МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

ЧЕРКАСЬКИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ

МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИ
ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ ТЕМИ «CRIMINAL JUSTICE»
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ЛІНГВІСТИЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Затверджено
на засіданні кафедри
прикладної лінгвістики,
протокол № 10 від 5.05.2010 р.,
та Методичною радою ЧДТУ,
протокол №… від ……2010 р.

ЧЕРКАСИ, ЧДТУ, 2010

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Укладачі: Лісун Ольга Василівна,

Совєтна Альона Вікторівна

Рецензент Гречуха Л. О., к.ф.н., доцент

Методичні вказівки до вивчення теми «CRIMINAL JUSTICE» для студентів

лінгвістичних спеціальностей / Укл. О.В. Лісун, А.В.Совєтна. – Черкаси:
ЧДТУ, 2010. – 43 с.

Методичні вказівки орієнтовані на розвиток і вдосконалення навичок

англійського усного мовлення. Видання призначене для абітурієнтів, студентів та
викладачів філологічних факультетів у вищих навчальних закладах, і може
використовуватися як для самостійної роботи, так і для роботи під керівництвом
викладача.
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ВСТУП

Методичні вказівки орієнтовані на розвиток і вдосконалення навичок англійського

усного мовлення. Видання призначене для абітурієнтів, студентів та викладачів
філологічних факультетів у вищих навчальних закладах, і може використовуватися як для
самостійної роботи, так і для роботи під керівництвом викладача. Методичні вказівки
передбачають систематизоване вивчення матеріалу з теми «CRIMINAL JUSTICE» ".
Мета розробки – забезпечити практичне оволодіння студентами лексичними та
мовленнєвими моделями, необхідними для вільного спілкування англійською мовою.
Матеріал цього видання сприятиме оволодінню студентами навичками та вмінням читання,
мовлення та письма по темі «CRIMINAL JUSTICE».
Посібник складається з 2 частин. Кожна частина містить тематичні тексти, що
включають необхідний лексичний матеріал, який потрібен для засвоєння теми, також
безпосередньо подається вокабуляр (слова, словосполучення, фрази, вирази) необхідні для
адекватного розуміння текстів. Кожна частина завершується різноманітними вправами для
закріплення:
 лексичні вправи спрямовані на детальне відпрацювання матеріалу текстів, для
тренування певних структур і моделей, а також для тренування окремих мовних
одиниць;
 мовленнєві та творчі вправи нададуть можливість студентам використовувати
засвоєний лексичний матеріал у різних ситуаціях.
Рекомендується такий порядок роботи над темами:
1. вивчення лексики до теми;
2. читання і переклад текстів і діалогів;
3. переказ текстів і розігрування діалогів;
4. побудова запитань до текстів і діалогів;
5. виконання вправ, наведених у кінці кожної частини.
Для закріплення теми можна запропонувати написання переказів і творів, а також
складання власних діалогів, використовуючи вокабуляр кожної частини.
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UNIT 1
Crimes and criminals
1.Work in pairs. Read the comment below and then discuss how far you agree or disagree with
it. Explain why.
“Crime doesn’t pay because you always get caught in the end”.

2. Answer the following questions, justify your point of view.

1 Is it a crime to try and kill yourself?
2 Is it illegal to help somebody to commit suicide?
3 Can you be executed for murdering a policeman?
4 If, after a murder, all the victim's relatives plead: 'Please don't prosecute!' can charges against
the suspected culprit be dropped?
5 If two armed thieves break into a house, guns in hand, and one of them shoots and kills the
house-owner, is his accomplice guilty of murder?
6 If I surprise an intruder in my lounge at night stealing my millions, have I a legal right to assault
him with a weapon?
7 If I set a trap - a fifty-kilo weight just above the front door - for any burglars who might try and
enter the house, am I breaking the law?
8 After a divorce or legal separation, can a wife be required to pay alimony to her ex-husband?

3. Study the vocabulary, look up unknown words in the dictionary.

-Lawbreaker, offender, delinquent, violator, criminal
-Thief - Robber, mugger -Briber -Bigamist
-Pickpocket -Hijacker -Killer, murderer -Arsonist, incendiary
-Pilferer -Housebreaker -Assassin -Deserter
-Shoplifter -Blackmailer -Spy -Embezzler
-Burglar, cracksman -Kidnapper, abductor -Vandal, barbarian -Hooligan
-Fraud, con man, swindler -Smuggler -Forger -Rapist
-Poacher -Thug -Terrorist
-Racketeer -Rustler (AmE) -Souteneur, ponce, pimp, procurer

VOCABULARY ACTIVITIES

4. Match the criminals with the definition.

1. an arsonist a) tries to enforce his political demands by carrying out or threatening acts of violence
2. an assassin b) pretends or claims to be what he is not
3. a deserter c) makes money by dishonest business methods, e.g. by selling worthless goods
4. an embezzler d) steals from his own company
5. a forger e) attacks and robs people especially in public places
 5

6. a fraud or con man f) sets fire to property

7. a hooligan g) kills for political reasons or reward
8. a mugger h) brings goods into one country from another illegally
9. a poacher i) hunts illegally on somebody else's land
10. a racketeer j) makes false money or documents
11. a smuggler k) a soldier who leaves the armed forces without permission
12. a terrorist 1) causes damage or disturbance in public places

5. By moving vertically or horizontally (forwards or backwards) find twelve kinds of criminals.

D F G S P Y V K J D H Y S I E K L M S N B
MN B H I J A C K E R M N H Y S H D L K J
N G V O G H N A W E R T Y U I O P L K J H
I M N P B V D X A S W E R F D F G G H J F
S J H L L O A K K I D N A P P E R S G T A
S N B I U Y L S E R T P I C K P O C K E T
A W E F S D F G H J K L M N C V B S E R H
S A W T E R R E L I A M K C A L B W A S I
S A W E E R T Y G F M U R D E R E R D F E
A A S R W E R T Y U B U R G L A R S D V F

6. Say what punishments you, as a judge, would give for the following crimes. Support your
position.
Kidnapping, taking bribes, killing a person, selling hard drugs, speeding in one’s car, stealing
money or property, breaking into smb’s house, having a gun in one’s pocket, illegally finding out a
country’s secrets, taking things illegally from one country to another.

7. Choose the correct answer.

1. This was one of the few crimes he did not. .
a) achieve b) commit c) make d) perform
2. The.......are still holding twelve people hostage on the plane.
a) vandals b) thieves c) hijackers d) kidnappers
3. The man jumped out of the window and committed.
a) death b) homicide c) murder d) suicide
4. "Thieves will be........".
a) liable b) lifted c) persecuted d) prosecuted
5. He said he would sue us, but I don't think he'll his threat.
a) achieve b) do c) carry out d) perform
6. The thieves.....the papers all over the room while they were searching for the money.
a) broadcast b) scattered c) sowed d) strayed
7. The police caught the thief......
a) in black and white b) in the red c) red-handed d) true blue
8. He offered me S500 to break my contract. That's. .
a) blackmail b) bribery c) compensation d) reward
9. The child was kidnapped by a notorious of robbers.
a) crew b) gang c) staff d) team
 6

10. The intruder was badly ……..by the guard dog in the palace garden.
a) damaged b) violated c) eaten d) bitten

8. Give the name of the defined law breaker.

1. steals ____
2. steals purses and wallets ___k______
3. gets money by threatening to disclose
personal information ____k______
4. seizes airplanes __j_____
5. takes things from a shop without paying _____i____
6. kills people __r_____
7. steals from houses or offices ___g___
8. takes people hostage for a ransom ___n_____
9. steals government secrets ___
10. wilfully destroys property _____l
11. marries illegally while being
married already ___a____
12. steals from banks ____e_
13. takes goods illegally from one country
to another to avoid paying taxes ___g____
14. shooting animals without permission
on private land p ______
15. sets buildings on fire _______t

9. Study the vocabulary, look up unknown words in the dictionary.

Felony; aggravated felony; capital offence; serious offence; misdemeanor, petty offence; consecutive
misdemeanors; miscellaneous offenses; juvenile delinquency; homicide, murder; aggravated murder;
assassination; manslaughter; attempt; assault, attack, onslaught; mug; rape; corrupt activity, bribery;
graft; extortion, blackmail; hijacking; theft, larceny; pickpocketing; shoplifting; (armed) robbery,
kidnapping, abduction; burglary; safecracking; forgery, counterfeit, falsification, fake, fabrication, sham;
fraud, swindling; credit card offences; gambling; menacing threats; intimidation, bullying, daunting,
frightening; coercion; inciting to violence; arson; treason; trespass; complicity; conflict of interests;
violation of civil rights; conspiracy; dereliction of public duty; domestic violence; wife battering; child
abuse; drug abuse; drug peddling; escape; false alarm; false imprisonment; harboring criminals;
obscenity; perjury; prostitution; patient abuse; smuggling; bigamy; embezzlement; abuse of power;
speeding; contempt of court; racketeering; jay-walking; libel, slander
 7

