4 PICS 1 WORD

M E A S U R E
P O S I T I O N
MEASURE + POSITION
MEASURE OF POSITION
 ACTIVITY!
A group of students obtained the following scores in
Statistics quiz: 8, 2, 5, 4, 8, 5, 7, 1, 3, 6

Task:
1. Arrange the scores in order (ascending/descending).
2. Identify the lowest and highest score.
3. Find the middle score (median). Label as 𝑄2 .
4. Identify the value between the middle score and lowest
score. Label it as 𝑄1 .
5. Identify the value between the middle score and highest
score. Label it as 𝑄3 .
 ACTIVITY!
Guide Questions:
1. What is the values of 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 and 𝑄3 of their scores?
2. Have you realize of finding the position of the scores?
1. Scores are arranged:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8
2. Lowest score is 1. Highest score is 8.
3. Q2 is 5.
4. Q1 is 3.
5. Q3 is 7.
Scores are arranged:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8
Q1 = 3 Q 2 = 5 Q 3 = 7
MEASUREs OF POSITION
 MEASURES OF PROPOSITION
• They are the techniques that divided a
set of data into equal groups.

DIFFERENT MEASURES OF
PROPOSITION ARE:
• Quartiles
• Percentiles Quantiles/Fractiles
• Deciles
 QUANTILES
• Fractiles
• They are the natural extension of the
median concepts.
• They tell where a specific data value
falls within the data set or its relative
position in comparison with other data
values.
QUARTILES
 QUARTILES
• The values that divide the data into four
(4) equal parts.
• These values, denoted by 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 and 𝑄3 .
 QUARTILES
Steps in finding the data values:

1. Arrange the data in order from lowest to highest.

2. Find the median of the data values. This is the
value for 𝑄2 .
3. Find the median of the data values that fall below
𝑄2 . This is the value for 𝑄1 .
4. Find the median of the data values that fall above
𝑄2 . This is the value for 𝑄3 .
QUARTILES
 QUARTILES
Example:
The scores of 7 students in a Mathematics
seatwork are: 7, 4, 3, 6, 7, 4, 8

3, 4, 4, 6, 7, 7, 8
 QUARTILES
Example:
3, 4, 4, 6, 7, 7, 8
𝑄2 = 6 𝑄1 = 4 𝑄3 = 7

∴ 25% of the scores is lower than 4, 50% of the

scores is lower than 6 and 75% of the scores is
lower than 7.
PERCENTILES
 PERCENTILES
• The values that divide the data into one
hundred (100) equal parts.
• These values are denoted by 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , 𝑃3 , . . . 𝑃99 .
 PERCENTILES
Steps in finding the data values:
1. Arrange the data in order from lowest to highest.
2. Substitute into the formula:
𝑃
𝑐= 𝑛 ; n = total number of values
100
p = desired percentile
c = position in an array of scores
 PERCENTILES
3. If c is not a whole number, round up to the next whole
number. Starting at the lowest value, count over the
number that corresponds to the rounded-up value.
4. If c is a whole number, use the value halfway between
the 𝑐 𝑡ℎ and (𝑐 + 1)𝑠𝑡 values when counting up from
the lowest value.
 PERCENTILES
Example:
If the scores of a set of students in a math test
are 20, 30, 15 and 75 what is the percentile rank of the
score 30?

15, 20, 30, 75

 PERCENTILES
15, 20, 30, 75
𝑃
𝑐= 𝑛 n = 4, c = 3
100
𝑃
3= 4
100
𝑃
3=
25
75 = P

∴ The score 30 has the 75th percentile.

