FH SH]UA ABDLÒNIBH
EAF S]DYABUD EA
AEI@IBHBIDLAR
UANH III
 

Qlivarsiehe
Qlivarsiehe Hutòldnh ea
Rhltd Edniljd
@hbufthe ea Iljaliarîh y Hrquitabturh
Asbuafh ea Hrquitabturh

S]ÈUIBH EA FH H]XQIUABUQ]H

Mhbgiffar;
Khtllh B. Phfaltil Muald

Nhtribufh;
833229=22

Rabbiòl; Nhastrh;
3= Hrq. [ufhy Ndrhfas

=
 

ILU]DEQBBIÒL………………………………… 35

SH]UA H……………………………………… 31

•   Bdstds y Jhstds / Iljrasds y Ajrasds / ]althmifiehe y

mala`ibids.
•   Uipds ea Bdstds / Uipds ea Jhstds.

 
•   Easjfdsa ea Bdstds Jalarhfas, Bdstds Eirabtds y Bdstds
Ileirabtds.
•   Af Bdstd Britibd / Af Bdstd @ilhlbiard / Af Bdstd Rdbihf.
•   Af Astueid ea @hbtimifiehe Abdlònibh (A@A).
•

 Fhs rabdnalehbidlas eaf A@A

L
A
SH]UA M……………………………………… 81

•   Bhrhbtarîstibhs ea fds trhmhkds al Bdlstrubbiòl / Dmrhs

jrhleas / Dmrhs Saquaøhs.

L
•

•
  Af Bòeijd Fhmdrhf Ednilibhld / Bdltrhtds / Earabgds
Hequirieds. / Srasthbidlas / Kdrlhehs

  Af Bòeijd Urimuthrid Ednilibhld / Af IR] / IUMIR / IPRR /

D
Dtrds.

 
•  Rajuriehe al Dmrhs.
•   Bdlstitubiòl ea Bdnphøîhs / Uipds ea Bdnphøîhs
•   Nhluhf ea Uhri`hs y ]aleinialtds ea fh Rabrathrih ea Urhmhkd

BDLBFQRIÒL……………………………… … 21

MIMFIDJ]H@ÎH………………… ……………… 20

2
 

ILU]DEQBBIÒL

Al af sijuialta trhmhkd ea ilvastijhbiòl albdltrhrands ul il`drna eathffhed af buhf

sa ei
eivi
viei
eirè
rè al ededss phr
hrta
tas,
s, ul
ulhh sa
sarè
rè fh ph
phrt
rtaa abd
bdlò
lòni
nibh
bh eaeaff pr
prdy
dyab
abtd
td ea
aei`ibhbidlas y fh dtrh, qua sarih fh phrta µµMµµ altdlbas sarè fh phrta fhmdrhf eaf
akarbibid prd`asidlhf.
Bdnd yh shmands, fh nhtarih al bursd; Srèbtibh ea fh hrquitabturh bdnd mial su
ldnmra ghbapdr
fh bhrrarh, hfusiòl as fhafalbhrjheh
fd thltd ea ndstrhrlds
trhmhkd lunard tras safhtrhth
phrtaeafajhf
ul yeasjfdsa
prd`asidlhf ea
sdmra
térnilds `ilhlbiards, prasupuasthrids ea fh prd`asiòl y pdr dtrd fhed fds térnilds
quaa sa ea
qu eama
mall ea bdbdld
ldba
barr al bu
buhl
hltd
td h fd fhfhmd
mdrh
rhf?f? ea
eara
rabg
bgds
ds,, gd
gdld
ldrh
rhririds
ds a
il`drnhbiòl eathffheh ea inpuastds.

5
 

FH SH]UA
ABDLDNIBH EAF
S]DYABUD EA
AEI@IBHBIDLAR
SH]UA 8
 

BDRUDR Y JHRUDR
JHR UDR
B DR UDR
Af bdstd, thnmiél ffhnhed bdsta, as af Jhstd as fh utifizhbiòl d bdlsund ea ul
easan
ea sanmd
mdfs
fsdd ab
abdl
dlòn
ònibd
ibd qu
quaa sa rarahf
hfiz
izhh mial d sarvibid h bhnmid ea ulh
phrh fh prdeubbiòl ea hfjûl mial d fh bdlt
bdltrh
rhppra
rast
sthb
hbiò
iòl,
l, sa su suaf
afaa ra rahf
hfiz
izhhr
d`arth ea hfjûl sarvibid. Af bdstd ilbfuya naeihlta ulh bhltiehe shfialta ea eilard.
fh bdnprh ea ilsunds, af phjd ea fh Uhnmiél sa ealdnilh ajrasd.
nhld ea dmrh, fds jhstds al fh Eibgd bdl dtrhs phfhmrhs, buhled
prdeubbiòl y fds jhstds henilistrhtivds, talands ul jhstd d ajrasd, fd qua
altra dtrhs hbtivieheas. ghba
gh band
ndss as ra rahf
hfiz
izhr
hr ul
ulhh trtrhl
hlsh
shbb
bbiò
iòll
Af bdstd sa ea`ila bdnd tdehs hquaffhs alvihled eilard h bhnmid ea rabimir ul
ilvarsidlas labashrihs phrh fh prdeubbiòl mial d sarvibid. Sdr akanpfd, af usd ea fuz
eaf mial d sarvibid, bdnd sdl; fh nhld ea d bdnprhr bdnieh.
dmrh, fhs nhtarihs prinhs. Fds bdstds sdl Buhled rahfizhnds ul jhstd, sa prdeuba
bdlsiearheds bdnd ilvarsidlas, yh qua sa ulh shfieh ea eilard bdl fh qua
aspar
arhh qua vuafvhl bdnd `drnh ea dmtalands ul mial, sarvibid d trhsvhsa ea
jhlhlbihs phrh fh anprash. eilard ghbih dtrd hjalta eaf qua
asparhnds hfjd. Ril anmhrjd, ash shfieh
ea eilard ld tiala pdrqua prdeubirsa al
asa ndnaltd, yh qua pdeands jhsthr
hfjd y phjhrfd easpués d hf bdltrhrid. Al
bdlthm
bdl thmifi
ifiehe,
ehe, sa ast
asthmf
hmfaba
aba naei
naeihlt
hltaa af
prilbipid ea eavaljd, qua fds jhstds sa
rajistrhrèl al af ndnaltd al qua
dburral, bdl ileapalealbih ea fh `abgh ea
@ualta; Zam y anprashs su phjd.

0
 

ILJ]ARDR Y AJ]ARDR
I LJ] AR DR AJ] AR DR
Ql ililjr
jras
asdd as ul ililbr
bran
anal
altd
td ea fd
fdss Fds ajrasds hfueal h fds jhstds y h fhs
rabursds abdlònibds. Ésta eama ilvarsidlas. Nialtrhs af jhstd hunalth
altalearsa al af bdltaxtd ea hbtivds y fhs péreiehs d eisniluya af mala`ibid. Af
phsivds, puastd qua as fh rabuparhbiòl ea jhstd supdla ul easanmdfsd `ilhlbiard,
ul hbtivd. Fds iljrasds supdlal yh sah ndvinialtd ea bhkh d mhlbhrid. Af
ilbranaltds al af phtrindlid latd ea tu phjd
ph jd ea ul sasarv
rvib
ibid
id (p
(pdr
dr ak
akan
anpf
pfd,
d, ea
anprash.. Suaea trhthrsa
anprash trhthrsa eaf hunaltd eaf bdlaxiòl h Iltarlat) y af hfquifar ea ul
vhfdr ea tus hbtivds d fh eisnilubiòl ea fdbhf bdnarbihf
bdnarbihf sdl hfjuld
hfjuldss ea fds jhstds
ubdltanpfhl
l phsivd.fhsRhpdrthbidlas
il anmhrjdea , sdbids
ld sda gajrasds
hmitu
tuhhfaeas fhs
quaaanprashs.
qu `drnhl phrta ea fds
prdpiathrids, puastd qua sa altialeal qua Fhs ilvarsidlas y fds bdstds, pdr su phrta,
as hfjd qua fh anprash eama eavdfvar bdl thnmiél supdla af ajrasd ea eilard. ld
af tianpd. Fh anprash al su hbtiviehe dmsthlta, sa trhth ea easanmdfsds qua sa
bdnarbihf rabima eilard pdr prasthr sus ghbal bdl af `il ea dmtalar iljrasds al af
sarvibids d valear sus prdeubtds. Ea asth `uturd. Hf bdnprhr ulh nhtarih prinh, ulh
nhla
nh larh
rh,, sa il ilbrbran
analalth
th af ph phtr
trin
indl
dlid
id bdnphøîøîhh rahfiz izhh ul jhstd, pard, hf
anpra
anp rash
shririhf
hf.. Sd
Sdrr af affd
fd,, fd
fdss il
iljr
jrasd
asds,
s, yh trhls`drnhr eibgh nhtarih, sa bdlviarta
sahl
sahl nd ndla laththririds
ds d ld ld,, sa alalnh
nhrb
rbhl
hl
ealt
ea ltrd
rd ea fh ab abuh
uhbi
biòl
òl ea bd bdls
lsun
undd y ial
ljrul
asdprdeubtd
s bdl tarnilhed
su valth.quaFhjalarhrè
fòjibh
jhlhlbih. anprashrihf inpfibh qua astds iljrasds
eamal suparhr fds ajrasds phrh dmtalar
ralthmifiehe.

:
 

]ALUHMIFIEHE Y MALA@IBIDR
] ALUHM I FI EHE MALA@IBIDR
Asta tarnild sa ra`iara h fh bhphbiehe ea as ul térnild utifizhed phrh easijlhr fds
ulhh il
ul ilva
vars
rsiò
iòll ea
eata
tarn
rnil
ilhe
hehh ea hrhrrd
rdkh
khrr mala`ibids
mala`ib ids qua sa dmtialal ea ul prdbas
prdbasdd
mala
ma la`ib
`ibid
idss su
supar
parid
idra
rass h fdfdss il
ilva
vart
rtie
ieds
ds d hb
hbtitivi
vieh
ehee ab
abdl
dlòn
ònibibh.
h. As nènèss mi
mial
al
easpués ea fh asparh ea ul parîded ea inprabisd, ehed qua ilbfuya af rasufthed
tianpd. Ra trhth ea ul afanaltd pdsitivd ea ashs hbtivieheas naeied thltd
`ulehnalthf al fh pfhli`ibhbiòl al `drnh nhtarihf d "rahf" bdnd
abdlònibh y `ilhlbiarh, yh qua supdla ndlathrih
ndlathr ih d ldnilh
ldnilhf.f. Bdlsab
Bdlsabualtan
ualtanalta,
alta,
ghmar gabgd mualhs afabbidlas. hfjul
hfjulds
ds ei ei`a
`ara
ralbi
lbihl
hl altaltra
ra ma
mala
la`ib
`ibids
ids y
jhlhlbih.
Easea ul pu pulltd ea visth jalarh rhff af
mala`ibid abdlònibd as ul ileibhedr ea fh
brah
brahbi
biòl
òl ea ririqu quaz
azhh d jajala
larh
rhbi
biòl
òl ea
narbhearîhs d vhfdr al fh abdldnîh ea
ulh lhbiòl. Asd ld as sianpra af bhsd
phrh fds ileivieuds.
Af ma
mala
la`i`ibi
bidd jajala
larh
rhfn
fnal
alta
ta sa bh bhfb
fbuf
ufhh
bdnd
bd nd fdfdss il iljr
jras
asds
ds td
tdth
thfa
fass na
naldldss fd
fdss
bdstas tdthfas ea prdeubbiòl y
@ualta; ndthehth eistrimubiòl.

7
 

UISDR EABDRUDR Y UISDR EA

JHRUDR
B DR UDR EI ] AB UDR B DR UDR I LEI ] AB UDR

Rdl tdeds fds jhstds qua astél Rdl fds jhstds jalarhfas qua parnital fh
eirabthnalt
eirabthnaltaa rafhbi
rafhbidlheds
dlheds bdl fh dmrh ea akabubiòl ea fds trhmhkds qua hthøal hf
bdlstrubbiòl. Fds bdstds eirabtds prdyabtd ea dmrh bivif. Fds bdstds
ilbfuyal; bdstds ea fh bdlstrubbiòl eaf ileirabtds aljfdmhl; jhstds ea
aei`ibid, hequisibiòl ea tiarrh, sarvibids, hen
he nilistrhbiòl, eirabbiòl téblibh,
ilbf
ilbfuy
uyal
al sh shli
lith
thririds
ds y hf hfbh
bhlt
lthhririffffhe
hedd drjhl
drjhlizizhb
hbiò
iòl,
l, vi
viji
jifh
fhlbi
lbih,
h, tr
trhl
hlspd
spdrt
rtaa ea
pfuvihf, fîlahs ea hjuh, ea jhs y afébtribd, nhqu
nh quil
ilhr
hrih
ihs,
s, in
inpr
prav
avis
istd
tds,
s, aqaqui
uipd
pd ea
livafhbiòl eaf sitid, bdltrdf ea ardsiòl y bdlstrubbiòl, bdlstrubbiòl ea
saeinalthbiòl, phvinaltd ea fhs bhffas, ils
lstthfhbidlas jala
larrhfas, ilvarsiòl
mdreiffds, bulaths y hbarhs, atb. pumfibithrih, atb.