VOCABULARY ACTIVITIES

10. Comment on the meanings of the words written in italics.

1. John testified that the killer was probably a burglar who had entered the house through the
kitchen. 2. The man was found guilty of murder. 3. Brian was released from prison after serving five
years for a mail fraud. 4. The robber aimed a gun at the man and demanded money. 5. Davidson had
a hidden drug problem. 6. The woman was arrested at once and charged with assault. 7. At first
police suspected that Mafia hitmen were responsible for the awful slaughter. 8. Blackmail investi-
gators were at first unwilling to suspect the boys. 9. There was no evidence of burglary at their heav-
ily fortified mansion that had the latest in high-tech security alarms. 10. The boy confessed to the
forgery in private. 11. Somebody hijacked their car just as they were leaving the building. 12. The
gunman robbed them of jewellery and cash, then he opened fire. 13. The man was charged with
robbing a shop at gunpoint. 14. The boy had gone on the run from a drug charge. 15. Most of the
money the boys got they used to buy drugs. 16. Tompson had a juvenile record including drug
possession and burgling his grandma's home. 17. Craig was arrested for armed robbery and
stealing an automobile. 18. The police accused the man of smuggling.

11. A. Say which of the crimes and offences could involve the following:
stealing things from shop thievery (thieving)
taking a person away illegally heroin using
stealing money from a bank taking bribes
taking money from somebody's pocket finding out state secrets
killing someone attacking someone violently
taking control of a plane illegally contraband
threatening some person using alcohol
deceiving some person making illegal copies

B. Say which of the crimes and offences given below you find very serious /less serious. Why?
drug abuse embezzlement robbery smuggling hijacking
bribery murder kidnapping swindle burglary
blackmail fraud shoplifting espionage perjury

C. Say which of the following crimes can be called white-collar crimes. Why?
bribery and corruption hijacking forgery
armed robbery tax fraud embezzlement
smuggling kidnapping shoplifting
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12. Say what detective film you have seen (what detective book you have read) recently /
what sort of crime /offence is described in it/if the crime may be called unspeakable /
horrible /cruel /hideous / brutal /grisly / violent /petty ... /how the criminal(s) has
(have) been portrayed in the film (in the book) /if the criminal(s) has (have) been punished or
not.

13. A. Cut 5-6 short articles out of an English /American / Ukrainian newspaper which deal with
some crime and offences. Take the clippings (cuttings) to the University.

B. Work in pairs. Sort out the articles according to the topic they can be related to: “homicide”,
“drug abuse”, “theft”, “bribery and corruption” etc.

C. Say what crimes are becoming more common and why.

14. Work in pairs. What kind of offences can you name? Write a list of them and add the entries
suggested by the other students in your class. Then read the text below and match the names of
the crimes in the text with their descriptions below.
The most serious crimes are felonies, which carry a potential penalty of
imprisonment for more than one year in a penal institution and fines. A
capital offence is a felony for which death is a potential penalty.
Misdemeanors carry the maximum potential penalty of imprisonment for
maximum a year, or a fine, or both. Imprisonment for misdemeanor is in a
local facility, a county jail, or municipal workhouse or jail. Imprisonment for
a felony may be served in an approved local facility and imprisonment for
consecutive misdemeanors - in a state penal institution. There are nine
degrees of felony, the most serious one is aggravated murder. Then goes murder, followed by
aggravated felonies of the 1st, 2d, and 3d degrees, and felonies of the first, second, third, and fourth
degrees. Misdemeanors are divided into misdemeanors of the 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th degrees, and minor
misdemeanors. The list of some of serious offences proscribed by law includes: homicide, assault,
menacing threats; kidnapping, abduction, false imprisonment, extortion, coercion; patient abuse;
rape, prostitution, obscenity, arson; robbery, burglary, safecracking, trespass; theft, credit card
offenses, forgery, fraud; gambling; inciting to violence; false alarms; domestic violence; bribery,
perjury, resisting arrest, harboring criminals, escape, graft, conflict of interest, dereliction of
public duty, violation of civil rights; conspiracy, attempt, complicity; weapons and explosives
control; racketeering, corrupt activity; drug abuse; miscellaneous offenses.

1. taking a person by force and demanding money for his/her return

2. illegal copying of documents, paintings, or paper money

 9

3. taking a person by force without demanding money for his/her return

4. illegally giving money or a gift to persuade an official to do something

5. stealing
6. secret illegal planning
7. sexual attack

8. pushing to unrest

9. risking money on the result of a card game etc.

10. earning money by having sex with people

11. opposing being taken into custody by the police

12. making a person do something by force
13. putting a person to jail illegally
14. bad treatment of sick people
15. blackmail
16. illegal arms possession
17. going onto one's land without his/her permission
18. narcotics misuse
19. physical attack
20. murder
21. intimidation
22. fake warning of danger
23. lying under oath
24. trying to kill someone
25. brutality in the family
26. using sexually offensive words or actions
27. stealing from a bank, shop etc by using violence
28. failure to do what one should do as part of his job
29. illegal opening of special locks with valuables

30. getting into a building to steal things

31. illegal getting away from a prison etc.

32. dishonesty and fraud of public officials

33. denying people what they are entitled to

34. manipulations with credit cards

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35. hiding criminal offenders

36. deliberately setting fire, especially to a building
37. deceiving people to get their money or goods
38. getting money or advantage by the dishonest use of influence or power
39. intimidating business people to get money from them
40. involvement in a crime, together with others
41. not doing a job fairly as it'll have a negative impact on your business etc.

15. Put each of the following words and phrases into its correct place in the passage below.
Bigamy civil classes community
countries crimes criminal law felony
fine forgery laws life imprisonment
misdemeanor offences penalty person
prison state term treason

Crime
Crime violates the laws of a community, ….. or nation. It is punishable in accordance with
these ….. . The definition of crime varies according to time and place, but the laws of most …..
consider as crimes such ….. as arson, ….. , burglary, ….., murder, and ….. .
Not all offences against the law are ….. . The laws that set down the punishments for crimes
form the ….. . This law defines as crimes those offences considered most harmful to the ….. . On
the other hand, a ….. may wrong someone else in some other way that offends the ….. law.
The common law recognizes three ….. of crime: treason, ….., and misdemeanor. Death or
….. is the usual ….. for treason. Laws in the United States, for example, define a felony as a crime
that is punishable by a ….. of one year or more in a state or federal ….. . A person who commits a
….may be punished by a ….. or a jail term of less than one year.
16. A. Study the table

crime meaning verb criminal

discrimination unfair treatment on grounds of sex, race or discriminate

nationality (against)
embezzlement stealing money that is in your care or belongs to an embezzle embezzler
organisation that you work for
harassment making a person feel anxious and unhappy harass
(sometimes for sexual reasons, sometimes to
get, say, a debt repaid)
insider illegal buying and selling of shares by someone do/practise insider
trading/dealing who has specialist knowledge of a company insider dealing/ trader/dealer
trading

joyriding driving around for enjoyment in a car you have joyride joyrider
stolen

money moving money obtained illegally so that its launder money money
laundering origin cannot be traced launderer
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perjury lying when under oath commit perjury perjurer

trespass go onto someone else's land without permission trespass trespasser

B. Which of the crimes might each of these people be charged with?

1. A camper who spent a night on a farmer's land without asking permission.
2. A businessman who diverted funds from the account of the company he worked for into his own
personal account.
3. Two boys who hot-wired a car and drove it around town before abandoning it.
[to hot-wire means to start without using a key]
4. A witness who gave false evidence in court.

17. Business tycoon, George Henderson, aged 45, was found murdered last night in the library
of his mansion. Police detectives are questioning the four suspects. Working in pairs, read the
information about the victim and the suspects and decide who the murderer could be.
George Henderson (the victim)

The multi-millionaire had been stabbed in the back at about 10 pm. No murder weapon was found.
The victim had been watching a documentary on TV Channel 3 when he was killed. His supper
tray was found on a table in the library; the food had not been touched!

Roy Smith (the butler)

The butler's mother is very ill, but his salary is too low to pay for the surgery she needs, even
though he had been working for Henderson for twenty years. He was considered by all to be a loyal
employee. He claims that at the time of the murder, he was watching a documentary on TV
Channel 3.

Charies Henderson (the nephew)

George Henderson's nephew, Charles, had been warned by his uncle to change his "wild ways" or
he would be cut out of the will. He had no keys to the mansion. He was secretly seeing Henderson's
housemaid, Claudine. He says he was at home alone watching a sports programme on TV Channel
3 between 9 and 11 pm.

