Flow Oscillation Between Two Tanks, Solved by Finite Differences

Flow oscillation between two tanks, solved by finite differences
Tank_1,with area _A1 and initial Height H1, and Tank_2, with Tank 1
area _A2 and initial Height H2, are conected via a valve "V" _A1 = 10
with a pipe of diameter "D", lenght "L", and absolute rugosity H1 = 1.5
"Rabs". At the time t = 0, the valve is suddenly open [1]
Tank 2
_A2 = 5
H2 = 1.2
A1
Selected iteration interval
dt = 0.1
H1
Tank_1 Tank_2
System of three differential equa
(See sheets 2 and 3)
A2 H2 d
H (t )⋅A 1=−q(t ) (2 )
dt 1
Valve "V" d
H (t )⋅A 2 =+ q(t ) (3)
dt 2
2 2
dq g⋅π⋅d g⋅¿ π⋅d 2⋅
= H 1− ⋅H 2 − 3
A full bore ball valve is considered. Thus, a value K = 0 is assumed. dt 4⋅L 4⋅L d
1.7000
Graphic of tank hei

1.6000
H (m)
1.5000
1.4000
1.3000
1.2000
1.4000
1.3000
1.2000
1.1000
0 20 40 60 80
System of three differential equations, solved by finite differences

τ ]
[τ n] [ τ n −1 ] q[ n−1 [τn] [ τ n −1 ] q
[ τ n−1 ]
H 1 =H 1 − ¿ Δt ( 15) H 2 =H 2 +
A1 A2
2
g⋅π⋅d 2⋅f
q [ τn ]
=q [τ n−1]
+
[
4⋅L
[ τ n −1 ] [τ n−1]
¿ ( H 1 − H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q
d ¿π
[ τ n−
Time Tank 1 Tank 2 Flowrate Reynolds Friction

t H1 H2 Q Re f
s m m m³/s - -
0 1.5000 1.2000 0 0 0
0.1 1.5000 1.2000 0.0021 88290 #VALUE!
0.2 1.5000 1.2000 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.3 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
The system must stabilize at a height H
Pipe
2
V t =V 1 +V 2
m Diameter D= 0.3 m
m Lenght L= 10 m V t =h 1⋅A 1 +h 2⋅A 2
Rugosity Rabs = 1.0E-04 m V t =( A 1 + A 2 )⋅h final
Rel. rug. Rrel = 3.3E-04 -
( A1 + A2 )⋅hfinal =h1⋅A 1+h 2⋅A 2
m2
h1⋅A1 +h2⋅A 2
m Water properties h final =
Density rho = 1000 kg / m³ A1 + A 2
ation interval Viscosity mu = 0.0001 Pa s hfinal = (H1*A1 + H2*A2)/(A1+A2)
s hfinal = 1.4
2
g= 9.81 m/ s
three differential equations Finite differences form of the three ODE

[ τ n−1 ]
[τn] [ τ n −1 ] q
H 1 =H 1 − ¿ Δt ( 15)
⋅A 1=−q(t ) (2 ) A1
τ ]
⋅A 2 =+ q(t ) [τn] [ τ n −1 ] q [ n−1
(3) H2 =H2 + ¿ Δt ( 16)
A2 Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
2 2
⋅d g⋅¿ π⋅d 2⋅f
H 1− ⋅H 2 − 3 ⋅q2 (9 ) 2⋅f
L 4⋅L d ⋅π
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
q
[ τn ]
=q
[τ n− 1]
[ [τ
+ ( H 1 n−1 −H 2 n−1 ) −
] [τ ]
3
d ¿π
⋅q
[ τ n−1 ]
¿ abs (
raphic of tank heights vs time Tank 1 Tank

ti
60 80 100 120 140 160 180
te differences
[ τ n−1 ]
] [ τ n −1 ] q
n
=H 2 + ¿ Δt ( 16)
A2
2⋅f
−1 ] [ τ n−1 ]
) − 3 ⋅q ¿ abs q
d ¿π
( [ τ n−1 ] )
¿ Δt (17 )
]
Rev. cjc. 04.08.2016
ust stabilize at a height H final
2
+h 2⋅A 2
A 2 )⋅h final
hfinal =h1⋅A 1 +h 2⋅A 2
A1 +h2⋅A 2
+A 2
1*A1 + H2*A2)/(A1+A2)
m
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
2⋅f
3
d ¿π
⋅q
[ τ n−1 ]
¿ abs ( q
[ τ n −1 ] )
]
¿ Δt ( 17 )
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Tank 1 Tank 2
time (s)
60 180 200
Momentum equation applied to the dv
F=m p⋅
fluid in the pipe dt
F⋅dt=m p⋅dv (a ) dv
F=V p⋅ρ⋅
F: Resulting force acting on the mass dt
F=∑ Fi
dt: acting time interval (s)
mp : mass of water in the pipe
(Water in tanks is considered no moving )
dv: velocity change in the pipe
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
From equation
Forces acting on the pipe
dv
F=F 1− F2 −F r (c) F=V p⋅ρ⋅
dt
F1 : Force acting on the water pipe, on with
tank 1 -side . F=F 1− F2 −F r
F 2 : Force acting on the water pipe, on
F1 −F 2 −F r =V p⋅ρ⋅
tank 2 -side .
F r : Friction force acting on the pipe and with
shell in oposite direction as the fluid 1
v= ⋅q
velocity A
dv 1 dq
tank 2 -side . 1 2 r p
F r : Friction force acting on the pipe and with

