Ano nga ba ang NSTP?

 Ang NSTP o National Service Training Program ay isang programa na naglalayong payabungin
ang civic consciousness at defense preparedness sa mga kabataan sa pamamagitan ng
pagpapaunlad sa ethics of services and patriotism.
 Taong 2001 nang ito ay isinabatas sa bisa ng RA 9163 o NSTP Act of 2001.
 Taong 2002 nang ito ay ipatupad sa mga paaralan sa Pilipinas.
 Ang NSTP ay isang kurso na kailangang kunin ng lahat ng estudyanteng kumukuha ng
Baccalaureate Degree at Two-Year Vocational Course mula sa kahit anong pribado at
pampublikong institusyon.
 Walang makapagtatapos sa kolehiyo o vocational course nang hindi makakapagtapos ng
NSTP.

History of NSTP

 Taong 1935 nang ipinatupad ang National Defense Act na naglalayong obligahin ang lahat ng
kalalakihan na nasa edad na 18 hanggang 30 na lumahok sa military service.
 Taong 1980 nang ipinatupad ang Presidential Decree 1706 o National Service Law kung
saang ginawang obligatory para sa lahat ng Filipino ang paglahok sa Civic Welfare Service,
Law Enforcement Service, at Military Service.
 Taong 1991 ipinatupad ang Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act upang
makapagsanay ng citizen soldiers.

Implementing Rules and Regulations

 Ayon sa Implementing Rules and Regulations ng NSTP, mayroong 25 hours na required common
module na dapat kunin bago dumiretso sa mga components ng NSTP 1 at 2.
 Nilalaman ng common modules ang ibat ibang paksa tulad ng pangangalaga sa kalikasan,
disaster awareness, gender, citizenship training, human rights at iba pa.
 Matapos ang 25 hours ng common modules, mayroong tatlong progam components na
maaaring pagpilian.
 Ang ROTC ay dinisenyo upang magbigay ng military training upang maitulak, mahasa,
maorganisa, at maihanda ang mga mag aaral sa bansa sa pangangailangang pandepensa. Ito
ay alinsunod sa Sections 38 at 39 ng RA 7077.
 Ang LTS ay dinisenyo upang hasain ang mga estudyante na maging guro ng literasiya at
matematika sa mga batang mag aaral, out-of-school youth, at iba pang sektor ng lipunan na
nangangailangan nito.
 Ang CWTS ay tumutukoy sa programa at mga gawaing tumutugon sa pangangailangan sa
pangkalahatang kagalingan at pagpapaunlad ng kabuhayan ng mga mamamayan ng lipunang
Pilipino at global.

After NSTP

 Hindi natatapos ang paglilingkod kapag nakatapos ng NSTP.

 Ang lahat ng graduates ng CWTS at LTS ay automatic na magiging bahagi ng NSRC o
National Service Reserve Corps. Sila ang mga tatawagin ng estado para sa mga gawaing
 pang literasiya at pagkapakanang pampubliko sa pakikipag ugnayan sa DND, CHED at
TESDA.
 Ang mga graduates ng ROTC ay magiging bahagi ng Citizen Armed Force ayon sa RA 7077.

f you're curious and want to read the full text of:

 The Republic Act No. 9163, or more commonly referred to as the NSTP Act of 2001;
 Its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR);

 You may refer to the following links in this page.

Republic Act No. 9163 

On 23 January 2002, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed the Republic Act No. 9163 which is
also known as the "National Service Training Program Act of 2001." Click on this link to read the
full text.

Implementing Rules and Regulations of the NSTP Act of 2001

Although the NSTP Act was signed back in 23 January 2002, a Revised Implementing Rules and
Regulations was issued on 13 November 2009, seven (7) years after it was signed. Click on
this link to read the full text.

Courtesy

Courtesy is a behavior marked by polished manners or respect for others while military courtesy is the wholesome

relationship to all persons and the written, officially prescribed code of conduct of members of the military establishment.
Discipline is the prescribed conduct or pattern of behavior. On the other hand, military discipline is the state of order and

obedience existing within a command. It is created within a command by instilling a sense of confidence and responsibility

in each individual.

Image Credit: University of the Philippines Diliman Reserve Officers' Training Corps

Other Terms:

 Rank - provides a system of leadership that indicates a Soldier's level of expertise, responsibility,
seniority, and authority. The higher the rank, the more responsibility it entails.
 Insignia -  usually seen on a military personnel’s uniform, these denote rank and include various
emblems including chevrons, triangles, suns, or stars. These are typically worn on the shoulder
or collar of a uniform.
 Commissioned Officers - Officers are distinguished from other military members by holding a
commission; they are trained or training as leaders and hold command positions. The ranks of
Commissioned Officers in the Philippine Army start from Second Lieutenant up to General.
 Enlisted Personnel - Enlisted personnel are personnel below commissioned rank and make up
the vast majority of military personnel.
 Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) - is a military officer who is an enlisted personnel and has not
earned a commission. Non-commissioned officers usually obtain their position of authority by
promotion through the enlisted ranks. The ranks of NCOs start from Sergeant up to First Chief
Master Sergeant.
 Chaplain - A commissioned officer specially trained to serve any spiritual need to members of
the military organization.
 Salute - The word salute comes from the Latin word  "Salutare", which means “to greet” or “to
pay respect to”.
 Taboos - a prohibition imposed by social customs, something that is not acceptable to say,
mention, or do.