DECILES
 DECILES
• The values that divide the data into ten (10)
equal parts.
• These values are denoted by 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 , 𝐷3 , . . . 𝐷9 .
 DECILES
Formula:

𝒅 d = desired decile position

𝑫𝒏 = (𝒏) n = total number of values
𝟏𝟎

Note: If n is odd, 𝐷𝑛 will be rounded up

whether 𝐷𝑛 is odd or even. If n is even and
𝐷𝑛 is odd, do the same thing but if 𝐷𝑛 is also
even, get the mean of the two consecutive
𝐷𝑛 ’s and that is the final 𝐷𝑛 .
Note: If the position is in
decimal, round it up.
 DECILES
Example:
Find 𝐷1 and 𝐷5 in the data set: 20, 30, 25, 23, 22,
32, 36

20, 22, 23, 25, 30, 32, 36

 DECILES
20, 22, 23, 25, 30, 32, 36; n = 7 (odd)
𝑑 𝑑
𝐷𝑛 = 𝑛 𝐷𝑛 = 𝑛
10 10
1 5
𝐷1 = 7 𝐷5 = 7
10 10
𝐷1 = 0.7 𝐷5 = 3.5
𝐷1 = 1 (1st position of array) 𝐷5 = 4 (4th position of array)
𝑫𝟏 = 20 𝑫𝟓 = 25
Note: If the position is in
decimal, round it up.
 DECILES
Example:
Find 𝐷5 and 𝐷8 in the data set: 20, 30, 25, 23, 22,
32, 36, 18

18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 30, 32, 36

 DECILES
18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 30, 32, 36; n=8 (even)
𝑑
𝐷𝑛 = 𝑛
10
5
𝐷5 = 8
10
𝐷5 = 4 (4th position of array; even, so take the
mean of two 2 consecutive s 𝐷𝑛 s.)
𝐷5 = mean of 𝐷4 (23) and 𝐷5 (25)
23+25
𝐷5 = Note: If the position is
2
𝐃𝟓 = 24 in decimal, round it
up.
 DECILES
18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 30, 32, 36; n=8 (even)

𝑑
𝐷𝑛 = 𝑛
10
8
𝐷8 = 8
10
𝐷8 = 6.4
𝐷8 = 7 (7th position of array)
𝑫𝟖 = 32
Note: If the position is
in decimal, round it
up.
 Relationship among Quartiles,
Deciles and Percentiles
• The 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 , 𝐷3 , . . . 𝐷9 are the same as
𝑃10 , 𝑃20 , 𝑃30 , . . . 𝑃90 , respectively.
• The 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , 𝑄3 are the same as 𝑃25 , 𝑃50 , 𝑃75 ,
respectively.
• The Median is the same as 𝑃50 or 𝑄2 or 𝐷5 .
 FRACTILES
FOR GROUPED DATA
 QUARTILES
𝒌
𝒏−𝑭
𝑸𝒌 = 𝑳 + 𝟒 𝒊
𝒇
k = desired quantile position
f = frequency of the quantile class
n = sample size
i = class width
F = cumulative frequency of the class interval
right below the quantile class
L = lower boundary of the quantile class
 DECILE
𝒌
𝒏−𝑭
𝑫𝒌 = 𝑳 + 𝟏𝟎 𝒊
𝒇
k = desired quantile position
f = frequency of the quantile class
n = sample size
i = class width
F = cumulative frequency of the class interval
right below the quantile class
L = lower boundary of the quantile class
 PERCENTILE
𝒌
𝒏−𝑭
𝑷𝒌 = 𝑳 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒊
𝒇
k = desired quantile position
f = frequency of the quantile class
n = sample size
i = class width
F = cumulative frequency of the class interval
right below the quantile class
L = lower boundary of the quantile class
Note:
Before you can use those formulas, find first the
Quantile Class.
𝒌 𝒕𝒉
▪ The Quartile Class is the class interval where 𝒏
𝟒
observation falls.
𝒌 𝒕𝒉
▪ The Decile Class is the class interval where 𝒏
𝟏𝟎
observation falls.
𝒌 𝒕𝒉
▪ The Percentile Class is the class interval where 𝒏
𝟏𝟎𝟎
observation falls.