H fd ileibhed sa sunhl fds bdstds ea

dparhbiòl, altra fds buhfas sa puaeal
nalb
na lbid
idlh
lhrr fd
fdss jh
jhst
stds
ds ea hrhrtîtîbu
bufd
fdss ea
bdls lsuund, sahl astds; fumribhltas,
bdnm nmuustimfas, bdpihs, hrtîbuf ufdds ea
fifinp
npia
iazh
zh,, at
atb.
b.,, fd
fdss bh
bhrj
rjds
ds té
tébl blib
ibds
ds y
henilistrhtivds yh sahl fds gdldrhrids,
@ualta; Afd`ibihf.ab bd
bdlt
lthe
hedr
Uhnmiéldras
as,
sa, a`abtû
suaf
su afed
eds
hlsbdstd
a`abtûhl akab
akabut
bdstdss utiv
ivds
ds,btds
, at
ileirabtds
ileira atb.
b.
ea
fh d`ibilh ea dmrh, altra fds buhfas sa
puae
pu aeal
al nanalblbid
idlh
lhr;r; bh
bhrj
rjds
ds ea bh bhnp
npd,d,
inpuastds, `ilhlbihnialtd, altra dtrds. Al
buhltd h fds jhstds ea d`ibilhs,
jalarhfnalta
jalarhf nalta astds ilbieal al fds jhstds
ea fh fibithbiòl, al phpafarîh y ûtifas ea
asbritdrid, bdpihs y eupfibheds, bdrrads,
tafé`dlds, rheid, fuz, jhs y dtrds
bdlsunds, atb.

9
 

JHRUDR HENILIRU]HUIPDR JHRUDR HENILIRU]HUIPDR

EA FH D@I B I LH
Shrh
Shrh fh bd
bdls
lstr
trub
ubbi
biòl
òl ea ul
ulhh dm
dmrh
rh,, af Astds sdl fds jhstds qua ghba fh
iljaliard labasith ea ul parsdlhf bdnp
bdnphø
høîh
îh bd
bdls
lstr
trub
ubtd
tdrh
rh phrh
phrh qua
qua af
bhfi`ibhed qua fd huxifia al fhs fhmdras ea prdyabtd `ulbidla bdrrabthnalta. Astds
eibgh dmrh. H asta parsdlhf bhfi`ibhed qua sdl;
trhmhkh kultd hf iljaliard phrh af mual
`ulbidlhnialt
`ulbid lhnialtdd ea fh dmrh, safa phjh ulh •   shfhrids
sunh ea eilard qua as fd qua sa ffhnh •   ralth ea d`ibilh
jhst
jh stds
ds he heni
nili
list
strh
rhtitivd
vds.
s. As
Astd
tdss jh
jhst
stds
ds •   nhtarihf jhsthmfa
henilistrhtivds sa ghbal al `ulbiòl eaf •   Rajurd
nhta
nh taririhf
hf jh
jhst
sthm
hmfa
fa us
ushehedd al fh d`
d`ib
ibil
ilh?
h? •   hjuh
eamied h astd, fds jhstds henilistrhtivds •

sa bfhsi`ibhl al eds phrtas; •

   Fuz
Uafé`dld
  hfquifar hfnhbél
JHRUDR HENILIRU]HUIPDR
•

  Sarsdl
Sarsdlhf
hf utif
utifizh
izhed
ed bdl fh eurhbi
eurhbiòl
òl
EA FH DM ] H •

ea su fhmdr y af kdrlhf
bdrraspdleialta.
Rdl hquaffds jhstds qua sa ghbal
eirabthnalta
eirabthnalta al fh dmrh d prdyab
prdyabtd,
td, bdnd
sdl fds suafeds eaf parsdlhf qua trhmhkh
kultd hf iljaliard, bdnd af eaf iljaliard
rasiealta?
eaff ju
ea juhr ehaf suafed
hreh hfnh
hfnhbé eaf
l, sarald,
bél, eaff nh
ea nhasaf trd
suafed
astr d ea
dmrh
dm rhs,
s, ea fdfdss hy
hyue
uehl
hlta
tas,
s, at
atb.
b. Uh
Uhnm
nmié
iéll
ilbfuya af phjh ea sarvibids ea ralth,
eimukd, atb.

@ualta; Buavh eaf iljaliard

83
 

AF BDRUD B]IUIBD, AF BDRUD

@ILHLBIA]D Y AF BDRUD RDBIHF
B DR UD @ I LHLB I A] DR
Fds bdstds `ilhlbiards sdl hquaffds qua Af bdstd sdbihf ld sianpra tiala qua
prdvialal ea fh ranularhbiòl h tarbards bdilbieir bdl af bdstd pri privhed. Fh
pdr af usd ea rabursds hkalds. Al dtrhs bdlthnilhbiòl as ul bdstd sdbihf qua
phfhmrhs, sdl fds bdstds qua earivhl ea ei`iara eaf bdsta privhed.
bdltrhthr prdeubtds d sarvibids
`ilhlbiards bdnd puaeal sar présthnds d
bréeitds, altra dtrds.

B DR UD R DB I HF
Af bdstd sdbihf, d bdsta sdbihf, as fh sunh
eaff bd
ea bdst
staa hf
hftatarl
rlht
htiv
ivdd ea fd
fdss ra
rabu
burs
rsds
ds
utifizheds pdr ulh anprash d af Asthed
phrh prdeubir ul mial, hsî bdnd fds bdstas
axta
ax tarl
rlds
ds eaearirivh
vhed
edss h fh sd
sdbi
biae
aehe
he qu
quaa
tiala prdeubir asa mial.
Af bdstd sdbihf, pdr thltd, sa ra`iara hf
bdsta qua`ulbidlhnialtd
talar al eama h`rdlthrfhs fh anprashs.
sdbiaehe pdr
Htal
Htalei
eial
aled
ed h fh tatadr
drîh
îh ea fh af afab
abbi
biòl
òl
rhbidlhf, sa prasupdla qua fds ileivieuds,
hf tdnhr ulh eabisiòl, sdfd tialal al
bualth fds bdstas qua affds hsunal. Ea
asth `drnh, ld talialed al bualth fds
bdstas al fds qua eibgh afabbiòl puaea
jala
ja larh
rhrr al fh sdsdbi
biae
aehe
he.. AsAstd
tdss bd
bdst
stas
as
@ualta; bdhfibiòl rajidlhf
earivheds sdl fds qua sa ealdnilhl bdnd
‖bdsta
‖bd stass sdb
sdbihfas„.
ihfas„

88
 

AF ARUQEID EA @HBUIMIFIEHE
ABDLÒNIBH A@A)
Jalarhfnalta, ul astueid ea `hbtimifiehe Iljalia
Iljal iarîrîhh eaf Srd
Srdya
yabtbtdd
ea ul prdyabtd bdltiala fds sijuialtas
afanaltds; Ra ra`iara h fds afanaltds téblibds eaf
prdyabtd, thfas bdnd; prdbasds,
aspa
as pabi
bi`i`ibh
bhbi
bidl
dlas
as ea nh nhta
taririhh pririnh
nh,,
]asunal
]asun al ea Srd
Srdya
yabt
btdd. rabursds gunhlds, bdlstrubbiòl, pfhlds y
eistrimubiòl al pfhlth.
Srasalth
Srasal th fds bdlta
bdltalieds
lieds nès inpdrt
inpdrthltas
hltas
ea fh rahfizhbiòl eaf prdyabtd. Ilvarsidlas
Ra asasth
thmf mfab
abal
al fd
fdss rarabu burs
rsds
ds lab labas
ashr
hrid
idss
Astuei
Astu eidd ea Na
Narb
rbhe
hedd phrh fh puasth al nhrbgh eaf prdyabtd. Al
Hbè sa rahfizhl hlèfisis ea fh eanhleh ea
fhs ilvarsidlas sa buhlti`ibh al
fds prdeubtds d sarvibids eaf prdyabtd al
bhlt
bh ltie
iehe
heas as nd ndla
laththririhhs fd fdss ra rabu
burs
rsds
ds
astueid, hsî bdnd astueids ea fds
eatarnilheds al fh iljaliarîh eaf
raquarinialtds ea nhtarih prinh phrh af
prdyabtd.
prdbashnialtd, bhrhbtarîstibhs y prabids
eaf prdeubtd d sarvibid, prdmfanhs al fds @ilhlbihnialtd
bhlhfas ea bdnarbihfizhbiòl, atb. Eama musbhrsa fhs eistilths `ualtas ea
Uhnhø
Uhn hødd eaf Srd
Srdya
yabt
btdd `ilhlbihnialtd, ghbialed bdnphrhbidlas
Ra eatarnilh fh bhltiehe ea mialas d yafasthmfabialed fhs nakdras `ualtas phrh
prdyabtd al buastiòl.
sarv
sa rvib
ibid
idss h pr prde
deub
ubiir al fh ul ulie
iehe
he ea
tianpd, tdnhled bdnd mhsa h fh bhltiehe Sras
Srasup
upua
uast
stdd ea Il
Iljr
jras
asds
ds y Jh
Jhst
stds
ds
tébl
téblib
ibh,
h, na
narbrbhe
hedd y fd fdbh
bhfifizh
zhbi
biòl
òl eaeaff Eama a`abtuhrsa af prasupuastd ea
nisnd. iljrasds y ajrasds eurhlta fh vieh ûtif eaf
Fdbhfizh
Fdbhf izhbiò
biòll eaf Srdy
Srdyabt
abtdd prdyabtd, d nialtrhs sa pdsahl eauehs
paleialtas ea phjd, y ghsth fh
Ra eama tdnhr al bualth, thltd fh nhbrd
bhlbafhbiòl ea fhs nisnhs.
y bdnd fh nibrd fdbhfizhbiòl, hsî bdnd fds
hspa
hs pabt
btds
ds qua il il`f`fuy
uyal
al al af pr prdy
dyab
abtd
td,,
bdnd fh alarjîh afébtribh, hjuh, vîhs ea
hbbasd, tafé`dld, nhld ea dmrh y
narbhed.
8=
 

Avhfuhb
Avhfu hbiò
iòll eaf Srd
Srdyayabt
btdd
Bdlsista al af hlèfisis téblibd, abdlònibd
y sdbihf eaf prdyabtd, eama ghbarsa bdl
aspabihfisths al fhs èrahs.
Sril
Srilbi
biph
phfn
fnal
alta
ta,, axaxis
ista
tall ed
edss èr
èrah
ahss ea
avhfuhbibiòòl ea prdyabtds, sialed fh
avhfuhbiòl privheh y fh avhfuhbiòl sdbihf.
Akabu
Akabubi
biòl
òl eaf prd
prdyayabt
btdd
Ri, fuajd ea tded fd hltaridr, sa eabiea
pdlar al nhrb rbggh af prdyabtd, eama
hbtuhfizhrsa fh il`drnhbiòl rabhmheh, y
bdnalzhr bdl fds bdlthbtds raspabtivds
phrh bdnalzhr bdl fh athph ea dparhbiòl
eaf prdyabtd.
Dparh
Dpa rhbi
biòl
òl d @ul
@ulbibidl
dlhni
hnialaltd
td eaf Srd
Srdya
yabt
btdd
Asth as fh puasth al nhrbgh eaf prdyabtd,
sa ilibih bdl fh prdeubbiòl ea fds mialas
y/d sarvibids, eistrimubiòl eaf prdeubtd,
atb. Bdl af ilibid ea ésth athph sa eiba
qua `ilhfizh af prdyabtd, a ilibih fh luavh

uliehe
Af Bibfdprdeubtivh
ea Pieh eahu`ulbidlhr.
l Srdyabtd.
Hbè sa nuastrh bdld sa akabuthl fds
phquatas
phquat as ea trhmh
trhmhkd
kd eurhlta fhs `hsas eaf
prdyabtd.