Claudine Dupont (the maid)

George Henderson's maid for the past two years, Claudine, was believed to be a reliable employee.
She says she was washing Henderson's supper dishes in the mansion's kitchen at the time of the
murder.

Charlotte Hendeson (the wife)

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Henderson and his wife Charlotte had been separated for seven months. She was not living in the
mansion at the time of the murder, although she still had a key! The divorce was not yet final when
the murder occurred. Charlotte believed she'd probably be awarded very little money in the divorce
case. She says she was at the home of Henderson's lawyer when the murder occurred.

18. WORK WITH IDIOMS. A. Read the newspaper articles below and discuss them with your
partner. Then try to work out the meaning of the multi-word verbs in italics.

THE STRAIGHT AND NARROW

The literary world was taken aback yesterday when the famous author, Arnold Swift, was found
guilty of stealing copies of his latest novel from a bookshop. The magistrate said that he would let
him off lightly with a £50 fine, but warned him that any further offences would result in a more
serious punishment. The novel is called “Keeping to the straight and narrow”.

BOMB BLAST
A bomb went off in a central car park in the early hours of yesterday morning. Police sealed off
several streets and carried out a detailed search of the area. It appears the bomb was intended for a
busy shopping centre nearby.

HARDENED CRIMINALS
Two men who escaped from prison by hiding inside a cement mixer were recaptured last night
when they gave themselves up to the police. It seems that the two men, who were described as
hardened criminals, had been unable to get very far because of the quick-drying cement that had
stuck to their feet. The prison authorities have said they would set up a committee to look into
security at the prison.

BREAKDOWN IN LAW AND ORDER

A police spokesman said yesterday that law and order is breaking down in some inner-city areas.
He was speaking after a night in which two riots had broken out and several serious crimes had
been reported. “At present, too many people think they can commit a crime and get away with it,”
he said.
 13

CAUGHT RED-HANDED
Yesterday, Gregory Brush, 24, was convicted of the attempted robbery of a paint factory in Leeds.
It was reported that he fell into a large drum of red paint while trying to escape with the money. He
was rescued by a night watchman and gave himself up when police arrived to arrest him. He
owned up to the crime and pleaded guilty at his trial.

B. Match the multi-word verbs with their definitions.

1. to give oneself up a. to prevent people getting in or out of an area

or building by closing all the entrances
2. to own up (to doing something) b. to surprise or shock someone with something

contrary to expectation
3. to take someone aback c. to explode, detonate, or ignite, to make a

sudden loud noise

4. to let someone off (with something) d. to begin suddenly, usually in an unpleasant
and violent way
5. to set something up e. to admit or confess to a crime or to doing
something wrong
6. to carry something out f. to fail, cease or collapse because of a problem
or disagreement
7. to go off g. to establish something, to make the
arrangements and preparation for something to
start
8. to seal something off h. to punish someone lightly or not at all
9. to break down i. to allow oneself to be arrested or captured
10. to break out j. to perform or conduct something

C. Read the newspaper extracts below. Substitute, where appropriate, the multi-word verbs
mentioned above.
1. A recent survey, conducted by a national newspaper, shows that the traditional two-parent
family is collapsing and is gradually being replaced by single-parent families.
2. Bank robbers who managed to hide themselves in a time-lock safe in an attempt to steal £3
million, found they were unable to escape when their explosives failed to detonate. They did not
resist arrest when security guards opened the safe two days later.
 14

3. A woman whose 6-year-old daughter was killed by a drunk driver has complained that the judge
only gave the man a six-month suspended sentence and a £250 fine. The Home Secretary has said he
would be establishing a committee to look into the sentencing guidelines for such cases.

4. Shortly after the match, fighting suddenly began among the supporters of two rival football teams.
The police stopped people entering or leaving the town centre in an attempt the violence.

5. Jayne Wilson confessed to stealing £15,000 from the company where she worked, when she was
caught red-handed by a security camera which recorded her placing the money in her briefcase. “I
was shocked and surprised when I saw the recording,” said the managing director. “I thought she
was someone we could trust completely.”

D. Which of the words can be used with the multi-word verbs? Up to three items may be correct.

1. The judge let him off with a.a warning.

b. a suspended sentence.
c. the death penalty.
d. a two-year prison sentence.

2. They have set up a. a business.

b. a birthday party.
c. an inquiry.
d. a research team.

3. They have carried out a. an experiment.

b. a committee.
c. an inquiry.
d. a test.

4. a. The alarm clock went off.

b. The fireworks
c. The gun
d. The telephone
 15

5. a. A new film has broken out.

b. A flu epidemic
c. A fire
d. An argument

6. a. Peace talks have broken down.

b. The holidays
c. Negotiations
d. Community relations

E. Work with a partner. Discuss the following questions, using the multiword verbs from the box
below.

let off give oneself up own up to break down break out go off take aback

1 What time does your alarm clock start ringing in the morning?
1 Your friend has been involved in a petty crime. It is probable the police will catch him. What
would you advise him to do?
2 If you discovered something surprising or shocking about someone you have known for a
long time, what would your reaction be? Give an example.
2 What can cause riots to start suddenly?
3 Which of the following people would you punish lightly or not at all?
a. a poor woman caught stealing food from a supermarket
b. someone caught stealing small items from work
c. a student traveling on a bus without a ticket
d. a 13-year-old boy caught breaking into a parked car
6 Can you think of examples of people who have been punished lightly for
crimes they committed? If so, what were they?

19. Read about some people's actions and identify the type of their offence.

People s actions Offence

The man said: "I have a gun. Be quick! Be quiet
or you're dead. Put all the cash in the bag!"
The man began threatening to kill his victim
Two boys broke into a house and stole a large
sum of money.
 16

The man shot his wife in the head with .357

Magnum.
The boy hijacked a car.
The man chased his victim down the street,
grabbed her purse, and fled into the night.

The woman gave a witness some money to per-

suade her to testify for the accused.
The man sold illegal drugs.
The woman illegally copied her boss's signature.
The youth deceived an old lady to get her money.

20. A. You are going to read a magazine article about burglar-friendly houses. Choose from the
list A-I the sentence which best summarizes each paragraph of the article. There is one extra
sentence which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A Houses which are very private are less safe.
B Make your possessions easy to identify.
C The first time you have your house broken into probably won't be the last.
D Burglars look at our houses differently to the way we do.
E Draw attention to your home to make it burglar-friendly.
F Burglars are attracted by signs of absence.
G Large homes suggest large bank accounts.
H Lock up and turn the lights on.
I Don't let the outside show what's inside.

DO YOU LIVE IN A BURGLAR-FRIENDLY HOUSE?

It's the last thing you want to hear when you've just been burgled, but the awful truth is that
if you've been burgled once, you'll probably be burgled again. In fact, it's likely to happen another
four or five times. Why? Because some of us have "burglar-friendly" houses.
Burglars think that the bigger the house, the richer the owners. "You can't do much about the
size of your house," says Professor Pease of Huddersfield University, "but if it's large, you need to be
even more careful than if it's small."
You should take a good look at your house - not as you normally do, but as a burglar would.
If you were a burglar, which home would you choose to rob, - a house with a shiny new car parked
 17

outside or one with a rusty vehicle? Anything which signals nice possessions and money will
certainly catch the burglar's eye.
People may complain about their nosy neighbours, but there's no better way of stopping
burglars than having watchful neighbours around. If a house is far away from others, or hidden from
the road, it is more attractive to burglars, who think they can get in and out without being noticed.
So a burglar alarm is a good idea. And remember, you may get privacy from a tall hedge or a high
wall - but so does a burglar.
Ian Stephen, who works with the Scottish prison service, believes that you're more at risk if
your house looks nice. "Window-boxes, nice curtains and beautifully painted walls all tell the burglar
that you're proud of your home and care about your possessions and are more likely to have nice
things in your house," he says. He advises people to try to make their homes look as plain as possible
and not to draw attention to any new things they have bought by leaving the empty boxes next to
the dustbin.
People often leave a light on when they go out. "But be sensible," advises Ian Stephen. "Don't
leave a light on in the hall as it never makes the burglars believe that you're in. Have you ever heard
of a family enjoying an evening at home in the hall? Leave it on in the living room." An open
window is also an open invitation to burglars. If you sometimes forget to shut and lock doors and
windows, stick a note on the inside of the front door to remind you. And make sure any ladders are
put away and not left outside where burglars can use them.
By leaving newspapers and letters sticking out of the letter-box, or full milk bottles on the
doorstep, you are giving burglars the green light to break into your home. Similarly, if you're away
from the house at regular times - out at work or doing the shopping - then your home is also in
danger of being burgled. Ask a neighbour to keep an eye on your house at these times.
It's a good idea to take photos of your valuable possessions. By doing that, if you're burgled,
you'll be able to identify stolen property, which could lead to the thief being put behind bars. It is
also possible to label valuable items such as TVs and videos with your postcode. If they are stolen,
this will make them easier to find. One more good idea is to ask for a crime prevention officer to
visit your home and identify weak points in its security.