shell in oposite direction as the fluid 1
v= ⋅q
velocity A
dv 1 dq
Microsoft Editor de
= ⋅
dt A dt
ecuaciones 3.0
F1 −F 2 −F r =V p⋅ρ⋅
Flow leaving tank 1 q (t ) Pressure drop across the pipe

d L ρ
H (t )⋅A 1=−q(t ) (2) ΔP=f⋅ ⋅ ⋅v 2
dt 1 d 2
where H 1 is the water level in tank 1 F r =ΔP⋅A
L ρ
F r =f⋅ ⋅ ⋅v 2⋅A
Flow entering tank 2 q(t ) d 2
d L ρ q2
H (t )⋅A 2 =+ q(t ) (3) F r =f⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 2 ⋅A
dt 2 d 2 A
Area of pipe section L ρ q2
F r =f⋅ ⋅ ⋅
π d 2 A
A = ⋅d 2 (4 )
4 L ρ q2
Forces acting on the mass of water F r =f⋅ ⋅ ⋅
d 2 π 2
in the pipe ⋅d
4
F1 =γ⋅H 1⋅A 1 (5 ) 2⋅L⋅ρ⋅q2
F 2=γ⋅H 2⋅A 2 (6) F r =f⋅ 3
d ⋅π
f⋅2⋅L⋅ρ 2
Microsof t Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
F r= 3 ⋅q (7)
d ⋅π
Replacing equations 5, 6 and 7

F1 =γ⋅H 1⋅A (5 )
F 2=γ⋅H 2⋅A (6 )
Replacing equations 5, 6 and 7
F1 =γ⋅H 1⋅A (5 )
F 2=γ⋅H 2⋅A (6 )
f⋅2⋅L⋅ρ 2
F r= 3 ⋅q (7)
d ⋅π
into equation
1 dq
F1 −F 2 −F r =V p⋅ρ⋅ ⋅ (1 )
A dt
f⋅2⋅L⋅ρ 2 1 dq
γ⋅H 1⋅A−γ⋅H 2⋅A− 3 ⋅q =V p⋅ρ⋅ ⋅
d ⋅π A dt
f⋅2⋅L⋅ρ 2 1 dq
γ⋅A⋅( H 1 −H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q =V p⋅ρ⋅ ⋅
d ⋅π A dt Microsoft Equation
3.0
dq g⋅A 2⋅f
= ⋅( H 1−H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q 2 (8)
dt L d ⋅π
π
A = ⋅d 2 (4 )
4
Differential equation
dq g⋅π⋅d 2 2⋅f
= ⋅( H 1 −H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q2 (9 )
dt 4⋅L d ⋅π
Finite difference form of the equation

dq
q=q previous + ⋅Δt
dt
g⋅π⋅d 2 2⋅f
q=q + ⋅ H −H − ⋅q2 ⋅Δt (10 )
dq
q=q previous + ⋅Δt
dt
g⋅π⋅d 2 2⋅f
q=q previous +
[
4⋅L
⋅( H 1 −H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q2 ⋅Δt (10 )
d ⋅π ]
Equation (9) is the differential equation and equation (10) is
the finite difference form of this equation.
Differential equation
dq g⋅π⋅d 2 2⋅f 2
= ⋅( H 1 − H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q (9)
dt 4⋅L d ⋅π

g⋅π⋅d 2 2⋅f
q=q previous +
[
4⋅L
2
⋅( H 1 −H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q ⋅Δt
d ⋅π ] ( 10 )
Finite form of the differential equation for the flow rate q
q= qprevious + ( g*p*d^2 / (4*L) * ( H1_previous - H2_previous) - 2 / ( p
Change in tanks height Similarly, for tank 2

Tank 1 q
Volume change in a time Δt
ΔV =q⋅Δ t
ΔH 2 =
( )
A2
⋅Δ t (12 )
Change in height
Tank 1 q
Volume change in a time Δt
ΔV =q⋅Δ t
ΔH 2 =
( )
A2
⋅Δ t (12 )
Change in height New height after a time Δt