Ranks and Insignias

As part of military courtesy, it is important to know and recognize the ranks and insignias of
Commissioned Officers, and Enlisted Personnel. It is also important to know how to address them.
The reasons are:

 To be able to address the officer properly; and 

 To be able to render the appropriate courtesy.

Ranks and Insignias of the Philippine Army

Only the ranks and insignias of the Philippine Army will be shown in this module. Other branches of
the AFP, such as the Philippine Navy and Air Force, use different ranks and insignia. 
The order of seniority starts with the Private at the lowest rank, and the General at the highest rank.
In the image above, you go from left to right, and from up to down.

Ranks and Insignias of UP ROTC Cadet Officers 

As earlier, you go from left to right, and from up to down. Notice how these ranks of Cadet Officers
are similar to that of Commissioned Officers.

Correct Use of Titles

1. Titles of Commissioned Officers

Rules on Addressing Commissioned Officers

 Male commissioned officers of superior rank are addressed as "Sir" while female
commissioned officers of superior rank are addressed as "Ma'am."

 The following rules are used when addressing officers in a letter or addressing them for the
first time. After which, Sir or Ma'am will be used.

o Second Lieutenants and First Lieutenants are addressed as "Lieutenant [Name]."

o Lieutenant Colonels and Colonels are addressed as "Colonel [Name]."

o Brigadier Generals, Major Generals, Lieutenant Generals, and Generals are addressed
as "General [Name]."

o Other officers are addressed or referred to by their ranks.

o All chaplains are officially addressed as chaplain regardless of their ranks.

2. Titles of Cadets

 Cadets are addressed as “cadet.”

3. Titles of Enlisted Personnel

Rules on Addressing Enlisted Personnel:

 Privates and Privates First Class are addressed as "Private [Name]."

 Corporals are addressed as "Corporal [Name]."

 Sergeants, Staff Sergeants, Technical Sergeants, Master Sergeants, and Senior Master
Sergeants, Chief Master Sergeants, and First Chief Master Sergeants are addressed as
"Sergeant [Name]."

 NCOs designated as First Sergeants are addressed as "First Sergeant [Name]."

 NCOs designated as Sergeant Majors are addressed as "Sergeant Major [Name]."

4. Titles of Retired and Inactive Personnel

 Individuals who retire from the armed forces and are not active on duty are authorized to use
their titles socially, and in connection with commercial enterprises, subject to prescribed
limitations.

The Salute
The Salute is the highest form of military courtesy.
The Salute
History of Salute
The salute used in the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) today is adopted from the salute used
in the US armed forces. Watch the video to know the origins of the military salute used in the United
States.

Transcript

The origin of the military salute that we use in all the armed services of the United States is really
shrouded in mystery. We really don't get a good look at what the quote, unquote customs and
traditions are until the Army spells them out around World War I.

Roman Salute

In the Army, we say that the tradition certainly goes back to Roman times. If you've ever seen any of
the Roman movies, the Romans would sometimes slap their chest and put their arm up in the air as a
matter of salute. And they say that that salute had an origin to show allegiance from your heart and
then to show that you didn't have a weapon in your fighting hand – that your hand was open and that
you're a friend. That's one of the very early origin stories.
Salute of the Knights

There's a second one. One is that in the times of the knight. A knight who saw a friendly knight or to
pay tribute to a king would raise the visor of his helmet to let that person see their face. And then,
show an open hand, again that they didn't have a sword in their hand. If you think about the act of
grabbing the visor of your helmet and lifting it up to show your face and you think about today's
salute where the right arm is taken up and touches the brim of your headgear, helmet, or soft hat, that
is very similar to these medieval era days of knights.

Historical Purpose of the Salute

I would say those are the two most common origin stories of the salute. We know that all of these
legends and myths that have been passed down to us on how the salute started – they have in
common the idea of showing that you are not hostile to the person you're approaching, that you don't
have a weapon in your hand, and that you are in fact a person that wants to speak with, and perhaps
honor the person you are approaching.

Purpose and Commands of the Drill

Ang susunod na drill na aking ipapaliwanag at ipapakita ay ang Pugay Kamay. Ang pugay kamay ay
isinasagawa kapag nag-uulat at nagbibigay-galang sa mga opisyal at watawat.

