Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

<.- Lrquitdm
<.- Lrquitdmturl
turl nd gls lpgimlmiabds
lpgimlmiabds wdh rimls
rimls nd Ibtdrbdt (XIL)
(XIL) L@LV
L@LV,,
tdmbagaeïls, mlrlmtdrïstimls y cubmiabloidbta.
cubmiabloidbta.

Crdbtd l dsta dstì ggdelbna mab hlstlbtd cudrzl gl tdmbagaeïl L@LV, gl mulg ds ubl
odzmgl nd > tdmbagaeïls, @lvl ]mript, VOG, dg ah`dta xogFttpXdqudst y dg Oandga nd
Ah`dt
h`dtas
as nd Namu
Namuod
odbt
bta
a (NAO
(NAO).
). Ds ubl
ubl té
témb
mbim
iml
l nd ndslrr
ndslrragg
agga
a wdh 
wdh pl
plrl
rl mrdl
mrdlrr
lpgimlmiabds ibtdrlmtivls a XIL  (Ximf
  (Ximf Ibtdrbdt Lpgimlmiabds).

 Lrquitdmturl L@LV. Nlr lg usulria ubl hudbl dxpdridbmil db dg usa nd gls lpgimlmiabds
 wdh ds uba nd gas pubtas qud pdroitdb qud dstd rdtarbd l visitlrga. ^anas fdoas
dx
dxpdr
pdrio
iodbt
dbtlna
lna gls lpgiml
lpgimlmia
miabd
bdss wdh
wdh db gls qud plrl mlrelr
mlrelr ub nlta
nlta bd
bdmds
mdsitl
itloas
oas
dspdrlr l qud tanl gl pìeibl sd mlreud plrl ahtdbdr rdsugtlnas, ioleiblrsd rdmlrelr
tanl gl pìeibl par ub nlta dspdmicima ba ds rdlgodbtd lerlnlhgd, erlmils L@LV pandoas
sagvdbtlr dsta.

 L@LV ds dg lmrýbioa
lmrýbioa ibegés plrl
plrl Lsybmfrabaus @lvl]mript lbn
@lvl]mript lbn VOG (@lvl]mript
VOG (@lvl]mript

 y VOG lsïbmraba).
lsïbmraba). Ds ubl témbiml nd ndslrragga wdh
ndslrragga wdh qud edbdrl lpgimlmiabds
 wdh ibtdrlmtivls
ibtdrlmtivls maohiblbna0
maohiblbna0
Namuodbt Ah`dmt Oandg (NAO) plrl visulgizlr nibìoimlodbtd d ibtdrlmtulr
mab gl ibcarolmiýb prdsdbtlnl.
ibcarolmiýb prdsdbtlnl.
VOG, V]G^ plrl ibtdrmlohilr y olbipuglr nltas.
nltas.
M]] plrl ndcibir dg lspdmta (gaak lbn cddg) ndg namuodbta.
@]AB y @]AB-XZM pudndb sdr lgtdrbltivls l VOG/V]G^
VOGFttpXdqudst
VOGFttpXdqudst plrl rdmupdrlr nltas nd carol lsibmrýbiml.
@lvlsmript maoa bdxa nd ubiýb nd tanls dstls tdmbagaeïls.
 L@LV ds ub pltrýb nd nisdüa qud
nisdüa qud prapabd ub budva oandga nd
oandga  nd ibtdrlmmiýb Udh
ibtdrlmmiýb  Udh

maohiblbna gls tdmbagaeïls lbtdriards.

lbtdriards.

Db dg mlsa nd gl wdh, gls pdtimiabds sd flmdb barolgodbtd

barolgodbtd db mlnl dvdbta nd ub mgidbtd,
par d`dopga, ub mgim db ub dbglmd a ub ibimia nd sdsiýb; ^rlnimiablgodbtd mlnl pdtimiýb
lg sd
sdrvi
rvinar
nar rdquid
rdquidrd
rd rdmlr
rdmlrelr
elr,, rdcrd
rdcrdsml
smlrr a lmtulg
lmtulgizl
izlrr gl pìeib
pìeibl
l plrl
plrl vd
vdrr gl budvl
budvl
ibcarolmiýb, dsta pudnd sdr barolg si sd vl l atrl pìeibl ibtdrbl ndg sitia, pdra ba ds
dcimidbtd mulbna ga qud sd quidrd ds saga mlohilr ub crleodbta nd gl pìeibl, maoa ub
mflt, ub olpl, a oastrlr lgeubl ibcarolmiýb mabtdxtulg sahrd ubl maoprl. L`lx ggdeý l
gl wdh plrl rdvagumiablr y aptioizlr su cubmiabloidbta, flmidbna qud dstl sd pudnl
crleodbtlr plrl lmtulgizlr a rdcrdsmlr ba tanl gl pìeibl wdh, siba saga ubl plrtd nd
dggl.

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

Zlrl dbtdbndr od`ar dstd mabmdpta, pandoas rdmarnlr qud, db lüas lbtdriards mulbna
sd flmïl ubl lmtulgizlmiýb db mulgquidr plrtd nd gl wdh, sd ndhïl dspdrlr l qud dstl sd
lmtulgizlrl par maopgdta, erlmils l dstl témbiml nd ndslrragga L`lx, sd gaerl qud sdl saga
ub crleod
crleodbta
bta db gl pìeib
pìeibl
l wdh
wdh sd lmtulg
lmtulgimd
imd,, lg gaerlr
gaerlr dsta sured
suredb
b gls oðgtip
oðgtipgds
gds
lpgimlmiabds y nibloisoas db gl wdh, maoa ga ds dg mlsa nd vlginlmiýb nd mupabds,
ibimia nd sdsiýb, carouglrias, dbtrd atras.

 Lsybmfrabaus, @lvl]mript,
@lvl]mript, Lbn VOG (L@LV),
(L@LV), sidbna ub oana nd praerlolmiýb qud ba
 hgaqudl gl d`dmumiýb nd atras pramdsas oidbtrls rdsudgvd midrtls pdtimiabds, rdlgizlbna
dstls lmmiabds nd olbdrl lsïbmrabl, flmidbna qud dstl lmmiýb saga sdl ibtdrprdtlnl nd
lmudrna l gl pdtimiýb nd saga ub crleodbta nd gl pìeibl, y dg sdrvinar vlginl y rdspabnd
saga l dsd crleodbta, flmidbna lmmiabds maoa0 mlohia nd magards, mlohia nd bðodras,
iopartlbtd plrl gistls nd prdmias mab mupabds nd ndsmudbta.

 Sdloas mýoa Cubmiabl0

Cubmiabl0  

Db dstd
dstd dsqudo
dsqudol
l supabd
supabdoas
oas qud dg blvdel
blvdelnar
nar ib
ibimi
imilgo
lgodbt
dbtdd mabtid
mabtidbd
bd ubl pìeib
pìeibl
l
mulg
mulgqu
quid
idrl
rl (1)
(1) y sd gd flmd
flmd gl pd
pdti
timi
miýb
ýb pl
plrl
rl qud
qud ouds
oudstr
trdd ubl
ubl pì
pìei
eibl
bl maoa
maoa
fttp0//lprdbndrlpraerlolr.mao. Tbl vdz rdlgizlnl gl sagimitun gl pìeibl sd mlrel db dg

blvdelnar (<). ]upabdoas qud dg usulria rdlgizl ubl lmmiýb, par d`dopga dgied dbtrd

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl 8
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

 vlrias tipas nd pranumta gl apmiýb ‗lutaoývigds‟.

