Introduction to the

Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 5

Freedom of the Human Person

 Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 12

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Freedom of the Human Person
First Edition, 2020
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 Introduction to the
Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 5

Freedom of the Human Person

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Table of Contents
Overview i

Pre – Assessment ii-vi

Lesson Proper

Lesson 1: Definition of Freedom and Its Kind 1-6

Lesson 2: Voluntariness, Responsibility, and

Making Choices 7-11

Post – Assessment 12-15

References 16
 Overview
Name: Date: Score:

Subject: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Topic: Freedom of the Human Person

Content
Standards: The learner understands the human person’s freedom

Performance
The learner shows situations that demonstrate freedom of choice
Standards:
and the consequences of choices

Learning 1. Realize that “all actions have consequences.”

Competencies: (PPT11/12-IIa-5.1)
2. Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices
(PPT11/12-IIa-5.2)
3. Realize that: (PPT11/12-IIb-5.3)
a. Choices have consequences
b. Some things are given up while others are obtained in
making choices

What is this Freedom enables us to enjoy the available choices and to take
module all actions to achieve what satisfies us the most. It is a gift that requires
about: proper mind set, utmost responsibility, and right discipline. In this
module, you will be able to understand and value freedom and its
significance to yourself and others if used responsibly

Module Lesson 1: Definition of Freedom and Its Kind

Content: Lesson 2: Voluntariness, Responsibility, and Making Choices
Lesson 3: Exercising Freedom in a Responsible and Beneficial
Manner

1
 Components in each Lesson
What I Need to Know

- Learning Objectives

What I Know?

- Pre-Assessment

What’s In?

- Review Activity

What’s New?

- Motivational Activity

What is It?

- Lesson Proper

What’s More?

- Performance Task

What Have I Learned?

- Generalization

What Can I Do?

- Application

Assessment

- Post-Assessment

2
 ​What I Need to Know
​ At the end of this module, the learners will be able to:

1. understand the true essence of freedom;

2. exercise prudence in making choices;
3. rationalize that:
a. choices have consequences;
b. some things are given up while others are obtained in making
choices, and
4. show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and its consequences.

The following are your guides for the proper use of this module​:

1. Follow the instructions correctly.

2. Be honest in answering and checking your exercises.
3. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you
already know.
4. Answer the exercises at the end of every lesson.
5. Review the lesson that you find difficult to understand.
6. Seek assistance from your teacher if you need help.
7. Ask permission from y our parents/guardians whenever you have
research and requirements to be conducted outside your home.

What I know

​A​. ​Write the letter of your answers in your activity notebook.

1. This word refers to the ability to make choices and perform actions. It is an
intrinsic and essential property of the human person.
a. Freedom
b. Free Will
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness

2. This is a type of freedom from physical restraint.

a. Moral freedom
b. Physical freedom
c. Psychological freedom
3
 d. Voluntariness

3. This is the kind of freedom that allows a person to perform actions which he
or she considers right and wise.
a. Freedom of choosing
b. Voluntarism
c. Psychological freedom
d. Moral Freedom

4. It is the ability to act out one’s free will and self-determination.

a. Volunteerism
b. Responsibility
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness

5. This word means that a person is accountable for his or her actions and their
consequences.
a. Responsibly
b. Responsibility
c. Irresponsibleness
d. Voluntariness

B. ​Put a check beside each number of the statement, which shows the responsible
use of freedom.

1. Daniel’s school shoes are still in top shape except that its color is dried
out. Instead of buying new ones, he decided to fix it and polish it well.
2. Instead of shopping for a new expensive purse, Liza decided to save up
for her startup capital for a buy and sell business.
3. With the knowledge that the following day is their unit test, Justin stayed
up late playing video games.
4. Leo decided to help his parents put up their backyard garden instead of
going out with his friends.
5. Martha loves eating out in fast food and enjoys greasy and unhealthy
food and drinks instead of eating home-cooked meals.