Ang utos ay PUGAY KAMAY, NA at BABA KAMAY, NA. Ang mga commands na ito ay two-part
commands. Ang PUGAY KAMAY at BABA KAMAY ang preparatory command at ang NA ang
command of execution.

Kapag ipinag-utos , ang pagbanggit nito ay ang sumusunod.

 PUGAY KAMAY, NA
 BABA KAMAY, NA

Kawal Sumalunan

Ako ay gagamit ng talk through method of instruction.

Ang Pugay Kamay ay may isang bilang lamang.

Saluting with a Headgear with Visor

Kapag nakasuot ng kupya o headgear na may visor, meron o walang salamin, sa command of
execution na NA, itaas ang kanang kamay, extended at magkakadikit ang mga daliri, ang mga palad
ay nakaharap pababa. Ang dulo ng hintuturong daliri ay dapat nakadikit sa dulo ng visor. Ang
panlabas na gilid ng kamay ay bahagyang nakahilig upang hindi makita ang palad at ang
hinlalaki. Ang kamay at ang pulso ay tuwid, ang mga siko ay bahagyang nakahilig paharap at ang
itaas na braso ay pahalang.
Ang utos na BABA KAMAY, NA ay isang bilang din. Sa command of execution na NA, mabilis na
ibalik ang kanang kamay sa iyong gilid para sa position of attention.

Saluting with Glasses

Alisin ang iyong Kupya.

Kung ika’y nakasalamin na walang kupya, gawin ulit ang pagsaludo ngunit ang dulo ng hintuturong
daliri ay nakadikit sa frame ng salamin na kapantay ng kanang kilay. Ang BABA KAMAY, NA ay
isinasagawa katulad ng naunang pagsasalarawan.

Saluting without Glasses

Alisin ang iyong salamin.

Kung ika’y hindi nakasalamin, nakasuot ng kupya na walang visor o hindi nakasuot ng kupya, gawin
muli ang saludo ngunit ang dulo ng hintuturong daliri ay nakadikit sa kanang dulo ng kilay. Ang
BABA KAMAY, NA ay isinasagawa katulad ng naunang pagsasalarawan.

Kapag nag-uulat o nagbibigay galang, ituon ang tingin sa taong kinakausap kasabay ng pag-saludo.
Sa mga ganitong sitwasyon, ginagawa ang pugay kamay kahit walang command.  Ito ay isinasagawa
ng subordinate sa tamang oras at winawakasan kapag ito’y kinilala.

Saluting while Marching

Ang Pugay Kamay ay maaaring gawin habang nagmamartsa. Kapag naka-takbong hakbang naman,
kailangan munang pumunta sa siglang hakbang bago sumaludo.

Tandaan na kapag ang isang formation ay naka-takbong hakbang, ang buong formation ay pupunta sa
siglang hakbang ngunit ang pinuno lamang ng formation ang siyang sasaludo.

Normal Execution

Sa normal na cadence, ganito ang tamang pagsasagawa ng command.

 PUGAY KAMAY, NA
 BABA KAMAY, NA

Kawal, Isuot ang iyong salamin.

 PUGAY KAMAY, NA
 BABA KAMAY, NA

Kawal, isuot ang iyong kupya.

 PUGAY KAMAY, NA
 BABA KAMAY, NA
The Salute
Application of Salute
Who to Salute

 All commissioned officers of the AFP

 All commissioned officers of friendly nations.

 All higher-ranking cadet officers

NOTE: Enlisted personnel of junior rank do not salute enlisted personnel of higher rank

What to Salute

 All colors and standards not cased

When to Salute

 When the Philippine National Anthem or friendly foreign national anthems are played.
 When turning over control of formations.

 When rendering reports.

 When under the command of saluting.

 When passing by the Colors not cased.

When Not to Salute

 When at work.

 When actively involved in games.

 When indoors, except when reporting to an officer..

 When it is impractical, such as in churches, theaters, or public assemblies.

 When driving a vehicle.

 When on the march in combat and other combat conditions.

 When serving as a prisoner of war.

REMEMBER: WHEN IN DOUBT, SALUTE!

General Courtesy and Discipline
Basic Courtesy
Here are some Basic Courtesy Rules to keep in mind:

1. Being late for any engagement is the height of bad manners.

2. A military personnel is expected to behave and conduct himself with dignity and restraint.
3. It is bad taste to address a woman by her first name or nickname unless she has indicated
otherwise.
4. A military personnel always stands when introduced to a woman, a clergyman, an official or
an old man.
5. It is not polite to compliment a person in a company because the others might feel slighted.
6. The headgear must always be worn outdoors as part of the uniform. It must be removed when
indoors, except if the person is with arms.

General Courtesy and Discipline

Courtesy to the National Flag
The Republic Act No. 8491, also known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines”,
discusses how the Philippine Flag is to be displayed. Take note of the important points shown below.

1. All Army installations will display the flag of the Republic of the Philippines.

2. The Philippine flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in time of peace and
the red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue field shall be to the right (left of
the observer) in time of peace, and the red field to the right (left of the observer) in time of war.