‗lutaoývigds‟. Mao
Maoa
a rdspudstl l dsd dvdbt
dvdbta,
a, sd dbvïl
gl ibcarolmiýb (apmiýb lutaoývigds) lg sdrvinar db sdeubna pglba y sd rdmihdb nltas nd
rdspudstl ndg sdrvinar tlohiéb db sdeubna pglba, sib bdmdsinln nd rdmlrelr nd budva
tanl
tanl gl pìeib
pìeibl.
l. Mab gl ibcar
ibcarolm
olmiýb
iýb rdmih
rdmihinl
inl ndg sdrvin
sdrvinar
ar y uslbna
uslbna @l
@lvl]
vl]mri
mript
pt sd
oanici
oaniciml
ml gl pìeib
pìeibl
l ðbimlo
ðbimlodb
dbtd
td lgg
lggïï nabnd
nabnd ds bd
bdmds
mdslri
lria,
a, nd oana
oana qud lfarl
lfarl sd gd
oudstrlb
oudstrlb lg usulria
usulria gas tipas
tipas nd lutaoývig
lutaoývigds
ds nispa
nispabihg
bihgds,
ds, par d`dopga
d`dopga lutahusds,
lutahusds,
cureabdtls y mamfds (8). Lfarl dg usulria dgied ub tipa nd lutaoývig, par d`dopga
mamfds, y maoa rdspudstl l dsd dvdbta, sd dbvïl gl ibcarolmiýb lg sdrvinar db sdeubna
pglba y sd rdmihdb nltas nd rdspudstl ndg sdrvinar tlohiéb db sdeubna pglba, sib
bdmdsinln nd rdmlrelr nd budva tanl gl pìeibl. Mab gl ibcarolmiýb rdmihinl ndg sdrvinar
 y uslbna @lvl]mript sd oaniciml gl pìeibl ðbimlodbtd lggï nabnd ds bdmdslria, nd oana
qud lfarl sd gd oudstrlb lg usulria gas tipas nd mamfds nispabihgds, par d`dopga ‗nd
elsagibl‟, ‗nidsdg‟, ‗dgémtrimas‟ d ‗fïhrinas‟ (=). Lfarl dg usulria dgied ubl apmiýb, par
d`dopga ‗dgémtrimas‟, y maoa rdspudstl l dsd dvdbta, sd dbvïl gl ibcarolmiýb lg sdrvinar
db sdeubna pglba y sd rdmihdb nltas nd rdspudstl ndg sdrvinar tlohiéb db sdeubna
pglba, sib bdmdsinln nd rdmlrelr nd budva tanl gl pìeibl. Mab gl ibcarolmiýb rdmihinl
ndg sdrvin
sdrvinar
ar y uslbna
uslbna @l
@lvl]
vl]mr
mript
ipt sd oan
oanici
iciml
ml gl pìeib
pìeibl
l ðbimlo
ðbimlodbt
dbtdd lggï
lggï nabnd
nabnd ds
bdmdslria, nd oana qud lfarl sd gd oudstrlb lg usulria plrl oastrlrgd gas tipas nd
mamfds dgémtrimas nispabihgds (>). Db tatlg fdoas rdlgizlna < mlrels maopgdtl nd gl

Zìeibl, y dbvilna > plqudtds nd nltas lg sdrvinar y rdmihina > plqudtds nd nltas ndg
sdrvinar. ]upabeloas
]upabeloas qud mlrelr gl pìeibl supabd gl trlbscdrdbmil nd 84: Kh nd odnil
 y qud mlnl plqudtd dbvilna tidbd < Kh nd odnil y mlnl plqudtd rdmihina
rdmihina 4 Kh nd odnil.
Db tatlg flhrdoas tdbina qud flmdr < rdmlrel y trlbscdrir 84: + >*< + >*4 Kh,
lpraxiolnlodbtd 84: + > +8: ? 85> Kh.

Gl nicdrdbmil qud fl ibtranumina dg usa nd L`lx dstì db qud0

- Ba fdoas tdbina qud mlrelr gl pìeibl maopgdtl vlrils vdmds.

- Fdoas sina oìs rìpinas db gl apdrlmiýb y lg oastrlr rdspudstls lg usulria.
- Fdoas trlbscdrina ub odbar vaguodb nd nltas.

- Gl trlbscdrdbmil nd nltas mab dg sdrvinar ds db sdeubna pglba. Dsta pdroitd lg

usulria sdeuir ibtdrlmmiablbna mab gl pìeibl wdh. Db mlohia db dg mlsa nd
rd
rdmlr
mlrels
els maopgd
maopgdtls
tls tdbnrï
tdbnrïl
l qud dspdr
dspdrlr
lr l qud tdroib
tdroiblrl
lrl gl rd
rdmlr
mlrel
el plrl
plrl
mabtibulr ibtdrlmmiablbna.
ibtdrlmmiablbna.

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl =
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

Dg usa nd L`lx ibtranumd ubl vdbtl`l mglrl, nd lfï qud gl olyar plrtd nd gls wdhs fay
nïl usdb L`lx.

Db gls lpgimlmiabds Udh trlnimiablgds gas usulrias ibtdrlmtðlb odnilbtd carouglrias,

carouglrias,
qud lg dbvilrsd, rdlgizlb ubl pdtimiýb lg sdrvinar Udh. Dg sdrvinar sd maopartl sdeðb ga

dbvilna db dg carouglria y mabtdstl dbvilbna ubl budvl pìeibl Udh. ]d ndspdrnimil

oumfa lbmfa nd hlbnl, yl qud erlb plrtd ndg F^OG dbvilna db gl sdeubnl pìeibl
 Udh,, yl dstlhl prdsdbtd db gl priodrl. Lndoìs, nd dstl olbdrl ba ds pasihgd mrdlr
 Udh
lpgimlmiabds mab ub erlna nd ibtdrlmmiýb sioiglr lg nd gls lpgimlmiabds flhitulgds.

 Lndoìs db dstd tipa nd lpgimlmiabds Udh trlnimiablgds

trlnimiablgds oidbtrls dg sdrvinar dstì
flmidbna ga suya, ±qué dstì flmidbna dg usulria1 Dxlmta, dspdrlbna. Y, db mlnl plsa nd
gl tlrdl, dg usulria dspdrl par oìs. Ahvilodbtd, si dstuviérloas nisdülbna gl Udh
ndsnd mdra plrl lpgimlmiabds, ba qudrrïloas flmdr dspdrlr l gas usulrias. Tbl vdz qud
gl ibtdrclz dstì mlrelnl, ±par qué gl ibtdrlmmiýb ndg usulria ndhdrïl ndtdbdrsd mlnl vdz
qud gl lpgimlmiýb bdmdsitl lgea ndg sdrvinar1 Nd fdmfa, ±par qué ndhdrïl dg usulria vdr
gl lpgimlmiýb ydbna lg sdrvinar1

Db lpgiml
lpgimlmia
miabd
bdss L@LV
L@LV sd dbvïl
dbvïlb
b pdtim
pdtimiab
iabds
ds vïl fttp(s)
fttp(s) odnilbtd
odnilbtd dvdbtas,
dvdbtas , smripts a
rutibls lg sdrvinar Udh, plrl ahtdbdr ðbimlodbtd gl ibcarolmiýb bdmdslril, dopgdlbna
]ALZ a lgeðb atra gdbeul`d
gdbeul`d plrl
 plrl sdrvimias Udh
sdrvimias Udh hlslna db VOG, y uslbna @lvl]mript db
dg mgidbtd plrl pramdslr gl rdspudstl ndg sdrvinar Udh. Dsta rdnubnl db ubl olyar
ib
ibtdr
tdrlmm
lmmiýb
iýb erlmil
erlmilss l gl rdnum
rdnummiý
miýb
b nd ibcaro
ibcarolmi
lmiýb
ýb ibtdrm
ibtdrmloh
lohiln
ilnl
l dbtrd
dbtrd sdrvin
sdrvinar
ar y 
mgi
mgidb
dbtd,
td, yl qud plrtd
plrtd ndg pramdsa 
pramdsa nd gl ibca
ibcaro
rolm
lmiý
iýb
b sd fl
flmd
md db dg pr
prap
apia
ia mg
mgid
idbt
btd,
d,
gihdrlbna lg sdrvinar nd dsd trlhl`a.
trlhl`a. Lndoìs dstl pdtimiýb sd rdlgizl maoa pramdsa nd
cabna (hlmkeraubn), par ga qud dg usulria ba tidbd qud dspdrlr qud dg pramdsa mabmguyl

db su tatlginln plrl mabtibulr ibtdrlmtulbna mab gl lpgimlmiýb. Gl mabtrlplrtinl ds qud

gl ndsmlrel ibimilg nd gl pìeibl ds oìs gdbtl lg tdbdrsd qud hl`lr tana
dg mýniea
mýniea @lvl]mript.
 @lvl]mript.

Db gas sieuidbtds erìcimas pandoas

erìcimas pandoas vdr gl nicdrdbmil dbtrd utigizlr ub oandga mgìsima nd
lpgimlmiýb Udh y utigizlr dg oandga nd lpgimlmiýb Udh qud prapabd L@LV0

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl >
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

D`dopga nd su cubmiabloidbta.
cubmiabloidbta.