82
 

FHR ]ABDN
]ABDNALE
ALEH
HBIDL
BIDLAR
AR EAF
EAF
A@A
•   Fh inpfanalthbiòl eaf prdyabtd eama •  Naeihlta af hlèfisis ea salsimifiehe sa
rahf
rahfiz
izhr
hrsa
sa al fd fdss pf
pfhz
hzds
ds as
asth
thmf
mfab
abied
iedss eatarnilò ul 1% ea eisnilubiòl al fds
phrh jhrhltizhr af UI] y af PHL iljr
iljras
asds
ds,, si
situ
tuhb
hbiò
iòll qu
quaa h`h`ab
abth
th h fh
prdpuastds. Af PHL y af UI] sdl eds anprash y astd fh vuafva salsimfa? sil
`òrn
`òrnuf
ufhs
hs `i`ilh
lhlb
lbiar
iarhs
hs anp
anpfa
fahe
hehs
hs bd
bdll anmh
an mhrj
rjd,
d, as la laba
basshr
hrid
id asasth
thmf
mfab
abar
ar
hsieuiehe phrh hlhfizhr qué thl astrhtajihs ea valths, bdnd prdndbiòl
dpdrtuld puaea sar ul prdyabtd phrh y, ndstrhed hf bfialta fds mala`ibids ea
ulh anprash, ileapaleialta eaf èrah al hequiriririr fd
hequ fdss sa
sarv
rvib
ibid
idss ae
aeub
ubht
htiv
ivds
ds ea
af qua dpara d eaf tipd ea prdeubtd hf bhfiehe.
qua sa hfueh.

•   Jhrhltizhr af livaf ea utifieheas

prav
pravis
istd
tdss al fh pf pfhl
hli`i`ib
ibhb
hbiò
iòll al af
prinar hød, phrh prdpdrbidlhr livafas
ea sajuriehe h fds ilvarsidlisths.

•   Nhl
Nhltal
talar
ar liv
livafa
afass ea ral
ralthmi
thmifie
fiehe
he eaf
prdyabtd phrh jhrhltizhr af tianpd ea
rabuparhbiòl ea fh ilvarsiòl ilibihf.

•  Dmtalar fh bhfiehe eaf sarvibid naeihlta

ulhh ra
ul ratr
trdh
dhfifina
nalt
lthhbi
biòl
òl,, ni
nisn
snhh qu
quaa
puaea bdlsajuir bdl sujaralbihs ea fds
bfialtas.

85
 

FH SH]UA
FHMD]HF EAF
AKA]BIBID
S]D@ARIDLHF
SH] UA =
 

BH]HBUA]ÎRUIBHR EA FDR
U]HM
U]H MHKDR AL BDL
BDLRRU]
U]QBBI
QBBIÒL;
ÒL;
DM]HR J]HLEAR Y DM]HR
SAXQAØHR
DM]HR
DM]HR J]H
J]HLE
LEAR
AR; • Eivisiòl pdr athphs. Shrh qua sah
a`ib
a`ibial
ialta
ta y ld ax
axis
isth
thll il
ilta
tarr
rrupb
upbid
idla
lass
altra af parsdlhf, af prdyabtd sa eiviea
Al fh bdlstrubbiòl ghy ulh jrhl vhriaehe al athphs edlea sa asthmfabal thrahs
ea tipds ea prdyabtds, easea fds al aspabî`ibd y ld sa ilibih dtrh h
rasiea
rasiealbi
lbihfa
hfas,
s, ileu
ileustr
strihf
ihfas,
as, eap
eapdrt
drtivds
ivds,, nalds qua ghyh bdlbfuied fh hltaridr
ghsth fh dmrh bivif?
bdlstrubbidlas asth
qua sa ûftinh ilbfuya
albualtrhl al af pdr bdnpfatd.
• Afav
Af avhe
heds
ds bd
bdststas
as ea akakababububiò
iòll Shrh asta
altdrldd sdbihf
altdrl sdbihf,, bdnd pualta
pualtas, s, bhrra
bhrratarhs
tarhs,,
tipd ea prdyabtds sdl la labbashrihs
`arr
`arrdb
dbhr
hrririfa
fas,
s, vîvîhs
hs,, pr
pras
ashs
hs,, pupuar
artd
tdss y
jrhleas ilvarsidlas eamied h fh jrhl
hardpuartds, pdr nalbidlhr hfjulds. Asta
bhlt
bh ltie
iehe
he ea nh nhta
taririhf
hfasas y ra rabu
burs
rsdsds
tipd ea dmrhs raquiara ea pars rsdl
dlhhf
téblibds y gunhlds qua puaeal il`fuir
bhfi`ibhed, yh qua tialal bhrhbtarîstibhs
al af prdyabtd.
ei`araltas, sdmra tded al buastidlas ea
il`rhastrubturh. • Eisaød h fhrjd pfhzd Asta tipd ea
prdya
pr dyabt
btds
ds su suaf
afaa pfh
pfhlili`i`ibh
bhrs
rsaa h vhvhririds
ds
nasas d ilbfusiva høds phrh fdjrhr sus
• Rinuftfthl
Rinu hlai
aieh
ehee ea th
thra
rahs
hs y hb
hbbi
bidl
dlas
as.. Sdr athphs `ilhfas, pdr fd qua raquiara ea fh
fd rajufhr sa ffavhl h bhmd vhrihs thrahs hsasdrîh ea ul aspabihfisth phrh qua fd
hf ni
nisnsndd titian
anpd
pd,, hf
hfju
julh
lhss il
ilbf
bfus
usiv
ivaa ffava h bhmd ea nhlarh iltajrhf.
eapaleal ea dtrhs, pdr fd qua eama
• Eira
Ei rabb
bbiò
iòll pd
pdrr li
liva
vafa
fass Fds prdyabtds ea
ghma
gh marr ululhh jrjrhl
hl bdbddr
drei
eilh
lhbi
biòl
òl al alttra
dmrh
dm rh bibivi
viff sa su suaf
afal
al su supa
parvrvis
ishr
hr pd pdrr
tded
tdedss fdfdss il
ilvd
vdfub
fubrh
rhed
eds?
s? pd
pdrr ak
akanp
anpfd fd,,
athphs y bdl nubghs parsdlhs
nialtrhs phrta eaf parsdlhf sa albhrjh
ilvdfubrhehs, heanès ea vhrids
ea fh `hmribhbiòl ea astrubturhs
raspdlshmfas qua hbtûal bdnd jastdras
natèfibhs, h fh vaz dtrd aquipd rahfizh fh
ilsthfhbiòl ea sarvibids mèsibds, bdnd ea bheh phrta eaf prdyabtd.
hjuh y fuz.
80
 

DM]HR
DM]HR SAX
SAXQAØ
QAØHR;
HR;

Buhled ghmfhnds ea dmrh ea bdlstrubbiòl

paquaøh asth alta
dmrhs téblibhnalta
téblibhn al ea`ilibiòl
salbiffhs ysaeatrhth ea
asbhsh
altitieh
al ehee bdbdls
lstr
trub
ubtitivh
vh y ab abdl
dlòn
ònib
ibh?
h? ld
suafal eispdlar ea ul prdyabtd ea
akabubiòl, ld suafal supdlar hftarhbiòl
eaf vdfunal, eaf usd dmkativd, ea fhs
ilsthfhbidlas y sarvibids ea usd bdnûl d
eaf lûnard ea vivialehs y fdbhfas, li
h`abthl hf eisaød axtaridr, h fh
bina
binalt lthb
hbiò
iòl,
l, h fh as astr
truubt
btuurh d h fh fhss
bdleibidlas ea ghmithmifiehe d sajuriehe
ea fds aei`ibids a ilsthfhbidlas.

Hfjulds akanpfds ea dmrhs naldras sdl;

ravdbd y pilturh ea `hbghehs? ndlthka y
easn
ea sndl
dlth
thka
ka ea mhmhkh
khlt
ltasas y bh bhlh
lhfd fdla
las?
s?
hbdn
hb dnat
atie
iehs
hs ea sa sarv
rviibi
bids
ds h ae aei`i`ib
ibid
ids?
s?
raphrhbiòl ea bumiarths, mhbgad al vîhs
pûmfib
pûm fibhs?
hs? paq
paquaøh
uaøhss rag
raghmihmifit
fithbid
hbidlas
las al
vivialehs y d`ibilhs? atb.

@ualta; `ulehbiòl fhmdrhf

8:
 

AF BÒEIJD FHMD]HF EDNILIBHLD

/ BDLU]HUDR / EA]ABGDR
HEXQI]IEDR. / S]ARUHBIDLAR /
KD]LHEHR
AF B ÒEI JD FHM D] HF
EDNILIBHLD
•   µµAf naldr ld anhlbiphed, nhydr ea 88
Af Bòeijd ea Urhmhkd ea fh ]apûmfibh høds y naldr ea 80 puaea, bafamrhr
Ednilibhlh as ul edbunaltd pdr af qua bdltrhtd ea trhmhkd, parbimir fhs
sa rija fh fay fhmdrhf ednilibhlh, ffavhed ratrimubidlas bdlvaliehs y fhs
h Bhmd pdr ulh bdnisiòl raehbtdrh eaf ileanlizhbidlas `ikhehs al asta bòeijd
trhmhkd. Brahed mhkd fh fay 80-9= y akarbar fhs hbbidlas qua thfas
prdnufjheh af =0 ea nhyd ea 899=. rafhbidlas
hutdrizhbiòlsaeaearivhl, bdly fh
su phera ea su nhera
Asta bòeijd tiala pdr dmkatd `ulehnalthf, d ea hquaf ea astds qua taljh sdmra af
rajufhr fds earabgds y dmfijhbidlas ea naldr fh hutdriehe, d h `hfth ea hnmds,
Anpfaheds y anpfahedras, trhmhkhedras y ea su tutdr".
prdvaar fds naeids, bdlbifihr sus
raspabtivds iltarasas, y ea`ilir af bdltrhtd •   "Al bhsd ea eisbraphlbih ea fds pheras
ea trhmhkd, hquaf pdr af buhf ulh parsdlh d h `hfth ea astds y eaf tutdr, af kuaz ea
sa dm
dmfij
fijhh na
naei
eihlt
hltaa ul
ulhh ra
ratr
trim
imub
ubiò
iòl,
l, h phz eaf ednibifid eaf naldr pderè
prasthr ul sarvibid parsdlhf h dtrh, mhkd fh bdlbaear fh hutdrizhbiòl".

ea
eapa
pale
leal
eafajhehalbi
bih
eah ésth.
y ei
eira
rabb
bbiò
iòll il
ilna
naei
eiht
hthh d •

  "Al liljûl
pderè bhsdsuafilstrubbiòl
inpaeir trhmhkd eafasbdfhr
naldr
Af fimrd I, Uitufd II, sdmra `drnhbiòl y dmfijhtdrih, fh qua asthrè h bhrjd y
pruamh eaf bdltrhtd ea trhmhkd, axprash bdrrarè pdr bualth eaf anpfahedr, mhkd
al su Hrtibufd 8:, fd sijuialta; fh suparvisiòl ea fhs hutdrieheas,
buhled pdr af gabgd ea eibgd trhmhkd af
naldr ld puaeh rabimir fh ilstrubbiòl
•   Éf naldr anhlbiphed, d af naldr ld asbdfhr".
anhlbiphed qua ghyh bunpfied fds 80 •   Ril anmhrjd, al af nisnd fimrd IP,
høds ea aehe, sa raputhl nhydras ea
aehe
ae he ph
phrr fd
fdss `i`ila
lass eaf bd
bdlt
ltrh
rhtd
td ea Uitufd II, edlea
hrtîbufds sa fatrhmhkds
sdmra fds eaeibhleafvhrids
naldr,
trhmhkd".
87
 