B. Look at the article’s words in bold and try to explain them.

C. Fill in the correct word from the list below:

-identify -watchful -sensible -plain

-possessions -valuable -label

-complained -advised -nosy

 18

1. John lost all of his ….. when arsonists set fire to his house. (belongings)
2. A lot of …… paintings were burnt in the fire at the museum. (expensive)
3. After thieves took Tim's Porsche, he decided to buy a(n) …... car which was less likely to
be stolen. (simple)
4. As the policeman grabbed the thief, ….. passers-by stopped to watch. (extremely curious)
5. It was easy for me to ….. my stolen video recorder as I had written my postcode on the bottom of
it. (recognise)
6. The man's lawyer ….. him not to talk to the newspaper reporters. (recommended)
7. After my house was burgled, I decided to ….. all my expensive possessions in case it happened
again. (put an identifying mark on)
8. It's not ..... to leave your house unlocked while you are out. (reasonable)
9. The ….. store detective caught the shoplifter trying to steal a blouse. (observant)
10. The people of the town ….. to the Mayor about the high crime rate in the area. (stated their
dissatisfaction)

21. Match the headlines with the crimes:

kidnapping hijacking assassination
arson mugging burglary
1. BOY SNATCHED FROM MUM IN PARK

2. “REMOVERS” EMPTY THREE HOUSES

3. PENSIONER ATTACKED IN TOWN CENYRE FOR £5

4. FACTORY FIRE “NO ACCIDENT”

5. PRESIDENT KILLED BY SINGLE BULLET

6. GUNMAN FORCES PILOT TO LAND IN DESERT

22. Underline the correct item.

1 If you don't want someone to burgle/steal your house, you should keep the doors and windows
 19

locked.
2 He keeps his bicycle securely chained so that no one will steal/rob it.
3 Two men attempted to burgle/rob the local bank, but the police arrived before they got away.
4 Instead of fining the man, the judge sent him to prison because he was a repeat
offender/convict.
5 That terrorist is one of the world's most wanted criminals/suspects.
6 The offender/suspect was set free because there was no evidence to prove that he was guilty.
7 The suspect/convict had been in prison for twenty years when he died.

23.Translate the following texts from Ukrainian into English.

I. Правопорушення діляться на кримінальні злочини, що тягнуть за собою можливе

покарання на термін не менше 1 року ув'язнення у виправному закладі штату та на
місдимінори, за які передбачено не більше 1 року ув'язнення у місцевому виправному
закладі, окружній в'язниці або у муніципальній виправно-трудовій колонії. Тяжкими
злочинами є фелонії, за які може виноситися смертний вирок. Види правопорушень,
передбачених законом, включають, поміж інших, вбивство, шантаж, крадіжки, погрози
фізичним насильством, примус, викрадення людей з метою одержання викупу, підпал;
шахрайство, лжесвідчення, змови, співучасть у злочині, підкуп, підробки документів тощо,
замах на вбивство, підмовляння до насильницьких дій, злочинну експлуатацію азартних
ігор, залякування з погрозами, розбій, порушення меж власності, непристойну поведінку,
крадіжки зі зламом та інші.

II. Мешканець багатоповерхового будинку затримав крадія, що вдерся до його оселі. Злодій
дзвонив у двері, аби перевірити, чи нікого немає вдома, а потім заліз до квартири,
розташованої на першому поверсі, через вікно. Господар повернувся додому, коли крадій
пакував його речі. Чоловік не розгубився й, непомітно підкравшись до зловмисника, вдарив
його по голові так, що той знепритомнів. Потім він зв'язав його і викликав поліцію.
З’ясувалося, що злочинець вже відбував покарання за крадіжки. Порушено кримінальну
справу. Триває перевірка на причетність його до скоєння аналогічних злочинів.
Розкрито два злочини, пов'язані з викраданням автомобілів. У першому випадку біля
одного з заміських будинків виявили "Мерседес-Бенц". Затримали й двох молодих людей,
котрі переховували цю машину.
В іншому випадку невідомий вкрав автомобіль "Фольксваген". Повідомлення про його
зникнення вчасно отримала поліція. Негайно перекрили всі виїзди з міста. Невдовзі поліція
помітила цей автомобіль. Його зупинили, а водія затримали. Ведеться слідство.
 20

Правоохоронні органи вживають додаткові заходи щодо запобігання незаконному

переміщенню товарів через кордон. Було вилучено багато контрабандних товарів. Стосовно
деяких підприємців порушено карну справу.
Протягом доби поліція зафіксувала 10 пограбувань, 16 випадків хуліганства, 50 крадіжок
особистого майна, 18 злочинів, пов'язаних з наркотиками, та 10 економічних злочинів.
Вбивств, розбійних нападів, випадків хабарництва протягом доби не зафіксовано.
Сталося чотири дорожньо-транспортних пригоди, в яких сім осіб було травмовано. Одна
особа загинула.
На місці скоєння злочину затримано 17-річного хлопця, який відібрав у жінки сумку з
грошима та особисті речі.
 21

UNIT 2
Courts. Legal Procedure
Study the following:

Attorney = counsellor a lawyer who speaks in court Mr Clark is a prominent

(AmE) attorney.
Barrister a lawyer who speaks in the Mrs Green wants to become a
higher law courts (BrE) barrister.

Defendant the person who has been The defendant was obviously
accused of a crime guilty.
(Circumstantial / decisive / some information given in a There was no real evidence
documentary / irrefutable, etc) court of law to prove some- against the criminal.
evidence (of/for) thing
Give evidence The girl gave evidence for the
defence in this case.
Jury a group of 12 people in a court The jury found the defendant
of law who listen to the facts guilty.
about a crime and decide
whether the person accused is
guilty or not

to charge someone with a They indicted the man for

Indict smb (for) smth criminal offence fraud.
The man is under indictment
Indictment for fraud.
Lawsuit a charge or complaint against They wanted to bring / file a
File a lawsuit someone that is made in a court lawsuit against the company.
of law by a person / company
Prosecute (smb for smth) to accuse someone of a crime The murderer will be prosecuted.
Bring a prosecution against to bring a charge against some- They brought a prosecution
smb one for a crime against two drug dealers.
Prosecutor a lawyer who proves that the The chief prosecutor asked for
person who is on trial is guilty the maximum sentence.

Solicitor a lawyer who works mainly John works for a firm of solici-
from an office but sometimes tors.
appear in the less important We decided to put the matter
courts into the hands of a solicitor.

Summon smb to smth to order someone to come to a Mr Thomson was summoned to

court of law appear in court.
Summons an order to appear in a court of They served a summons on Mr
law Thomson.
Serve a summons on smb to order someone to appear in a He was summonsed to appear
Summons court of law as a witness.
 22

Testimony a formal statement, such as the Your testimony is very important

one a witness makes in a court in this prosecution's case.
of law
Testify (that / against /for) to make a formal statement in a The witness testified that she
court of law saw the defendant at the scene of
the crime.
She testified against the defendant
He testified for the accused.
(Chief/ direct /false, etc) wit- a person who sees some event The witness was called to tell
ness (for the prosecution /for and is able to tell other peoplethe jury what he had seen.
the defence); what happened (in a court of Several people witnessed the
Witness (v) law) accident.
Warrant permission from a court of law A warrant was issued for Ben's
(Issue a warrant for smb's allowing the police to take a arrest.
arrest) particular action
Search warrant permission to go into
someone’s house to look for
something
(Return /give) a verdict a decision made by a jury in a The jury gave the right verdict
(Reach) a verdict court of law about whether
someone is guilty or not guilty
of a crime
(Heavy, light) sentence long / short time in prison Ted is serving a life sentence for
Life sentence very long time in prison murder.
Death sentence (penalty) punishment by death Bill will face a sentence of five
Serve a sentence spend time in prison as a pun- years in prison.
ishment

Pass / pronounce a sentence to state what a punishment will The judge sentenced him to four
be years' imprisonment.
Sentence (to) to give somebody a punishment

money that one has to pay as a

(Parking) fine He paid a parking fine.
punishment
He paid a heavy fine for driving
Impose a fine drunk.

The criminal was sentenced to a

(Life) imprisonment
Bail
Release smb on bail
the state of being in prison
long term of imprisonment.
to let someone out of prison
They released the accused on
when bail is paid (money left
bail.
with a court of law to prove
that a prisoner will return when
his/her trial starts)
 23

(Give smb)community service a punishment in which the They gave the youth community
criminal has to do useful work service.
to help people

(Make smb) pay compensation to make one pay somebody Many people think that criminals
money because one has harmed should pay their victims
or hurt him/her in some way compensation.