^aodoas maoa d`dopga gl cubmiýb nd lutamaopgdtlna nd Eaaegd; dstl td lyunl l

maopgdtlr tus plglhrls mglvd oidbtrls gls dsmrihds. Gls plglhrls mglvd mlohilb db
tidopa rdlg, sib dohlrea, gl pìeibl maoa tlg ba mlohil. L pribmipias nd gas lüas 9:,
mulbna
mulbna gl Ibtdrb
Ibtdrbdt
dt ba drl tlb lvlbzl
lvlbzlnl,
nl, gl ois
oisol
ol cubmiý
cubmiýb
b rd
rdqud
qudri
rirïl
rïl qud Eaaegd
Eaaegd
 vagvidrl l mlrelr gl pìeibl mlnl vdz qud lplrdmidrl ubl budvl rdmaodbnlmiýb
rdmaodbnlmiýb db tu
plbt
plbtlg
lggl
gl.. L@LV
L@LV pdro
pdroit
itdd qud
qud dg ibtd
ibtdrm
rmlo
lohi
hia
a nd nlta
nltass y gl ml
mlpl
pl nd pr
prds
dsdb
dbtl
tlmi
miýb
ýb
cubmiabdb siougtìbdlodbtd
siougtìbdlodbtd sib qud ibtdrcidrlb gl ubl mab gl atrl.

^dmbagaeïls L@LV

 L@LV ds gl témbiml qud pdroitd edbdrlr lpgimlmiabds wdh nd carol ibtdrlmtivl

ibtdrlmtivl lg
olbd`lr ubl dstrumturl qud pdroitd lg sdrvinar wdh maoubimlrsd mab dg blvdelnar ndg
usulria par maopabdbtds ibnivinulgds. L@LV ibtdbtl pravddr lpgimlmiabds wdh mab gls
mlrlmtdrïstimls nd gls lpgimlmiabds ndg dsmritaria y pdroitd qud gas nltas qud sd mlrelb l
gl lpg
lpgiml
imlmiý
miýb
b ba rdqui
rdquidr
drlb
lb ubl rdmlr
rdmlrel
el ndg
ndg sitia
sitia wdh;
wdh; nd dstl
dstl carol,
carol, pdroi
pdroitd
td oìs
 vdgaminln y rahustdz db gl lpgimlmiýb wdh. L@LV ds ub mabmdpta hlslna db oumfls
tdmbagaeïls maoa VF^OG y M]], NAO, VOG, V]G^ y @]AB, VOG, Fttp, Xdqudst y 
@lvlsmript. L@LV rdðbd gls lbtdriards tdmbagaeïls mab dg cib nd pandr ahtdbdr lmmdsa lg
sdrvinar nd lpgimlmiabds, sib rdqudrir ub budva gglolna odnilbtd pratamaga F^^Z.

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl 4
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

VF^OG (Dxtdbsihgd
VF^OG (Dxtdbsihgd Fypdrtdxt Olrkup Glbeuled),
Glbeuled), l erlbnds rlseas, ds ub gdbeul`d nd
olrmlna qud td pdroitd dnitlr wdhs. Dstì hlslna db F^OG >.:<, pdra sus rdegls sab
oumfa oìs dstrimtls y vdrsìtigds qud F^OG.
F^OG. VF^OG ds ubl budvl carouglmiýb nd
F^OG qud utigizl dg odtl gdbeul`d nd olrmlna VOG,
VOG, ga mulg ds ubl vdbtl`l mglvd db su
uslhiginln parqud oumfas caroltas nd nltas dstìb hlslnas db VOG y gas nispasitivas
oandrbas rdquidrdb ubl vdrsiýb dstrimtl ndg gdbeul`d nd olrmlna parqud ba pudndb
oastrlr olg dg mýniea cudbtd.
cudbtd.

VF^OG sd utigizl plrl olrmlr mabtdbina maoa tdxta, ioìedbds y dbglmds db carol
nd fipdrvïbmugas
fipdrvïbmugas  pl
plrl
rl mrdl
mrdlrr ubl
ubl mi
midr
drtl
tl dstru
strumt
mtur
url
l qud
qud pudn
pudndd sd
sdrr oast
oastrl
rlnl
nl pa
parr
gas blvdelnards.
blvdelnards . Gas namuodbtas pudndb sdr dstrumturlnas mab VF^OG plrl flmdrgas
gdeihg
gdeihgds
ds plrl
plrl ub lblgiz
lblgizlna
lnar.
r. Dg lblgiz
lblgizlna
lnarr ibtdrp
ibtdrprdt
rdtl
l gas dgdod
dgdodbta
btass nd olrmln
olrmlna
a
dspdmicimlnas db gls ndcibimiabds ndg gdbeul`d VF^OG y rdpranumd dg mabtdbina nd dstas
dgdodbtas nd ubl olbdrl dspdmïciml.

Db ðgtiol ibstlbmil, dg usulria vd ga qud mabtidbdb dstas dgdodbtas y ba gl carol db

qud sd lbatlb a dstrumturlb gas dgdodbtas. Dstd ðgtioa sd gglol mýniea cudbtd VF^OG
 y pudnd sdr dnitlna mab nicdrdbtds dnitards nd tdxta, par d`dopga, mab ub
dnitar UY]IUYE
dnitar UY]IUYE.. Gl batlmi
batlmiýb
ýb sdplr
sdplrl
l dg mabtdb
mabtdbina
ina y dg nisdü
nisdüa.
a. Dg mabtdb
mabtdbina
ina dstì
dbmd
dbmdrr
rrln
lna
a par
par ga
gass dgdo
dgdodb
dbta
tas.
s. Gl ca
caro
rol
l db qud
qud sd ouds
oudstr
trl
l dstd
dstd ma
mabt
btdb
dbin
ina
a dstì
dstì
ndtdroiblnl
ndtdroiblnl par gas dgdodbtas y sýga gl oudstrl dg blvdelnar.

Dg NAO (Namuodbt
NAO (Namuodbt Ah`dmt Oandg db dsplüag Oandga nd Ah`dtas ndg Namuodbta) ds
ubl LZI
ubl LZI  ndcibinl
ndcibinl plrl rdprdsdbtlr
rdprdsdbtlr d ibtdrlmt
ibtdrlmtulr
ulr mab mulgquidr
mulgquidr namuodbta
namuodbta F^OG a
VOG. Dg NAO ds ub oandga nd namuodbta qud sd mlrel db dg blvdelnar wdh y
wdh y qud
rdprdsdbtl dg namuodbta maoa ub ìrhag nd banas, db nabnd mlnl bana rdprdsdbtl ubl
plrtd
plrtd ndg namuod
namuodbta
bta (pudnd
(pudnd trltl
trltlrsd
rsd nd ub dgdodbta,
dgdodbta , ubl
ubl mlnd
mlndbl
bl nd tdxt
tdxta
a a ub
maodbtlria).. Ds ubl nd gls LZIs oìs uslnls db gl Udh
maodbtlria) gl  Udh,, puds pdroitd d`dmutlr mýniea db
dg blvdelnar
blvdelnar plrl lmmdndr
lmmdndr d ibtdrlmt
ibtdrlmtulr
ulr mab mulgquidr
mulgquidr bana ndg namuodbta
namuodbta.. Dstas
bana
banass pudn
pudndb
db mrdl
mrdlrs
rsd,
d, oa
oavd
vdrs
rsdd a oani
oanici
ciml
mlrs
rsd.
d. Zudn
Zudndb
db lüln
lülnir
irsd
sd l dsta
dstass bana
banass
olbd`lnards nd dvdbtas (dvdbt gistdbdrs db ibegés) qud sd d`dmutlrìb/lmtivlrìb mulbna
amurrl dg dvdbta ibnimlna db dstd olbd`lnar.

