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JLDQ
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JLDQ

76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS

76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 

'jQEjL
,.KiLQLӋP&+FiFFKҩW
, .KiL QLӋP &+FiF FKҩW&+WUXQJ JLDQ
,, ĈӗQJ KyD Yj Gӏ KyD
,,, ĈһF ÿLӇP &+WUXQJ JLDQ

76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 
,.KiLQLӋP&+FiFFKҩW 'ӏKyDYjÿӗQJKyD

1.Chuy͛n hóa các ch̽t (metabolism):


¾7ҩWFҧcác quá trình hóa hͥc [ҧ\UDWURQJFѫWKӇWӯ
NKL7ĂÿѭӧFÿѭDYjRFѫWKӇÿӃQNKLFKҩWFһQEm
ÿѭӧFWKҧLUDP{LWUѭӡQJ
¾/jquá trình trao ÿͭi ch̽t FѫWKӇVӕQJYjP{L
WUѭӡQJ

76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 

,.KiLQLӋP&+FiFFKҩW ,.KiLQLӋP&+FiFFKҩW

2. Chuy͛n hóa trung gian &+FiFFKҩWEDRJӗP


¾7LrXKyD7Ă
¾&iFSѭYjTXWUKyDKӑF[ҧ\UDWURQJ7% ¾+ҩSWKө
¾&+WUXQJJLDQ WURQJ7% ÿӗQJKyDGӏKyD
¾/jNKkXTXDQWUӑQJYjSKӭFWҥSQKҩW
¾'LӉQUDTXDQKLӅXkhâu trung gian YjQKLӅXFKҩW ¾&+WUXQJJLDQ&+*OXFLG&+/LSLG&+3URWLG

WUXQJJLDQ FKҩW&+KD\VҧQSKҭP&+

76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 
4XiWUuQKWKRiLKyDFiFFKҩWFXQJFҩS
,,ĈӗQJKyDYjGӏKyD  QăQJOѭӧQJ GӏKyDWLrXKyDYjKҩSWKX
‡ *OXFLG WKRiLKyD
/jPһWPkXWKXүQQKѭQJWKӕQJQKҩW
1. Dͣ hóa: (Catabolism) ‡ /LSLG &2+28Ur
7KRiLKyD WKRiLELӃQ  ‡ 3URWLG
‡ SKkQJLҧLFiFÿҥLSWӱo FiFSWӱQKӓKѫQ
‡ *LҧLSKyQJQăQJOѭӧQJ 1ăQJOѭӧQJ
~ 50% ~ 50%

1KLӋW $'3+32 &{QJ


Hóa hͥc,
C˿ hͥc,
ATP + H2O Th́m th̽u.

76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 

1D.$73DVH F{QJWKҭPWKҩXYtGө 1D.$73DVH F{QJWKҭPWKҩXYtGө


¾ 0{WҧPjQJWEYjSURWHLQ
[X\rQPjQJ 1D.
$73DVH 
¾ +DLKuQKWDPJLiFP{Wҧ
JUDGLHQWQӗQJÿӝFӫD
Flow of ions.
1DYj.NKiFQKDX
JLӳDQӝLEjRYjQJRҥL
EjR
Sodium-potassium pump,
E2-Pi state. Calculated ¾ %ѫP1D. $73DVH
hydrocarbon boundaries
of the lipid bilayer are Alpha and beta units: OjSURWHLQ VӁYFLRQFKӕQJOҥL
shown as blue [X\rQPjQJÿLӇQKuQK[~FWiF
VӵWKӫ\SKkQ$73FXQJFҩS( JUDULHQWQӗQJÿӝFӫD
(intracellular) and red FKRVӵÿӕLFKX\ӇQ1DYj.
(extracellular) planes FK~QJ
76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 
ĈӗQJKyD DQDEROLVP YjGӏKyD &iFÿҥLSKkQWӱVLQKKӑFYjFiFPRQRPHU
FDWDEROLVP WURQJVѫÿӗ&+&& FӫDFK~QJ
Lo̹i phân t΅ D̹ng D̹ng polymer Ví dͽ
monomer