4
C. Analyzing situations​.
Read the following situations below. How are you going to apply prudence in
choosing to exercise your freedom more responsibly? Encircle the letter that
corresponds to your answer.

1. Your parents cautioned you about going out with friends or classmates after
school and that you should be home early to help out in the household
chores. But your best friends insisted that you will watch movies together and
they will pay for the meals and tickets. What is your take on this?

a. You are going to text your parents that you will be late in going
home because your friends invited you to a movie with free tickets
and food.
b. You will text your parents that you will be late and make an alibi
that there is an activity in school.
c. You will ask your parents’ permission if you could go out with them
to watch movies.
d. You will decline the offer and go home directly after school.

2. Your grandmother asked you to withdraw her meager pension in the ATM.
After getting the cash, you saw those fashionable denim pants your friends
wore which you have also been dying to have and it is on 70% discounted
sale. Knowing your grandmother does not know how much money she had in
the bank, now is your chance to own those attractive denim pants. What
decision are going to make?

a. You will not give the transaction receipt to your grandmother and
explain that the machine ran out of transaction slips and then give
her what remains of the cash.
b. You will ask for money from your grandmother and buy those
fashionable denim pants you have been dying to have.
c. You will buy those fashionable denim pants using your
grandmother’s meager pension and ask money from your parents
to refurbish the withdrawn cash.
d. You will not buy those fashionable denim pants you have been
dying to have and give the full cash to your grandmother together
with the transaction receipts.

3. Your classmate borrowed the money which is supposed to pay your

dressmaker for your new uniform with the promise to return it the next day.
But more than one week has passed, still your classmate did not pay you and

5
 worse ignored your pleas. She seems to have no plans of returning the
money back. What are you going to do?

a. You will take the matter to your own hands and create a scene that
will embarrass her in front of the class.
b. You will report this matter to your adviser so that she will promise
to pay you her due.
c. You will go to their house and tell her parents that she owed you
money to pay for your new uniform.
d. You will just ignore and forget about this matter and promise
yourself that she can never borrow money from you again.

4. You caught your little brother secretly taking money from your mother’s wallet
twice. You asked him the reason. He explained that the money he took is to
buy materials for their class project. What are you going to do?

a. You will report this incident to your mother and let your brother
explain his act to her himself.
b. You will not believe your brother’s story and punish him yourself
immediately.
c. You will announce to all your family members what your brother
did so that everyone will have the chance to judge him off his act.
d. You will give him last chance by not telling anyone especially your
mother of what he did if he will return the money back and promise
to not doing it again.

5. You saw a classmate sleeping during your English subject. You are aware
that he works in a cafeteria in the evening and he looks really exhausted and
in a deep sleep. But you are also concerned that he should also participate
actively during class activities. What are you going to do then?

a. You will make a loud noise just to wake him up and tell him the
class is almost done.
b. You will report to the teacher that he is always sleeping during her
class.
c. You will ignore him sleeping and give him your notes so that he
can just study it when he is already wide awake and ready to
learn.
d. You will lead the class in carrying him until he will wake up, it will

be fun.

6
7
Lesson 1: Definition of Freedom and
It’s Kind
Learning Competency: Realize that “all actions have consequences.
”​(PPT11/12-IIa-5.1)

 
 
​What’s New?

Activity 1:​ ​Show Me A Picture.

1. ​Paste/draw any picture in the box that depicts a caged animal.

1. What emotions and ideas can be derived from the picture when it comes to
freedom? Why?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________

2. Could there be a considerable amount of change if animals are given the

freedom and roam freely in their natural habitat? Expound your answer.

1
 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________

What Is It?

What is Freedom?​ ​What is the essence of freedom?  

- The ability to make choices and perform those choices.
- The ability to be what we want and to decide and create
oneself.

Two concepts that will help us fully understand freedom:

1. Freedom itself

“Freedom is generally defined as having the ability to act or change

without constraint-Wikipedia” Someone or something is “free” if he/it can do
or change anything effortlessly and responsibly. A person or an animal has
the freedom to do things that will not, in theory, or practice, be prevented by
other forces. But freedom has its particular limitations beyond himself
because he is bound by consequences of his actions either to promote
goodness or destruction to himself or other persons.