fds buhfas h fds `ilas ea asth fay sdl •  Ld astèl sukatds h fhs finithbidlas ea
bdls
bdlsie
iear
arhe
heds
ds nhnhydydrarass ea ae aehe
he ph
phrh
rh asta hrtibufd fds naldras ea eiabiséis
bafa
bafamr
mrhr
hr bd
bdlt
ltrh
rhtd
tdss ea tr trhm
hmhk
hkd,
d, al fh
fhss høds qua rahfibal trhmhkds al anprashs
aehe
ae heas
as axaxpr
pras
ashn
hnalaltata sa
saøh
øhfh
fhehs
ehs al af `hnifihras al fhs qua sdfhnalta astél
nisn
ni snd,
d, as
astd
tdss hr
hrtîtîbu
buffds fd bibith
thnd
ndss h anpf
an pfah
ahed
edss fd
fdss ph
pher
eras
as,, su
suss gi
gikd
kdss y
bdltiluhbiòl; pupifds.
•  Hrt
Hrtib ibuf
ufdd =5
=55.
5.-- Fd
Fdss nanald
ldra
rass ea aeaehe
he •  Hrtibufd =5:.- Fh kdrlheh ea trhmhkd ea
eis`
ei s`ru
ruth
thll ea fd fdss ninisn
snds
ds eaeara
rabg
bgds
ds,, fds naldras ea eiab abiiséis høds ld
titial
alal
al fdfdss ni
nisn
snds ds eaeama
mara
rass qu
quaa fd
fdss puaeal axbaear, al liljulh
nhydrass ea aehe, al fd qua bdlbia
nhydra bdlbiarla
rla h birbulsthlbih, ea sais gdrhs eihrihs.
fhs fayas ea trhmhkd, sil nhs •  Hrtibufd =57.- Uded naldr ea eiabiséis
axba
ax bapb
pbid
idla
lass qua fh fhss as
asth
thmfa
mfabi
bieh
ehss al høds qua pratalehl rahfizhr fhmdras al
prasalta bòeijd. anprashs ea buhfquiar bfhsa, hbraeithrh
• Hrtibufd =51.- Ra prdgima af trhmhkd ea su hptitue `îsibh phrh easanpaøhr af
n aldras eala mala`ibid
dmsthlta, bhtdrba (eaf
85)) hrta,
85 høds
ds..eaLfhd bbharrtjid`ibhebaiòl qua nsaaeibthrhta badxlpaeuilehh
bialbih d ea fh alsaøhlzh, af sabrathrid jrht
jr htuiuiththnal
nalta ta pd
pdrr ul `h `hbu
buftftht
htiv
ivdd qu
quaa
ea trh rhmh
mhkd kd,, pd
pdrr na
naei
eidd ea pa parn
rnis isds
ds prasta sarvibids hf asthed, hf Eistritd
ileivieuhfas as,, pderè hut utddrizhr qua Lhbidlhf d h ul Nulibipid.
naldras ea bhtdrba høds puaehl sar •   Hrtibufd =59.- Af anpfahedr ld puaea
anpfah
anp faheds
eds al asp aspabtè
abtèbuf
bufds
ds pûmpûmfibd
fibds,
s, anpfahr naldras al lajdbids
rheid, tafavisiòl d pafîbufhs hnmufhltas sil hutdrizhbiòl pravih eaf
bilanhtdjr jrèè`ibhs bdnd hbtdras d eaphrthnaltd ea trhmhkd d ea fh
`ijurhltas.
•  Hrtibufd =50.- Fds naldras ea eiabiséis h`ulbidlas.
utdriehe fdbhf qua akarzh sus
(80) høds ld puaeal sar anpfaheds li •   Ra bd bdls
lsie
iear
arhl
hl lalajd
jdbi bids
ds hnhnmu mufh
fhlta
ltas;
s;
trhmhkhr ea ldbga eurhlta ul parided ea valt
va lth,h, d`
d`ar
arth
th ea va valt lth,
h, bd
bdfd
fdbhbhbi
biòl
òl y
edba gdrhs bdlsabutivhs, af buhf sarè eist
eistririmu
mubiò
biòll ea hr hrtîtîbu
bufd
fds,
s, prprdedeub
ubtd
tds,
s,
`ikhed pdr af sabrathrid ea trhmhkd y qua narb
na rbhlhlbî
bîhs
hs,, bi
birb
rbuf
ufhr
hrasas,, mimiffffat
atas
as ea
laba
la bash
shririhna
hnaltlta,
a, ld pdpderè
erè bd bdnal
nalzh zhrr fdtarîh, pariòeibds d `dffatds, hsî bdnd
easpués ea fhs dbgd ea fh ldbga, li thnmiél finpiazh ea zhphtds d buhfquiar
tarnilhr hlta ea fhs sais ea fh nhøhlh. dtrd trh`ibd rahfizhed al fuj ujhhras

pûmfibds d ea bhsh al bhsh.

89
 

Hrtibu
Hrtibufd
fd =1
=13.
3.-- Fd
Fdss na
nald
ldra
rass ea bh
bhtd
tdrb
rbaa BDLU]HUDR
høds
høds d ea ei eiab
abis
iséi
éiss hø
høds
ds pupuae
aeal
al sa
sarr
anpfaheds al bdlbiartds d aspabtèbufds
tahtrhfas ghsth fhs edba ea fh ldbga, Hrtîbufd 8. Af bdltrhtd ea trhmhkd as hquaf
pravih hutdrizhbiòl eaf eaphrthnaltd ea pdr af buhf ulh parsdlh sa dmfijh,
tr
trhm
hmhk
hkddsusd `ulbidlas.
akarzh eaff ra
ea rapr
pras
asal
alth
thlt
ltaa fd
fdbh
bhff qu
quaa snaeihlta
arvibid pulharsdratrimubiòl,
lhf h dtrh, prasthr
mhkd ul fh
eapa
eapale
leal
albi
bihh y eieira
rabb
bbiò
iòll il
ilna
naei
eiht
hthh d
Hrtibufd =18.- Ra prdgîma af trhmhkd eaf
eafajheh ea ésth.
nald
na ldrr ea ei eiab
abis
iséi
éiss hø
høds
ds al trh rhmh
mhkd
kdss
pafijrdsds d ilshfumras. Fh sabrathrih ea
trhm
trhmhk
hkdd eaeata
tarn
rnil
ilhr
hrhh bu
buhf
hfas
as sdsdll asastd
tdss Hrt. =. Urhmhkhedr as tdeh parsdlh `îsibh
trhmhkds. qua prasth ul sarvibid, nhtarihf d
Hrtibufd =1=.- Liljulh naldr ea eiabiséis iltafabtuhf, al virtue ea ul bdltrhtd ea
høds puaea trhmhkhr bdnd nalshkarh al trhmhkd.Anpfahedr as fh parsdlh `îsibh d
fh eistrimubiòl d altrajh ea narbhlbîh d ndrhf h quial as prasthed af sarvibid.
nalshkas.
Hrtibufd =12.- Liljûl naldr ea eiabiséis Hrt. 2. Ra altialea pdr anprash fh uliehe
høds puaea sar anpfahed al axpaleid hf abdlònibh ea prdeubbiòl d eistrimubiòl
eathffa ea mamiehs anmrihjhltas. ea mialas d sarvibids.
Hrtibufd =15.- Af anpfahedr qua anpfaa
nald
na ldra
rass as
asth
th dm
dmfifijh
jhed
ed h ba
baea
earfrfaa fh
fhss
`hbifieheas heabuhehs y bdnphtimfas bdl Asthmfabinialtd as fh uliehe téblibh qua
fhs labasieheas eaf trhmhkhedr phrh qua bdnd suburshf, hjalbih u dtrh `drnh, sa
asta puaeh bunpfir bdl sus prdjrhnhs iltajrh
`ilas eayfhbdltrimuya
anprash. h fh rahfizhbiòl ea fds
asbdfhras y hsistir h asbuafhs ea
bhphbithbiòl prd`asidlhf.
Hrt. 5. Fds bdltrhtds rafhtivds hf sarvibid
edné
ed nést
stib
ibd,
d, hf tr
trhm
hmhk
hkdd ea
eaff bh
bhnp
npd,
d, hf
trhmhkd h ednibifid, h fds trhlspdrtas, h
fds valeaedras, vihkhltas ea bdnarbid y
dtrds sanakhltas y h fds nilusvèfieds,
astèl sdnatieds hf réjinal aspabihf qua
phrh bheh uld ea affds sa asthmfaba al
asta Bòeijd.

=3
 

Hrt. 1. Ld astèl rajieds pdr af prasalta Hrt. 7. Fds ka`as ea aquipds ea

Bòeijd,, shfvd eispdsibiòl
Bòeijd eispdsibiòl axprash qua fds trhmhkhedras y tdeds hquaffds qua,
ilbfuyh; akar
akarbi
bial
aled
ed hu
hutd
tdririeh
ehee y ei
eira
rabb
bbiò
iòll sd
sdmr
mraa
8. fds prd`asidlhfas fimarhfas qua akarzhl uld d nès trhmhkhedras, trhmhkhl mhkd fh
su prd`asiòl al `drnh ileapaleialta? eapalealbih y eirabbiòl ea ul anpfahedr,
=. fds bdnisidlisths y fds bdrraedras? sdl h fh vaz iltarnaeihrids y trhmhkhedras.
2. fds hjaltas y raprasa sallthltas ea
bdnarbid? Hrt. 9. Af trhmh mhkkhedr puaea pr pras
astthr
sarv
sarvib
ibid
idss h nè
nèss ea ul an anpfpfah
ahed
edrr al
5. fds hrralehthrids y fds hphrbards ea fds gdrhrids ea trhmhkd ei`araltas. Ld puaea
prdpiathrids. ghbarsa sustituir pdr dtrd al fh prasthbiòl
Hrt.t. 0. Fd
Hr Fdss he
henil
nilis
istr
trhe
hedr
dras,
as, jajaral
ralta
tas,
s, ea sus sarvibids li utifizhr uld d nès
eirabtdras y ean anèès anp npffaheds qua huxifihras, sil fh hprdmhbiòl eaf
akarbal `ulbidlas ea henilistrhbiòl d ea anpfahedr.
eirabbiòl, sa bdlsiearhl
eaf anpfahedr, raprasalthltas
al sus rafhbidlas bdl fds
trhmhkhedras, ealtrd ea fh òrmith ea sus Hrt. 83. Af trhmhkhedr qua easaa easijlhr
htrimubidlas. Rdl h su vaz trhmhkhedras al ul sustitutd d anpfahr uld d nès
suss ra
su rafh
fhbi
bidl
dlas
as bd
bdll af an
anpf
pfah
ahed
edrr qu
quaahuxifihras,
huxifihras, fd nisnd qua af iltarnaeihrid,
iltarnaeihrid,
raprasalthl. eama bdnulibhr hf anpfahedr fhs
bdleibidlas al qua prasthrèl sus
sarvibids af sustitutd, fds huxifihras d fds
Hrt. :. Iltarnaeihrid as tdeh parsdlh qua, trhmhkhedras bdltrhtheds, h `il ea qua af
sil sar raprasalthlta bdl dlddbied eaf anpfahedr puaeh ehr su hprdmhbiòl y af
anpfahedr, iltarviala pdr bualth ea asta bdbdlt
ltrh
rhtd
td ea trtrhmh
hmhkd
kd qua
quaea
ea `d
`drn
rnhf
hfiz
izhed
hed
ûftind al fh bdltrhthbiòl ea fds sarvibids eirabthnalta bdl asta ûftind.
ea uld d vhrids trhmhkhedras.
Fh birbulsthlbih ea qua af sustitutd, fds
Uhnmiél sa bdlsiearhl bdnd huxifihras d fds trhmhkhedras akabutal su
iltarnaeihrids fds qua bdltrhthl trhmhkd bdl bdldbinialtd eaf anpfahedr d
trhm
trhmhk
hkhe
heddra
rass ph
phrh
rh sar ututififiizhedss al ea su
zhed suss ra
rapr
pras
asal
alth
thlt
ltas
as,, su
supd
pdla
la ei
eibg
bghh
trhmhkds ea fh anprash ea dtrd. hprdmhbiòl.

=8
 

Hrt. 88. Ra raputh qua af iltarnaeihrid abdlònibd, h fds `ilas ea fhs dmfijhbidlas
qua trhmhkh bdlkulthna nallta bdl fhs bdltrh
bdl trhîehs
îehs bdl sus tr
trhmh
hmhkhe
khedras
dras,, sar
sarèl
èl
parsdlhs bdltrhthehs pdr éf y af sdfifieh
sd ehrih
rihna
nalt
ltaa ra
rasp
spdl
dlsh
shmf
mfas
as,, bubuhl
hled
ed
trhmhkhedr qua utifizh huxifihras, buhled ghyhl naeihed nhlidmrhs `rhueufalths.
sòfd ghl dmtalied fh hprdmhbiòl tèbith eaf
anpfahedr, sajûl fh eispdsibiòl `ilhf eaf Hrt. 85. Fds trhmhkhedras hf sarvibid ea ul
hrtîtîbu
hr bufd
fd hlhlta
tariridr
dr,, titiaala
lall pd
pdea
earr ph
phrh
rh
parbimir fh ranularhbiòl bdrraspdleialta anpfahedr qua ghyh bdltrhthed dmrhs pdr
hf trhmhkd rahfiz
rahfizhedhed al bdlkul
bdlkultd,
td, nialtrhs su pr prdp
dpih
ih bu
bual
alth
th al ma
mala
la`i`ibi
bidd ea ul
fdss trh
fd rhmh
mhkh
khed
edra
rass su summdrdrei
eilh
lhed
edss d fd fdss tarbard, tialal earabgd ea axijir ea asta
huxifihras ld eal h bdldbar hf anpfahedr ûftitind
ûf nd qu
quaa ra
rata
talj
ljhh af in
inpd
pdrtrtaa ea fh
fhss
fhs bdleibidlas al qua prasthl sus ratrimubidlas eavaljhehs al ulh ea fhs
sarvibids. `abghs `ikhehs phrh af phjd, sianpra qua
asta phjd ld ghyh sied gabgd pdr af
anpfahedr al fh `drnh ileibheh.
Hrt. 8=
Hrt. 8=.. Ld sdsdll il
ilttar
arna
naei
eihr
hrid
ids,
s, si
sild
ld
anpfhedras, fds qua bdltrhthl dmrhs d
phrtas ea dmrhs al mala`ibid ea dtrd phrh Al asta bhsd, fds trhmhkhedras quaehrèl
uthhrfhs pdr bualth prdpih y sil sumrdjheds al fds earabgds ea su
akabut
sukabiòl h ésta. anpfahedr `ralta hf tarbard.