$PLQRDFLGV $PLQRDFLGV 3URWHLQ )LEURXVSURWHLQV


SRO\SHSWLGHV JOREXODU
SURWHLQV
&DUERK\GUDWHV 0RQRVDFFKDU 3RO\VDFFKDULGHV 7LQK EӝW
LGHV *O\FRJHQ
&HOOXORVH
1XFOHLFDFLG 1XFOHRWLGHV 3RO\QXFOHRWLGHV '1$
51$

76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 

,,ĈӗQJKyDYjGӏKyD  /ѭӥQJKyD

ĈӗQJKyD DQDEROLVP ‡ 1JRjLÿӗQJKyDYjGӏKyDFzQOѭӥQJKyD


‡ 7әQJKӧS ‡ /ѭӥQJKyDSKөFYөFҧPөFÿtFKÿӗQJKyDYjGӏ
‡ /ҩ\(WӯGӏKyD KyD
‡ 9'&7$FLG&LWULF &7.UHEV
‡ /jTXiWUuQKELӃQÿәL06$%DFLGDPLQYj
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WKӇ

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0ӕLOTXJLӳDĈӗQJKyDYjGӏKyD 7LrXKyD GӏKyD

‡ +DLTXiWUuQKÿӗQJKyD ™Tiêu hoáWKӫ\ SKkQ WKӭF ăQ


YjGӏKyDOTXDQFKһWFKӁ ‡ 7% *OXFRVH NK{QJ ÿһF KLӋX
DP\ODVH GӏFK WLrX KyD
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‡ 7KRiLKyDFyQJKƭDUӝQJ SURWHDVH
KѫQ
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‡ 'ӏKyD OLSDVH
‡ 3KkQJLҧLFiFÿҥLSWEҩWNǤ
o FiFSWӱQKӓKѫQNqP
WKHRJLҧLSKyQJQăQJ
OѭӧQJ

76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 

9ӏWUtFҳWFӫDĮ ± DP\ODVH
7Kӫ\SKkQ3RO\VDFFKDULGHV WLrXKyD

76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 
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7әQJKӧS

‡ Tͭng hͻp
‡ *OXFRVHDD7* 0{
0iX 7+

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ÿһFKLӋX

'ӏKyD ĈӗQJKyD

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6LQKYұWWӵGѭӥQJ 79 YjGӏGѭӥQJ Ĉ9
,,,3KҧQӭQJOLrQKӧS
‡ 69WӵGѭӥQJ 79 
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‡ 7KtGөSѭ7+*3 FҫQNFDO
‡ */3WKRiLKyDTXD*Ĉ
*OXFRVH+32 *3+2
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$73+2 $'3+32
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3\UXYDWH

$FHW\O&R$

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‡ *ÿ $FHW\O&R$

&7$& .UHEV  &KXӛL++7%

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/ѭXê
3URWHLQ *OXFLG /LSLG
‡ &ҫQSKkQELӋW
I ‡ Synthetase[WSѭ7+YӟLVӵWKDPJLDFӫD$73*73«
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‡ (Q]\PQJRҥLEjR$P\ODVHQѭӟFEӑWSHSVLQGӏFKYӏ$P\ODVH
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2 +2 &2
WKӣYjR 76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS  76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 

0Ӝ76ӔĈҺ&Ĉ,ӆ0&+7581**,$1

1.CH trung gian x̻y ra ͷ


‡ S+WUXQJWtQK
‡ WRaR&
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0Ӝ76ӔĈҺ&Ĉ,ӆ0&+7581* 0Ӝ76ӔĈҺ&Ĉ,ӆ0&+7581**,$1 WW
*,$1 WW 5.Các qtr CH có liên quan ch͏t ch͕ và ÿ́ͻc ÿi͙u hòa
theo nhu c̿u c˿ th͛.
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JLӟL69 ‡ &+*OXFLG&+3URWLG&+/LSLG&+$1
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‡ 6ҳFNê *OXFLG
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‡ 0606 ÿѭӡQJo *OXFRVHQLӋXn o $ODYj*OXOjWLӅQFKҩWFӫD
*OXFRVH
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‡ &yQKLӅXSS1&&+FiFFKҩW
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YjR&7.UHEV *ĈFӫD&+WUXQJJLDQ 
‡ 6ҧQSKҭPFӫD&7.UHEVOj&2+21$'++)$'+Yj$73 Company.
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76ĈѭӡQJ7Kӏ+ӗQJ'LӋS 

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