The image shows the proper display of the National Flag in times of peace and war. 

Image Source: Official Gazette

3. Installations will display the flag daily from reveille to retreat.

 All Army installations will display the flag of the Republic of the Philippines.
 Installations will display the flag daily from reveille to retreat.
 The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood, water or other
objects.
The image shows the General Headquarters Building of the AFP at Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City. Displayed prominently on the left side is the National Flag. 

Image Source: Lt Jin Panganiban 

4. When a number of flags are displayed from staffs set in a line, the flag of the Philippines will be at
the right; to the left of an observer facing the display. If no foreign flags are present, the flag of the
Philippines may be placed at the center of the line providing it is displayed at a higher level.
 The image shows the Quezon City Hall. The national flag is placed in the center of two other flags.

Image Source: ABS-CBN News

5. When the flag of the Philippines is displayed with state flags, all of the flags will be of comparable
size.

The image shows the 34th ASEAN Summit wherein national flags are displayed behind the national leaders
 Image Source: Presidential Communications

6. When the Philippine flag is flown with another flag, the flags, if both are national flags, must be
flown on separate staffs of the same height and shall be of equal size. The Philippine flag shall be
hoisted first and lowered last. If the other flag is not a national flag, it may be flown in the same
lineyard below the Philippine flag and must not be of greater size than the Philippine flag.

The image shows the BRP Conrado Yap (PS-39), a Pohang-class corvette of the Philippine Navy (PN), that was transferrred from the Republic of Korea Navy on 05 August 2019. Hoisted on the ship's mast are the national flags of the two
countries, and are of equal size, with the Philippine flag positioned on the left.   

Image Source: Presidential Communications

7. When you are passing or being passed by colors that are being presented, paraded, or displayed,
salute when the colors are six paces from you. Hold the salute until the colors are six paces beyond
you.

8. A flag worn out through wear and tear shall not be thrown away. It shall be solemnly burned to
avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be replaced immediately when it begins to show signs of
wear and tear.

 9. The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood, water or other objects.
10. After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and folded solemnly as part of the ceremony.

The info-graphic shows how to properly fold the Philippines flag.

Video Source: CNN Philippines YouTube Channel

Prohibited Acts According to the RA 8491

1. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast contempt any act or omission casting dishonor
or ridicule upon the flag over its surface.
2. To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;
3. To use the flag as a drapery, festoon, tablecloth.
4. To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform
5. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisements, or imprint of any
nature on the flag;
6. To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and
other articles of merchandise;

Entering a Room with Commissioned or Cadet Officer Inside

7. Going in a room with a higher-ranking officer inside, one must ask permission.

"Syon!" 
 8. *Knock 3 times* 
"Sir, Cadet Private Juan Dela Cruz Fourth Class, with company, requesting permission to
enter the room, sir."
"Enter."
9. *Knock 3 times* 
"Ma'am, Cadet Second Lieutenant Vienna Kaye P. Lagdaan, Third Class, requesting
permission to enter the room, ma'am."
"Enter."
*Enters then salutes.*
*Officer in the room salutes back.*
10. Commissioned or Cadet Officer Entering a Room
11. The first soldier to recognize the officer calls personnel in the room to attention. The most
senior officer from the personnel renders a salute to the officer of superior rank.
12. "Syon!"
13. Exiting a Room with Commissioned or Cadet Officer Inside
14. Going out of a room with a Commissioned Officer inside, one must ask permission.
15. "Syon!"
*Faces the officer in the room then salutes*
"Ma'am, Cadet Private Juan Dela Cruz Fourth Class, with company, requesting permission
to leave the room, ma'am.
*Officer in the room salutes back and says "leave"*
16. Passing by Commissioned or Cadet Officer
17. When passing by a Commissioned Officer, render a salute six (6) paces away before the
officer. Hold the salute until you have passed by six (6) paces beyond the officer. This
applies whether the officer is walking or stationary.
18. Place of Honor
19. Walk on the left and one pace behind a Commissioned Officer or NCO of superior rank.
20. Reporting to Commissioned or Cadet Officer
21. Salute when reporting.
22. *Salute*
"Sir, reporting as ordered, sir."
*Salutes until the officer salutes back*
"Sir, I am the Cadet officer of the day and here is my report, sir."
"Dismissed"
*Leave*
23. Being Dismissed by Commissioned Officer or Cadet Officer
24. When you are dismissed, salute then leave.
25. "Cadet, you are dismissed."
*Salutes until the officer salutes back.*

General Courtesy and Discipline

Military Taboos
Taboos, as stated in the definition of terms, are “a prohibition imposed by social customs, something
that is not acceptable to say, mention, or do.” It is bad to forget courtesy, but even worse is saying or
doing taboos! Make sure to remember and avoid them, cadet!

