to go now or shall we
2. Would you like (go) ................
wait till the end?
(wait) ...............
to walk to
3. It takes Hoa 20 minutes (walk) ……..……
school everyday.
to do
4. I have a lot of homework (do) ...................
tonight, so I cannot go out with you.
5. He doesn’t have enough money
to buy
(buy) ................... a new house.
not to go
6. They decided ( not/ go) ….................. to the
park as it was raining hard.
II. Grammar
2. GERUNDS AND TO-INFITIVE:
B. GERUNDS:
* Functions:
+ As subject (làm chủ ngữ):
Ex:  Swimming is my favourite sport.
+ As complement (làm bổ ngữ)
Ex : My hobby is collecting stamps.
+ As Object (làm tân ngữ)
Ex: I enjoy traveling. 
 Some verbs followed by V-ing
- admit: thừa nhận - imagine: tưởng tượng
- avoid: tránh - involve: liên quan
- consider: xem xét - mention: đề cập đến
- delay: hoãn - mind: ngại, phiền      
- deny: phủ nhận - miss: bỏ lỡ
- detest: ghét - postpone: hoãn lại
- encourage: khích lệ - practice: luyện tập
- fancy: thích - quit: từ bỏ
- finish: kết thúc - risk: có nguy cơ
- hate: ghét - suggest: đề nghị
 Some Exceptions
- It is no use: không có ích
- It is no good: không tốt
- waste / spend: lãng phí, bỏ
ra (thời gian, tiền bạc)
- have difficulty / trouble:
gặp khó khăn/trở ngại
- can’t help: không thể không
- can’t stand / can’t bear:
không chịu đựng nỗi
- feel like: cảm thấy thích
- look forward to: mong chờ,
mong đợi
- It is (not) worth: (không) đáng
- keep / keep on: tiếp tục
- be busy: bận rộn
- be used to / get used to: quen
với / trở nên quen với việc gì
- be committed to: cam kết, hứa
làm gì
- be devoted to: tận tuỵ với
- be opposed to: phản đối
- in addition to: ngoài ... ra
- object to: phản đối
- be resigned to : cam chịu

Ex: They couldn’t help laughing when they heard the little

boy singing a love song.
       The students are used to working in the school library.
       Please wait a minute. My boss is busy writing something.
 After connecters:
(after, before, when, while, since,…) + V-ing

Ex : After finishing his homework, he went to bed.

After prepositions:
(on, in, at, of, about, for, to, up, out,…) + V-ing

Ex : My sister is interested in listening to music.

II. Grammar
2. GERUNDS AND TO-INFITIVE:

C. NO CHANGE MEANING

begin, start, continue,

like, love, hate, + To-inf / V-ing
can't stand = can't bear

Ex: It started to rain / raining.

But : It was beginning to rain.
D. CHANGE MEANING
 REMEMBER / FORGET / REGRET + To-V : việc
chưa làm, sắp xảy ra (trong tương lai gần)
Ex: Remember to send my letter on the way to your
school.
Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.
Remember to send her some flowers because today
is her birthday.
 REMEMBER / FORGET / REGRET + V-ing : việc
đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ)
Ex: I remember sending the letter for you.
I remember meeting you some where but I can’t
know your name.
D. CHANGE MEANING

 STOP + To-V: Dừng…để làm 1 việc khác.

Ex: He stopped to smoke after he made an attempt

to solve the problem.
On the way home, I stopped at the post office to
buy a newspaper.
 STOP + V-ing : Dừng (bỏ) hẳn 1 việc.

Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for

his health.
The students stopped talking when the teacher came
in.
D. CHANGE MEANING
 TRY + To-V : Cố gắng làm (gì)

Ex: I'm trying to learn English.

 TRY + V-ing : Thử làm (gì)

Ex: The room is hot. I try opening the window.

 GO ON + To-V : Tiếp tục (làm 1 việc khác)

Ex: They eventually went on to win the

championship.
 GO ON + V-ing : Tiếp tục (việc đang làm)

Ex: We really can't go on living like this. We'll

D. CHANGE MEANING
 MEAN + To-V : Có ý định làm (gì)
Ex: I've been meaning to call you all week.
I didn't mean to upset her - it was just a bit of fun.
 MEAN + V-ing : Có nghĩa là
Ex: If we want to catch the 7.30 train, that will
mean leaving the house at 6.00.
 NEED/WANT/REQUIRE + To-V : (Với nghĩa chủ động)
Ex: You need to drive faster or we’ll miss the flight.
 NEED/WANT/REQUIRE + V-ing : (Với nghĩa bị động)
Ex: Your hair is too long. It needs cutting. (= to be cut)
Dear Lisa,2. Fill each blank with an -ing or to + infinitive
Exercise
I have been form of the(1)________
expecting verb
to in brackets.
hear (lhear) from you. I hope
you are OK. I'm busy, but happy.
Last night I went to a party at one of my classmates' home.
I was ready nervous, you know I usually avoid (2)going ______
(go) to parties Because I have trouble (3)remembering ___________
(remember) people's names. Well, last night things were
different. Before the party, I read a book about improving
memory, I practised (4)doing ______ (do) some of the memory
exercises. They really helped. As a result, I stopped (5)
worrying (worry) about what people think about me, and I
________
tried (6) _______
to pay (pay) attention to what people were
saying. And guess what? I had a good time! I'm even
planning (7) ______
to go (go) dancing with a guy from my class.
Why don't you consider (8) ________ visiting (visit) me? I really
miss (9) ________
seeing (see) you. Please write. I always enjoy
(10) ________
hearing (hear) from you.
Best wishes, (Sonia)
Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences using
an -ing or to + infinitive form of the verbs in the box.
1. It was a nice
watch waitday, so we decided
makelive to go
call _________for
talk a walk.
2. I'mgo
nothave
in a hurry.
post Ilend
don'tfind waiting
mind _________.
3. They were hungry, so she suggested _________
having
dinner early.
Example:
4. I'm still looking for a job, but I hope _________
to find
When I'm tired,
something to watch
soon. I like ____________ television. It's
relaxing.
5. We must do something. We can't go on living_____ like this.
making so much noise?
6. Could you please stop _________
to call the police if we
7. Our neighbour threatened _________
didn't stop the noise.
to lend
8. Lan was in a difficult situation, so I agreed _________
her some money.
9. Suddenly everybody stopped talking _________.
to post the letter I gave you.
10. Don't forget _________
 HOMEWORK

1. Do exercise 1 in the
textbook -page 29,30.
2. Prepare next lesson.
Thank you for your attention!

See you again.