Ban smb from doing smth / to to say that something must not Ted was banned from driving.
be banned from doing sth be done

Endorse smb s licence (BrE) to write a driving offence on Tom's licence was endorsed for
smb's driving licence speeding.

(On) parole permission for someone to

The criminal was released on
leave prison, on the condition
parole after serving three years.
that he/she promises to behave
well
To parole to allow someone to leave
prison but visit a parole officer
at the police station regularly

(Put smb on) probation
Probationer
Probation officer
a system that allows some The woman was put on proba-
criminals not to go to prison tion after several months in
but see a probation officer prison.
someone who has been put on
probation
an officer who guides offenders Tom Brown is a probation
put on probation by the court officer.

Dismiss a court case to stop a court case before a They dismissed the case
result is achieved because of lack of evidence.

VOCABULARY ACTIVITIES
1. Answer the following questions:

1. What special qualities should a person have to become a successful defence lawyer / an
experienced solicitor / a wise judge / a strict and fair prosecutor?
1. What's the difference between circumstantial and decisive evidence?
2. Who can be summoned to appear in court?
3. What is the role of a witness in a court of law?
 24

5. Can a jury make a decision about how a guilty person should be punished?

2. Comment on the meanings of the words written in italics.

1. Helen's attorney suggested her neighbour had killed her husband. 2. A witness, Mrs
Black, clinched the jury's verdict. 3. Carol Wesson, called by the defence, exercised her legal right
to refuse to answer questions that might incriminate her. 4. The criminal was found guilty. 5. The
victim's sister said, "We finally got the justice due to us." 6. The circumstantial evidence was
mounting up against the man. 7. The man was sentenced to ten years behind bars, but from the
dock he continued to protest his innocence. 8. The woman stood by her testimony. 9. Two
psychologists and a psychiatrist testified for the defence. 10. The man was found guilty and
sentenced to life in prison, without a chance of parole. 11. Jack Dobson was still on parole after
spending ten years in jail for hijacking. 12. They do not have the death penalty in New York
State, so the man will stay in jail for the rest of his life. 13. The prosecutor proved that the young
woman took an active part in the killing. 14. Mr James went to the homicide division and
begged detectives to investigate the case. 15. The jury decided that there was insufficient
evidence to find the man guilty of embezzlement. 16. Mrs Smith agreed to testify on behalf of the
prosecution at Ted's pre-sentence hearing. 17. While the suspect was still at the police station,
police went to his home armed with a search warrant. 18. Ted was let out on bail while the
police investigated. 19. Jackson appealed against the jury's verdict.

3. Comment on the duties of the following people:

A defence lawyer
A prosecutor
A solicitor
A judge
A jury
A witness
A barrister

Prompts: to defend a person who has been accused of something; to argue in a court of law
that the charges are not true; to support a person; to speak in the higher courts of law on behalf of
either the defence or the prosecution; to prove in a trial that the person who is on trial is guilty; to
appear in a court of law to tell what he/she knows about some crime; to give legal advice to
clients and prepare legal documents and cases; to make decisions about how the law should be
 25

applied to people, how a person who has been found guilty of a crime should be punished; to listen
to the facts about a crime and to decide whether the person accused is guilty or not.

4. Match each punishment with its description.

1. capital punishment a) a period of time in jail
2. corporal punishment b) being made to do specially hard work while in prison
3. eviction c) death
4. a heavy fine d) a punishment imposed only if you commit a further crime
5. internment e) a large sum of money to pay
6. penal servitude f) whipping or beating
7. a prison sentence g) regular meetings with a social worker
8. probation h) removing (a person) from a house or land by law
9. solitary confinement i) limiting the freedom of movement especially for political reasons
10. suspended sentence j) being imprisoned completely alone

5. Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is
substituted for the capitalized word.

1. A smiling face often disguises the mind and heart of a VILLAIN.

a) a foolish man

b) a lying man
c) an unhappy man
d) a wicked man

2. At first the accident seemed to be TRIVIAL.

a) critical
b) momentous
c) significant
d) unimportant

3. There was no TRACE of poison in the coffee the chemist analyzed.

a) colour
b) indication
c) smell
d) taste
4. The FROWN on the judge's face showed that he was displeased.
a) look of anger
 26

b) look of delight
c) look of fear
d) look of surprise

5. The night was so FOGGY that the murderer was easily able to escape his pursuers.
a) messy
b) mild
c) misty
d) moist

6. The driver tried to AVERT the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop.
a) cause
b) control
c) minimize
d) prevent

7. The indecisive man was READILY persuaded to change his mind again.
a) abruptly
b) easily
c) hardly
d) subtly

8. The officer COMPELLED the prisoner to do exactly as he wished.

a) allowed
b) beseeched
c) forced
d) hired

9. The criminal INSINUATED that he had been roughly treated by the arresting officer.
a) argued convincingly
b) denied positively
c) stated flatly
d) suggested indirectly

10. The boy felt DISGRACED because he knew that he had been wrong to steal.
a) ashamed
b) phony
c) tempted
d) worried

11. The judge SENTENCED the convicted man.

 27

a) gave a pardon to
b) gave high praise to
c) passed judgement upon
d) sympathized with

12. It is useless to attempt to FLEE from every danger. Some risk must be taken.
a) hide oneself
b) protect oneself
c) run away
d) stay away

6. Read the following accounts of some court cases. The sentences imposed were as follows: to
be jailed for thirty-four years; to be sentenced to twenty years in jail; to be sentenced to eighteen
years behind bars; to be sentenced to seventeen years in jail; to be sentenced to life in prison. Say
which sentence goes with which court case / if the decisions were fair or not.

A. In the mid 80s and again in the 90s Tony Felloni was one of the biggest and most ruthless heroin
dealers in Dublin's north inner city. He was unique in that he tried to control every aspect of the
business. In the morning he could be directly involved in the importation of hundreds of thousands of
pounds worth of the drug while in the evening he was personally selling 10 and 20 bags to
desperately sick junkies at the door of his parents' Corporation flat. The man operated both at the
very top and the very bottom of the Dublin heroin market and it ultimately precipitated his downfall.
At last, in 1996, the law caught up with him: he is currently serving ... years, the longest drugs
sentence ever handed down in an Irish court.

(P. Reynolds King Scum)

B. Robert Vernon Toe robbed 24 banks despite being unable to see what he was doing. He staged
his first hold-up in 1974 - just minutes after being released from prison after serving five years for
a mail fraud. Three years later in New York, Blind Bob hit again. Over the next few months, Bob
hit another seven banks - twice he robbed two on the same day. Sentenced to ... years in an
Alabama jail, he was sent back to New York in 1983 for parole. After Bob was freed from jail for a
third time he celebrated in his usual style - by robbing a bank. However, Bob's luck ran out in 1983.
He was sentenced to another ... years behind bars.

(A. Mackenzie Sunday

Bloody Sunday)
 28

C. Brenda Wiley, a young girl, killed her mother Bonnie, 40, and her brother Keith, 14. Fur-
thermore, she had planned to kill her father as well. At the trial, her lawyer claimed she was either
suffering from temporary insanity or diminished capacity when she killed. Two psychologists
testified for the defence, saying she had a "severe depressive disorder" that prevented her from
acting "knowingly or purposefully". The court heard how Brenda's problems with her parents
intensified when she fell in love with an 18-year-old boy. Brenda's boyfriend testified that four
days before the killings she rang him up begging him to help murder her parents. He said, "No
way". Brenda was found guilty and sentenced to ... in prison, without a chance of parole for 30
years.

(A. Mackenzie Sunday Bloody Sunday)

D. Giovanni Vigliotto walked 105 women down the aisle. There were weddings in 26 American
states and 15 other countries. The supercharmer claimed: "I'm in love with life, women, marriage".
But he was much more in love with money. He wined and dined them, talked them into a quickie
wedding and asked them to let him handle their money. Then he vanished.
Giovanni - police say his real name was Frederick Bertram Jipp - was jailed for ... for bigamy and
fraud.

(A. Mackenzie Sunday Bloody Sunday)

7. TRIAL. If you commit a crime you may be:

accused
arrested
charged
convicted
interrogated
paroled
sent to prison
suspected
tried
Put these actions in the correct order.