ΔV for Tank 1 , initially is
ΔH 1 = decreasing its height
A1
H 1 =H 1_previous - ΔH 1
q⋅Δt
ΔH 1 = and with
A1
q
ΔH 1 =
q
A1 ( )
⋅Δ t (11)
ΔH 1 =
( )
A1
⋅Δ t (11
q
Microsoft Equation
3.0
H 1 =H 1_previous -
( )
A1
⋅Δt (13
System of equation for the

For the flow rate
finite differences aproach .
g⋅π⋅d 2
For the height od Tank 1
H 1 =H 1_previous -
q
A1
⋅Δt
( ) (13 )
q=q ant +
4⋅L
H1
[ 2
g⋅π⋅d
[τn] [ τ n −1 ] q
H 1 =H 1 −
A1
[ τ n−1 ]
¿ Δt (15)
q
[ τn ]
=q
[τ n−1]
+
[4⋅L
For the height od Tank 1

q
q
[ τn ]
=q
[τ n−1]
[
+ (H1
[ τ n−
H 2 =H 2_previous +
A2
¿Δt
( ) (14 )
[τ ]
[ τn ] [ τ n−1 ] q n−1
H 2 =H 2 + ¿ Δt (16 )
A2
2 2_previous
(A ) 2
[ τ n−1 ]
[ τn ] [ τ n−1 ] q
H 2 =H 2 + ¿ Δt (16 )
A2 Microsoft Equation
3.0
dv
=m p⋅
dt A1
dv
=V p⋅ρ⋅ (b)
dt H1
Tank_1 Tank_2
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
A2 H2
Valve "V"
F1 F2
Fr
Forces acting on the pipe
m equation
dv
=V p⋅ρ⋅ (b )
dt
h
=F 1− F2 −F r (c)
dv
−F 2 −F r =V p⋅ρ⋅
dt
d with
1
⋅q
A
1 dq
2 r p
dt
d with
1
⋅q
A
1 dq
= ⋅
A dt
1 dq
−F 2 −F r =V p⋅ρ⋅ ⋅ (1 )
A dt Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
If singular pressure drop exist Re sume

Friction loss 1 dq
F1 −F 2 −F r =V p⋅ρ⋅ ⋅ (1 )
L A dt
ΔP f =f⋅ ⋅hv d
d H (t )⋅A 1=−q(t ) (2 )
Singular loss dt 1
d
ΔP K =K⋅hv H (t )⋅A 2 =+q(t ) (3 )
dt 2
Total loss Area of pipe section
ΔP= ΔP f + ΔP K π
A = ⋅d 2 (4 )
L 4
(
ΔP= f⋅ +K ⋅hv
d ) Forces on both pipe ends
F1 =γ⋅H 1⋅A (5 )
L ρ 2
(
ΔP= f⋅ +K ⋅ ⋅v
d ) 2
F 2=γ⋅H 2⋅A
Friction force
(6 )
This case is not considered
f⋅2⋅L⋅ρ 2
in the further development F r= 3 ⋅q (7 )
d ⋅π
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
f⋅2⋅L⋅ρ 2 1 dq
γ⋅A⋅( H 1 −H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q =V p⋅ρ⋅ ⋅
d ⋅π A dt
with V p = A⋅L
f⋅2⋅L⋅ρ 2 1 dq
γ⋅A⋅( H 1 −H 2 ) − 3
⋅q =V p⋅ρ⋅ ⋅
d ⋅π A dt
with V p = A⋅L
f⋅2⋅L⋅ρ 2 1 dq
γ⋅A⋅( H 1 −H 2 ) − 3
⋅q = A⋅L⋅ρ⋅ ⋅
d ⋅π A dt
f⋅2⋅L⋅ρ 2 dq
γ⋅A⋅( H 1 −H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q =L⋅ρ⋅
d ⋅π dt
γ⋅A 2⋅f dq
⋅( H 1 −H 2 )− 3 ⋅q2 =
L⋅ρ d ⋅π dt
dq g⋅A 2⋅f
= ⋅( H 1−H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q 2 ( 8)
dt L d ⋅π
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Microsoft Equation
3.0
(8)
0)
0)
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Microsoft Equation
3.0
- 2 / ( p * d^3 ) * fprevious * Abs(qprevious) * qprevious ) * Dt
New height after a time Δt