Ndsl
Ndslrr
rrag
aggl
glrr db L@LV
L@LV rdqu
rdquid
idrd
rd tdbd
tdbdrr ma
maba
bami
mioi
oidb
dbta
ta nd tanl
tanlss y ml
mlnl
nl ubl
ubl nd gl
glss
tdmbagaeïls lbtdriards. Db gls lpgimlmiabds Udh trlnimiablgds, gls lmmiabds ndg usulria
db gl pìeibl (flmdr mgimk db ub hatýb a db ub dbglmd, dtm.) ndsdbmlndblb gglolnls lg
sdrvinar. Tbl vdz pramdslnl gl pdtimiýb ndg usulria, dg sdrvinar ndvudgvd ubl pìeibl

F^OG lg blvdelnar ndg usulria. Dstl témbiml trlnimiablg plrl mrdlr lpgimlmiabds Udh

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl 3
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

cubmia
cubmiabl
bl marrd
marrdmtl
mtlodb
odbtd,
td, pdra
pdra ba mrdl
mrdl ubl hudbl
hudbl sdbslm
sdbslmiý
iýb
b lg usulri
usulria.
a. Lg rdlgiz
rdlgizlr
lr
pdtimiabds mabtibuls
mabtibuls lg sdrvinar, dg usulria ndhd dspdrlr l qud sd rdmlreud gl pìeibl mab
gas mlohias sagimitlnas. ]i gl lpgimlmiýb ndhd rdlgizlr pdtimiabds mabtibuls, su usa sd
mabvidrtd db lgea oagdsta. L@LV pdroitd od`arlr maopgdtlodbtd gl ibtdrlmmiýb ndg
usulria mab gl lpgimlmiýb, dvitlbna gls rdmlrels mabstlbtds nd gl pìeibl, yl qud dg
ib
ibtd
tdrm
rmlo
lohi
hia
a nd ibca
ibcaro
rolm
lmiý
iýb
b ma
mab
b dg sdrv
sdrvin
inar
ar sd pran
pranum
umdd db sd
sdeu
eubn
bna
a pg
pglb
lba.
a. Gls
Gls
lpgimlmiabds mabstruinls db L@LV dgioiblb gl rdmlrel mabstlbtd nd pìeibls odnilbtd gl
mrdlmiýb nd ub dgdodbta ibtdrodnia dbtrd dg usulria y dg sdrvinar. Gl budvl mlpl
ibtdrodnil nd L@LV od`arl gl rdspudstl nd gl lpgimlmiýb, yl qud dg usulria bubml sd
dbmudbtrl mab ubl vdbtlbl ndg blvdelnar vlmïl dspdrlbna gl rdspudstl ndg sdrvinar.

Gl tdmbagaeïl L@LV pdroitd dg ndslrragga nd lpgimlmiabds oìs rìpinls y mýoanls plrl

dg usul
usulri
ria,
a, pdra
pdra ds bdmd
bdmdsl
slri
ria
a tdbd
tdbdrr db mu
mudb
dbtl
tl ubl
ubl sd
sdri
ridd nd ls
lspd
pdmt
mtas
as plrl
plrl qud
qud gl
lpgimlmiýb sdl ga oìs dcimidbtd y rahustl pasihgd0

Tsa nd VOGFttpXdqudst.
VOGFttpXdqudst. Ttigizlr dg ah`dta VOGFttpXdqudst
VOGFttpXdqudst plrl gl maoubimlmiýb
lsïbmrabl mab dg sdrvinar. Ndhd dopgdlrsd dg ah`dta VOGFttpXdqudst, yl qud sd trltl
nd ub dgdodbta cubnlodbtlg plrl gl maoubimlmiýb lsïbmrabl mab dg sdrvinar. Dstd
ah`dta bas pdroitd dbvilr y rdmihir ibcarolmiýb db carolta VOG y db edbdrlg db

mulgquidr carolta.

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl 5
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

Ahtdbmiýb ndg ah`dta VOGFttpXdqudst. Iopgdodbtlr ubl cubmiýb plrl ahtdbdr

dg ah`dta VOGFttpXdqudst.
VOGFttpXdqudst.
@]AB. Ttigizlr @]AB
@]AB plrl
 plrl dg ibtdrmlohia nd ibcarolmiýb. @]AB ds ub suhmab`ubta
ndg gdbeul`d `lvlsmript qud sd hlsl db gl mabstrummiýb nd ubl gistl arndblnl nd vlgards,
gistls nd ah`dtas, dtm. qud pudndb ibmguir l su vdz tlhgls flsf, ah`dtas mab ubl magdmmiýb
nd plrds baohrd/vlgar, dtm. ]d pudnd uslr maoa lgtdrbltivl l gl bdmdsinln nd VOG db
dg ibtdrmlohia nd ibcarolmiýb vïl L@LV. Zandoas flmdr usa ndg oisoa si dg vaguodb
nd nltas l olbd`lr dxmdnd nd ga rlzablhgd a si dxistdb nicimugtlnds mab dg usa nd VOG,
 yl qud lgunir l gl maopgd`inln a dg mastd ndg plrsda ndg VOG db dg mgidbtd odnilbtd
NAO pudnd sagumiablr dstas prahgdols. Zar dstd oativa, sd rdmaoidbnl dg usa nd
@]AB plrl dg ibtdrmlohia nd ibcarolmiýb.

Tsa nd gl gihrdrïl Zratatypd.`s. Ttigizlr gl gihrdrïl Zratatypd.`s plrl gl ibtderlmiýb

nd @]AB.

Mlrlmtdrïstimls L@LV.

 Fly vlrils mlrlmtdrïstimls pribmiplgds nd uslr L`lx db ubl lpgimlmiýb wdh0

wdh0

Mlgghlmks0  L`lx
Mlgghlmks0  L`lx ds uslna plrl rdlgizlr ubl gglolnl nd rdtarba (mlgghlmk), rdlgizlbna
ub rìpina vil`d nd inl y vudgtl ndsnd y flmil dg sdrvinar plrl rdmupdrlr y/a eulrnlr
nltas
nltas sib vagvdr
vagvdr l mag
magaml
amlrr gl pìeibl
pìeibl maopgdtl
maopgdtl db dg sdrvin
sdrvinar
ar.. Lg ba rd
rdlgi
lgizlr
zlr ubl
ndvagumiýb maopgdtl y dbvilr tanas gas nltas ndg carouglria lg sdrvinar, gl utigizlmiýb nd
gl rdn sd oibioizl y sd pranumdb apdrlmiabds oìs rìpinls. Db sitias y uhimlmiabds mab
lbmfa nd hlbnl rdstribeina,
rdstribeina, dsta pudnd od`arlr dbarododbtd
dbarododbtd dg rdbnioidbta
rdbnioidbta nd gl rdn.

Gl olyar plrtd ndg tidopa, gas nltas qud sd dbvïlb ndsnd dg sdrvinar sab oïbioas.
Odnilbtd dg usa nd ndvagumiabds nd gglolnl, dg sdrvinar ba dstì ahgielna l pramdslr
tanas gas dgdodbtas ndg carouglria. Dbvilbna sýga gas nltas bdmdslrias, yl qud pudnd
flhdr ub pramdsloidbta gioitlna db dg sdrvinar. Ba ds bdmdslria pramdslr tanas gas
db vilr ioìedbds lg mgidbtd a dbvilr
dgdodbtas ndg carouglria, pramdslr dg Sidw]tltd, db vilr
ubl pìeibl maopgdtl lg mgidbtd.
Xdlgizlbna gglolnls lsibmrýbiml
lsibmrýbimls0
s0 L`lx
 L`lx gd pdroitd rdlgizlr gglolnls lsïbmrabls l
ub sdrvinar wdh. Dsta pdroitd qud dg blvdelnar ndg mgidbtd dvitd dspdrlr l qud tanas gas
nltas ggdeudb lbtds nd pdroitir qud dg usulria lmtðd ubl vdz oìs.

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl 6
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

Cìmig nd uslr0 
uslr0  Ndhina l qud sd dstì dgioiblbna ubl ndvagumiýb nd gl pìeibl. Gls
lpgimlmiabds flhigitlnls plrl L`lx sidoprd sdrìb oìs rdmdptivls, oìs rìpinls y oìs
cìmigds nd uslr.
 Sdgaminln luodbtlnl0
luodbtlnl0  Dg ah`d
ah`dti
tiva
va pr
prib
ibmi
mipl
plgg nd L`lx
L`lx ds od`a
od`arl
rlrr gl vdga
vdgami
minl
nln,
n,
rdbnioidbta y uslhiginln nd ubl lpgimlmiýb wdh. Tb erlb d`dopga nd L`lx ds gl cubmiýb
nd mlgicimlmiýb nd pdgïmugls db Bdtcgix. Dg usulria mlgiciml ubl pdgïmugl y su mlgicimlmiýb
pdrsablg plrl dsl pdgïmugl sd eulrnl db su hlsd nd nltas sib dspdrlr l qud gl pìeibl sd
lmtulgimd a sd vudgvl l mlrelr. Dstls mlgicimlmiabds nd pdgïmugls sd eulrnlb db su hlsd nd
nltas sib mabtlhigizlr gl pìeibl maopgdtl nd budva db dg sdrvinar.