8. A. There are a number of gaps in these stories. Use the words below to complete them.
 29

B. Make up a similar story. Use some of the language you've been studying.

1.

unsolved guilty suspect lie-detector clues post-mortem file

served clean parole manhunt cops fingerprints warrant
self-defence alibi red-handed evidence handcuffs police crime

At night the Swarts' neighbours heard some shots and called the ... . When several ... arrived
Swarts were dead. It was an unspeakable . . . . Unfortunately, the detectives couldn't catch the
murderer ... . Doctors performed a ... . The police launched a massive ... for the criminal. They
questioned a lot of people. But they found no real ... that could lead them to the killer responsible.
A fingerprint on Mr Swart's rifle led the cops to his nephew, Patrick Swart. But there was
insufficient ... to find him guilty.
The investigation dragged on for years until eventually the massive file was stored with other
cases of ... murders. Then a new police chief dusted off the ... and handed it to top cop Bill Brown.
His investigation took him full circle - back to the original prime . . . . The cop checked on his ... .
He learned that it was not as airtight as he first believed. He came to the conclusion that he could
easily have done it. An investigation by Interpol showed he had extensive criminal backgrounds and
had also ... prison sentences.
Armed with a search ... , the detective and a team of officers went over P. Swart's house with
a fine-tooth comb. Soon they found the Swarts' jewellery there. Patrick had his ... taken and he was
led away in ... . Swart agreed to a ... test but failed it. Then he decided to come ... . At first Swart
claimed that he did it in ... . Then he claimed he was out of his mind at the time. Nonetheless, Swart
was found ... and sentenced to life in prison, without a chance of ... for thirty years.

2.

accused acquit civil suits counsel

court cross-examination fault guilty
judge jurors jury legal disputes
legislature list money officer
panel sentence swear testimony
trial witness

Trial by Jury
 30

A jury is a selected group of laymen that hears the ….. in ….. and decides the facts. A
courtroom trial in which a . . . . . decides the facts is called a ….. by jury.
Before each ….. term, a jury commissioner or another public ….. prepares a panel, or large
initial ….. of qualified jurors. For each trial, ….. are selected by lot from this ….. . Before the trial
begins, the jurors ….. to decide the facts fairly. They hear the ….. given by witnesses for both sides,
including ….. . Then ….. for each side sum up, or summarize the case, and the ….. explains the
applicable law in his instructions to the jury.
In ….. for financial damages, the jury must decide who is at ..... and must determine the amount
of ….. to be paid. In criminal cases, the jury must decide whether or not the …… is guilty "beyond a
reasonable doubt", and then either return a verdict of guilty, or ….. the defendant by a verdict of not
guilty. If the verdict is ….. the judge imposes the ….., or punishment, within limits that have been
fixed by the ….. .

9. Enact a role play "Trying a criminal case". You are the jury and must decide whether to acquit
the accused or sentence them to a term of imprisonment (minimum 3 months/maximum life). Or
could you think of a more appropriate punishment?

Case 1. A driver while speeding hit a cyclist off her bike. She was badly injured and confined
to a wheelchair for the rest of her life. The driver didn't stop so he's charged with hit and run.
Case 2. The accused is a doctor who gave an overdose to an 87-year-old woman. She had a
terminal illness, was in constant pain and had asked for the overdose. Her family are accusing the
doctor of murder.
Case 3. A. and B. mug Mr X., take his money and leave him for dead. B. later returns alone
and pushes the body in the river. An autopsy reveals that the man was still just alive when pushed
in the water and subsequently drowned.

10. Choose the right answer.

1. The police have not yet found a possible ….. for the murder.
a) example b) motive c) principle d) understanding

2. As the result of the police.....on the disco, ten people were arrested.
a) entry b) invasion c) raid d) storm
3. I was informed by the police constable that he would be forced to take me into ….. .
a) confinement b) custody c) detection d) guardianship

4. After the accident the policeman asked if there had been any ….. .
a) observers b) onlookers c) spectators d) witnesses
 31

5. Why don't the police take ..... measures against crime?

a) affective b) effective c) efficient d) ineffective
6. The unruly ….. was broken up by the police.
a) collection b) congregation c) group d) mob

7. The chief of police said that he saw no ….. between the four murders.
a) communication b) connection c) join d) joint

8. The police set a........to catch the thieves.

a) device b) plan c) snare d) trap

9. The police asked if I thought I could..... the man who stole my car if I looked at some photos.
a) certify b) identify c) justify d) verify

10. The inspector was a very ….. man and he rechecked the evidence several times.
a) attentive b) complete c) thorough d) thoughtful

11. Those acting for the defendant propose to appeal the sentence.

a) against b) for c) out d) to

12. Mr Tipsy was.....twenty pounds for drinking and driving.

a) charged b) fined c) ordered d) sentenced

13. The ringleader was lucky to get. a suspended sentence.

a) away b) off with c) through d) through to

14. Despite the seriousness of his crime he only received a sentence.

a) light b) little c) small d) soft

15. It is often difficult for ex-convicts to keep to the ….. and narrow.
a) deep b) long c) straight d) wide

16. The judge recommended more humane forms of punishment for juvenile ….. .
a) convicts b) delinquents c) sinners d) villains

17. The high court judge will pass a …. next week.

a) justice b) punishment c) sentence d) verdict

18. If you break the law, you will be ….. trouble.

a) for b) in c) out d) out of

19. The judge......the pedestrian for the accident.

a) accused b) blamed c) charged d) sued

20.  After considering the evidence for a few hours, the Jury came to a(n).........verdict.
a) unambiguous b) unanimous c) undivided d) united
 32

11. Go through the list of offences and decide which are major and which are minor. Then look
at the forms of punishment and decide which is appropriate for each offence. Write sentences as
in the example.
Offences

1. murder 8. stealing sweets

2. hijacking an aircraft 9. making noise late at night

3. kidnapping 10. being on a bus without a ticket

4. littering 11. violent behaviour in a football stadium

5. writing graffiti on a public building 12. toxic waste pollution

6. stealing a car 13. gang rape

7. pickpocketing 14. arson

Punishment

to be sentenced to life imprisonment, to be sent to prison, to be fined a large/small amount of

money, to be given a suspended sentence, to do community service, to be given a warning

e.g. Murder is a major offence. I think that someone who murders somebody should be sentenced
to life imprisonment.

12. Read the stories and answer the questions below.

I. A young woman, called Kitty Genovese, was walking along the streets of a middle-class
neighbourhood in New York at 3.00 am, when she was attacked. She screamed for help and managed to
escape. A few minutes later her assailant caught her again and she continued screaming for half an
hour whilst 38 neighbours watched transfixed from their windows and did nothing. They didn't even
call the police. Kitty died of multiple stab wounds.

II. In another town in America, a man went to a garage sale and bought an old tool box for $15. At
home when he opened it up, he found $5,500 hidden wider some plates at the bottom of the box. He
returned the money to the woman he'd bought the box from.
1 Which seems to be the strangest story – Kitty Genovese’s or the man returning the money?

1 What do you think? True or False?

 33

People did nothing to help Kitty because they:

(a) prefer to protect themselves rather than get involved and risk being killed.
(b) no longer have a group or tribal feeling which binds them together - we are all too individual
and we always put ourselves first.
c) convince themselves that there are already institutions in cities to deal with this kind of
problem; they don't need to intervene because the police will intervene for them.
d)  basically selfish and just don't care about other people.
The man returned the box because:
(a) he was a noble altruist.
(b) he was simply afraid he might have been caught.
3 What would you do in the following situations?
(a) You see someone suspicious hanging around outside a neighbour's door.
(b) You sea a teenager stealing some sweets from a shop. (And if it was a little old lady?)
(c)You see someone of a different colour skin being beaten up by four of your colour skin.
(d) You see a mother violently beating her screaming child.
(e)You see some children teasing and taunting another child.

13. Fill in the missing word(s).

1. The arsonist had set fire to six homes before he was finally caught and s…....... to fifteen years in
prison.
2. "If you want me to keep my mouth shut, it'll cost you £5,000," he whispered. "Don't try to
b…….. me!" she said.
3. Secret service agents quickly disarmed the men who had tried to a…… the country's leader.
4. With dynamite strapped to his chest, he h....... the plane and ordered that it fly to his
country.
5. The young boy tried to p...... the old man's p...... but the security guard saw what he was doing.
6. The shop detective caught him s……. and held him until the police arrived.
7. The museum was v…… by a gang of young boys who covered the walls with graffiti.

14. Match the words with their definitions.

1. judge a smb who has been charged with committing a crime
2. witness b a professional who decides how a criminal should be punished
3. jury c a professional who speaks for the accused and advises him/her in court
4. prosecutor d smb who has seen a crime happen
 34

5. junior defence lawyer
6. accused
7. police officer
8. court reporter
9. defence lawyer
e a professional who assists the lawyer of the accused
f a group of people in court who decide whether smb is innocent or guilty
g smb whose job is to deter people from committing crimes and to arrest
those who break the law
h a professional who represents the state in court
i smb who notes down what is said in court

15. The success of a lawyer, especially a prosecutor, among other things depends on a skill in
making a capital speech, based in some cases on the ability to attack, to force his opinion on the
jury. Act as an attorney for the state in an imaginary case and prove at least one piece of
evidence against the accused. Exercise your ability to ask the right kind of question, to be
forceful in proving your point, in attacking the counterarguments.

