BIODIVERSI
TY
Both subjects aim to promote the significance of environmental awareness in today’s society especially in the
face of scientific and technological advancement
 biodiversity and its three levels, its
importance to our society, the
functioning of the ecosystem and in
the perpetuation of the web of life
Biodiversity is defined as “the variability
among living organisms from all sources
including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and
other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological
complexes of which they are part; this includes
diversity within species, between species and
of ecosystems.
--Convention on Biological Diversity
Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life
on earth. This variety of life can be observed at
three different levels: genes, species and
ecosystem diversity.
Genetic diversity is the differences in the genetic
composition of individuals belonging to the same
species.
Species diversity is the variety and abundance of
different types of individuals of a species in a
given area.
Ecosystem diversity is the different types of
ecosystems, including both terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems, within a geographical location.
The value of biodiversity can be grouped into
two main categories:
utilitarian/instrumental/extrinsic value and
inherent value.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
 the evidences of climate change, its
causes as well as impacts.
According to experts, global climate change could
have a greater potential to change life in our planet
than anything else except a nuclear war. These
changes will also lead to a number of potentially
serious consequences.
Climate change refers to the statistically significant
changes in climate for continuous period of time.
Factors that contribute to climate change can be
natural internal process, external forces, and persistent
anthropogenic changes in the composition of the
atmosphere or in land use. It can also be due to natural
occurrences or contributed by acts of human beings.
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
The causes of climate change could be natural or by
human activities.
A. NATURAL CAUSES
1. Volcanic Eruptions
2. Orbital Changes
Eccentricity
Obliquity
Precession
3. The Carbon Dioxide Theory
B. HUMAN ACTIVITIES
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SOCIETY
SUMMARY
Climate change is a worldwide issue that we have to
face. Climate change is referred as statistically
significant climate variation persisting for an extended
period of time. The continuous climate change could
bring drastic effects to living and nonliving forms on
Earth.
 Climate change is brought by several factors like
utilitarian value of biodiversity is determined by natural processes and persistent human activities.
its practical use or application. Global warming is one of the major effects of climate
change. Global warming threatens all life forms on
Earth. It has drastic effects on water availability, food
source, health issues, land use, and ecosystem.
A. Utilitarian Value
1. Source of Food
2. Medicine
B. Climate Change
3. Energy
4. Aesthetic and Cultural Benefits o Climate change refers to significant changes
5. Ecosystem Services in global temperature, precipitation, wind
patterns and other measures of climate that occur
Intrinsic value, on the other hand, is the inherent over several decades or longer.
right of species to exist. o Changes in the Earth’s climate can be due to
natural processes that are already occurring or
A. Biodiversity human activities also known as anthropogenic
o Biodiversity is the variety and variability of climate change.
life on earth. o Natural climate change is due to Earth’s
o The three levels of biodiversity are genetic, orbital changes, solar variations, ocean currents
species and ecosystem diversity. and volcanic activity.
o The most fundamental needs and o Anthropogenic climate change is brought
requirements of human society provided by mainly by burning of fossil fuels resulting to
biodiversity include food, medicine, timber, increased in greenhouse gases emissions.
fiber and fuel. o The probable effects of climate change
o Non-material benefits of biodiversity include changes in sea level and precipitation
include spiritual, cultural, recreational and patterns, effects on biodiversity, human health
aesthetic values, information and knowledge and agriculture.
system
o Biodiversity supports the buffering capacity
and stability of life in this planet through
ecosystem services. Some of the ecological
services provided by biodiversity are
regulation of climate, purification of air and
water, recycling of nutrients, flood control,
formation and protection of soil, biological
pest control, pollination and seed dispersal.
o The utiltarian value of biodiversity rely upon
the direct economic benefits and ecosystem
services we derived from it.
o Intrinsic/inherent value supports that every
species has the right to exist.