Example:

Your teacher gave you a pen and paper. The goal here is to make these
two items useful for you. You can either use the pen to write a letter or draw
something on the paper. You can also transform the paper into a paper
airplane and write a message on it and throw it in the air until it finally lands
to another person’s lap. Using your freedom as an instrument to create
action without constraint is its true meaning.

2. Free will
Free will is the ability to choose different courses of action without
restrictions. If we exercise our free will, we get to decide on things that will
lead to results, either good or bad, beneficial or not. The actions that we do
depend on the values we uphold and the acceptance and expectations of
the community we live in, including family members and friends that we
care about.
To be precise, free will is our ability to choose things according to
our moral reasoning, which can also be related to our previous lesson on
2
 self-determination or the ability to select on what is right and wrong, that a
person’s action determines what kind of person he or she becomes.
KINDS OF FREEDOM

1. Physical Freedom

​
Physical freedom refers to the absence of any physical restraint. The
person has the freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants to go. He
or she is not impeded in his or her actions by any physical force. Granted
that the person has natural limitations, physical freedom enables him or
her to act and move in determined manner. You cannot be everywhere at
once, but your freedom allows you to move one place to another and to go
whenever you want to go.

2. Psychological Freedom

Psychological freedom is also called freedom of choice. The person

is free to perform actions that he or she considers right and wise. A person
is also free to act or ​not to act. Psychological freedom is innate and cannot
be denied to
​ a person. No outside force or influence can compel a person
to take action against his or her will.

3. Moral Freedom

Moral freedom refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds

human dignity and goodness. Freedom is not an object that a person may
use in whatever way he or she pleases. A person must use his or her
freedom to grow as a person. A person becomes freer when he or she uses

 ​
freedom well but becomes less free when he or she uses it in a wicked

way. Humans have a natural inclination for what is right and moral, ​and

when a person uses his or her freedom to do acts that violates human dignity and
goodness, he or she dehumanizes himself or herself and effectively
negates human freedom.

 
 

3
  
 

What’s More?

Activity 2: My Reflection.

Write your reflection in your activity notebook if you chose to write an essay or
send to our GC if you chose to produce a two-minute video.

Listen to (or View) the message of Ruth Chang via Ted Talk on making hard choices
through ​https://www.ted.com/talks/ruth_chang​ or read the transcript below. You can
make a ​two-minute talk video​ about your own difficulty in choosing (career path,
relationships, studies, etc) and send it to our GC ​or write a 5 paragraph (300 word)
essay ​on “The Choice I Make”. The idea here is whether you made a good or bad
decisions and its effect on you as a person. Have fun and enjoy!

4
 Ruth [Chang-] : How to make hard choices​ (​transcript​)
According to her rational individuals are not merely discoverers of reasons but creators of them
through the activity of commitment and by owning full responsibilities of your choice or decision.
She is a philosopher, lawyer and researcher.

Summary

People definitely say that they have some hard choices. They think that hard choices are
big and hard, it matters to them but they can't choose one because they are stupid.
However, the speaker who studies hard choices and is a philosopher, tells us that we
shouldn't choose one because there is no best option. It means that we misunderstand
hard choices but we have to choose one.
1) If you start with two things that are equally good, and you improve one of them, it now
must be better than the other. This is not the case with options in hard choices.
2) You assume that the choice has a good answer that is greater or lesser or equal.
However, the value of the choices can't be measured by something. She calls this "on a
par."
3) In fact, the alternatives are in the same area and at the same level. It's very different
in kind of value but you don't realize.
4) The choice means to create reasons for yourself and make yourself into the kind of
person who you want to be. It's not dictated by reasons given to you. The reasons create
to you like you became the authors of your own life.
In other words, how to make hard choices doesn't have the failure, because you can
make yourself in the space of hard choices where you get to exercise your normative
power. The power creates reasons for yourself and makes yourself fit the reasons. You
can decide your life by yourself. This is the answer on how to make hard choices. You
can enjoy it.