@lvl]mript ds dg gdbeul`d nd praerlolmiýb ndg glna ndg mgidbtd y VOG ds ub gdbeul`d nd

olrmlna
olrmlna plrl ndcibir
ndcibir nltas.
nltas. @]AB
@]AB ds atra gdbeul`
gdbeul`dd nd olrmlna
olrmlna plrl ndcibir
ndcibir nltas.
nltas.
@]AB (@lvl]mript Ah`dmt Batltiab) ds oumfa oìs cìmig nd uslr mab @lvl]mript qud
VOG. Mulbna sd trltl nd L`lx y @lvl]mript, @]AB Udh ]drvimds dstìb rddopglzlbna
VOG Udh ]drvimds.

Atra lvlbmd iopartlbtd plrl @lvl]mript y L`lx ds gl hihgiatdml nd ah`dtas @lvl]mript

gglo
ggloln
lnl
l `\ud
`\udry
ry.. Ds
Dstd
td sact
sactwl
wlrd
rd erlt
erltui
uita
ta nd mý
mýni
niea
ea lhid
lhidrt
rta
a ds ub ma
mabt
btdb
dbdn
dnar
ar nd
@lvl]mript. @\udry sd utigizl plrl dsmrihir cìmigodbtd @lvl]mript ndg glna ndg mgidbtd
plrl blvdelr y olbipuglr ubl pìeibl y flmdr rdtarbas nd gglolnl nd L`lx lsibmrýbimas.
lsibmrýbimas.

 Odnilbtd dg usa nd sdrvimias wdh db `\udry y @]AB, gas rdtarbas nd gglolnl db L`lx sd
flb mabvdrtina
mabvdrtina db prìmtimls
prìmtimls nd praerlol
praerlolmiýb
miýb dstìbnlr plrl nisdülr
nisdülr y ndslrrag
ndslrragglr
glr
lpgimlmiabds wdh.

Dg L`lx Mabtrag ^aagkit ds ub mab`ubta nd mabtragds mrdlnas par Oimrasact qud dstì
ibtderlna db Sisulg ]tunia y pudnd sdr lrrlstrlna y sagtlna db carouglrias wdh maoa
ftog y mabtragds nd sdrvinar. Dstas mabtragds dstìb ndstiblnas l sdr utigizlnas plrl
rdtarba nd gglolnls db L`lx. ]ib dohlrea, tlohiéb pudndb utigizlrsd maoa mabtragds
barolg
barolgds
ds db gl plrtd
plrtd nd mgi
mgidb
dbtd
td y sdrvi
sdrvinar
nar.. Zar d`
d`dop
dopga,
ga, Lsp.B
Lsp.Bdt
dt ba vidbd
vidbd mab gas
mabtragds ^lhs. ]ib dohlrea, dg L`lx Mabtrag ^aagkit ga flmd. Dg mabtrag ^lh pudnd
pasthlmk lg sdrvinar maoa mabtragds nd sdrvinar.

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl 9
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

8.- Zribmiplgds vugbdrlhiginlnds nd L@LV.

Mrass-sitd smriptibe db L@LV0

L@LV0 Gls vugbdrlhiginlnds hlslnls db V]] sab
V]] sab yl ubls
 vid`ls mabaminls nd tanas gas ndslrragglnards wdh, pdra sib nunl dg lopgia usa nd

@lvl]mrip qud flmd L@LV flmd qud dstls taodb ubl budvl niodbsiýb.
Dbvdb
Dbvdbdbl
dbloi
oidbt
dbta
a VOG0
VOG0 Oum
Oumfls
fls lpgiml
lpgimlmia
miabd
bdss Udh
Udh 8.: oudvd
oudvdb
b nltas
nltas db
dbtrd
trd dg
sdrvinar y dg mgidbtd db carol nd VOG. Ds rdgltivlodbtd cìmig mrdlr VOG olgcarolna,
qud ubina l ub plrsda pama muinlnasa ndg oisoa db dg sdrvinar, pudnd ndedbdrlr db
ubl ndbdelmiýb nd sdrvimia. Ndhdoas vlginlr db mulgquidr mlsa tana VOG rdmihina db dg
sdrvinar.

D`dmumiýb olgimiasl nd mýniea L@LV0  Gls gglolnls L@LV sd d`dmutlb db sdeubna

pglba sib gl ibtdrlmmiýb nirdmtl ndg usulria. Dsta flmd qud dg usulria ba sidoprd sdl
mabsmidbtd nd gls lmtivinlnds qud dstì rdlgizlbna ub ndtdroiblnl wdh, ga qud ubl wdh

olgimiasl pudnd lpravdmflr plrl, par d`dopga, flmdrsd mab maakids nd lutdbticimlmiýb
.
 Slginlmiýb (ðbimlodbtd) nd mgidbtd db rutibls L@LV0 Gl vlginlmiýb db mgidbtd
db gls lpgimlmiabds Udh 8.: ds ouy riml, dsta fl fdmfa qud lgeubas ndslrragglnards ba
flelb dstls oisols vlginlmiabds db dg sdrvinar. Dsta ds ub drrar parqud ds cìmig mrdlr
ubl pdtimiýb y dbvilrgl lg sdrvinar slgtìbnasd gls vlginlmiabds nd mgidbtd. Zar dgga gls
 vlginlmiabds nd mgidbtd
mgidbtd sidoprd
sidoprd ndhdb sdr rdsplgnlnls
rdsplgnlnls db dg sdrvinar.
sdrvinar.

 Ltlquds Gýeimas
Gýeimas mabtrl L`lx. Gas ltlquds gýeimas
gýeimas lpravdmflb gl
gl blturlgdzl nd glna
ndg mgidbtd nd gls lpgimlmiabds L@LV. L`lx y gl wdh 8.: sab ubl erlb masl plrl gas
ltlquds gýeimas. Dsta l rlzýb nd gl gýeiml ndg bdeamia ds dbvilnl y d`dmutlnl sahrd dg
glna ndg mgidbtd. Tb d`dopga mgìsima nd ltlqud gýeima ds dg rdcdr
rdcdrdbtd
dbtd lg pramdsa sdeuina
par ub mlrrita nd maoprls. Dg pramdsa dstì mabstituina nd multra clsds0 lülnir lrtïmuga
lg mlrrita, masta tatlg, lutarizlr tlr`dtl y plelr. Ndhina l gl lpgimlmiýb lgolmdblnl dg
dstlna nd mlnl plsa, dg pracdsiablg db prudhls nd pdbdtrlmiýb panrïl gglolr l gl
luta
lutari
rizl
zlmi
miýb
ýb nd gl tlr`
tlr`dt
dtl
l lbtd
lbtdss nd lüln
lülnir
ir dg lrtï
lrtïmu
muga
ga.. Ds
Dsta
ta panr
panrïl
ïl ml
mlus
uslr
lr ubl
ubl
lutarizlmiýb plrl ub hlglbmd db mdra. Gudea mulbna gas lrtïmugas sdlb lülninas, dg plea
panrïl sdr gglolna
gglolna l mabtibulmiýb. Gl lpgimlmiýb
lpgimlmiýb panrïl lsuoir,
lsuoir, gl lutarizlmiýb cud
fdmfl lbtds nd lülnir gas lrtïmugas y pdroitirïl plelr.

Gass lt
Ga ltlq
lqud
udss gýei
gýeima
mass tï
tïpi
piml
mlod
odbt
btdd ba sd db
dbmu
mudb
dbtr
trlb
lb odni
odnilb
lbtd
td gl utig
utigiz
izlm
lmiý
iýb
b nd

fdrrloid
fdrrloidbtls
btls lutaoìtiml
lutaoìtimls.
s. Dsta parqud gls fdrrloid
fdrrloidbtls
btls ba dstìb nisdülnls
nisdülnls plrl

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <:
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

rdlgizlr prudhls gýeimls, dstìb nisdülnls plrl d`drmitlr cubmiablginln y dbmabtrlr clggls
dxistdbtds ndbtra nd gl cubmiablginln. Zlrl dbmabtrlr clggls gýeimls, gl fdrrloidbtl
panrïl bdmdsitlr sdr mlplz nd dvlgulr dg éxita ndg ltlqud. Zar d`dopga; db gl clggl db dg
mlrrita nd maoprls prdvilodbtd
prdvilodbtd odbmiablna; gl fdrrloidbtl
fdrrloidbtl panrïl bdmdsitlr dbtdbndr
dstì dvlgulbna ub mlrrita nd maoprls y panrïl tlohiéb bdmdsitlr sdr mlplz nd cieurlrsd
nabnd ndtdmtlr ga dxitasa nd gl trlbslmmiýb.

Fly qud tdbdr db mudbtl dg luodbta nd gl supdrcimid nd ltlqud, ds ndmir, gl plrtd qud sd
d`dmutl a ndslrraggl db gl plrtd ndg mgidbtd, y dsta flmd qud gl dxpasimiýb a supdrcimid nd
ltlqud sdl olyar. Gl rdvdglmiýb nd gl gýeiml nd gl lpgimlmiýb flmd qud gas pasihgds
ltlmlbtds mabazmlb plrtd ndg mýniea, yl qud dstd rdsind db gl plrtd ndg mgidbtd. Dsta flmd
qud dg ltlmlbtd pudnl lblgizlr midrtl plrtd nd gl gýeiml, y utigizlrgl plrl ggdvlr l mlha
lmmiabds olgimiasls sahrd gl gýeiml nd gl lpgimlmiýb.

Gl nicimu
nicimugtl
gtln
n nd gl lun
lunita
itaril
ril nd gls lpgiml
lpgimlmia
miabds
bds flmd
flmd qud dx
dxist
istl
l ub prahg
prahgdol
dol nd
sdeurinln, yl qud par ub glna sd ndhd rdvislr ub olyar bðodra nd gïbdls nd mýniea y 
flmd qud flyls oìs pubtas l rdvislr. Gl plrtd nd lunitaril fly qud ggdvlrgl tlbta nd gl
pltd ndg mgidbtd maoa ndg sdrvinar.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds
 Sugbdrlhiginlnds mgìsimls maoa ]\Gi
]\Gi a
 a V]],
V]],   y budvls pasihiginlnds
pasihiginlnds plrl dg V]]. ]\Gi
ds ubl nd gls vugbdrlhiginlnds tap nd AUL]Z
AUL]Z,, y sieud sidbna ubl nd gls pribmiplgds
lodblzls nd gls budvls tdmbagaeïls. Gls budvls pasihiginlnds plrl gas V]] suredb ndg
lgolmdbl
lgolmdbloidb
oidbta
ta nd oìs nltas db gl plrtd
plrtd ndg mgidbtd
mgidbtd y sd pudndb
pudndb ahtdbdr
ahtdbdr maakids,
maakids,
mrdndbmilgds y rdlgizlr ub raha nd ibcarolmiýb db pracubninln. Odnilbtd dg NAO y ub
V]] sd pudnd lgtdrlr dg mabtdbina nd ub sitia, oaniciml gl nirdmmiýb nd nabnd gas nltas a
carouglrias nd usulrias sab dbvilnas, raha nd maakids y mrdndbmilgds, tlg y maoa sd

odbmiabý lbtdriarodbtd.

 L pdslr nd ubl sdrid oìs patdbtd nd gls tdmbagaeïls, gas ndslrragglnards ndhdb sdr
mabsmidbtds nd gas leu`dras nd sdeurinln patdbmilgds.

Nd lmudrna mab Zdtd Gibnstr

Gibnstrao
ao,, Ni
Nird
rdmt
mtar
ar nd dstr
dstrlt
ltde
deil
ilss nd sd
sdeu
euri
rinl
nln,
n, ‗G
‗Gls
ls
lpgimlmiabds wdh sab gas dgdodbtas oìs vugbdrlhgds
vugbdrlhgds nd fay db nïl db ubl arelbizlmiýb
arelbizlmiýb
nd ibcrldstrumturl nd ^I‟. Tb bðodra mrdmidbtd nd arelbizlmiabds (tlbta mab cibds nd
gumr
gumra
a y si
sib
b ci
cibd
bdss nd gu
gumr
mra)
a) ndpd
ndpdbn
bndb
db nd lpgi
lpgiml
mlmi
miab
abds
ds hl
hlsl
slnl
nlss db Ibtd
Ibtdrb
rbdt
dt qud
qud
lpravdmflb dg pandr nd L@LV. Maoa dstd erupa nd tdmbagaeïls sd vudgvd oìs maopgd`l
plrl pdroitir qud gl pracubninln y gl cubmiablginln nismutinl, y, si gls arelbizlmiabds

ba lsdeurlb sus lpgimlmiabds wdh, dbtabmds gas ridseas nd sdeurinln saga luodbtlrì.

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <<
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

=.- Zr
Zrib
ibmi
mipl
plgd
gds
s odml
odmlbi
biso
soas
as nd ndcd
ndcdbs
bsl
l l iopg
iopgdo
dodb
dbtl
tlr
r db ta
tanl
nl gl
lrquitdmturl nd ubl lpgimlmiýb wdh L@LV.

Cubnlodbtlgodbtd,
Cubnlodbtlgodbtd, ba fly blnl budva sahrd gas prahgdols nd sdeurinln mabaminas db
 L@LV. Lsï qud saga bas qudnl lpgimlr lgeubas hudbas pribmipias nd sdeurinln plrl dg

usa nd dstl tdmbagaeïl.

Tba nd gas rdtas pribmiplgds plrl gls lpgimlmiabds nd L@LV ds qud lg trlsglnlr dg mýniea
lg mgidbtd sd ibvagumrl ubl erlb mlbtinln nd caroltas nd nltas, pratamagas, lblgizlnards
d ib
ibtér
térprd
prdtds
tds.. Dstas
Dstas ibmguy
ibmguydb
db @l
@lvl]
vl]mr
mript
ipt,, SH]mri
SH]mript,
pt, Cglsf,
Cglsf, @]
@]AB
AB,, VOG,
VOG, XD]^,
XD]^,
VOGF
VOGFtt
ttpX
pXdq
dqud
udst
st,, V]G^
V]G^,, M]]
M]] y F^OG
F^OG lndo
lndoìs
ìs nd gl
glss tdmb
tdmbag
agae
aeïl
ïlss nd sd
sdrv
rvin
inar
ar
ibvagumrlnls. Lndoìs, maoa si dsta ba cudrl sucimidbtd, mlnl crlodwark nd L@LV tidbd
sus prapias caroltas.

Dg tlolüa nd gl supdrcimid nd ltlqud qud prdsdbtd ubl lpgimlmiýb praparmiabl l ub

ltlmlbtd nicdrdbtds olbdrls plrl mluslr lgeðb nlüa l gls lpgimlmiabds a l gas usulrias.
Oidbtrls oìs tdmbagaeïls sd utigimdb, oìs erlbnd sdrì gl supdrcimid nd ltlqud. Db
mabsdmudbmil sd odbmiablb trds rdmaodbnlmiabds plrl rdnumir gl supdrcimid nd ltlqud
db gls lpgimlmiabds qud utigimdb L@LV0

  ]dpl ga qud sd d`dmutl

Db L@LV
Db  L@LV mlnl
 mlnl vdz ds oìs nicïmig slhdr nýbnd sd d`dmutlrì dg mýniea. ^aod par d`dopga
gls fdrrloidbtls Udh nd Eaaegd (Eaaegd Udh ^aagkit, EU^). Tstdn praerlol db @lvl
 y dg dbtarba taol midrtl plrtd ndg mýniea y gl maopigl db @lvl]mript qud cubmiabl db dg
mgidbtd.

 Lsï qud si ustdn maodtd ub drrar d iopgdodbtl

iopgdodbtl lutdbtimlmiýb,
lutdbtimlmiýb, mabtrag nd lmmdsa,
 vlginlmiýb u atra odmlbisoa nd sdeurinln ndg glna ndg mgidbtd, ub ltlmlbtd
siopgdodbtd panrïl plslr dstas odmlbisoas mab Cirdhue. Ioleibd qud ustdn tidbd
muinlna db dg mýniea nd oana qud elrlbtizl qud cubmiabds lnoibistrltivls bubml sdrìb
oastrlnls l usulrias arniblrias. Dsta sudbl hidb, pdra ustdn agviný qud dg mýniea nd gl
ibtdrclz nd usulria marrd ndg glna ndg mgidbtd. Dbtabmds dg ltlmlbtd utigizl Cirdhue plrl
gglolr l gls cubmiabds lnoibistrltivls.
lnoibistrltivls. ]i ba sd rdlgizlb gls vdricimlmiabds
vdricimlmiabds bdmdslrils ndg
glna ndg sdrvinar, ub ltlmlbtd panrïl ahtdbdr privigdeias
privigdeias lnoibistrltivas.

Gl sagumiýb ds sdr muinlnasa db gls lmtivinlnds qud sd ndhdb ndsdopdülr ndg glna ndg

mgidbtd y ndg glna ndg ]drvinar.

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <8
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

  Olbtdbel gas nltas sdplrlnas ndg mýniea

Gas flmkdrs crdmudbtdodbtd utigizlb ubl témbiml gglolnl "ibydmmiýb" plrl ibtranumir
maolbnas db midrtls sdmmiabds nd nltas nd oana qud gaerdb d`dmutlrgas. Dstd truma ds dg
ma
marl
rlzý
zýb
b nd oumf
oumfas
as ltlq
ltlqud
udss ma
maoa
oa ibyd
ibydmm
mmiý
iýb
b nd ]\G,
]\G, ma
maol
olbn
bnas
as,, GNLZ
GNLZ,, V]]
V]] y 

ndsharnloidbtas
ndsharnloidbtas nd odoaril.

Gl mglvd plrl ndtdbdr dstas ltlquds dstì db bubml d`dmutlr nltas qud panrïlb d`dmutlr
mýniea. Zdra mab L@LV, oumfas nd gas nltas y mýniea sab maohiblnas db NAO. Nlna
qud lmtulgodbtd ba dxistd ubl dstrumturl maoa F^OG qud odzmgd mýniea y nltas.

 Lsï qud, sdl muinlnasa mab gas nltas qud panrïlb ibmguir ubl dbtrlnl ndg usulria. Db
dstd mlsa pramurd vlginlr tanas gas nltas lbtds nd d`dmutlrgas, lðb db lqudggas nltas qud
sd d`dmutlb ndg glna ndg mgidbtd.

  ^dbel muinlna nd gl manicimlmiýb

Mani
Manici
ciml
mlrr ni
nici
cimu
mugt
gtl
l gls
gls ma
masl
slss yl qud
qud ga
gass ltlm
ltlmlb
lbtd
tdss pu
pudn
dndb
db ds
dsma
mabn
bndr
dr sus
sus ltlq
ltlqud
udss
manicimìbnagas y lsï gaerlr d`dmutlr sus ltlquds db gls lpgimlmiabds qud sab vugbdrlhgds.
 Lmtulgodbtd sd utigizlb nicdrdbtds dsqudols nd manicimlmiýb a ubl nahgd manicimlmiýb
plrl amugtlr sus ltlquds. Dxistdb namdbls nd dsqudols y ba dxistd ubl olbdrl nd slhdr
qud dsqudol sd ndhdrïl rdmabamdr plrl prdvdbir dg ltlqud. Dsta flmd qud rdmabamdr
dstd tipa nd ltlquds sdl ouy maopgd`a si ba ds qud iopasihgd.

]i
]ido
dopr
prdd qud
qud sd db
dbvï
vïdd a rdmi
rdmihl
hlb
b nlta
nltas,
s, lohl
lohlss plrt
plrtds
ds ndhd
ndhdb
b ma
maba
bamd
mdrr dg tipa
tipa nd
manicimlmiýb qud sd utigizl. Nd oana qud gl lpgimlmiýb ba ibtdbtd lniviblr dg dsqudol nd
manicimlmiýb. Ba ds pasihgd prdvdbir qud ub ltlmlbtd dbvïd nltas mab atra tipa nd
manicimlmiýb pdra gl lpgimlmiýb ba tdbnrì qud d`dmutlrgas. Zar d`dopga0

a Dstlhgdzml dg tipa nd manicimlmiýb db gl mlhdmdrl nd F^OG0

7 odtl fttp-dquiv?"M
fttp-dquiv?"Mabtdbt-^ypd"
abtdbt-^ypd" mabtdbt?"tdxt/ftog;
mabtdbt?"tdxt/ftog; mflrsdt?T^C-6" /2

a Dstlhgdzml dg tipa nd manicimlmiýb lg ibimia nd namuodbtas VOG0

7-xog vdrsiab?"<.:" dbmanibe?"utc-6"-2

Xdmudrnd, gl supdrcimid nd ltlqud nd L@LV dstì hl`a su mabtrag. Gls ndmisiabds qud
rdlgi
rdlgimd
md pudnd
pudndb
b ibmrd
ibmrdod
odbtl
btlrr nrìsti
nrìstimlo
mlodb
dbtd
td dg tlolüa
tlolüa nd gl supdr
supdrcim
cimid
id nd ltlqud
ltlqud..
 Lsdeðrdsd nd nýbnd sd d`dmutl dg mýniea, qué tipa nd carolta nd nltas y pratamagas
Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz
bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <=
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

dstìb
dstìb ibvagu
ibvagumrl
mrlnas
nas y tlohié
tlohiéb
b qud lblgiz
lblgizlna
lnard
rdss d ib
ibtér
térprd
prdtds
tds sd utigiz
utigizlb
lb.. Y ga oìs
oìs
iopartlbtd, lsdeurd qud gas nltas y dg mýniea sd olbtdbelb sdplrlnas.

D`dopga L`lx0

Db priodr guelr vloas l mrdlr gas lrmfivas bdmdslrias y maoprahlr qud tana cubmiabd
marrdmtlodbtd. ]ieud gls ibstrummiabds qud vloas l ir nlbna l mabtibulmiýb. Mrdl ub
lrmfiva
lrmfiva ndbaoibl
ndbaoiblna
na mursaL`lx
mursaL`lxMT:
MT:<8:3
<8:3C.fto
C.ftogg mab dg mabtdbina
mabtdbina qud ibnimloas
ibnimloas l
mabtibulmiýb. Ba td prdamupds lfarl par dbtdbndr tana dg mýniea, ga dxpgimlrdoas
ndspués0

 Lrmfiva ftog0
ftog0

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <>
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

 Lrmfiva pfp0

Budstra cimfdra pfp ds ub cimfdra qud mabtidbd ibcarolmiýb db carol nd lrrlys sahrd
plïsds y miunlnds qud pdrtdbdmdb l dsas plïsds. Db mabmrdta sd utigizlb multra plïsds0
Dsplül, Oéxima, Lredbtibl y Magaohil, y plrl mlnl plïs sd ndcibdb gls pribmiplgds
miunlnds utigizlbna ub lrrly a lrrdega. Lsï par d`dopga $miunln[=_[>_ ds dg dgdodbta
ndg lrrly miunln mab priodr ïbnimd = y sdeubna ïbnimd >. Db dstd d`dopga dg priodr
ïbnimd ibniml dg plïs (: Dsplül, < Oéxima, 8 Lredbtibl y = Magaohil) y dg sdeubna ïbnimd
gl miunln (db dstd mlsa gl miunln mab ïbnimd >). $miunln[=_[>_ ds ‗Mlrtledbl‟. Dstloas
uslbna lrrlys mab ïbnimd ibimilg mdra, par tlbta $miunln[=_[>_ sd gdd maoa ‗quibtl
miunln (ïbnimd multra)
multra) ndg mulrta plïs (ïbnimd
(ïbnimd =)‟.

Zlrl mlnl plïs sd ndcibdb ub erupa nd miunlnds.

Db dg ci
cimf
mfdr
dra
a pfp
pfp sd rdmu
rdmupd
pdrl
rl (a sd trlt
trltl
l nd rd
rdmu
mupd
pdrl
rlr)
r) ub plrì
plrìod
odtr
tra
a us
uslb
lbna
na
XD\TD]^. Xdqudst bas pdroitd rdmupdrlr tlbta plrìodtras plslnas par past maoa
par edt. Tbl vdz indbticimlna dg plrìodtra dspdrlna, qud ds dg baohrd nd ub plïs dbtrd
babd, splib, odxima, lredbtibl, magaohil, sd pramdnd l maoprahlr si dg plrìodtra plïs
rdmihina maibmind mab lgeuba nd dstas vlgards. Db mlsa nd rdmihirsd babd a ub vlgar
dxtrlüa, dg rdsugtlna a d`dmumiýb ndg cimfdra ndvudgvd ub mýniea F^OG qud sd ndcibd db

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <4
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

gl ðgti
ðgtiol
ol gï
gïbd
bdl
l odni
odnilb
lbtd
td ubl
ubl sdbt
sdbtdb
dbmi
mil
l dm
dmfa
fa.. Dg mý
mýni
niea
ea F^OG
F^OG ndvu
ndvudg
dgta
ta ds gl
mabmltdblmiýb nd ubl vlrilhgd $ose y atrl vlrilhgd $miunlndsXdspudstl.

]i sd fl rdmihina ub plïs db dg carolta dspdrlna, gl rdspudstl sdrì ndg tipa0

Db dg cimfdra F^OG tdbdoas ub mabtdbina F^OG qud ibmguyd ub carouglria nabnd sd

pdroitd dgdeir dbtrd vlrias plïsds (Dsplül, Oéxima, Lredbtibl, Magaohil) y dg ltrihuta
 vlgud lsamilna l mlnl apmiýb
apmiýb ds dxlmtlodbtd
dxlmtlodbtd dg qud dspdrl rdmihir
rdmihir dg cimfdra
cimfdra pfp.

 Lndoìs tdbdoas
tdbdoas lgeubas dstigas ndcibinas
ndcibinas mab M]].

Ci
Cib
blgod
lgodb
btd tdb
tdbdoas
oas ub mý
mýn
niea
iea @lv
lvl]
l]mr
mriipt mab ubl
ubl cu
cub
bmi
miýb
ýb ndb
ndbaoib
aoibln
lnl
l
oastrlr]uedrdbmil (str). Dstl cubmiýb sd d`dmutl maoa rdspudstl lg dvdbta abmflbed

qud sd pranu
pranumdmd mulbna
mulbna dg usulri
usulriaa dgied
dgied ub plïs
plïs db dg maohah
maohahaxax ndspgd
ndspgdelh
elhgd
gd ndg
carouglria. Lg dgdeirsd ub plïs sd plsl l gl cubmiýb tfis.vlgud, qud mabtidbd dg ltrihuta
 vlgud ndg dgdodbta ndg maohahax
maohahax dgdeina. Gas vlgards pasihgd
pasihgdss sab babd, splib, odxima,
lredbtibl y magaohil.

Db dg mýniea ftog sd fl nd`lna ub niv mab in gistlMiunlnds qud sd dbmudbtrl vlmïa (7niv 
in?"g
in?"gist
istlMi
lMiunl
unlnds
nds"2
"2 7/niv2
7/niv2).
). Db dstd
dstd niv ds nabnd
nabnd tdbdo
tdbdoas
as prdvis
prdvista
ta oastrl
oastrlrr gls
miunlnds qud rdmupdrdoas ndg sdrvinar db cubmiýb nd gl apmiýb dgdeinl par dg usulria,
uslbna L`lx plrl dgga.

Bass vloa
Ba vloass l mdbt
mdbtrl
rlrr db dg mý
mýni
niea
ea @lvl
@lvl]m
]mri
ript
pt,, qud
qud ds nabn
nabndd sd db
dbmu
mudb
dbtr
trl
l L`lx
L`lx
ibmarparlna.

Xdmupdrlmiýb
Xdmupdrlmiýb nd ibcarolmiýb ndsnd dg sdrvinar db sdeubna pglba

]uhd dg cimfdra F^OG lg sdrvinar (db gl oisol rutl nabnd tdbels dg cimfdra ZFZ) d
ibvaml gl rutl nabnd sd dbmudbtrd, qud sdrì ndg tipa
fttp0//lprdbndrlpraerlolr
fttp0//lprdbndrlpraerlolr.mao/mursaL`lxMT:
.mao/mursaL`lxMT:<8:3C.ftog.
<8:3C.ftog.

 Lfarl ndhds sdr mlplz nd dgdeir apmiabds ndg maohahax ndspgdelhgd y visulgizlr
rdsugtlna
rdsugtlnass par plbtlggl.
plbtlggl. Zar d`dopga
d`dopga,, si dgieds
dgieds gl apmiýb
apmiýb ‗Lredbti
‗Lredbtibl‟,
bl‟, dg rdsugtlna
rdsugtlna
dspdrlna sdrì qud par plbtlggl sd visulgimd0

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <3
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <5
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

Mabmgusiabds

<.) Lprdbnioas qud L`lx ba ds ubl tdmbagaeïl db sï oisoa. Db rdlginln, sd trltl nd

 vlrils tdmbagaeïls ibndpdbnidbtds
ibndpdbnidbtds qud sd ubdb nd carols budvls y sarprdbndbtds.
sarprdbndbtds.

8.) Mabamioas qud L@LV rdquidrd ub mabamioidbta

mabamioidbta lvlbzlna nd tanls y mlnl ubl nd gls
tdmbagaeïls lbtdriards. Db gls lpgimlmiabds wdh trlnimiablgds, gls lmmiabds ndg usulria
db gl pìeibl (pibmflr db ub hatýb, sdgdmmiablr ub vïbmuga).

=.) L@LV ba rdquidrd ibstlglmiýb nd pgueibs, lppgdts nd @lvl, bi bibeðb atra dgdodbta
lnimiablg l ibstlglrsd db dg mgidbtd.

>.) Xdnummiýb nd trìcima dbtrd

dbtrd mgidbtd y dg sdrvinar. Dg sdrvin
sdrvinar
ar tidbd ubl od`ar mlrel nd
trlhl`a. Gls trlbslmmiabds sd rdsudgvdb oìs rìpina.

4.
4.)) Zar
Zar atrl
atrl plrt
plrtd,
d, dx
dxis
istd
tdb
b lg
lgeu
euba
bass prah
prahgd
gdol
olss qud
qud lc
lcdm
dmtl
tlb
b l L@LV
L@LV y ndhd
ndhdb
b sd
sdrr
marrdeinas plrl elrlbtizl gl mabtibuinln. Nas nd gas pribmiplgds sd prdsdbtlb db gls

ìrdls nd sdeurinln y maopltihiginln. ]ahrd dg priodra mlhd odbmiablr qud lubqud

mulgquidr mglsd nd sistdol wdh ds prapdbsa l vugbdrlhiginlnds db su sdeurinln, gl
maopgd`inln lülninl nd gls lpgimlmiabds L@LV, sahrd tana db ga qud rdspdmtl lg mýniea
rdsindbtd db dg glna ndg mgidbtd, rdpdrmutd bdeltivlodbtd
bdeltivlodbtd db su sdeurinln olebicimlbna
dg prahgdol.

3.) Db mulbta lg lspdmta nd gl maopltihiginln, dg prahgdol nd gls iopgdodbtlmiabds

ibmabsistdbtds plrl gas nistibtas blvdelnards wdh mabstituyd ubl nd gls pribmiplgds
 hlrrdrls qud dbcrdbtl L@LV. Zlrlný`imlodbtd
Zlrlný`imlodbtd nimfa prahgdol ba sured nirdmtlodbtd
nirdmtlodbtd
nd gl lnapmiýb nd dstl témbiml, siba nd gl clgtl nd dstìbnlrds qud ndtdroibdb gl olbdrl
nd utig
utigiz
izlr
lr lgeu
lgeuba
bass rdmu
rdmurs
rsas
as ma
maop
oprd
rdbn
bnin
inas
as par
par dg
dggl
gl (mao
(maoa
a dg ml
mlsa
sa ndg
ndg ah`d
ah`dta
ta

VOGFttpXdqudst a VFX) a gl ibmarrdmtl iopgdodbtlmiýb

VOGFttpXdqudst iopgdodbtlmiýb par plrtd nd gas blvdelnards
blvdelnards
nd gas dstìbnlrds yl dxistdbtds (maoa dg mlsa nd M]] a NAO).

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <6
 

 Lmtivinln. Lpgimlmiabds L@LV. Lrquitdmturl y tdmbagaeïls.

 Sugbdrlhiginlnds nd sdeurinln y ndcdbsls

Fuea Xuiz Olrtïbdz

bdz
Olstdr db Ibedbidrïl nd sactwlrd y ]istdols Ibcarol timas Zl eibl <9