INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

NPTEL Online Certification Course on

Concepts of Thermodynamics (NOC21-ME73)

Assignment-6
Common data for Questions 1 and 2:
A 2.5-L tank which is initially empty, is to be filled with 10 grams of ammonia coming from a
line flowing saturated vapour ammonia at 25◦ C. The tank is maintained at 30◦ C as the ammonia
is being filled up slowly into the tank, so that exactly the desired amount of ammonia enters the
tank.

1. The final pressure inside the tank is

(a) 562.7 kPa

(b) 725.4 kPa
(c) 125.9 kPa
(d) 257.8 kPa

Correct answer: (a)

Solution:
Control volume: Tank
Process: Tank filling process
Continuity equation:
mi − me = m2 − m1
Energy equation:

Q + mi (hi + 12 Vi2 + gzi ) = m2 (u2 + 21 V22 + gz2 ) − m1 (u1 + 12 V12 + gz1 ) + me (ue + 21 Ve2 + gze ) + W

• The tank is initially empty =⇒ m1 = 0

• No outflow =⇒ me = 0
• The tank is rigid =⇒ W = 0
• Neglect changes in kinetic and potential energies

Continuity equation:
0 0
mi − 
m
*e = m2 − 
m*
1

=⇒ mi = m2
Energy equation:

1  2 1  2 0 1 2 2 ((
( ( 0
Q + mi (hi + V
i + gz

i ) = m 2 (u 2 + V
2 + gz
2
) − m *

1 (u 1 + V
1 + gz
1 ) + me (u e +(1(V (
e + gze ) + W>

2  2
   2
  (( ( ( 2 

=⇒ Q = m2 u2 − mi hi
 State 2:
T2 = 30◦ C, v2 = V /m2 = 0.0025/0.010 = 0.25 m3 /kg

From superheated ammonia table:

P (kPa) v (m3 /kg) u (kJ/kg)

500 0.28103 1373.0
P2 0.25 u2
600 0.23152 1368.2

Using linear interpolation:

0.25 − 0.28103
P2 = 500 + (600 − 500) × = 562.7 kPa
0.23152 − 0.28103

2. Heat transfer to the tank during this process is

(a) -24.687 kJ
(b) 15.245 kJ
(c) -0.935 kJ
(d) 0 kJ

Correct answer: (c)

Solution:
Using linear interpolation,
562.7 − 500
u2 = 1373 + (1368.2 − 1373) ×
600 − 500
=⇒ u2 = 1370 kJ/kg
State i :
From the superheated ammonia table hi = 1463.5 kJ/kg
Substituting all these values into the energy equation,

Q = m2 u2 − mi hi = m2 (u2 − hi ) = 0.01 × (1370 − 1463.5) = -0.935 kJ

 Common data for Questions 3 and 4:
A 25-L tank, as shown in the figure below, that is initially evacuated is connected by a valve
to an air supply line flowing at 20◦ C, 800 kPa. The valve is opened, and air flows into the
tank until the pressure reaches 600 kPa. Assume the process to be adiabatic.

3. The final temperature inside the tank is

(a) 120 K
(b) 410 K
(c) 205 K
(d) 650 K

Correct answer: (b)

Solution:
Control Volume: Tank
Process: Adiabatic tank filling
Continuity equation:
mi − me = m2 − m1
Energy equation:

Q + mi (hi + 12 Vi2 + gzi ) = m2 (u2 + 21 V22 + gz2 ) − m1 (u1 + 12 V12 + gz1 ) + me (ue + 21 Ve2 + gze ) + W

• The tank is initially empty =⇒ m1 = 0

• No outflow =⇒ me = 0
• The tank is rigid =⇒ W = 0
• Adiabatic process =⇒ Q = 0
• Neglect changes in kinetic and potential energies

Continuity equation:
0 0
mi − 
m
*e = m2 − 
m*
1

=⇒ mi = m2
Energy equation:
0 0
7+ mi (hi + 1 V2 1 2 0 1 2 1((2 ((
( (
Q


2 i
 + gz



i ) = m 2 (u 2 + V
2 2

+ gz


2
) − m

*

1 (u 1 + V
2 1

+ gz
1 ) + me
(((
(u e(+( V
2 e
+ gze ) + W

>


=⇒ m2 u2 = mi hi
 From the ideal gas properties table, hi = 293.64kJ/kg
From the continuity and energy equations, u2 = hi = 293.65kJ/kg

∴ T2 = T (u2 = 293.65kJ/kg) = 410.0 K

4. The mass of air that entered the tank is

(a) 0.0255 kg
(b) 1.2755 kg
(c) 0.1275 kg
(d) 2.4575 kg

Correct answer: (c)

Solution:
From the ideal gas equation, P2 V = m2 R T2
P2 V 600 × 0.025
=⇒ m2 = = = 0.1275 kg
RT2 0.287 × 410
 Common data for Questions 5 and 6:
A 200-L tank, as shown in the figure below, initially contains water at 100 kPa and a quality
of 1%. Heat is transferred to the water, thereby raising its pressure and temperature. At
a pressure of 2 MPa, a safety valve opens and saturated vapour at 2 MPa flows out. The
process continues, maintaining 2 MPa inside until the quality in the tank is 90%, then stops.