1.  The uniform must not be defamed.

 
o “Wear your uniform properly or do not wear it at all.”

2.  Never hide under cover, nor turn your back from responsibility.


o Do not deny or refuse responsibility when it is being given to you. 

o Take responsibility for your actions. Take ownership of your behavior and its
consequences.

o Do not hide during battle. Always grab the chance to honor our nation and flag.
Honor your country, honor yourself.

3.  Offer no excuses.


o Do not explain yourself unless an explanation is demanded.

4.  Use of third person by an officer is of poor taste.


o When talking to an officer of higher rank, NEVER refer to them in the third person 

Examples:


o “Sir(Dela Cruz), I would like to know if Sir Dela Cruz will proceed to the barracks,
sir.” 

5.  Servility is scorned.


o Do not bring obedience to the level of trying or obeying too much just to please the
person.

6.  Avoid praising your commander to his face.

7.  Old man to be spoken with care.

8.  Avoid going over the officer’s head.


o It is a privilege and a right to talk about problems encountered and distresses with a
higher ranking officer but do not break the chain of command as well. (e.g., If you
are a platoon leader, bring your concern to the company commander first before you
take it up to the battalion commander.)

9.  Harsh remarks are to be avoided.

10.  Avoid vulgarity and profanity.

11.  Indebtedness to be avoided.


o Officers do not gamble, lend, nor borrow

AFP Code of Conduct

Aside from General Courtesy and Discipline, the Armed Forces of the Philippines has its very own
Code of Conduct. The AFP Code of Conduct is the AFP’s guide to earn the trust, confidence, and
respect of the people. This video shows the AFP Code of Conduct and what it represents: Exemplary
Conduct and Dedicated Public Service.

Transcript

AFP CODE OF CONDUCT

1.  I AM A FILIPINO SOLDIER. I will support and defend the Constitution of the Republic of
the Philippines

 Section 3, Article II of the Philippine Constitution states that AFP is the protector of the
people and the state. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty and integrity of the national territory
from internal and external threat.

2.  I AM A FILIPINO SOLDIER. I will fight all the forces that would destroy the freedom and
independence of the Filipino people.

 AFP identifies itself with the Filipino people's historical struggles from freedom and justice
and their vigilance against any attempt to violate the country's integrity and sovereignty. In
retrospect, it recognizes the role of our forefathers as freedom fighters and honors them for
their democratic and national aspiration.

3.  I AM A FILIPINO SOLDIER. I will obey the laws, legal orders and decrees of my lawful
superiors at all times.
  All members of the AFP are morally bound:

o by the Divine Laws, the Philippine Constitution, congressional acts, executive orders,
and various protocols of the Geneva Convention;

o by AFP regulations, directives, circulars, and memoranda; and

o by their oath of office, the AFP Code of Ethics, the AFP Code of Conduct, and the
AFP Customs and Traditions

o The members of the AFP are obliged to obey only legal orders from their respective
superior in the chain of command.

4.  I AM A FILIPINO SOLDIER. I will uphold the supremacy of the civilian authority over the
military in times of war and peace.

 The supremacy is that of civil authority over the military and not the military over any
civilian citizens. The civil authority refers to the President who as the Commander-in-Chief
of the AFP, exercises direct control and authority over the military through his representative,
the Secretary of the National Defense (SND). Members of the AFP shall not participate in
politicking, and no civilian position shall be given to them as long as they are in service.

5.  I AM A FILIPINO SOLDIER. I will live and die in the true Filipino tradition of valor and
honor, duty and loyalty.

 Filipino soldiers have exemplified themselves throughout the history as dedicated public
servants who performed their task with a deep sense of responsibility

TO ALL THESE, I PLEDGE MY LIFE, MY TREASURE, AND MY SACRED HONOR.

QUIZ 2:

1. The three components of the NSTP are the ROTC, the CWTS, and the LTS.
The Department of National Defense is the government agency tasked to monitor the implementation
of ROTC while the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA) fulfill that role for CWTS and LTS.
The correct answer is:
 This program component is designed to train students in teaching reading, writing, and
numeracy skills to schoolchildren and out-of-school youths. → Literacy Training Service
(LTS),
 A program institutionalized under Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077 or the
"Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act." → Reserve Officers' Training
Corps (ROTC),
  This program component is designed to provide students with activities contributory to the
general welfare and betterment of life of the members of the community especially those
developed to improve social welfare services. → Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)

2. It is also known as RA 9163, it was signed on 5 January 2000 and it is a program

aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by
developing the ethics of service and patriotism.
The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001 (R.A. 9163) was enacted in response to
public clamor for reforms in the Reserved Officers Training Corps (ROTC) Program. This act
affirms that the prime duty of the government shall be to serve and protect its citizens. In turn, it shall
be the responsibility of all its citizens to defend the security of the State; thus, the government may
require each citizen to render personal, military or civil service. In the pursuit of these goals, the
youth shall be motivated, trained, organized, and mobilized in military training, literacy, civic
welfare, and other similar endeavors in service to the nation.
The correct answer is: RA 9163