Criteria Rating
Content Organization: ​The video output must show clear
statement of purpose, what is this video about and must be able to
1 2 3 4
present at least two hard choices in your life and the decision you
make, its consequence and how you deal with it until this time.
Originality:​ The video output must not be copy-pasted from other
person’s work or ideas with a sense of creativity and with
1 2 3 4
punchlines or “hugot”. It must relate to your own personal
experience and thoughts.
Production Standard: The video output must have smooth
picture quality, lighting is sufficient, audio is clear, back drop is 1 2 3 4
pleasing and speaker is in his formal casual/school uniform attire.
Completion: ​The Video output must be complete following the
1 2 3 4
maximum time of two minutes.
TOTAL (20 points)
​Rubrics for Video
5
 Rubrics for Essay
Criteria Rating
Content Organization: ​The essay output must present clear
statement of purpose or introduction. It must also contain a
well-developed body of ideas with at least two hard choices in your
1 2 3 4
life and the decision you make, its consequence and how you deal
with it until this time. The ending should contain powerful message
like lessons learned or insights or relevant quotations.
Originality:​ The essay output must not be copy-pasted from other
person’s work or ideas with a sense of creativity and with
punchlines or “hugot” and “voice” which must relate to your own 1 2 3 4
personal experience and ideas.

Unity: ​The ideas presented must be interconnected and form part

of the whole of the essay using connectors and transition words.
1 2 3 4
Word choice and details of each sentence must be clear and
appropriate. .
Language Mechanics:​ Spelling, grammar, sentence structure
1 2 3 4
and mechanics should follow the standard English.
TOTAL (20 points)

Getting the Mean: Descriptions: 4= outstanding

​Total Score 3= Very Satisfactory
​5 2= Satisfactory
1= Needs Improvement

Lesson 2: Elements of
Freedom
Learning Competencies: Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices realize
that:
a. Choices have consequences ​(PPT11/12-IIa-5.2)
b. Some things are given while others are obtained in making choices
(PPT11/12-IIb-5.3)

What’s New?

Activity 1: Knowing My Priorities

6
Read the situation below and answer the questions after it. Write your answer in
your activity notebook.

News came that a sudden deluge of water ran over some houses near your area.
Thank God, no one was hurt except that most of their homes were destroyed and all
of their belongings were literally washed out. Your school is planning to help since
some of their students live there. The school needed the help from student volunteers
who were lucky to have been spared from this calamity. Are you willing to accept this
call?

a. Would you volunteer to the said activity? Why or why not?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
b. What do you think drives you to join or not join the activity?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
c. If you choose to volunteer for the activity, what are the responsibilities that
you can associate to your act of voluntarism?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

What Is It?

Two elements that define freedom:

1. Voluntariness

It is the ability of a person to act of his or her own free will and self-determination.
A person may decide to do things or not to do it according to his own free will. It also
means that even though she/he is not required to do such things he/she could still do
it or take action on it.

7
 Voluntary acts are free acts which can be assigned a corresponding moral
value. One must always remember that in every action we make, in every choice we
make there is an equivalent consequence. These consequences affect not just the
individual who does the decision but also other people in their surroundings. With
that, one must always accept the consequences that results from his or her choices
or actions and take responsibility for them.

2. Responsibility

Responsibility refers to the person being accountable for his or her action and
their consequences. Taking responsibility can mean either you take responsibility to
your doing voluntarily or other people will hold you responsible. For example, if you
made a bad action it’s either you take responsibility of it or other people will hold you
accountable for it.

