Construction Equipment
Compaction equipment
Mode of Rental
Bare Rental – the lessee shall shoulder all cost of
maintenance such as repairs, spare parts, oil,
lubricants and shall provide fuel, operator/driver.
Fully- Maintained Rental- the lessor shall be
responsible for the maintenance of the leased
equipment including repairs and spare parts.
Fully-Operated Rental- the lessor shall shoulder all
costs of maintenance, repair, spare parts, oil
lubricants including fuel and operator/driver.
Operated Dry Rental – the lessor shall provide the
equipment, operator while the lessee supplies the fuel
and lubricants at the worksite for the account of the
latter.
Types of Construction Equipment
1. Earthmoving Equipment
- are heavy equipment designed for construction operations
which involve earthworks. They are used for excavating and moving
large quantities of earth (an off-the road vehicles/machines).
Examples:
a. Bulldozer
- A bulldozer or dozer is a large, motorized machine that
travels on continuous tracks or large tires and is equipped with a
metal blade to the front for pushing material: soil, sand, snow,
rubble, or rock during construction or conversion work.
b. Bulldozer with ripper
- A ripper is the extended attachment located at the rear of
the bulldozer that resembles a claw. Rippers are used to break up
land to allow agriculture to grow or break down rock and earth to be
moved.
c. Road Grader
- A grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader,
motor grader, is a form of heavy equipment with a long blade used
to create a flat surface during grading.
d. Payloader
- A loader is a machine used in construction to move or load
materials such as soil, rock, sand, demolition debris, etc. into or onto
another type of machinery such as dump truck, conveyor belt, or
hopper.
e. Backhoe
- A backhoe is a type of excavating equipment consisting of a
tractor having an attached hinged boom with a bucket, with
movable jaws on the end of the boom.
f. Backhoe with Breaker
- Breaker is a powerful and reliable rock cutting attachments
for backhoe/ excavators.
2.
Examples:
Road Roller and Compactor
a. Sheepsfoot rollers
- are used primarily for compaction of cohesive, dense soils
such as heavy or silty clays. They are not effective on loose or sandy
soils due to the protrusions simply tilling the soil rather than
compacting it.
b. Tandem Vibratory rollers
- are used primarily to compact paving materials, such as
asphalt mixes and roller-compacted concrete. These machines have
two steel drums that vibrate via an internal, eccentric mechanism,
which often can be adjusted to vary the frequency and amplitude of
the vibratory action.
c. Pneumatic Tire Roller
- is a self-propelled compaction device that uses pneumatic
tires to compact sub grades, bases and bituminous mixes. -- Suitable
for soft base materials or layers of loose soil and closely grained
sands.
d. Tamping Rammer
- is a machine used for compacting different types of soil
under various construction scenarios. It applies impacts to the
surface of soil to level and compact it uniformly.
e. Double Drum Vibratory Roller
- walk -behind vibratory rollers are designed for the
compaction of all sorts of soils as well as for the compaction of
asphalt.
f. Plate compactor
- has a large vibrating baseplate and is suited for creating a
level grade.
3. Lifting Equipment- for lifting of materials
Examples:
a. Tower Cranes
- are the cranes you see along city skylines that are used to
build tall structures such as skyscrapers. The basic components of a
tower crane are a vertical tower— also known as a mast—and an
outstretched jib.
b. Telescopic Crane
- These are truck mounted cranes that have a self-contained
telescoping boom, ideal for narrow construction sites with very
compact design.
c. Crawler Mounted-Lattice Type Crane
- The lattice boom crawler crane is a heavy-duty machine
that can move prodigious weights. Most are designed with
multifunction jibs that augment the crane's lift reach and mobility.
4. Concreting Equipment 6. Air Equipment
Examples:
a. Batching Plant Examples:
- A concrete plant, also known as a batch plant or batching a. Air Compressor
plant or a concrete batching plant, is equipment that combines
various ingredients to form concrete. Some of these inputs include - Air Compressor is a device which compresses the gases to
water, air, admixtures, sand, aggregate (rocks, gravel, etc.), fly ash, higher pressure and than this high-pressure gas is used for various
silica fume, slag, and cement. application like tire inflation, powering a turbine or used to do some
mechanical work. The air compressor is generally powered by
b. Asphalt Plant electric motor, diesel or gas engine.
- asphalt mixing plant is one plant that is used for mixing the b. Jackhammer
dry warm aggregate, padding and asphalt for homogeneous
mixture at the required temperature. And it is widely used to the - A jackhammer is a pneumatic or electro-mechanical tool
construction of highway, and city roads. that combines a hammer directly with a chisel. It is powered by Air
Compressor.
c. Transit Mixer
-Transit mixer is a piece of equipment that is used for
transporting ready mix concrete material from a concrete batching
plant directly to the site where it is to be utilized.
d. Asphalt Paver
- An asphalt paver is the machine that lays the asphalt. The
asphalt mix is loaded into the machine which then spreads out and
lays the asphalt which is then leveled and compacted by a part of the
machine called the screed.
e. Telescopic Concrete Pump (Pumpcrete)
- A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring liquid
concrete by pumping. There are two types of concrete pumps.
f. Line Pump (Pumpcrete)
- A line pump is a more compact stationary pump mounted
to a trailer that is easier to maneuver around a job site and is ideal
for horizontal pumping.
g. One Bagger Mixer
- A gas powered one-bagger cement mixer where sand and
coarse aggregates shall be measured by volume with boxes and
cement by bags. Usually used in small construction.