k2
for Tank 2 , which initially
(12 ) is increasing its height
Microsoft Equation
3.0
H 2 =H 2_previous +ΔH 2
and with
for Tank 2 , which initially
(12 ) is increasing its height
Microsoft Equation
3.0
H 2 =H 2_previous +ΔH 2
a time Δt and with
ly is q
ght
ΔH 1
ΔH 2 =
( )
A2
⋅Δ t (12)
q
H 2 =H 2_previous +
( )
A2
⋅Δt (14 )
(11)
H1 = H1_previous - (qprevious/A1) * Dt
q
A1
⋅Δt
) (13 )
Microsoft Equation
3.0
H2 = H2_previous + (qprevious/A2) * Dt
flow rate
g⋅π⋅d 2 g⋅¿ π⋅d 2 2⋅f
+
[
4⋅L
H 1−
4⋅L
2
d ⋅π
2
⋅H 2 − 3 ⋅q ⋅Δt
] ( 10)
g⋅π⋅d [τ n−1] 2⋅f

n−1]
+
4⋅L [ [ τ n −1 ]
¿ ( H 1 − H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q
d ¿π
2, [ τ n−1 ]
¿ Δt
]
2⋅f
τ
n−1 ]
[ [ τ n− 1 ]
+ ( H1 −H 2
[ τ n−1 ]
d ¿π
[ τ n−1 ] [ τ
n −1 ]
) − 3 ⋅q ¿ abs q ) ¿ Δt ( 17 )
( ]
Page 1 of 8
Page 2 of 8
Page 3 of 8
dq
(1 )
dt
(2 )
(3 )
(4 )
ds
(5 )
(6 )
(7 )
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Page 4 of 8
Page 5 of 8
Page 6 of 8
7 of 8
(12)
(14 )
Microsoft Equation
3.0
(14)
(15)
8 of 8
Microsoft Equation
3.0
) ] ¿ Δt ( 17 )
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Resume of equations
System of three differential equations System of three difere

The variables at the tim
Diferential equations for the water level their values at the pre
d
H (t )⋅A 1=−q(t ) (2 ) [τ ] [τ ]
dt 1 H 1 n =H 1 n −1 −
d
H 2 ( t )⋅A 2 =+ q(t ) (3 ) [τ ] [τ ]
dt H 2 n =H 2 n −1 +
Differential equation for the flow rate
2
g⋅π⋅d
[
2
dq g⋅π⋅d 2⋅f [ τn ] [τ n−1]
dt
=
4⋅L
⋅( H 1 −H 2 ) − 3 ⋅q2 ( 9) q =q + ¿(H
d ⋅π 4⋅L
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
H1 = H1_anterior - (qanterior/A1) * Dt
H2 = H2_anterior + (qanterior/A2) * Dt
q= qanterior + ( g*p*d^2 / (4*L) * ( H1_anterior - H2_anterior) - 2 / ( p * d^3 ) * fanterior * Abs(q
Rev. cjc. 04.08.2016
ystem of three diferential equations in finite difference form

he variables at the time "tn" are calculated as a function of
heir values at the previous time "tn-1".
[ τ n− 1 ]
[τn] [ τ n −1 ] q
H 1 =H 1 − ¿ Δt ( 15)
A1
[ τ n−1 ]
[τ ] [τ ] q
H 2 n =H 2 n −1 + ¿ Δt ( 16)
A2
2
g⋅π⋅d 2⋅f
+
[
4⋅L
[τ ] [τ ]
d ¿π
[τ ] [τ ]
¿ ( H 1 n −1 − H 2 n−1 ) − 3 ⋅q n−1 ¿ abs ( q n−1 ) ¿ Δt (17 )
]
-15
-16
nterior
* Abs(qanterior) * qanterior ) * Dt -17
Rev. cjc. 04.08.2016
) ] ¿ Δt (17 )

Flow Oscillation Between Two Tanks, Solved by Finite Differences

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Flow Oscillation Between Two Tanks, Solved by Finite Differences

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Flow oscillation between two tanks, solved by finite differences

Graphic of tank hei

System of three differential equations, solved by finite differences

Time Tank 1 Tank 2 Flowrate Reynolds Friction

three differential equations Finite differences form of the three ODE

raphic of tank heights vs time Tank 1 Tank

ust stabilize at a height H final

F r : Friction force acting on the pipe and with

Flow leaving tank 1 q (t ) Pressure drop across the pipe

Replacing equations 5, 6 and 7

Finite difference form of the equation

Finite difference form of the equation

Finite form of the differential equation for the flow rate q

q= qprevious + ( g*p*d^2 / (4*L) * ( H1_previous - H2_previous) - 2 / ( p

Change in tanks height Similarly, for tank 2

Change in height New height after a time Δt

System of equation for the

For the height od Tank 1

Forces acting on the pipe

If singular pressure drop exist Re sume

- 2 / ( p * d^3 ) * fprevious * Abs(qprevious) * qprevious ) * Dt

New height after a time Δt

g⋅π⋅d [τ n−1] 2⋅f

System of three differential equations System of three difere

ystem of three diferential equations in finite difference form

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q= qprevious + ( gpd^2 / (4L) ( H1_previous - H2_previous) - 2 / ( p