Ril anmhrjd, sdl iltarnaeihrids y Fds phjds gabgds pdr af tarbar ardd hf
sdfifieh
sd ehririhn
hnal alta
ta rarasp
spdl
dlsh
shmf
mfas
as bd bdll af bdltrhtisth hltas ea fh dpdsibiòl ea fds
trhmhkhedras pderèl kusti`ibhrsa pdr tdeds
bdlt
bd ltrhrhtitist
parsdlhs sthhquad ldan
anpf
pfah
ahed
edrr pr
eispdljhl pril
eailbi
biph
phf,f, fh
afanaltdsfhss fds naeids y sil raquisitd ea `abgh biarth.
d bdleibidlas prdpihs phrh bunpfir fhs
dmfijhbidlas qua earival ea fhs Af tarbard ld phjhrè h fds trhmhkhedras
rafhbidlas bdl sus trhmhkhedras. sild al virtue ea saltalbih dpdlimfa hf
bdltrhtisth d bdl af bdlsaltinialtd ea
Hrt. 82. Rianpra qua ulh d nès asta ûftind.
anpr
an pras
ashs
hs,, hu
hulq
lqua
ua bhbheh
eh ul ulhh ea af
affh
fhss
tuvi
tuvias
asaa papars
rsdl
dlhf
hfie
iehe
he ku
kurîrîei
eibh
bh pr
prdp
dpih
ih,, Af anpfahedr pderè prdmhr pdr tdeds fds
astuviasal mhkdeafhdtrhs,
henilistrhbiòl eirabbiòl,
d ea bdltrdf
thf ndedd naeids af phjd qua gumiara gabgd hf
bdltrhtisth d hkustard hltas ea rabimir fh
rafhbidlhehs qua bdlstituyhl ul bdlkultd ldti`ibhbiòl ea fds trhmhkhedras.
==
 

EA]ABGDR HEXQI]IEDR eaf shfhrfd qua parbimîh af trhmhkhedr y af

Af earabgd h rabfhnh nhrr qua tiala af tianpd ea eurhbiòl al af trhmhkd y ld
trhmhkhedr al bhsd ea Easpied inpd
in pdrt
rthr
hrè,
è, sî fdfdss sa
sarv
rvib
ibid
idss prpras
asth thed
edss
Kust
Ku sti`i`iibh
bhed
ed,, sa mhsh
mhshrrè sdf
dfdd al ‖Fds `uar
`u ardl
dl pdpdrr ul tétérn
rnil
ildd il
il`a
`ariridr
dr h tra rass
nasas, puas astds earabgds sa dmtialal
trhmhkhedr.Hequirieds„,   qua taljh eibgd
Earabgds ilnaeihthnalta.
Ld eamal bdl`uleirsa bdl fhs
prasthbidlas, puas asths bdltrhrid h fds
Al nhtarih fhmdrhf, sa puaea eabir qua fds earabgds hequirieds, sdfd mala`ibihl hf
earabgds hequirieds sdl; hquaf bdlkultd trhmhkhedr al bhsd ea qua af anpfahedr
ea earabgds qua lhbal al af ndnaltd akarzh af eashgubid, einisiòl, d nuarh, y
qua sa eh ilibid h fh rafhbiòl ea trhmhkd y fhss nè
fh nèss bdbdld
ldbi
bieh
ehss sdl
dl;; af hu huxixififidd ea
qua, sil inpdrthr bdnd bdlbfuyh eibgh bashltîh, y af prahvisd.
rafhbiòl, sianpra sarèl rabdldbieds pdr
af anpfahedr.
S]ARUHBIDLA
S]ARUHBIDLARR FHMD]H
FHMD]HFAR
FAR
Sdr fd qua, hulqua fh rafhbiòl fhmdrhf Fhs prasthbidlas fhmdrhfas sdl af earabgd
ghyh tarnilhed pdr easpied kusti`ibhed, af quaa bd
qu bdlt
ltan
anpf
pfhh af Bò
Bòei
eijd
jd Fh
Fhmd
mdrh
rhff ea
anpfahedr tiala fh dmfijhbiòl ea ]apûmfibh Ednilibhlh, y qua fa
rabdldbarfa astds earabgds hf trhmhkhedr, bdrraspdlea h fds anpfaheds
puas? pdr af sinpfa gabgd ea sar eapaleialed al fh nhlarh al fh qua sa
trhmhkhedr ea su anprash sa jalarhl fds tarnila ul bdltrhtd ea trhmhkd.
nisnds.
Hulqua af Nilistarid ea Urhmhkd bualth
Altra fds earabgds hequirieds pdeands bdl ulh bhfbufhedrh eijithf qua parnita
nalbidlhr; af shfhrid, fhs vhbhbidlas, af bdldbar af ndltd h rabimir pdr bdlbaptd
shfhrid ea lhviehe y fh phrtibiphbiòl al ea prasthbidlas, as inpdrthlta bdldbar
fds mala`ibids ea fh anprash. bònd sa bhfbufhl y ea qué eapaleal,
puas af anpfahed ld rabimirè fd nisnd al
bhsd ea ralulbih d easpied.
Eibgds Earabgds qua af anpfahedr eama
phjhr hf trhmhkhedr al bhsd ea easpied
kusti`ibhed, tialal bdnd mhsa, af ndltd Hlalbash
tasshririd
laba eda bd
hpldba
ralbar
bdld erar hf
hjuld
hfjublds
hfbsbufhté
hf rfhrnil
térn s ilds
as
ds
fajhfas qua pfhltah af Bòeijd Fhmdrhf.
=2
 

Al af ededbu
buna
nalt
ltdd fa
fajh
jhff sa prpras
asal
alth
thll
buhtrd `drnh
nhss ea bufnilhbi biòòl ea fh
rafhbiòl fhmdrhf altra af anpfahedr y af
anpfahed; Eashgubid, Easpied, Einisiòl
abhIlbhphbiehe
eh ulh ea dasnuarta.
ths fhs Eaprhbuared
asthbidlahs
vhrîhl.

KD]LHEHR
Ea hbuared hf Bòeij ijdd Fhmdr
drhhf al fh
]apû
]a pûmf
mfib
ibhh Ed
Edni
nili
libh
bhlh
lh,, fh kdrl
kdrlhe
hehh ea
trhmhkd asthmfabieh as ea 55 gdrhs
sanhlhfas,
bilbd eivieiehs ea
eîhs fhmdrhfas pra`arimfanalta al
dbgd gdrhs bheh
uld, buhtrd gdrhs af eîh sèmhed bdl ulh
kdrlheh ghsth af naeideîh, y af eîh
edniljd fimra.

=5
 

AF BÒEIJD U]IMQUH]ID
EDNILIBHLD / AF IR] / IUMIR / IP
IPRR
RR /
DU]DR.
AF B ÒEI JD U] I M QUH] I D
Hrt. 8.- Af Uîtufd I asthmfaba fhs Sèrrh`d.- Buhled fhs `drnhs kurîeibhs sahl
eisp
eispds
dsib
ibid
idla
lass ja jala
larh
rhfa
fass hp
hpfifibh
bhmf
mfas
as h nhli`i`iaasthnalta ilhprdpihehs h fh
tdeds fds trimutds iltarlds lhbidlhfas y h rahfiehe ea fds gabgds jrhvheds y affd sa
fhs raf
rafhbi
hbidla
dlass kur
kurîei
îeibhs
bhs ana
anarjal
rjaltastas ea trheuzbh al ulh eisnilubiòl ea fh buhltîh
affds. ea fhs dmfijhbidlas, fh fay trimuthrih sa
Fds Uîtufds II III y IP bdrraspdleal hf hpfibhrè prasbileialed ea thfas `drnhs.
Inpu
In puas
astd
td sd
sdmr
mraa fh ]a]alt
lth,
h, hf In Inpu
puas
astd
td
sdmra Urhls`aralbihs ea Mialas Hrt. 2.- PIJALBIH EA FH FAY U]IMQUH]IH
Ileustrihfizheds y Rarvibids y hf Inpuastd AL AF UIANSD. EA]ABGD RQSFAUD]ID.
Rafabtivd ea Bdlsund, raspabtivhnalta.
Bheh Uîtufd sumsijuialta bdrraspdlearè, h Fh fay trimuthrih qua eardjh ulh hltaridr
bheh uld ea fds inpuastds qua sarèl sa hpfibhrè h fds gabgds jalarhedras qua
ilbdrpdrheds h asta Bòeijd al fh naeieh ld sa ghl par`abbidlhed h su `abgh ea
qua hvhlba af prdbasd ea fh ]a`drnh altrheh al vijalbih, yh qua fds nisnds
Urimuthrih. raquiaral af trhlsbursd ea ul parîded ea
tianpd al af buhf sa prdeuzbh su

Hrt. =.- @D]NHR KQ]ÎEIBHR. `ilhfizhbiòl.

Fhs `drnhs kurîeibhs hedpthehs pdr fds
bdltrimuyaltas ld dmfijhl h fh
Henilistrhbiòl Urimuthrih, fh buhf pderè
htrimuir h fhs situhbidlas y hbtds
dburrieds ulh sijli`ibhbiòl hbdrea bdl fds
gabgds, buhled ea fh fay trimuthrih surkh
quaa af ga
qu gabg
bgdd ja
jala
larh
rhed
edrr `u
`uaa ea
ea`i`ili
lied
ed
htal
htalei
eial
aled
ed h fh rarahf
hfie
iehe
he.. Al bh
bhnm
nmid id,,
buhled af gabgd jalarhedr as ea`ilied
htaleialed h fh `drnh kurîeibh, eamarè
htalarsa h asth.
=1
 

AF I ] R
Af IR] as ul inpuastd qua sa hpfibh sdmra • Fds bhpithfas ndmifihrids bdnd;
tded iljrasd, utifiehe d mala`ibid iltarasas, rajhfîhs, phrtibiphbiòl al
dm
dmta
tali
lied
ed,, Kurîeibhs,
Sarsdlhs sahh pd
sa pdrr al
Sars
Sarsdl
uldlhs
hs @î@îsi
parîdedsibh
bhss d
`isbhf utifiehe
ea mialaseanuamfas,
sdbiaeheas, hrralehnialtds
earabgds y dtrds.
eatarnilhed. Al af bhsd ea fhs Sarsdlhs • Hrralehnialtds y fdbhbiòl ea
@îsibhs d Lhturhfas af parîded `isbhf as ilnuamfas.
aquivhfalta
aquivhf alta hf hød bhfaleh
bhfalehrid
rid (ea alard h
eibianmra). • Fds ilbranaltds phtrindlihfas
rahfizheds.
Uded iljrasd qua bdlstituyh mala`ibid d
qua rileh ul mial d ulh hbtiviehe y tdeds • Altra dtrhs.

fds mala`ibids, utifieheas qua sa parbimhl @ualta ea ralths ea Sarsdlhs @îsibhs y

deaeavaljual,
phtrindlihsî
d bdnd rahfizfds
hedsilbranaltds
pdr af Rubasidlas Ileivishs
(Hrtîbufds =09 jrhvhehs
y =:3, Bòeijd pdr af IR]
Urimuthrid)
bdlt
bd ltririmu
muya
yalt
lta,
a, bu
buhfhfqu
quia
iarh
rh ququaa sa sahh su • Fh axpfdthbiòl eirabthnalta eaf tarrald
lhturhfazh, drijal d ealdnilhbiòl (Hrt. pdr prdpiathrids d hrralehthrids.
=07 ea fh Fay Ld. 88-9=).
• Fhs hrtas, d`ibids, prasthbidlas ea
Ra bdlsiearhl ralths fhs dmtaliehs pdr; sarvibids y dtrhs dbuphbidlas fubrhtivhs
• Af trhmhkd parsdlhf.
rahfizhehs pdr prd`asidlhfas fimarhfas.
•   Fh ax axpf
pfdt
dthb
hbiò
iòll ababdl
dlòn
ònibibhh ea td tded
ed • Hfquifar d hrralehnialtd ea ilnuamfas.
jélar
jé lard; d; bd
bdna
narbi
rbihf
hf,, il
ileu
eust
stririhf
hf,, ni
nila
larh
rh,,
hjrîbdfh, • Fdbhbiòl bdshs nuamfas, ea earabgds y
eanès.
pabuhrih, `drasthf y fh earivheh ea dtrhs
hbtivieheas ea fh qua sah titufhr. • Urhmhkd al rafhbiòl ea eapalealbih,
ilvarsidlas d jhlhlbihs `ilhlbiarhs al af
•  Fh prasthbiòl ea sarvibids, ilbfuyaled
gdldrhrids, bdnisidlas y phrtiehs axtaridr.
sinifhras. • Iltarasas phjheds h Sarsdlhs @îsibhs
(Fay Ld. =12-8=).
•   Af akarbibid ea hbtiviehe prd`asidlhf,
hrtîstibh d sinifhr.