Example of voluntariness and responsibility

Mira wanted to earn extra income to support her studies. That is why she joined
an online business that offer to sell beauty products and vitamins. At first, Mira was
making money enough to support her school needs like fare and food for one week. Her
demands grew better, so, she wanted to earn more by recruiting members to join her
company she knew nothing of its origin. Later, she found out that this company was a
hoax and several classmates she enlisted and even teachers she enticed to buy
warned that her products have harmful effects to a person’s kidney and liver. Still she
continued selling because she needed the money badly without considering the health
of her customers. One day, Mira was apprehended by the NBI, Narcotics and SOCO
officers for selling counterfeit products.

This situation tells us about volunteerism on the part of Mira who at first aspires
for extra income to support her schooling by engaging in an online business which is
not bad. But when she learned about the company/s fraudulent and counterfeit
products, she has the responsibility to leave the company and report it to the
authorities.

Discuss:

1. What kind of freedom does Mira exercise?

2. How does truthful knowledge contribute to or limit Mira’s freedom?
3. How can you show respect for the freedom of others?

There are significant factors to consider in the exercise of freedom. These are ​Prudence
and ​Self-reflection​.

• Prudence is the ability to govern and discipline oneself with the use of reason;
it is having caution and giving good judgments in making decisions. Making

8
 hard choices is an exercise of freedom. But freedom should also be based on
truthful knowledge and wise reasoning. Hence, we should practice
self-reflection on every decision we make.

• Self-reflection allows each person to analyze his life both in small and big
details in terms of the decisions, actions and choices he make Browning, G
(2009). It is a deeper form of learning where if practiced with higher sense of
wise judgement and keen perception, the experiences he makes are more
meaningful and serve as guide for improved and informed decisions, actions
and choices.

Finish the Sentence

● I do my best when . . .
● I struggle when . . .
● I am comfortable when . . .
● I feel stress when . . .
● I am courageous when . . .
● One of the most important things I learned was . . .
● I missed a great opportunity when . . .
● One of my favorite memories is . . .
● My toughest decisions involve . . .
● Being myself is hard because . . .
● I can be myself when . . .
● I wish I were more . . .
● I wish I could . . .
● I wish I would regularly . . .
● I wish I had . . .
● I wish I knew . . .
● I wish I felt . . .
● I wish I saw . . .
● I wish I thought . . .
● Life should be about . . .
● I am going to make my life about . . .

  ​What’s More?

Activity 2: My Freedom Circle.

Write down as many good and bad decisions you made in the
past one year inside the circle and cross out the decisions you
think you regret.

According to Ruth Chang, there is no best choice in

decision-making, but it is your commitment to own that decision
9
 where it will shape the best version of yourself. Fill the chart
below with ​words or phrases to know whether your judgements
are good and bad ones. Cross out those you think are limiting
your freedom and the freedom of others.

Activity3: Reflect.

Draw/sketch a scene or an object where it reflects prudence in

decision-making or write down a line or two of a song/poem where it
talks about thoughtful or wise choice.

10
 Assessment

A. ​Write the letter of your answers in your activity notebook.

1. This word refers to the ability to make choices and perform actions. It is an
intrinsic and essential property of the human person.
a. Freedom
b. Free Will
11
 c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness

2. This is a type of freedom from physical restraint.

a. Moral freedom
b. Physical freedom
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness

3. This is the kind of freedom which allows a person to perform actions which he or
she considers right and wise.
a. Freedom of choosing
b. Voluntarism
c. Psychological freedom
d. Moral Freedom

4. It is the ability to act out one’s free will and self-determination.

a. Volunteerism
b. Responsibility
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness

5. This word means that a person is being accountable for his or her actions and
their consequences.
a. Responsibly
b. Responsibility
c. Irresponsibleness
d. Voluntariness

B. ​Put a check beside each number of the statement which shows responsible use
of freedom.

1. Daniel’s school shoes are still in top shape except that its color is dried out.
Instead of buying new ones, he decided to fix it and polish it well.
2. Instead of shopping for a new expensive purse, Liza decided to save up for
her startup capital for the buy and sell business.
3. With the knowledge that the following day is their unit test, Justin stayed up
late playing video games.