3. According to the Implementing Rules and and Regulations of NSTP, 25 hours of

common module must first be accomplished before continuing NSTP 1 and 2 in
ROTC, CWTS, or LTS.
The correct answer is: 25 hours

4. NSTP shall undergo a Common Module phase which will focus on: citizenship
training; drug education; disaster awareness, preparedness, and management;
environmental protection; and other national security concerns.
Upon completion of the Common Module, the student must select the specific program component
that he/she will pursue.
The correct answer is: Environmental Protection

5. Republic Act 7077, otherwise known as the "Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines
Reservist Act", provided for organization, training and utilization of reservists,
referred to in the Act as "Citizen Armed Force". The primary pool of manpower for
the reservist organization are graduates of the ROTC basic and advance courses.
The mission of the Citizen Armed Force, alternately referred to as the Reserve Force, is to provide
the base for the expansion of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the event of war, invasion or
rebellion; to assist in relief and rescue during disasters or calamities; to assist in socioeconomic
development; and to assist in the operation and maintenance of essential government or private
utilities in the furtherance of overall mission.
The correct answer is: Citizen Armed Force

6. According to Republic Act No. 9163, graduates of the CWTS and LTS components
of the NSTP shall belong to the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) and could
be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities.
The correct answer is: National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)
 7. The NSTP Program starts in the first semester with a required 25 hours of common
module. After the required 25 hours of common module are topics that depend on the
component taken: ROTC, CWTS, or LTS. Each of the NSTP program components
(NSTP 1 and 2) shall be undertaken for an academic period of two semesters.
The program component completed in NSTP 1 should be the same program component completed in
NSTP 2 in order to satisfy the NSTP as a requirement for graduation..
The correct answer is:
Rearrange the following steps based on your understanding on how NSTP is conducted.
First Step: [Complete 25 hours required of the NSTP Common Module.]
Second Step: [Choose which particular component of NSTP, whether ROTC, CWTS, or LTS, to
take.]
Third Step: [Complete the program component of NSTP 1 and 2.]

8. Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution states that the Government may call upon the
people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required,
under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil service. The
NSTP Act of 2001 is the enabling law for this provision. Prior to this, citizen service
is mandated by the following laws:

 Commonwealth Act No. 1

 Presidential Decree 1706
 Republic Act No, 7077

The correct answer is:

 Provides instruction for the conduct of the training of citizen soldiers → Republic Act No.
7077 or Citizen Armed Force or Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act,
 Obligates all Filipinos to render national service which is in the form of Civic Welfare
Service, Law Enforcement Service, or Military Service → Presidential Decree 1706 or
National Service Law,
 Obligates all men ages 18 years old to 30 years old to render military service →
Commonwealth Act No. 1 or National Defense Act

9. Students of any baccalaureate degree course or at least two-year technical vocational

courses in public and private educational institutions shall be required to complete
one of the NSTP components as requisite for graduation. T
Exemptions only apply to students who have already taken NSTP from a prior degree completed,
transferees and shiftees who have completed NSTP prior to transferring or shifting, and foreign
students. Likewise, students enrolled in Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Philippine National
Police Academy (PNPA), and Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA) are exempted from
the NSTP requirement in view of the special characters of these institutions.
10. The UPD NSTP Office shall develop and implement a National Service Training
Program unique to UP Diliman, in line with its identity as a public service university,
upholding honor and excellence in the service of the people through relevant and
transdisciplinary projects that nurture volunteerism within the UP community.
The NSTP Diliman was officially established by virtue of a decision made by the Board of Regents
during its 1288th BOR Meeting on June 20, 2013. Its functions are to administer, manage, and
coordinate all NSTP offerings and activities in UP Diliman in accordance with RA 9163 of 2001 and
its duly approved implementing rules and regulations. 
In 2016, following a reorganization of the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, the
NSTP Diliman was created to be headed by a director and a deputy director for National Service
Reserve Corps (NSRC). 

QUIZ 3:

1. Courtesy is a behavior marked by polished manners or respect for others. On the

other hand, Military Courtesy is the wholesome relationship between juniors and
seniors, between young and old, and with all persons. It is a written and prescribed
code of conduct of members of the military establishment. 

Discipline is the orderly or prescribed conduct or pattern of behavior while Military Discipline is the
state of order and obedience existing within a commandBlalalala
3. The Private First class is NOT a Non-Commissioned Officer, so the first
statement is true. The second statement is also true. 
The ranks of NCOs start from Sergeant up to First Chief Master Sergeant.
The correct answer is: T. Both statements are true.
4. Under the RA 8491, aka the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines”, it is
prohibited to wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform.
Therefore, the first statement is false.  
A Lieutenant has a lower rank than a Major. Therefore, the second statement is true.
The correct answer is: O. The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
5. A Lieutenant Colonel has a lower rank than a Colonel. Therefore, the first
statement is true.
The General salutes to no one, but the Commander-in-Chief, who is the President of the Philippines.
Therefore, the second statement is false.