=0
 

AF IUMIR I P R R Y DU] DR
Af In
Inpu
puas
astd
td sd
sdmr
mraa Ur
Urhl
hls`
s`ar
aral
albi
bihs
hs ea Inpuastd ISI; Ri ustae as af prdpiathrid ea
Mialas Ileustrihfizheds y Rarvibids (IUMIR) uld d nès ilnuamfas al fh ]apûmfibh
as ul inpuastd jalarhf hf bdlsund tipd Ednilibhlh, supdlands ghmrè asbubghed
vtr
trhlhhls`
fds`ar
r aral
halbi
jrabih
jhhead in qupdrt
inpd a rthbi
sa òlhpfea
hbiòl ibh mihalas
mial fh
as hf
hfjd
jd sd
Hfjulds sdmr
mra
yha sarèl
asta
as ta axpartds
inpu
in puas
astd
tdal ea
eaf
f as
asta asth
thed
tanhed.y.
ileustrihfizheds, hsî bdnd h fh prasthbiòl dtrds pderîhl asthrsa prajulthled? Xué
ea sarvibids. as4 y/d Bònd phjhr af Inpuastd ‖ISI„   si
´Xui
´X uiél
élasas as
astè
tèll dm
dmfifijh
jhededss h ph
phjhjhrr af Easbdldbas af Phfdr ea tu Srdpiaehe4…
Af Inpuastd h fh Srdpiaehe Ilndmifihrih,
inpuastd4 Pivialeh Rultuhrih y Rdfhras Qrmhlds Ld
Fhss Sa
Fh Sars
rsdl
dlhs
hs @î @îsi
sibh
bhss (p (prd
rd`a
`asi
sidl
dlhfhfas
as Aei`i`ib
Ae ibhe
heds
ds (I(ISI
SI/I
/IPPRR
RR)) as af in inpu
puas
astd
td
fifima
marhrhfa
fas,
s, lalajd
jdbi
bids
ds ea ûl ûlib
ibdd eueuaø
aød)
d) y hpfibhmfa h fh talalbih ea fh prdpiaehe
Sarsdlh lhss Kurîrîeeibhs (R]F, AI]F y Ld ilndmifihrih al fh ]apûmfibh Ednilibhlh.
Fubrhtivhs Srivhehs), lhbidlhfas d Ru he heni
nili
list
strh
rhbi
biòl
òl asastètè h bhbhrj
rjdd ea fh
axtrhlkarhs qua rahfibal trhls`aralbihs, Eirabbiòl Jalarhf ea Inpuastds Iltarlds
inpdrthbidlas d prasthbiòl ea sarvibids (EJII).
jrhvheds.
Fhs anprashs pûmfibhs y privhehs, qua Drijilhfna
Drijil hfnalta
lta arh ‖IPRR„,   qua qu quia
iara
ra
rahf
ra hfib
ibal
al d ld hb hbtitivi
vieh
ehea
eass jrjrhv
hvhehehs
hs,, y eabir ‖Inpuastd  h fh Pivialeh Rultuhrih y
astél al fh dmfijhbiòl ea rahfizhr fdss Rd
fd Rdfh
fhra
rass Qr Qrmh
mhld
ldss ld Aei`ibheds„   y
ratalbidlas hf IUMIR ilvdfubrhed al fds fuaj
fu ajdd bh
bhnm
nmid id su ld ldnmnmra
ra h ‖ISI„   qua
sarv
sa rvib
ibid
idss ququaa fa fass sdsdll pr pras
asththed
edss pdpdrr quia
qu iara
ra eaeabi
birfrf ‖Inpuastd   hf ShtShtrirind
ndli
lidd
Sarsdlh lhss @îsibhs, hsî bdnd buhled Ilndmifihrid„,   pard hf `ilhf as fh nisnh
phju
ph jualal fh fhss prpras
asththbi
bidl
dlas
as ea sa sarv
rvib
ibid
idss bdsh! Ra fa hpfibh ul 8% ea inpuastd
prd`asidlhfas fimarhfas y ea hfquifar ea sdmra fh sunh tdthf eaf ph phttrindlid
mialas nuamfas h dtrhs sdbiaeheas bdl ilndmifihrid ea fhs Sarsdlhs @îsibhs, buyd
bhrèbtar fubrhtivd d ld. vhfd
vh fdrr sa
sahh nhnhyd ydrr ea ]E]E$:
$:,8
,827
27,2
,27575.7
.73.
3.
Hltas asth bi`rh arh nhs mhkh ea
]E$1,333,333.33, pard fh fay sa ndei`ibò
h luastrd `hvdr. Uhnmiél sa hpfibh asta
inpu
in puas
astd
td sd sdmrmraa fd
fdss as
asth
thmf
mfab
abin
inia ialt
ltds
ds
bdnarbihfas
prdpiaehe eaprd`asidlhfas
arssadlileustrihfas,
fhs par hs `îsibhs,
ileapaleialtanalta ea su umibhbiòl (Fay
87-77 e/` 89/38/8977).
=:
 

RAJQ]IEHE AL DM]HR
Fh sa saju
juririeh
ehee al fh fhss dm
dmrrhs bi bivivifa
fass as •   Bhsbd; Eama sar ul bhsd rasistalta
rasistalta y ld
`ulehnalthf phrh juhrehr fh iltajriehe ea par`drhed.
fds trhmhkhedras y akabuthr fds trhmhkds ea •

nakdr `drnh. Mdths; Eamal sar ‖ea trhmhkd„ y bdl suafh

hlti-earrhphlta.
Bdnd tdeds shmands ulh dmrh d ul sitid •  Faltas; Ld eamal talar par`drhbidlas.
edlea sa astè bdlstruyaled, as ul fujhr
•  Juhltas; Inpdrthltas si sa trhmhkh al
nuyy pa
nu pafifijr
jrds
dsdd y ea eamman
ands
ds td tdnhnhrr fhfhss
bdrta ea nhtarihfas d si sa trhmhkh bdl
naei
na eieh
ehss pr prav
aval
altitivh
vhss lalaba
bash shririhs
hs ph phrh
rh hbard y bdlbratd
avitithr
av hr hb
hbbi biea
eallta
tass qu quaa al bh bhsdsdss nunuyy
axttra
ax rand
ndss pu puae
aeal
al gh ghst
sthh ffffaj
ajhr
hr h sa sarr •  Bghfabd; Ri sa trhmhkh barbh ea ulh
`hthfas. bhrratarh d bhnild d si sa trhmhkh ea
ldbga as ileispalshmfa ffavhrfd, asta
Srdtabbiòl
Srdtabb iòl pars
parsdlh
dlhff eama sar ra`fabthlta.
Uded af parsdlhf qua fhmdra al dmrhs
bivi
bivifa
fass hs
hsîî bd
bdnd
nd fd fdss vi
visi
sith
thlt
ltas
as ea
eama
mall
ffavhr af aquipd mèsibd qua bdlsista al;
Bhsbd, mdths, faltas y juhltas. Af usd ea
asta aquipd eama sar dmfijhtdrid yh qua
astè eisaøhed phrh prdtajarfds ea ehøds
d fasidlas qua sa puaehl drijilhr eurhlta
fds prdbasds bdlstrubtivds, fh ravisiòl ea

asta
n aeihaquipd
lta af sapa ghba
rsdlheasea
par f ea fhsaaltrheh
jurieh
ehee
hutdrizhed.
Al bhsd ea qua af trhmhkhedr ld bunpfh
bdl fds raquisitds drealheds ea aquipd y
prdtabbiòl parsdlhf altdlbas sa fa eama
lajhr af hbbasd y fh altrheh h fh dmrh
ghsth qua bunpfh bdl astds
raquarinialtds, fhs prilbiphfas
bhrhbtarîstibhs sdl fhs sijuialtas;

=7
 

BDLRUIUQBIÒL EA BDN
BDLR BDNS
SHØ
HØÎHR
ÎHR /
UISDR
UIS DR EA
EA BDNS
BDNSHØÎ
HØÎHR
HR
Qld ea fds prinards phsds phrh hmrir ulh • Brahr fh inhjal nhrbh
bdls
bdlstr
trub
ubtd
tdrh
rh as af
afhm
hmdr
drhr
hr af as
astu
tuei
eidd ea • Eatarnilh fds rabursds labashrids
narbhed y af pfhl ea vihmifiehe.
• Afhmdrhr af hlèfisis ea bdstas
Af sijuialta phsd phrh brahr ulh anprash
Af astueid ea narbhed sa mhsh al af ea bdlstrubbiòl sarîh afhmdrhr ul Sfhl ea
astueid ea tras vhrihmfas `ulehnalthfas; anprash qua sa hpdya al af astueid ea
narbhed y af pfhl ea vihmifiehe. Al asta
•   Al
Altd
tdrl
rldd ja
jadj
djrèrè`i`ibd
bd y ab abdl
dlòn
ònib
ibd;
d; sa pultd ghy qua hbueir h fh rajfh ea fhs 5
ra`iara hf bdltaxtd qua rdeah h fh zdlh S’s;
edlea sa quiara inpfhlthr fh anprash •  Srdeubt (prdeubtd); ´qué tipd ea
•   Bfi
Bfialt
altas;
as; par
par`if
`if eaf bfi bfialt
alta,
a, ilt
iltara
arasas
sas,, aei`ibhbidlas vhs h rahfizhr4
pradbuphbidlas, livaf hequisitivd, atb. •  Sr
Srib
ibaa (p
(pra
rabi
bid)
d);; ´h qu
quéé pr
prab
abid
id vh
vhss h
•   Bd
Bdnp
npat
atal
albih
bih;; lilivavaff ea bd bdnp
npat
atal
albih
bih,, valear tus dmrhs4
inpfhlthbiòl al fh zdlh, braeimifiehe, • Sfhbanalt (anpfhzhnialtd); ´buèf vh h
prdyabtds eashrrdffheds, atb. sar af ènmitd ea hbtuhbiòl ea fh
anprash4
Af astueid ea narbhed as mèsibd phrh •

  Srdndtidl (prdndbiòl); ´qué hbbidlas

afhm
afhmdr
drhr
hr ul Sf Sfhl
hl ea vi vihm
hmififie
iehe
he.. As
Asta
ta ea nhroatilj, prdndbiòl d pumfibiehe
prdyabtd sa mhsh al af hlèfisis ea sa vhl h rahfizhr4
eivarsds hspabtds mèsibds phrh fh Astds sarèl fds binialtds mèsibds phrh
bdlstitubiòl ea fh anprash y eatarnilhr anpazhr h brahr tu anprash ea
si puaeas sar ralthmfas h `uturd; bdlstrubbiòl.
•  Ea`ilir fh astrubturh y drjhlizhbiòl
• Asthmfabar ulds dmkativds
•

  Hl
Hlèf
èfis
isis
is ea eaeami
mififieh
ehea
eas,
s, hn
hnal
alhz
hzhs
hs,,
`drthfazhs y dpdrtulieheas

=9
 

Afajirir fh `d
Afaj `drn
rnhh ku
kurîrîei
eibh
bh
Dtrd ea fds phsds pravids inprasbileimfas
phrh ghbar ulh anprash ea bdlstrubbiòl
aghmituhf
s afajiralfhulh`danprash
rnh kurîeea
ibhpaquaøh
. Fd nèds
naei
na eihl
hlhh al
alva
varj
rjhe
heur
urhh as nd
ndlt
lthr
hr ul
ulhh
Rdbiaehe Finitheh bdl vhrids sdbids.
Al tded bhsd, puaeas afajir fh `drnh
kurîeibh qua nakdr sa hehpta h tu ndeafd
ea lajdbid.

UISD
UISDRR EA BD
BDNS
NSHØ
HØÎH
ÎH

Fds tipds ea bdlstrubbiòl sdl;

• Bdlstrubbiòl ]asiealbihf
• Bdlstrubbiòl Bdnarbihf
• Bdlstrubbiòl Ileustrihf
• Bdlstr
 Bdlstrubbiòl
ubbiòl ea Dmrhs pûmfibh
pûmfibhss
• Bdlstrubbidlas Ilstitubidlhfas

Af dm
dmka
katitivd
vd pr
pril
ilbi
biph
phff ea ul
ulhh an
anpr
pras
ashh
bdlstrubtdrh sarè altrajhr sus prdeubtds
d sarvibids ea hbuared hf prdyabtd qua sa
gh trhmhkhed y fd qua nhrbh af bdltrhtd
asthmfabied. Heanès ea buiehr fh
sajuriehe ea sus trhmhkhedras y ea fhs
parsdlhs ilvdfubrhehs al fh dmrh.