The computation of quartiles for grouped data is similar to the

computation of the median for grouped data.
 PERCENTILE RANK
• PR Gives us the relative rank of scores within a
distribution, based on a scale of 100.
• Percentile rank have a universal meaning which
raw scores do not have.
• Percentile rank are percentages, i.e., given the
score-point, find the equivalent percentage.
Ex. “45% are less than 72”
72 is the percentile, 45 is the percentile rank
hence, 72 is the value at the 45th percentile.
 PERCENTILE RANK
• Percentile rank of a given score is the percentage
of scores in the entire distribution which are
below it.
Ex. If your score has a percentile rank of 32, this
means that 32% of the total distributions fall below your
score. A percentile rank of 95, means that you surpassed the
95% of the examinees.
 PERCENTILE RANK
VS. PERCENTILE
• Percentiles (P) ate NOT the same as percentages.
Ex. If a student gets 82 correct answers out of a possible
100, she obtains a percentage score of 82. there is no indication
of her position with respect to the rest of the class. She could
have scored the highest, the lowest, or somewhere in between.
On the other hand, if a raw score of 82 corresponds to the 94th
percentile, then she did better that 94% of the class students in
her class.
• P are score points, i.e., given the percentage, find the
equivalent score-point.
Ex. If 𝑃25 = 38, then 25% of the students obtained a
score of less than 38. thus, a score of 38 is at 25th percentile.
 FORMULAS FOR SOLVING PERCENTILE
RANKS
Formulas Notations
For Data in Ungrouped Frequency Table: 𝑃𝑅𝑥 = percentile rank of the given
1 score (x)
𝑓+𝐹
𝑃𝑅𝑥 = 2 100 f = frequency or number of scores
𝑛 within the score of interest
F = cumulative frequency right below
For Data in an Array Score: the score of interest
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑥 + 0.5
𝑃𝑅𝑥 = 100 n = total number of scores in the
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 distribution

Note: Affix the percent sign (%) in the

final answer.
 FORMULAS FOR SOLVING PERCENTILE
RANKS
Formulas Notations
For Data in Grouped Frequency Table: 𝑃𝑅𝑥 = percentile rank of the given
𝑃−𝐿 𝑓 100 score (x)
𝑃𝑅𝑥 = +𝐹 P = percentile (score of interest)
𝑖 𝑛
L = lower boundary of the class interval
where P belongs
f = frequency of the class interval
where P belongs
F = cumulative frequency right below
the class interval where P belongs
n = total number of scores in the
distribution
i = class width

Note: Affix the percent sign (%) in the

final answer.
 The Five-Number Summary and
Boxplots
• A boxplot can be used to graphically represent
the data set. These plots involve five specific
values:
1. The lowest value of the data set (i.e., minimum)
2. The first quartile, 𝑄1 .
3. The median
4. The second quartile, 𝑄3
5. The highest value of the data set (i.e., maximum)

– These values are called a five-number summary

of the data set.
 The Five-Number Summary and
Boxplots
• A boxplot is a graph of a data set obtained by
drawing a horizontal line from the minimum
data value to 𝑄1 , drawing a horizontal line
from 𝑄3 to the maximum data value, and
drawing a box whose vertical sides pass
through 𝑄1 and 𝑄3 with a vertical line inside
the box passing through the median or 𝑄2 .
 The Five-Number Summary and
Boxplots
Procedure for constructing a Boxplot
1. Find the five-number summary for the data values,
that is, the maximum and minimum data values, 𝑄1
and 𝑄3 , and the median.
2. Draw a horizontal axis with a scale such that it
included the maximum and minimum data values.
3. Draw a box whose vertical sides go through 𝑄1 and
𝑄3 , and draw a vertical line through the median.
4. Draw a line from the minimum data value to the left
side of the bow and a line from the maximum data
value to the right side of the box.
Example:
30, 39, 47, 48, 78, 89, 164, 215, 296

L = 30, 𝑸𝟐 = 78, 𝑸𝟏 =47, 𝑸𝟑 =164, H=296

47 78 164
30 296

0 100 200 300

Information obtained from Boxplot
1. If the median is near the center of the box, the
distribution is approximately symmetric.
2. If the median falls to the left of the center of the
box, the distribution is positively skewed.
3. If the median falls to the right of the center of the
box, the distribution is negatively skewed.
4. If the lines are about the same length, the
distribution is approximately symmetric.
5. If the right line is larger than the left line, the
distribution is positively skewed.
6. If the left line is larger than the right line, the
distribution is negatively skewed.
L = 30, 𝑸𝟐 =78, 𝑸𝟏 =47, 𝑸𝟑 =164, H=296

47 78 164
30 296

0 100 200 300

The distribution is somewhat positively skewed.