5. Hauling Equipment

Examples:
a. Dump truck
- A dump truck, is used for transporting materials (such as
sand, gravel, or demolition waste) for construction as well as coal.

b. Low Bed Truck

-The low bed trailer is a kind of machinery transport use
trailer with a much lower working platform, with a high range of
400mm to 1200 mm which is also called the lowbed trailer,
c. Cargo Truck
-A Cargo truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to
transport cargo. -Van -Trailer -Pick-up -etc.
d. Water Truck
- A Water Truck is truck designed to collect and then spray
water. Water trucks are used in road and other civil construction to
suppress dust and/or ensure that the rock or soil being worked by
other machinery is at the required moisture content. They are also
used for dust suppression on permanently unsealed roads.
Fundamentals of Construction Management
Construction Management
- is a professional service that uses specialized project
management techniques to oversee the planning,
design, and construction of a project, from its beginning
to its end.
Purpose of Construction Management is to control the 4 Major
interrelated constraints as;
1. scope
– the specific requirements or tasks necessary to complete
the project.
2. time
– a project schedule with intended start and finish dates.
3. cost
– the project budget to complete a specific goal, specific
requirements or tasks necessary to complete the project
4. quality
– according to standard of construction methods and
materials used.
The project Management Triangle
The quality of work is constrained by the project's budget,
deadlines and scope. Changes in one constraint necessitate changes
in others to compensate or quality will suffer.
Project Management Methodologies
Definition
-Achieving project management excellence, or maturity, is
more likely with a repetitive process that can be used on each and
every project. This repetitive process is referred to as the project
management methodology.
Organization
- Organization is a group of individuals who are
cooperating willingly and effectively for a common
goal.
- Organizations are structured to promote better
management.
- Organization seeks to know who will do and what is to
be done.
Structural Organization
- Structural Organization is the formal arrangements that
are established to coordinate all activities in order to
implement a given strategy.
The 5 Resources of an Organization
a. Money/Fund- the financial resources of the organization
b. Materials – the materials necessary in the attainment of its
objectives.
c. Men or Manpower– the different members of the organization
d. Machine/Equipment/Tools – the tools necessary in producing its
desired output.
e. Methods or Technologies – the procedures and ways used in the
course of its action.
The Players ( The Project Management Team)
1. The Owner
-owns project upon completion of construction
a. Private owner- owner owns land and pays for construction of
facility. Able to accept/reject bids based on many parameters
including cost, quality, reputation.
b. Government/Public Owner- owner is government agency, public
pays for facility. Very strict method of soliciting bids, accepting bids,
writing specs.
The Design Professionals (Owner’s Consultant)
a. Architects, Engineers
- Assist owner in developing plan for facility. Responsible for
applying for and obtaining all necessary permits.
The CONTRACTOR
-Contracts to build project according to the specs set forth
in the contract for a contracted price.
- Contract will subcontract to specialty firms
-Subcontractors may subcontract further
PMT/Consultants
- Acts as owner’s agent and works with designers and
contractors to ensure quality and within the budget.
Construction Project Categories
1. Residential
-• Condos, town houses, apartments, single family dwelling
homes.
2. Building Construction Projects
• Office buildings, large apartment buildings, shopping malls,
theaters
3. Heavy Construction
- Roads, bridges, dams, tunnels, water & wastewater
systems.
- Usually, government projects
4. Industrial Projects
- Steel mills, petroleum refineries, chemical processing
plants, auto production facilities. Specialized design and
construction.

Types of Construction Contract

1. Lump Sum or Fixed Price Contracts
- use a fixed price for all work done on the project.

4. Time and Materials (T&M) Contract

- require owners to pay for all project costs in addition

to an agreed upon hourly or daily rate.
Time and materials contracts define an hourly or daily rate
for builders. In addition to paying this rate, owners also agree to pay
any related project costs, which are noted in the contract as direct,
2.Unit Price Contract
indirect, markup and overhead costs.
- Prices out different categories based on things like the type
Time and materials contracts are also typically used when
of task and materials used.
the scope of work is unclear and carry less risk when used for small
- A Unit Price Contract is a type of contract based on projects where owners can better estimate the project’s scope to
estimated quantities of items and unit prices (rates: hourly rates, anticipate the final cost. Price or project duration caps are also
rate per unit work volume, etc.). In general, the contractor's common for this contract to mitigate the owner’s risk.
overhead and profit are included in the rate.
- This type of construction contract is not typically used for
major construction projects and is more often used for smaller jobs
like repair or maintenance work. With unit price contracts, it’s easier
to adjust prices when the scope of work changes.

3. Cost Plus Contract

- require the owner to fully pay all project costs on top of a
separate payment to cover the builder’s overhead and profit.
- Cost plus contracts normally require the owner to pay for
all project expenses, like the cost of materials, labor and any other
projects costs. Additionally, these types of contracts will also include
an agreed-upon amount or percentage that covers the builder’s
overhead costs and profit that the owner also pays.
- Depending on the type of cost-plus contract, the owner
may end up paying more than anticipated and therefore generally
takes on more risk than the builder.