23
 

NHLQHF EA UH]I@HR Y
]ALEINIALUDR EA FH RAB]AUH]IH
EA U]HM
U]HMHKD
HKD
Fh Fay lûnard 0=33 ea == ea @AM]A]D ea Hrtîbufd 2; ‖Udeh   dmrh ea Iljaliarîh d
8902, ra`drnheh pdr fh fay 12 ea 5 ea Hrqu
Hrquititabt
abtur
urhh qua sa ak
akabu
abuta
ta al af ph phîs
îs,,
`amrard ea 8902, pdr fh buhf sa rajufh af eamarè asthr, sajûl su lht htuurhfazh,
akarbibid ea fhs prd`asidlas ea iljaliarîh, mhkd
mh kd fh ras raspd
pdls
lshm
hmififie
iehe
he téb
tébli
libh
bh eaea ul
hrquitabturh y fh hjrinalsurh asthmfaba iljaliaiarrd d ul Hrquitabtd d ea ulh
qua; anprash qua taljh h su sarvibid
prd`asidlhfas ieòlads„.

BHSIU
BHS IUQF
QFDD I BHSIUQFD
BHSIU QFD II
Hrtîbufd 8; Fay 0=33, hrt.8 ‖Af akarbibid ea
fh iljaliarîh, hrquitabturh, fh Hrtîbufd 5; FAY LQN. 0803, ndei`ibhed
hjrinalsurh y prd`asidlas h`ilas al fh pdr fh fay Ld. 0=38 ‖Brahsa   phrh fds
]apumfibh Ednilibhlh, sa rajirè pdr fhs a`abtds ea asth Fay, Af Bdfajid
prasbripbibiddlas ea asth fay 0=33, af Ednilibhld ea iljaliards, hrquitabtds y
]ajf
]a jfhn
hnal
altdtd IlIlta
tarl
rldd As
Asth
thtu
tuththriridd y fhfhss hjrinalsdras, BDEIH, qua asthrè rajied
ldrnhs
ldr nhs ea Étibh
Étibh Srd`asid
Srd`asidlhf
lhf eaf Bdf Bdfaji
ajidd ulh Kulth
Kulth Eirabtivh
Eirabtivh Lhbid
Lhbidlhf
lhf bdnpuasth
bdnpuasth
Ednilibhld ea iljaliards, hrquitabtds y pdr siata nianmrd
nianmrdss raprasalthltas
raprasalthltas ea fhs
hjrinalsdras BDEIH. eistilths prd`asidlas qua fd bdlstituyal.
Hrtîbufd =; Fay 0=33, hrt.= ‖Shrh  akarbar Hrtîbufd 1; ]ajfhnaltd Iltarld
al af tarritdrid ea fh ]apumfibh Asthtuthrid, hrt. =.38, hbèpita j; ‖Rarèl
Ednilibhlh fhs prd`asidlas ea htrimubidlas eaf Bdfajid Ednilibhld ea
Iljaliards, Hrquitabtds, Hjrinalsdras y iljaliards, hrquitabtds y hjrinalsdras y
Srd`asidlas H`ilas, sa raquiara fh ea su Kulth Eirabtivh; ‖]ajufhr  naeihlta
pdsasiòl ea ul Axaquètur axpaeied pdr af rasdfubidlas hprdmhehs pdr Fh Hshnmfah
Sdea
Sd earr AkAkab
abut
utiv
ivd.
d. As Asth
th sd
sdfifibi
bitu
tuee ea eama
ma ea ]apras
]aprasal
alth
thlt
ltas
as,, td
tded
ed fd ra
ra`a
`ara
ralta
lta h
ghbarsa pdr bdleubtd eaf Bdfajid fds Gdl
Gdldrh
drhrid
ridss Srd
Srd`as
`asidl
idlhfa
hfass y Rua
Ruafed
fedss
Ednilibhld ea iljaliards, hrquitabtds y Nîlinds qua ghl ea rajir al al af akarbibid
akarbibid
hjririna
hj nals
lsdr
dras
as,, hlhlax
axèl
èled
edsa
sa h af affh
fh af ea fhs raspabtivhs prd`asidlas„.
eipfdnh d barti`ibhed bdrraspdleialta, h
titufd eavdfutivd
28
 

Hrtîbufd 0; Fh fay 0803, al su hrtîbufd. Ld. UH]I

UH]I@H
@H AL @Q
@QLB
LBIÒ
IÒL
L EA
EAFF PH
PHFD
FD]]
0, hbèpita B, ‖Af  Bdfajid Ednilibhld ea
iljali
iljaliard
ards,
s, hrq
hrquit
uitabt
abtds
ds y hjr
hjrina
inalsdr
lsdras
as
talerè bdnd `ilas prilbiphfas; prdpujlhr Fh Uhri`h al `ulbiòl eaf Phfdr sa hpfibh hf
pdr af asthmfabinialtd ea ldrnhs bdlkultd ea sarvibids iltajrhfas ea Eisaød
téblibhs,
qua eamarèlfajhfas,
eamarèl rajiraspabi`ibhbidlas
rh ea fhsy `hsas
buhfquiarh
buhfquia fayass
`hsa Hrarnquuiltaabrhtòbliòibld apldr fdsfds buhsfaarsvibidfhs
ea fh afhmdrhbiòl ea prdyabtds y prd`asidlhfas eaf Hrquitabtd astè
akabubiòl ea dmrhs, hsî bdnd su kusthnalta raprasaltheh pdr ulh
bdltrhthbiòl„. prdpdrb rbiiòl eaf Phfdr eaf Srdya yabbtd h
eash
ea shrr
rrdfdffh
fhr.r. As af titipd
pd ea th thriri`h
`hss ququaa
Ra Asthmfaba qua;
eash
ea shrr
rrdfdffh
fhra
randndss al asasta
ta th
thriri`h
`hririds
ds ea
‖Af   Bdfaji
Bdfajidd Edni
Ednilib
libhld
hld ea ilj
iljalia
aliards
rds,, gdldrhrids ea fh Hrquitabturh.
hrquitabtds y hjrinalsdras y su Kulth
Af Hrqui
Hrquitabtdtabtd Hutdr eaf Srdyab
Srdyabtd
td parbi
parbimirè
mirè
Eirabtivh Lhbidlhf, hsî bdnd fhs
Eirabbidlas ]ajidlhfas, vafhrèl pdr FH ysusfhsgdldrhrids
eispds
eis ea
pdsibi hbuared
ibidlas
dlas bdl thrihs
supfanal
supfa fhsihs
nalthr thrahs
qua
AFHMD]HBIDL Y @IAF BQNSFINIALUD ea
sa asthmfabal al asta Hrhlbaf,
fh Uhri`h Nîlinh ea Gdldrhrids
bdnputheds al `drnh hbunufhtivh sdmra
Srd`asidlhfas pdr sarvibids ea iljaliarîh,
af bdstd tdthf ea fh dmrh. Axtrhîed asta
hrquitabturh, Hjrinalsurh y ]hnhs h`ilas
bdsta eaf prabid pdr natrd buherhed eaf
y, hpfibhrèl fhs shlbidlas
vhfdr eaf prdyabtd, ea hbuared h fh
bdrr
bd rras
aspd
pdle
leia
ialt
ltas
as h fds fds prprd`
d`as
asid
idlh
lhfa
fass
sijuialta thmfh, sil inpdrthr fh tipdfdjîh
qua vidfal fh thri`h asthmfabieh, h trhvés
ea fh dmrh h eisaøhr, hpfibhmfa h tded
eaf Urimulhf Eisbipfilhrid d Fh Bdnisiòl
prdyabtd ea bdlstrubbiòl
ea Ea`alsh, sajûl af bhsd„.

UISD
UISDRR EA UH
UH]I
]I@H
@HRR S]ABID ARUINHED EAF N= EA
BDLRU]QBBIDL
BDLRU]QBB IDL al fh ]AS EDN
Asta rajfhnaltd asthmfaba buhtrd
tipdfdjîhs ea ranularhbiòl eaf Hrquitabtd
naeihlta thri`hs; 8. LIPAF
Uhri`h al @ulbiòl eaf Phfdr, ABDLDNIBD…………………………..
]E$ 85.333 C ]E$ 80.333 / N=
Uhri`h pdr Gdrh,
Bdstds ]aanmdfshmfa nès Uhri`h
= .LIPAF
Uhri`h Astèlehr. NAEID……….………………………
…..]E$ 87.333 C ]E$ =3.333 / N= 2=
 

2 .LIPAF Af Hrquitabtd a`abtuhrè astds sarvibids al

RQSA]ID]……….…………………… `ulbiòl ea ul vhfdr ulithrid mhshed al af
…]E$ =3.333 C ]E$ =5.333 / N= tianpd ea akabubiòl pdr af Hrquitabtd y su
parsdlhf.

5. LIPAF Uhri`hs pdr gdrh ea sarvibid d pdr bdlsufth

FQKD……….………………………… sajûl fh ndehfiehe ea a`abtuhr af
…..]E$ =0.333 C ]E$ 2=.333 / N= sarvibid
Uhri`h Nîlinh pdr Gdrh.
S]D@ARIDLHF U H] I@HR H AL EQA]H EA
EIRUHLBIH D@IBILH D@IBILH
Fh Uhri`h nililh pdr Gdrh sa hpfibh h fds
sarv
sarvib
ibid
idss pr
prd`
d`as
asid
idlh
lhfa
fass qu
quaa titial
alal
al ul H]XQIUABUD $=,133 $8,133 $=,333
ènmitd, eurhbiòl d hfbhlba ilea`ilied d h
hquaffds
eatarnilhrsarvibids
d hbdrehralbdl quahltibiphbiòl
ld sa puaeal sus
fînitas, prdjrhnh y dmkativds d al fds
buhfas af Bfialt ltaa raquiar araa nè nèxxinh
`faximifiehe phrh hkusthr af prdjrhnh al Bdstd
Bdstdss nès Uhr
Uhri`i`hh ]aanm
]aanmdf
dfshm
shmfa
fa
buhf
bu hfqu
quiaiarr ndndnanaltdltd.. Ra as asth
thmf
mfab
abaa ul ulhh
Uhri`h pdr Gdrh bdnd nabhlisnd hftarld Fh Uhri
Uhri`h
`h ]aan
]aanmd
mdfs
fshm
hmfa
fa sa hpfihpfibh
bh h
ea raranunula larh
rhbi
biòl
òl ea eaff Hr
Hrqu
quititab
abtd
td.. AsAsthth hquaffds sarvibids ilbiealthfas,
ndehfiehe ea thri`h sa asthmfaba bdltiljaltas, inpraeabimfas d
prilbiphfnalta phrh bdlsufths bdnpfanalthrids qua akabuth af
prd`asidlhfas qua af Bfialta sdfibith hf Hrquitabtd, bdl sus prdpids rabursds, phrh
Hrqu
Hr quititab
abtd
td phphrh
rh dm dmtatala
larr ul ulhh dp dpililiò
iòll fds
fds bu
buhf
hfas
as ea
eama
ma rab
rabdm
dmrh
rhrr fd
fdss bd
bdsstds
tds
bhfi`ibheh. ilburrieds nès ulh ranularhbiòl
hprdpiheh pdr su as`uarzd
Fh UhUhriri`h
`h pd pdrr GdGdrh
rh ld il ilbf
bfuy
uyaa bd bdst
stds
ds
eirabtds
eirabt ds ea ilsunds
ilsunds,, nhtarih
nhtarihfas,fas, phshkas, Uhri`h
Uhri`h Astè
Astèleh
lehrr
pahk
pa hkas
as,, th thsh
shss pdpdrr tr trèn
ènititas,
as, trtrhl
hlspspdrdrta
ta,,
nhlutalbi biòòl, gdspaehka, viètibds, Fh Uhri`h Astèlehr as ea tipd jfdmhf y sa
bdls
bd lsun
unim imfa
fas,
s, sh shfh
fhririds
ds,, prpras
asth
thbi
bidl
dlasas y eald
ealdni
nilh
lh al ndla
ndlaeh
eh ea bi birb
rbuf
ufhb
hbiò
iòll
jhst
jh stds
ds ea dt dtrd
rdss ax
axpa part
rtds
ds,, bdbdls
lsufuftd
tdra
ras,
s,
hsas
hs asdr
dras
as,, hyhyue
uehlhltatass y ean eanès ès parsdlh
parsdlhff d`ibihf.
sarvibidsRaeahpfibh h hquaffdsy trhmhkds
tipd raburralta qua astèly
qua sa raquiarh . jalarhfnalta mial ea`ilieds y phrh fds
22
 

buhfas sa gh iealti`ibhed ul nd ndlltd

hmsd
hmsdfu
futd
td y as
astè
tèle
lehr
hr qu
quaa ra
ranu
nula
larh
rh hf
Hrquitabtd pdr af vhfdr qua hpdrth y fd
bdnpalsh pdr fds bdstds al qua ilburra.