The correct answer is: R. The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
 6. The Captain is a Commissioned Officer while the Sergeant is a Non-
Commissioned Officer. Commissioned Officers are always higher in rank
than NCOs therefore the first statement is false.
Enlisted personnel of junior rank do not salute enlisted personnel of higher rank. Therefore, the
second statement is false.
The correct answer is: C. Both statements are false.
7. The triangles come first before the suns . Therefore, the first statement is
false. 
The chevrons increase first before stripes in the ranks of Enlisted Personnel. Therefore, the second
statement is true.
The correct answer is: O. The first statement is false and the second statement is true.
8. When you are wearing a headgear with visor, you ALWAYS salute with the
tip of your right forefinger touching the edge of the visor. Therefore, the first
statement is false.
Only commissioned officers are entitled to be addressed as Sir or Ma'am. Enlisted personnel are
addressed based on what is appropriate for their ranks. Therefore, the second statement is false.
The correct answer is: C. Both statements are false.
9. Article 2 Section 3 of The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines states that "Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the
military." From the AFP Code of Conduct it states that, "I (the AFP) will
uphold the supremacy of the civilian authority over the military in times of
war and peace." Therefore, the first statement is false.

All members of the AFP are morally bound:

 by the Divine Laws, the Philippine Constitution, congressional acts, executive orders, and
various protocols of the Geneva Convention;
 by AFP regulations, directives, circulars, and memoranda; and
 by their oath of office, the AFP Code of Ethics, the AFP Code of Conduct, and the AFP
Customs and Traditions

The members of the AFP are obliged to obey only legal orders from their respective superior in the
chain of command.
Therefore the second statement is false.
The correct answer is: C. Both statements are false.
10. It is not polite to compliment a person in a company because the others might
feel slighted. You must also avoid praising your commander to his face.
Hence, the first statement is true.
It is a privilege and a right to talk about problems encountered and distresses with a higher ranking
officer but do not break the chain of command as well. (e.g., If you are a platoon leader, bring your
concern to the company commander first before you take it up to the battalion commander.)
Therefore, the second statement is false.
The correct answer is: R. The first statement is true and the second statement is false.

11. Being late for any engagement is the height of bad manners.
A military personnel is expected to behave and conduct himself with dignity and restraint
It is not polite to compliment a person in a company because the others might feel slighted.
12. All Army installations will display the flag of the Republic of the Philippines.
Installations will display the flag daily from reveille to retreat.
The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood, water or other objects.

13. The uniform must not be defamed.

Offer no excuses.
Servility is scorned.
14. When at work.
When actively involved in games.
When driving a vehicle.

Philippine History and Condition

Pre-Colonial Philippines

The Datu of Maynila examines silk offered by a Chinese trader

Image Credit: Carlos V. Francisco

Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Philippine Islands were home to numerous barangays,
kingdoms, and sultanates. These small states had contact with neighboring countries such as the the
Sultanate of Brunei, Japan, Hindu states, Muslim traders, and the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties of
China. During this time, the Baybayin script was developed. Religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism,
and Islam co-existed with local Animist religions.

The Spanish Era

 The arrival of the Spaniards brought Catholicism and Colonialism to the Filipinos
Image Credit: Museum of St. Agustine

In 1521, working for the Spanish Crown, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived at
Homonhon Island, Eastern Samar. This marks the first arrival of Europeans to the Philippines. It
would lead to the arrival of Spanish navigator Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1564, who established the
initial colonies. The islands are named the Philippines after Philip II, then-king of Spain. During the
Spanish colonial period, the Philippines was introduced to the Roman Catholic religion and the Latin
alphabet. The Philippines would remain under Spanish rule for 333 years. 

The Commonwealth

The signing of the Tydings-McDuffie Bill in March 1934. Most notable in the photo is then-president Manuel Quezon.
Image Credit: Library of Congress

In 1898, Spain is defeated in the Spanish-American War and cedes the Philippines to the United
States for a cost of $20 million. The United States introduced religious freedom, Protestant teachings,
public education, and the English language. In 1935, the Philippines became a Commonwealth and
the transition from American to Filipino rule began. 

The Japanese Occupation

 The Japanese Army forced 60,000 - 80,000 Filipino and American troops to march from Bataan to Tarlac to be transferred to prisoner of war camps. A maximum of 18,000 died as a result of physical abuse and wanton killings by the
invader.
Image Credit: History

In 1942, during World War II, the Empire of Japan occupied the Philippines. It led to the
establishment of the puppet Second Republic. Japanese forces committed great atrocities such as the
Bataan Death March and the Manila Massacre. Philippine and American forces fought against Japan
until its surrender on August 15, 1945. 