5. The total mass of water that has flowed out is

(a) 1.45 kg
(b) 8.90 kg
(c) 4.55 kg
(d) 16.90 kg
Correct answer: (b)

Solution:
Control Volume: Tank
State 1 → Initial state
State 2 → Just before the valve opens
State 3 → Final state
Continuity equation:
m3 − m1 = −me
Energy equation:
1 Q3 = m3 u3 − m1 u1 + me he
State 1:
P1 = 100 kPa, x1 = 0.01
From saturated water table (pressure entry)
v1 = vf + x1 vf g = 0.001043 + 0.01 × 1.69296 = 0.01797 m3 /kg
u1 = uf + x1 uf g = 417.33 + 0.01 × 2088.72 = 438.22 kJ/kg
m1 = V /v1 = 0.2/0.01797 = 11.13 kg
State 3:
P3 = 2 MPa, x3 = 0.9
From saturated water table (pressure entry)
v3 = vf + x3 vf g = 0.001177 + 0.9 × 0.09845 = 0.8978 m3 /kg
 u2 = uf + x2 uf g = 906.42 + 0.9 × 1693.84 = 2430.88 kJ/kg
m3 = V /v3 = 0.2/0.08978 = 2.23 kg
∴ me = m1 − m3 = 11.13 − 2.23 = 8.90 kg

6. The total heat transfer during the process is

(a) 5.34 MJ
(b) 34.65 MJ
(c) 12.93 MJ
(d) 25.46 MJ

Correct answer: (d)

Solution:

Exit state, e:
Pe = 2 MPa, he = hg = 2799.51 kJ/kg
From the energy equation,

1 Q3 = m3 u3 − m1 u1 + me he
= 2.23 × 2430.88 − 11.13 × 438.22 + 8.90 × 2799.51
= 25459 kJ = 25.46 MJ

Common data for Questions 7 and 8:

Helium in a steel tank is at 250 kPa, 300 K with a volume of 0.1 m3 . It is used to fill a
balloon. When the tank pressure drops to 150 kPa, the flow of helium stops by itself. The
helium balloon is still at 300 K and assume pressure in the balloon varies linearly with volume
from 100 kPa (V = 0) to the final pressure 150 kPa.

7. The final volume of the helium balloon is

(a) 0.05487 m3
(b) 0.06667 m3
(c) 0.16667 m3
(d) 0.94254 m3

Correct answer: (b)

 Solution:
Control Volume: Steel tank + balloon
Or Control Mass: Entire helium gas
Energy equation: U2 − U1 = 1 Q2 − 1 W 2
State 1:
P1 = 250 kPa, T1 = 300 K, V1 = 0.1 m3
State 2:
P2 = 150 kPa, T2 = 300 K, V2 = ?
From the ideal gas equation of state,

P1 V1 = mRT1

P2 V2 = mRT2
∵ T1 = T2 , P1 V1 = P2 V2
P1 V 1 250 × 0.1
∴ V2 = = = 0.16667 m3
P2 150
Vballoon = V2 − V1 = 0.16667 − 0.1 = 0.06667 m3

8. The amount of heat transferred to the tank in the process of filling up the balloon is

(a) 13.334 kJ
(b) 5.455 kJ
(c) 26.248 kJ
(d) 48.125 kJ

Correct answer: (a)

Solution:
The pressure inside the balloon varies linearly with its volume. Therefore the work done,
1 1
1 W 2 = 2 (P1 + P2 )(V2 − V1 ) = 2 (250 + 150) × 0.06667 = 13.334 kJ
From the energy equation,

1 Q2 = U2 − U1 + 1 W 2
= m(u2 − u1 ) + 1 W 2
= m Cv (T2 − T1 ) + 1 W 2
= m Cv (300 − 300) + 13.334
= 13.334 kJ
 Common data for Questions 9 to 11:
A mass loaded piston/cylinder shown in the figure below, containing air, is at 300 kPa, 17◦ C
with a volume of 0.25 m3 , while at the stops V = 1 m3 . An air line, 500 kPa, 600K, is
connected by a valve that is then opened until a final inside pressure of 400 kPa is reached,
at which point T = 350 K.

9. The mass of air that has entered the cylinder is

(a) 3.082 kg
(b) 3.982 kg
(c) 0.90 kg
(d) 1.84 kg

Correct answer: (a)

Solution:
Control Volume: Cylinder volume
Process: Constant pressure till piston reaches stops and then constant volume until pressure
reaches 400 kPa
Continuity equation: m2 − m1 = mi
Energy equation: Neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential energies,

Q + mi hi = m2 u2 − m1 u1 + W

State 1:
P1 = 300 kPa, T1 = 17◦ C, V1 = 0.25 m3
P1 V 300 × 0.25
m1 = = = 0.90 kg
RT1 0.287 × 290.15
State 2:
P2 = 400 kPa, T2 = 350 K, V2 = 1 m3
P2 V 400 × 1
m2 = = = 3.982 kg
RT2 0.287 × 350
∴ mi = m2 − m1 = 3.982 − 0.9 = 3.082 kg
10. The work done by the air during the process is

(a) 275 kJ
(b) 75 kJ
(c) 125 kJ
(d) 225 kJ

Correct answer: (d)

Solution:
Work done 1 W 3 = 1 W 2 + 2 W 3
Work done from state 2 to state 3, 2 W 3 = 0, since the process is constant volume process.
0
1W 3 = 1W 2 + 
2W 3

*

∴ 1 W 3 = 1 W 2 = P1 (V2 − V1 ) = 300 × (1 − 0.25) = 225 kJ

11. The heat transfer to the piston/cylinder during the process is

(a) 0 kJ
(b) -225.0 kJ
(c) -819.2 kJ
(d) -254.3 kJ

Correct answer: (c)

Solution:
Energy equation:
Q + mi hi = m2 u2 − m1 u1 + 1 W 2

∴ Q = m2 u2 − m1 u1 − mi hi + 1 W 2
= 3.982 × 0.717 × 350 − 0.90 × 0.717 × 290.15 − 3.082 × 1.004 × 600 + 225
= -819.2 kJ