Presentation By Gian Carlo P.

De Jesus
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Psychological
Perspective
about Self
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 What You Will Learn

Learning Identify the different

ideas in psychology about

Objectives
the "self"

Create definition of the

self based on the
definitions from psychology

Analyze the effects of

various factors identified
in psychology in the
formation of the self

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Ano ako sa tingin
ko at sa tingin nila
sa akin?
List down 10 qualities or things
around the human figures
representing you that you think
defines who you are: I AM _____

Choose 3 classmates on your

screen and write down their
names and 3 qualities about
them.
Analysis

Compare what you wrote about

yourself to those written by your
classmates.

What qualities are similar? put

check.
And what are not? put X

What qualities are sometimes

True? put //
Count how many true, not true
and sometimes.
Assessment and
Application

What do you feel about what

your classmates wrote about
you?
What aspects are similar and
which are not?

What aspects are always true or

circumstantial?
What aspects do you think are
not really part of your
personality?
 Introduction

I am who I am

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 Introduction

“if you are who

you are, then who
are you that makes
you who you are?”

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 Introduction

“self” is the sense

of personal identity
and of who we are as
individuals

Jhangiani and Tarry (2014)

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 Psychologist
William James Theory on Self
Concept of Self

David Lester
Multiple versus Unified Self

Donald Winnicott
True versus False Self

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 Psychologist
Carl Rogers Theory on Self
Self Theory

Sigmund Freud
The importance of the Unconscious

Albert Bandura
Self as Proactive and Agentic

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 Psychologist
Theory on Self

Carl Jung
Self as Central Archetype

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 William James

Concept
of Self
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 -Refers to the self that knows who he
Concept of or she is

Self -Thinking, acting and feeling self

-Reflects the soul of a person or

what is now thought of as the mind
and is called the pure ego

I-Self

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 -The empirical self
Concept of

-It refers to describing the person’s

Self personal experiences and further
divided into sub-categories:
-Material Self
-Social Self
-Spiritual Self

Me-Self

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 Concept of Self

"A man's Self is the sum

total of all that he can
call his, not only his body
and his psychic powers, but
his clothes and his house.

William James

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 David Lester

Multiple Vs
Unified Self

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Multiple vs Unified Self

The construction of
multiple selves varies
across different roles
and relationships

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Multiple vs Unified Self

-Coping with different selves

constitutes a formidable task among
adolescents

-These challenges contribute

heavily to the young person’s
struggle for a unified self

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 Donald Winnicott

True Vs
False Self
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True Vs False Self

The function of the

false self is to hide
and protect the true
self

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True Vs False Self

People tend to
display a false
self to impress
others

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 Reading:
Have you
ever
Questions experienced
hiding your
true self?
Why?

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 Carl Rogers

Self
Theory
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 Believed in the inherent
goodness of people.
Carl Rogers Emphasized the importance
of free will and
psychological growth.
Suggested that the
actualizing tendency is the
driving force behind human
behavior

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 Human beings are always
Carl Rogers striving for self-
fulfillment or self-
actualization.
When the needs of the self
are denied, severe anxiety
may result.
He proposed the Self Theory

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 Carl Rogers

Refers to the image of oneself

Defined the self as a flexible
and changing perception of
personal identity.
Self develops from interactions
with significant people and
self-awareness.

Self Theory
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 3 component of Self Theory

Self-image Ideal Self Self esteem

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 Carl Rogers

The curious paradox

is that when I accept
myself just as Iam,
then I can change

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 Sigmund Freud

The importance
of the
unconscious

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 Construction of
Id
pleasure-seeking, immature,
Self and Personality
impulsive, child-like and
cannot delay gratification.
Ego
“I”, works on the reality
principle, controls the id
Superego and can delay pleasure

the “conscience” and ‘moral

judge” of conduct

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 Psychological
Denial Defense Mechanism
refusal to recognize a
threatening situation

Repression
pushing threatening
situations out of conscious
Rationalization memory
making up acceptable
excuses for unacceptable
behavior

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 Psychological
Defense Mechanism
Projection
placing one’s own
unacceptable thoughts onto
others.
Reaction
Formation
condemns something that has
Displacement an unconscious appeal
transfer of emotions or
behaviors to another less
threatening.

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 Psychological
Defense Mechanism
Regression
falling back on childlike
patterns as a way of coping
with stressful situations
Identification
trying to become like
Substitution someone else to deal with
one’s anxiety
trying to make up for areas
in which a lack is
perceived by becoming
superior in some area.

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 Psychological
Defense Mechanism

Sublimation
turning socially
unacceptable urges into
socially acceptable
behavior

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 Albert Bandura

Self as
Proactive and
Agentic

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 Albert Bandura

Humans are producers

of their life
circumtances not just
products of them

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 Psychological
Perspective of Self

Stanford University Psychologist

views people as agents
(originators) of experience not
just reactive
He suggests that human have the
ability to act and make things
happen.

Albert Bandura

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 1

Intentionally
Enables us to behave with purpose

4 Agentic
2
Perspectives
Forethought
Allows us to anticipate outcomes

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 1

Self-reactiveness
We can be motivated to regulate
our actions

4 Agentic
2
Perspectives
Self-reflectiveness
We can reflect our thoughts and
behaviors and make needed
modifications

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 Psychological
Perspective of Self

Emphasized the importance of

social learning, or learning
through observation
His theory emphasized the role of
conscious thoughts including self
efficacy, or own beliefs in our
abilities

Albert Bandura

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 What You Will Learn

4 steps in
Attention

observational learning Retention

and modeling process

Motor Reproduction

Motivation

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 In order to learn, you need to be paying
attention.
Anything that distracts your attention is
going to have a negative effect on
observational learning.
If the model is interesting or there is a
novel aspect of the situation, you are far
more likely to dedicate your full
attention to learning.

Attention
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 The ability to store information
is also an important part of the
learning process.
Retention can be affected by a
number of factors, but the ability
to pull up information later and
act on it is vital to
observational learning.

Retention
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 Once you have paid attention to
the model and retained the
information, it is time to
actually perform the behavior
you observed.
Further practice of the learned
behavior leads to improvement
and skill advancement.

Motor Reproduction
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 Finally, in order for
observational learning to be
successful, you have to be
motivated to imitate the
behavior that has been modeled.
Reinforcement and punishment
play an important role in
motivation.

Motivation
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 While experiencing these motivators
can be highly effective, so can
observing others experiencing some
type of reinforcement or punishment.
Example: if you see another
student rewarded with extra credit
for being to class on time, you
might start to show up few minutes
early each day

Motivation
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 Psychological
Perspective of Self

Self-belief does not

necessarily ensure
success, but self-
disbelief assuredly
spawns failure.

Albert Bandura

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 Carl Jung

Self as
Central
Archetype

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 Archetypes

Are universal, inborn

models of people,
behaviors, or
personalities that play a
role in influencing human
behavior.

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 Persona
Shadow
Self
Anima
Animus

Jung's Personality
Archetypes
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 One’s “public
personality” or
mask; one’s social
roles

Persona
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 One’s dark side,
parts of ourselves
that we dislike

Shadow
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 Female archetypes,
or “feminine side”

Anima
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 Male archetypes, or
“male side:
projected by a woman

Animus
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 Central archetypes
of personality,
represents wholeness

Self
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That's it for
today's class!

Hope you had loads of fun

getting to know your classmates.