16. Fill in with : accused, evidence, convicted, sentenced, tried, arrested, guilty, put, suspected:
The police had 1) ….. Paul Williams for months, and when they finally gathered some real 2) …..
against him, he was 3) ..... by the police and 4) ….. of trafficking in drugs. A few weeks later
he was 5) ..... for the crime. The jury were quickly convinced that he was 6) ...... of drug-
trafficking, so he was 7) ..... of the crime and 8) ..... to ten years in prison. The police were
satisfied they had managed to 9) ….. such a dangerous criminal behind bars.

17. Below you see the story of an extraordinary case in British legal history. The, affair
started in 1949 and was finally closed in 1986. At the moment, there are a number of gaps
in the story. Use the words below to complete it.

trial confessed court custody guilty

convicted enquiry(2) sentenced jury execution
arrested innocent charged appeal dropped
pardon judges plea apprehended hunt
suspect tried executed statements denied

The story began when a man called Timothy Evans was … for the murder of his wife and
baby. He was … with the double murder, but a short time later one of the charges was … and he
was … for the murder of his daughter only. During the ... Evans accused the man whose house he
had been living in, John Christie, of the crimes, but no attention was paid to him. The … found
Evans ... and he was … to death. An … was turned down and he was … in 1950.
Some time later, more women's bodies were discovered in Christie's house: two, three,
four, five, six. John Christie was the police's chief … and they started a nationwide … for him. He
was soon … . Alleged … by Christie while he was in ... cast doubt on the Evans hanging. When he
 35

went to ..., Christie ... that he had murdered Mrs Evans, but in private it was said that he … to that
crime. His … of insanity with regard to other murders was rejected and he was … of killing his
wife.
Soon afterwards there was an … into the … of Timothy Evans. The … decided that justice
had been done and Evans had been rightly hanged. It was only in 1966 that another … was set up.
This time it was decided that Evans had probably been … and he was given a free … . Better late
than never, as they say.

18. Fill in the blanks with the words that best fit the meaning of each sentence.

1. A panic-stricken woman phoned up the ... . 2. The man was ... for impersonating a police officer.
3. Police showed the witness a photo line-up of possible ... . 4. The man had an ... alibi. 5. The
criminal has been ... with robbery. 6. The unspeakable crime was ... by a fifteen-year-old girl. 7.
The offender was found ... . 8. The man was on ... for murder. He was ... to life in prison. 9. The
police ... the woman of shoplifting. 10. The criminal made a full ... . 11. ... doesn't pay. 12. Drug
addicts often ... to crime. 13. Is shoplifting a serious crime or a ... one? 14. The witness gave ... for
the defence. 15. The man is under ... for fraud. 16. The old man was ... to appear in court. 17.
Armed with a search ... , the detective went to the suspect's house. 18. The man paid a heavy ...
for driving drunk. 19. The judge made the man pay ... to his victim. 20. The judge ... Mr Brown
from driving.

19. Juvenile delinquency is an issue about which people all over the world are concerned.

a) Read the text given below which presents information on the gravity of the problem:
Juvenile delinquency
Junenile delinquency is lawbreaking by non-adult persons. It includes such crimes as murder, robbery as
well as offences, such as truancy or sexual acts. The term "juvenile" most commonly refers to some under 18 years
of age. Delinquency is a major social problem. Delinquency is likely to come from a background of poverty, from
broken homes, from the families of drinkers and drug addicts. Criminologists who study juvenile delinquency
attempt to explain it in several ways:
1) One theory is that delinquency is learned behavior, acquired by associating with people who have little respect
for the law
2) Another explanation is that juveniles who are caught and labelled delinquent by the authorities are
likely to continue to break the law because that label makes it harder for them to be law obeying.
3) Other explanations stress biological or psychological causes.
Have you ever asked yourself why the problem of juvenile delinquency became so widely discussed
nowadays? We have never seen such boom of crimes committed by juveniles before or may be we were not
 36

allowed to see them or simply closed our eyes at them. We used to say that we had neither drugs addiction nor
prostitution. It seems that these problems as well as alcohol abuse appeared from nowhere. But they are no longer
in their arising stage. They are progressing with all their strength and this is because all these problems were
hidden from people. This is because we lost our time, we failed to make some actions when it was possible.
Now we look around and we are terrified at the sight of consequences. The percent of crimes committed by
juveniles rises with every year. The list of crimes starts with petty offences, goes through housebreaking,
shoplifting, mugging to be topped by murder. People are terrorized by mobsters and thugs, many of them are quite
problem teenagers, including those who run away from their homes. Only few people realize that the words “drug
addicts”, “neglected children”, “glue snuffers” can be said not about other boys and girls but sometimes about their
own childre. But why do teenagers run away from homes, from their loving mother and fathers? And why do they
choose to look and act aggressive and tough? If they want to express themselves in such a way - its their
own business, but why at other people's expense? It is no longer safe to walk in the street at night because you may
be hit and robbed by young gangs who disturb and horrify people by their actions. Sometimes they hurt people just
for pleasure, sometimes they need money so they decide to take them form others by robbing.
One more factor of worsening the situation is that people prefer to stay away from everything until
it touches them. They simply watch and wait to see the results. As I have already said the juvenile problem
is the result of the policy of silence which disguised many of our problems including this one. To wind
everything up I should say if people were not so indifferent this problem would not become so essential.

b) Pair work. Team up with another student, work out the reasons for juvenile delinquency as
they are presented in the text and discuss them in pairs.
c) Speak about the social background of juvenile delinquency and its role in contributing to the
crime rate. Consider the following:
1. Are juvenile offenders usually found among children from broken homes or large unhappy poor
families?
2. Is being unemployed an important enough reason to push somebody onto the path of crime?
3. What would you say about disillusionment, loss of faith in the surrounding grown-up world as a
possible reason for juvenile delinquency?
4. Speak on the vital role of drug addiction and alcohol consumption in the growing crime rate in
general and in juvenile delinquency in particular.

20. In a students' debating club the motion is "goths, punks, heavy metal fans, rockers, green
hippies and others should be prosecuted by law."

a)Make a list of arguments for and against any legal sanctions against such groups of
young people.
 37

b)Define your own attitudes to these groups. Do you think they pose threat to public order?
c) Participate in the discussion. Use the technique of defending your views by being
forceful in presenting your arguments.

21. Roleplay the situation:

THE INVESTIGATION
Situation

Mrs June Brown was detained for shoplifting. She was accused of having stolen a girl's woolen
pullover. Mrs Brown refused to say anything and consequently the police were called and she was
charged with theft. The facts are the following:
Mrs Brown was in a hurry. She wanted to buy a new pullover for her daughter Jean before
taking her to her cousin's birthday party. Mrs Brown found a pullover in the shop she called at
with her daughter on her way to the party. As soon as she had paid for the pullover she saw that
Jean had chocolate all over her face and hands. Furious she asked a sales assistant where the
toilets were. Then in the toilet Mrs Brown changed Jean's old pullover for the new one. They
would have to run if they were going to ever get to the party. But in the street she was grabbed by
a man accompanied by a woman. The woman said that they had reason to believe that Mrs Brown
was shoplifting. The evidence against Mrs Brown was that the woman, Mrs Baker, a store
detective, had entered the toilets and had seen Mrs Brown putting a new pullover over her
daughter's head.
You are to enact the preliminary investigation of the case conducted by two counsels: the
counsel for the Prosecution and the counsel for the Defence.

Cast list

Mrs June Brown, the accused

Mrs Mary Baker, a store detective

Miss Becky Smith, a sales assistant

Mr Clark Timpson, the sales manager

Miss Nora Lain, a customer in the shop

Counsel for the Prosecution

Counsel for the Defence

What you must decide (after the role play)

 38

On the basis of the evidence collected by the two counsels during the investigation you must
decide whether the matter should be brought to court.

Role cards

Counsel for the Defence, aged 39

While interviewing the participants of the incident — Mrs Brown, the defendant, Miss Smith,
the sales assistant, Mrs Baker, the store detective, Mr Timpson, the sales manager and Miss Nora
Lain, a customer — you try to prove that your client is innocent and the charge brought against
her is groundless. In summing up your arguments you emphasize that a suspect is innocent until
proven guilty. You have no doubt that this is an "open-and-shut" case and should never be brought
to trial.

Counsel for the Prosecution, aged 45

In the course of the investigation you interview everybody concerned: Mrs Brown, the
accused, Miss Smith, the sales assistant, Mrs Baker, the store detective, Mr Timpson, the sales
manager and Miss Nora Lain, a customer. You ask everybody to tell you about their part in the
incident and thus you make them reveal the basic facts of the case and their respective role in it.
You try to verify the truthfulness of their testimony. First ask them questions about themselves:
their name, occupation, the reasons for their actions in the situation with the idea of looking for
things that will make Mrs Brown seem guilty. On completion of the investigation sum up your
observation.

Mrs June Brown, aged 30

You are a part time school teacher with two children of your own rather difficult to manage.
Thus you are always pressed for time and easily lose your temper. During the investigation you
show your indignation at the false charge imposed upon you. The only person you are willing to
talk the matter over is your lawyer whom you give a full and truthful account of your behaviour in
the shop. When you were stopped that day by the sales manager and accused of shoplifting you
felt insulted and became angry.

Miss Becky Smith, aged 20

You have been working as a sales assistant for three years. That day you were serving on the
knitwear counter. You remember a woman who you now recognize as the defendant, Mrs Brown,
buying a pullover for her daughter. You remember her well because the girl was eating a
chocolate ice-cream and smeared it all over her face while Mrs Brown was paying for the
pullover. The customer said she must clean the girl up as she was taking her to a birthday party.
You showed Mrs Brown where the toilets were and she hurried away.
 39

Mrs Mary Baker, aged 37

You are a store detective. Previously you were employed as a policewoman. In all your
years of working for the police you have never made a false arrest. That day as you entered the
toilets of the store you saw a woman taking the labels off a new pullover and putting it on her
daughter. The woman seemed very nervous and excited. When you entered she immediately
hurried out. Her behaviour made you suspect her of stealing the pullover. You followed the
woman, calling the Sales Manager, Mr Timpson, to help you. When you stopped the woman
outside the store she became very angry and refused to say anything in her defence so the police
were called and she was formally charged with shoplifting.

Mr Clark Timpson, aged 32

You are a sales manager at a large department store. Your job is to supervise the sales on the
ground floor of the shop. That day you noticed one of the store detectives, Mrs Baker, trying to
attract your attention. You realized that she was following someone she suspected of shoplifting.
You joined Mrs Baker and as the suspect left the shop you grabbed her by the arm. Mrs Baker told
the woman that she was suspected of shoplifting. The woman became very angry. You took her to
your officer but she continued to protest about being arrested. She insisted on having paid for the
pullover but refused to show you the receipt. She refused to say anything until her lawyer arrived.
You therefore called the police and the woman was charged with shoplifting.

Miss Nora Lain, aged 40

You are a secretary at an office. You don't like to go straight home after work (you are single),
so very often you go window-shopping. That day as you were in a large store and entered the
toilets you saw a woman hurriedly changing her daughter into a new pullover. She left the toilets
in a hurry. You followed her (you are a great reader and admirer of Agatha Christie). After the
woman was stopped by some people and the police arrived you addressed the police officer
offering him evidence. You are enjoying it all, absolutely sure that justice must be done. You even
hope that the case will get into the newspapers and the girls at the office will see your name or
even a photo.

Possible follow-ups

1. Give an account of the incident as it was seen by Anne, Mrs Brown's daughter.
2. Give an account of the investigation as it was seen and heard by a newspaper reporter (mind
your style).
3. Write a letter which Mr Brown, the husband of the accused, might have sent to a local
newspaper, protesting about the actions of the staff of the store (mind your style).
 40

22. Do some library research and write an essay on one of the given topics:

1. The stricter the punishment, the lesser the crime rate, or is it?
2. Law is developing: it has no impunity in the course of time.
3. What is the best way to combat juvenile delinquency? Historical survey.

23. Translate the following text from Ukrainian into English.

Кримінальний процес починається зі вступних промов. Першим виступає представник
обвинувачення, другим - представник захисту. Після цього обвинувачення надає свої докази
і викликає свідків, яких піддають перехресному допитові з боку захисту. На цьому етапі суддя
може припинити справу, якщо вважатиме, що наявні докази не доводять факту скоєння підсуд-
ним злочину.
Потому захист має можливість представити свої докази і викликати свідків. Обвину-
вачення може представити докази, які їх спростовують. Суддя контролює хід судового про-
цесу. Судовий процес завершується заключними промовами обох сторін і залишенням журі
присяжних зали суду для проведення наради після отримання інструкцій судді.
За кожним із пред'явлених підсудному обвинувачень журі має визнати його винним або
невинуватим. Якщо відповідача буде визнано винним, починається етап винесення вироку.
Підсудний має право на присутність адвоката під час виголошення винесеного вироку.
Після цього суд зачитує вирок, у якому має бути визначена встановлена для підсудного
міра покарання і спосіб її реалізації. Підсудний має право оскаржити винесений йому вирок у
суді вищої інстанції, а в деяких випадках - у Верховному Суді. Вирок суду може бути
скасовано, якщо було допущено юридичні помилки або порушено права відповідача.

(Е. Озборн. «Характерні риси судочинства в СІЛА»)

41
 42
TOPICAL VOCABULARY

Lawbreaker, offender, delinquent, violator,

criminal, trespasser, culprit, transgressor,
law infringer, wrongful person, malefactor,
malfeasant, perpetrator, disturber правопорушник, злочинець
Thief крадій
Sneak-thief (sl.) злодюжка
Pickpocket кишеньковий крадій
Pilferer дрібний шахрай
Shoplifter, booster (sl.) магазинний крадій
Robber, mugger грабіжник
Burglar, cracksman, housebreaker, picklock, yegg злодій-зломник
Hijacker повітряний пірат, захоплювач літака
Blackmailer шантажист
Kidnapper, abductor викрадач людей
Briber людина, яка дає хабар
Killer, murderer вбивця
Assassin найманий вбивця
Spy шпигун, таємний агент
Vandal, barbarian вандал, варвар
Bigamist двоєженець, двоємужниця
Arsonist, incendiary, firebrand, firer підпальщик
Deserter дезертир
Embezzler привласнювач
Fraud, con man, swindler шахрай
Hooligan хуліган
Poacher браконьєр
Racketeer рекетир
Smuggler контрабандист
Thug бандит, убивця, головоріз
Rustler (AmE) викрадач худоби
Forger фальсифікатор
Terrorist терорист
Rapist ґвалтівник
 43
Souteneur, ponce, pimp, procurer сутенер

Types of crimes
felony тяжкий уголовний злочин
aggravated felony тяжкий злочин, скоєний за
обтяжувальних обставин
capital offence злочин, за який передбачена
смертна кара
serious offence серйозне правопорушеня
misdemeanor, petty offence незначне правопорушення
consecutive misdemeanors повторні незначні правопорушення
miscellaneous offenses інші правопорушення
juvenile delinquency підліткова злочинність
homicide, murder вбивство
aggravated murder вбивство за обтяжувальних обставин
assassination наймане вбивство
manslaughter ненавмисне вбивство
attempt замах на вчинення злочину
assault, attack, onslaught напад
mug напад з метою пограбування
rape зґвалтування
corrupt activity корупційна діяльність
bribery хабарництво
graft підкуп
extortion, blackmail вимагання, шантаж
theft, larceny крадіжка
pickpocketing кишенькова крадіжка
shoplifting крадіжка у магазині
robbery пограбування із застосуванням
насильства, розбій
armed robbery озброєне пограбування
kidnapping викрадення людини з метою викупу
abduction викрадення людей (без вимоги
викупу)
burglary крадіжка зі зломом
 44
safecracking злам сейфів
forgery, counterfeit, falsification, fake, fabrication, sham фальсифікація, підробка
fraud, swindling шахрайство
credit card offences махінації з кредитними картками
gambling азартні ігри
menacing threats залякування з погрозами
intimidation, bullying, daunting, frightening залякування
coercion примус
inciting to violence підмовляння до насильницьких дій
arson підпал
trespass порушення меж власності
complicity співучасть у злочині
conflict of interests конфлікт інтересів
violation of civil rights порушення громадянських прав
conspiracy змова
dereliction of public duty невиконання громадського обов’язку
domestic violence насильство в родині
wife battering побиття дружини
child abuse жорстоке поводження з дітьми
drug abuse вживання наркотиків
drug peddling торгівля наркотиками
escape втеча з-під варти
false alarm фальшивий виклик (поліції тощо)
false imprisonment незаконне ув’язнення
harboring criminals надання притулку злочинцям
obscenity непристойна поведінка,
нецензурна лайка
patient abuse жорстоке поводження із хворими
perjury лжесвідчення
prostitution проституція
racketeering рекетирство
resisting arrest чинення опору під час затримання
hijacking захоплення літака
jay-walking неправильний перехід вулиці
libel, slander наклеп
 45
Література
1. Тучина Н.В., Меркулова Т.К., Кузьміна В.С. Read and Speak English with
Pleasure/ За ред. Локшиною Т.Ф. — Харків: СПД ФО Шапіто М.В., 2004. —
304с.
2. Черноватий Л.М., Карабан В.І., Набокова І.Ю., Рябих М.В. Практичний
курс англійської мови. Підручник для студентів 4 курсу вищих закладів
освіти (філологічні спеціальності та спеціальність «Переклад»). — Вінниця,
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