The Third Republic

A photograph of a parade from a Republic is born, a commemorative volume on Independence Day 1946 (Republic Day)
Image Credit: Presidential Museum and Library

The US recognized Philippine independence on July 4, 1946. The Third Republic of the Philippines
was established and the Philippines became free from foreign rule.  Due to the Second World War,
much of the Third Republic was focused on rebuilding the nation and its infrastructure.

It was an era of Cold War. Communist insurgencies in the Philippines began in 1969 and continue to
this day. The Philippines also provided volunteer forces during the Korean War and Vietnam War to
assist its allies.

Martial Law

A scene from the EDSA Revolution of 1986.

Image Credit: Medium

President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972, placing the
Philippines under Martial Law. This began almost 10 years of military rule in the country. Marcos
formally ended Martial Law on January 17, 1981, but it was not until 1986 when democracy was
restored – after the dictator and his family were forced into exile, overthrown by a popular uprising
that came to be known as the People Power Revolution.

The Fifth Republic

A truck flees from the ash clouds of the Mount PInatubo eruption in 1991
Image Credit: Alberto Garcia

The Fifth Republic was established after the removal of Ferdinand Marcos from power. The
development of the country was hampered by corruption, national debt, attempted coups, and the
communist and separatist rebellions. In 1991, Mt. Pinatubo erupted and became one of the most
devastating volcanic eruptions not only in the Philippines but to the world as a whole.

Current Conflicts

1969 - Present: CPP-NPA-NDF Rebellion

Propaganda image of the New People's Army.

Image Credit: Rappler

The oldest existing communist insurgency in the world. It refers to the National Democratic Front
(NDF), its member organization, the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP); and the CCP armed
wing, the New People’s Army (NPA).

Between 1969 - 2002, there were 10,672 civilians, 9,867 government forces, and 22,799 rebel forces
killed in the ongoing conflict.
1969 - Present: Moro Insurgency

Soldiers patrol the streets of what once Marawi.

Image Credit: Associated Press

An insurgency in Mindanao between the Philippine government and Moro Muslim separatists (until
2019) and international jihadist groups. The insurgency began in 1969 under the Moro National
Liberation Front (MNLF) to establish an independent Mindanao. In 1977, a splinter group of the
MNLF, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) aimed to establish an Islamic State in the
Philippines.

In August 1, 1989, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) was established after
negotiations between the Philippines and the MNLF. More radical and Islamic elements of the
MNLF created the splinter group Abu Sayyaf in 1991.

On March 27, 2014, the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro was signed by the
Philippines and the MILF.

On May 23, 2017, the Maute Group, a splinter group of the MILF, attacked Marawi City. It led to a
five-month siege that led to the defeat of the group and the death of its seven leaders by the Armed
Forces. It led to the death of 168 soldiers and 87 civilians, and the displacement of nearly 1.1 million
civilians.

On July 24, 2018, the Bangsamoro Organic Law was passed and on February 22, 2019, created the
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, replacing the ARMM. This ended the non-jihadist insurgency of
the Bangsamoro separatists. However, jihadist groups such as Abu Sayyaf continue operations.

1947 - Present: West Philippine Sea Dispute

An encounter between Philippine and Chinese Coast Guard ships, 70-100 nautical miles from Subic.
Image Credit: UNTV
It is the long-standing territorial dispute between China and Southeast Asian countries, including the
Philippines. The 9-Dash Line was created by the Republic of China (ROC or Taiwan) and later
submitted to the United Nations by the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China) which was
protested by the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

On July 12, 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled that the 9-Dash Line claim of China was
invalid and that the Philippines won a maritime area of approximately 300,000 square kilometres of
EEZ. 

The PRC and ROC have both rejected these rulings. China continues to occupy the South China Sea
and West Philippine Sea by stationing naval ships and constructing air and naval installations on
Spratlys Islands. In 2017, China seized Sandy Cay.

In general, risk is defined as “the combination of the probability of an event and its negative
consequences”. It is usually associated with the degree to which humans cannot cope (lack of
capacity) with a particular situation (e.g. natural hazard).
The correct answer is:
It is the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences.

Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread

human, material, or environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected
community to cope using only its own resources.

The correct answer is:

It is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human,
material, or environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected community to
cope using only its own resources.

A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of
life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental damage.

The correct answer is:

It is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental damage.

Vulnerability pertains to the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that

make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. It is a set of prevailing or consequential
conditions arising from various physical, social, economic and environmental factors which increase
the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.
The correct answer is:
It pertains to the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. It is a set of prevailing or consequential conditions
arising from various physical, social, economic and environmental factors which increase the
susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.

Disaster Risk is the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status,
livelihoods, assets and services, which could occur in a particular community or society over some
specified future time period.

The correct answer is:

It is the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets
and services, which could occur in a particular community or society over some specified future time
period.