12
4. Leo decided to help his parents put up their backyard garden instead of going
out with his friends.
5. Martha loves eating out in fast food and enjoys greasy and unhealthy food and
drinks instead of eating home-cooked meals.

C. Analyzing situations​.
Read the following situations below. How are you going to apply prudence in
making a choice to exercise your freedom more responsibly? Encircle the letter that
corresponds your answer.

1. Your parents cautioned you about going out with friends or classmates after
school and that you should be home early to help out in the household chores.
But your best friends insisted that you will watch movies together and they will
pay for the meals and tickets. What is your take on this?

a. You are going to text your parents that you will be late in going home
because your friends invited you to a movie with free tickets and food.
b. You will text your parents that you will be late and make an alibi that
there is an activity in school.
c. You will ask your parents’ permission if you could go out with them to
watch movies.
d. You will decline the offer and go home directly after school.

2. Your grandmother asked you to withdraw her pension in the ATM. After getting
the cash, you saw those fashionable denim pants your friends wore which you
have also been dying to have and it is on 70% discounted sale. Knowing your
grandmother has sufficient savings in the bank, now is your chance to own those
attractive denim pants. What decision are you going to make?

a. You will not give the transaction receipt to your grandmother and
explain that the machine ran out of transaction slips and then give her
what remains of the cash.
b. You will ask money from your grandmother and buy those
fashionable denim pants you have been dying to have.
c. You will buy those fashionable denim pants using your grandmother’s
pension and ask money from your parents to refurbish the withdrawn
cash.
d. You will not buy those fashionable denim pants you have been dying
to have and give the full cash to your grandmother together with the
transaction receipts.

3. Your classmate borrowed the money which is supposed to pay your dressmaker
for your new uniform with the promise to return it the next day. But more than
one week has passed, still your classmate did not pay you and worse ignored
13
 your pleas. She seems to have no plans of returning the money back. What are
you going to do?

a. You will take the matter to your own hands and create a scene that
will embarrass her in front of the class.
b. You will report this matter to your adviser so that she will promise to
pay you her due.
c. You will go to their house and tell her parents that she owed you
money to pay for your new uniform.
d. You will just ignore and forget about this matter and promise yourself
that she can never borrow money from you again.

4. You caught your little brother secretly taking money from your mother’s wallet
twice. You asked him the reason. He explained that the money he took is to buy
materials for their class project. What are you going to do?

a. You will report this incident to your mother and let your brother
explain his act to her himself.
b. You will not believe your brother’s story and punish him yourself
immediately.
c. You will announce to all your family members what your brother did
so that everyone will have the chance to judge him off his act.
d. You will give him last chance by not telling anyone especially your
mother of what he did if he will return the money back and promise to
not doing it again.

5. You saw a classmate sleeping during your English subject. You are aware that
he works in a cafeteria in the evening and he looks really exhausted and in a
deep sleep. But you are also concerned that he should also participate actively
during class activities. What are you going to do then?

a. You will make a loud noise just to wake him up and tell him the class
is almost done.
b. You will report to the teacher that he is always sleeping during her
class.
c. You will ignore him sleeping and give him your notes so that he can
just study it when he is already wide awake and ready to learn.
d. You will lead the class in carrying him until he will wake up, it will be

fun.

14
REFERENCES
​

Abella, Roberto D. M.Div., D.Min. “Freedom of the Human Person” In

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon City: C&E
Publishing Inc.2016

Browning, Geil, 2009 lifted from

https://www.holstee.com/blogs/mindful-matter/self- reflection-101

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Chang, Ruth, 2014 lifted from ​https://www.ted.com/talks/

Lucas, Peter, 2020 Self-determination lifted from

https://theconversation.com/to-what-extent-are-you-truly-free-71188

Sioco, Maria Paula G.D. and Vinzon I.H. “Limitations and Transcendence” In
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person​.Gregorio Araneta Avenue,
Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc. 2016

https://positivepsychology.com/introspection-self-reflection/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/freedom

http://www.open.ac.uk/choose/unison/develop/my-skills/self-reflection

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