Udehs fhs thri`hs qua sa eathffhl al asta

]ajfhnaltd ea Uhri`hs eamal sar
Bdlsiearhehs fhs nîlinhs d Uhri`hs Mhsa,
bdl qua sa eamal ranularhr fds sarvibids
prd`asidlhfas eaf Hrquitabtd.

25
 

BDLBFQRIÒL

@ilhfnalta, fuajd ea rahfizhed af il`drna ilvastijhtivd yh sa bdldba ulh phrta nuy

inpdrthlta y `ulehnalthf qua tded prd`asidlhf eama ea bdldbar, yh qua as hfjd
qua `drnhrh phrta ea tdeh luastrh vieh prd`asidlhf y easbdldbarfds lds fhlzhrîh hf
`rhbhsd, pdr fd thltd fds bdldbinialtds dmtalieds h trhvés ea asta il`drna ghl sied
`ulehnalthfas y hbfhrhedras phrh fds qua gands talied euehs y tandr ea
fhlzhrlds hf nuled prd`asidlhf eaf bhnpd hrquitabtòlibh.
Fh ph
phrt
rtaa ea fd
fdss bd
bdst
stds
ds y prpras
asup
upua
uast
stds
ds h pa
pash
shrr ea gh
ghma
marfrfhh as
astu
tuei
eihe
hedd bd
bdll
hltaridriehe lulbh sa fa ghmrîh prasthed fh htalbiòl qua asth raquiara, yh qua as
ulh phrta `ulehnalthf ealtrd ea buhfquiar prdyabtd d dmrh hrquitabtòlibh y ulh
vaz astd as ffavhed hf bhnpd nhs fajhf altdlbas asta tanh saøhfh ulh phrta
inpdrthlta ea tded akarbibid prd`asidlhf

21
 

MIMFIDJ]H@ÎH
ZIBIUAB. ( 31 ea ldvianmra =387). Bds
Bdstd
tdss ei
eira
rabt
btds
ds a il
ilei
eira
rabt
btds
ds ea ul
ulhh dm
dmrh
rh biviff . Af d`ibihf. ]abuparhed ea;
bivi
gttps;//afd`ibihf.ab/ndeufd-2-hlhf
gttps;//afd`ibihf.ab/ndeufd-2-hlhfisis-ea-bdstds
isis-ea-bdstds-bdstds-ei
-bdstds-eirabtds-a-ilei
rabtds-a-ileirabtds-ea-ul
rabtds-ea-ulh-dmrh-bivi
h-dmrh-bivif/f/

NH]ÎH ARUAFH ]H@@ILD. (=1 ea eibianmra eaf =3=3).  B d lba

lbapp td
td e a bdstdd .
bdst Bdlbaptd ea. ]abuparhed ea;
gttps;//bdlbaptd.ea/bdstd/

SAE]DRH, RUAPAL (89 ea dbtumra eaf =381).   Jhstds. Abdl

Abdldn
dnip
ipae
aeih
ih.. ]ab
]abup
upar
arhe
hedd ea
ea;;
gttps;//abdldnipaeih.bdn/ea`ilibidlas/jhstd.gtnf

RQNQS. (s.`).   Il j ra s d - ´X ué
as-ul-iljrasd ué a s u l il j r a s d 4 . Eamitddr. ]abuparhed ea; 
ea;  gttps;//eamitdd
gttps;//eamitddr.as/
r.as/jfdshrid/qua-

NH]ÎHH AR
NH]Î ARUA
UAFH
FH ]H]H@@
@@IL
ILD.
D. (2
(233 ea ku
kuli
lidd ea =3
=3=3
=3).).   ]althmifiehe. Bdlba
Bdlbaptd.
ptd.ea.
ea. ]abup
]abupareh
arehed
ed ea;
gttps;//bdlbaptd.ea/ralthmifiehe/

FFH
FHNH
NHR,R, KDLDLHHUG
UGHHL. (=3=3=3
=3)). eaea`i`ili
libi
bidl
dlas
as ea bd bdst
stdds. Ab Abdl
dldn
dniipa
paei
eih.
h. ]a ]abu
bupparh
rheed ea ea;;
gttps;//abdldnipaeih.bdn/ea`ilibidlas/bdstds-
`ilhlbiards.gtnf#;~;taxt>Fds
`ilhlbiards.gtnf#;~;taxt>Fds%=3bdstds%=3
%=3bdstds%=3`ilhlbiards%=3
`ilhlbiards%=3sdl%=3hquaffds,
sdl%=3hquaffds,pr%B2%H9sthn
pr%B2%H9sthnds%=3d%=3 ds%=3d%=3
br%B2%H9eitds%=B%=3altra%=3dtrds..
br%B2%H9eitds%=B%=3altra%=3dtrds
SÉ]A[, HLH. (=2 ea ldvianmra eaf =38:).
=3 8:). P HL
HL y U I]
I] , e ds
ds g ar
arrh
rhni
niaa lth
lthss p hrh
hrh fh vi
vihh mif
mifiie he
he e a u lh
lh il va
va rsi
rsiòò l.
l.

Dms musilass sbgddf. ]abuparhed ea;gttps;//w

phrh-fh-vihmifiehe-ea-ulh- gttps;//www.dmsmusilass.sbg
ww.dmsmusilass.sbgddf/mfdj/vhl-y
ddf/mfdj/vhl-y-tir-eds-g
-tir-eds-garrhnialths
arrhnialths--
ilvarsidl#;~;taxt>Af%=3PHL%
ilvarsidl#;~;taxt>Af%=3PHL%=3y%=3af%=3UI]%=
=3y%=3af%=3UI]%=3sdl%=3eds%=3
3sdl%=3eds%=3`%B2%M2rnufhs%
`%B2%M2rnufhs%=3`ilhlbiarhs%
=3`ilhlbiarhs%==
3anpfahehs,fh%=3Uhsh%=3Iltarlh%=3ea%=3]atdrld.

]aehbb
]aeh bbiò
iòll mi
mits
tstr
trah
ahn.
n. (s(s.`.`).).   Bd al e h b id l a s . ]a
B d l b f u s id l a s y ra b d n al ]api
pisi
sitd
tdririd.
d.as
aspa
pa.. ]a
]abu
bupa
parh
rhed
ed
ea;gttps;//rapdsitdrid.aspa.aeu.ab/
ea;gttps;//rapdsitdrid.aspa.aeu.ab/mitstrahn/=8
mitstrahn/=8333/828=/:/U-ARSA
333/828=/:/U-ARSA-38:357-1.pe`
-38:357-1.pe`

XQINILAU. (=38=).   An
An p ra s h s b d l s tru b t d r h s . Xuinilat. ]abuparhed ea;
gttps;//www.quinilat.bdn/anprashs
gttps;//www.quinilat.bdn/anprashs/anprashs-bdls
/anprashs-bdlstrubtdrhs-
trubtdrhs-=:203=5.gtn
=:203=5.gtn

20
 

S]DJ]HNHBIÒL EA NAS]DRH .(=389)  B h rh rh b t a rrîîs t ib h s e a fd s p rrdd y a b t d s e a d mmrr h b iv i f.

Naprdsh Bdlstrubbidlas. ]abuparhed ea;
gttps;//naprdshbdlstrubbidlas.nx/bhrhbtaristibhs-ea-fds-prdyabtds-ea-dmrh-bivif/

Drjhlizhbi
Drjhl izhbiòlòl Iltarlhbidl
Iltarlhbidlhf hf eaf Urhmh
Urhmhkd.
kd. (=339)
(=339)..   B ò e ij d e a U r h m h kd e a fh ] a p û m fib h
E d n il ib h l h F a y 8 0 - 9 = e a f = 9 e a n h y d , 8 9 9 = . Za
Zam.
m. Hrbgiv
Hrbgiva. a. ]abupa
]abuparhed
rhed ea;
gttps;//wam.hrbgiva.drj/wam/=33935=7381087/gttp;//www.biltar`dr.drj.uy/pumfib/sphli
sg/rajidl/hnprd/biltar`dr/tanhs/ydutg/a
sg/rajidl/ hnprd/biltar`dr/tanhs/ydutg/avaltds/rapTedn/ii/v/ilea
valtds/rapTedn/ii/v/ileax.gtn x.gtn
ND]IFFD, RQ]IAF. (=3=3).  E ar a r a b g d s e a f t r h m h k h e d r a l b h s d e a e a s p ie d k u s t i `i b h e d a l
r a p û m fib h e d n il ib h l h . Ndriffd suriaf hmdjheds ]abuparhed ea ;
gttps;//ndriffdsuriafhmdjheds.bdn/earabgds-eaf-trhmhkhedr-al-bhsd-ea-easpied-
kusti`ibhed-al-rapumfibh-
ednilibhlh/#;~;taxt>Al%=3nhtarih%=3fhmdrhf%=B%=3sa%=3puaea,sar%B2%H8l%=3
rabdldbieds%=3pdr%=3af%=3anpfahedr..
rabdldbieds%=3pdr%=3af%=3anpfahedr

RA]JID BIE RDFHLD. (=387).   ´Rh´Rhma

mass bònd
bònd bhf
bhfbuf
bufhr tus pr
pras
asth
thbi
bidl
dlas
as fhm
hmdr
drhf
hfas4. Fistil
as4.
Eihr
Eihrid
id.. ]a
]abu
bupa
parhe
rhedd ea;
ea;   gttps;//fistileihrid.bdn/abdldnih/=387/32/8=/130378/shmas-
bdnd-bhfbufhr-tus-prasthbidlas-fhmdrhfas
H]I[H, JQ[NHL. (s.` ).   E a ra b g d e a U r h m h kd . Er
Er.f.fhhwyar
wyar.. ]abu
]abupa
parh
rheed ea;
ea;
gttps;//erfhwyar.bdn/asphldf/earabgd-ea-trhmhkd/

GA]LHLEA[
GA]LHL EA[ BDLU]A
BDLU]A]HR.
]HR. (s.`
(s.`).).   B ò e ij d tr im u t h rid e a fh ] a p û m fib h E d n il ib h l h .
Garl
Garlhl
hlea
eazb
zbdl
dltra
trarh
rhs.
s. ]abup
]abupar
arhe
hedd ea; ea;   gttp;//garlhleazbdltrarhs.ed/Edbs/Edvilat-
51b5598e-ah=b-52`:-7maa-953mm3b0bhm9.pe`

]APIRUH EJII. (=3=8).   ] a v is th In ppuu a s t d R d m r a fh ] a l th p h r h S a rs d l h @ îs ib h . EJII.

]abuparhed
ea;gttps;//ejii.jdv.ed/pumfibhbidlasD`ibihfas/mimfidtabhPirtuhf/bdltrimuyaltas/isr/IR]%=
3Sarsdlh%=3@sibh/=-]avisth-IR]-Sarsdlhs-@isibhs.pe`

S]DSIAEHEAR AL ]ASÛMFIBH EDNILIBHLH. (=385).   R h m a s a f P hf

hf d r e a t u S r d p ia e h e y s i
Shjh af In p u a s t d IS I4 . Srdpiaeheas al ].E. rabuparhed
ea;gttp;//prdpiaeheasalrapumfibhednilibhlh.bdn/vhfdr-ea-fh-prdpiaehe-y-si-phjh-
inpuastd-ipi/8

KDRA A. RHFH[H] --KDRA NAEILH @QRUA]. (=381).   ]ajfh]ajfhnal

naltd
td ea Uhri
Uhri`h
`hss y Gd
Gdld
ldrh
rhri
rids
ds
Nîliinds Srd`
Nîl Srd`as
asiidlhf
dlhfas
as ea Hrqu
Hrquit
itab
abtu
turh
rh Al ]ap
]apum
umffibh Ed
Edni
nili
libh lh.. Jddjfa usar bdltalt.
bhlh
]abuparhed ea;
gttp;//wambhbga.jddjfausarbdltalt.bdn/sahrbg4q>bhbga;`tj7@i1@r1HK;nhhiedn.waamfy.
bdn/upfdhes/7/=/8/2/7=82359=/thri`hTeaTfdsTprd`asidlhfasTeaTfhThrquitabturh-
TshfhzhrTTT8TTT8T.edbx+&be>8&gf>as&bt>bflo&jf>ed
2: