LC AMNTLVTM DL UBMCLNABI
R Q\Q AI_IATL_ÀQTBAIQ
Am`lntirbms ic Iaulrdm Zclnirbm Nº :2-?:92/ABG-995

QMEÀI _ BUIQ
BUIQ CI @ID_BD*

–Clvéntitl y dllndl iqulccm qul amnsbdlris gustm,

bnacusm sb tl clvintis smcm‐. (Qusy Hissl`)

_LQ\@LN

Ci iutmri inicbzi lc Iaulrdm Zclnirbm Nº :2-?:92/ABG-995,

:2-?:92/ABG-995, pirtblndm dl cis prmpuls-
tis rlamkbdis i prmpñsbtm dl su pirtbabpiabñn ln lc VB Zclnm Quprl`m Zlnic. Ic rlsplatm,
 prlabsi qul lc
lc prmocl`i ln cms dlcbtms
dlcbtms dl clsbmnls amntri ci `uglr
`uglr l bntlkrintls dlc krupm
 ei`bcbir bnabdl ln bntlrprltir
bntlrprltir ci vbmclnabi am`m lcl`lntm
lcl`lntm dlsarbptbvm dlc tbpm, klnlrindm
amneusbñn lntrl aiusir uni clsbñn amn prmduabr un amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi. Erlntl i lccm,
 prmpmnl un lnemqul rlstrbatbvm dl ci amnduati tàpbai, lccm oigm uni bntlrprltiabñn sbstl-
 `étbai y tlclmcñkbai piri lc `lgmr lstudbm y am`prlnsbñn dlc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic ln su
rlic db`lnsbñn y `iknbtud, amn lc ipmym dl cis ablnabis7 ci psbamcmkài.

rlcitbvm i ci vbmclnabi amntri cis `uglrls l

@I_AM NM_@ITBUM
• Añdbkm Zlnic7 irts.
Zlnic7 irts. 9?? y 9??-O.
ZICIO_IQ ACIUL7 Amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi / Airia-
 tlràstbais dlc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi / Ubmclnabi amntri ci
`uglr / Bntlrprltiabñn sbstl`étbai y tlclmcñkbai / @mtbvi-
abñn dlstruatbvi / Ulrtbaicbdid / Abacbabdid / Zrmkrlsbvb-
did / Amndbabmnls dl vucnlriobcbdid dl ci vàatb`i
_labobdm7  ?4/9?/?:92
 Iprmoidm7  ?;/9?/?:92
bntlkrintls dlc krupm ei`bcbir, prbnabpbm dl
mpmrtunbdid, iaulrdm rlpiritmrbm y prmocl-
`étbai dl su punbabñn, tl`i qul eul dlsi-
rrmccidm pmr ci iutmri ln ci iudblnabi p÷ocbai
amnvmaidi pmr lc VB Zclnm Gurbsdbaabmnic dl
cis Qicis Zlnicls
y Klnlric, lc auic Zlr`inlntl, Trinsbtmrbi
idl`és, iamkbñ pirtl dl
cis prmpulstis lxpulstis ln tmrnm ic tl`i
iomrdidm.

Ln lelatm, smorl lstl tñpbam, sl lxpusm ci

B. Bntrmduaabñn sbtuiabñn prmocl`étbai susabtidi ic lxbstbr
 pmsbabmnls préatbais dbvlrklntls rlsplatm i
Lc dài 1: dl sltbl`orl dl lstl iùm sl puocbañ ci ipcbaiabñn dl cis plnis, isà am`m lc usm
lc Iaulrdm Zclnirbm Nº :2-?:92/ABG-995, dl `ldbdis ictlrnitbvis ic prmalsm ‑am`m cm
cm

*  I`baus aurbil intl lc VB Zclnm Gurbsdbaabmnic dl cis Qicis Zlnicls Zlr`inlntl, Trinsbtmrbi y Klnlric.   Ebsaic
Idgunti Quplrbmr Zlnic dl Cb`i Lstl. Idgunti
Idgunti ln dmalnabi ln lc aursm dl Dlrlafm Zlnic - Zirtl Lsplabic dbatidm
 pmr lc Dr.
Dr. Uàatmr Zridm
Zridm Qicdirrbiki
Qicdirrbiki ln ci \nbvlrsbdid
\nbvlrsbdid Niabmnic @iymr
@iymr dl Qin @irams.
@irams.

4? pp. 4?-<; • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • DBABL@O_L ?:92 • N· 9?5  |  KIALT

KIALTI
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC

smn lc prbnabpbm dl mpmrtunbdid y lc iaulrdm  
rlpiritmrbm‑ piri cms dlcbtms dl clsbmnls
clvls y clvàsb`is prmduabdis ln amntlxtms
dl vbmclnabi amntri ci `uglr l bntlkrintls dlc
krupm ei`bcbir, tbpbaidms ln cms irtàaucms
9??, bnabsm 1, cbtlricls a) y d)8 y, 9??-O dlc
Añdbkm Zlnic.
Lc rlablntl iaulrdm pclnirbm fi iamkbdm ci
suklrlnabi dl ci iutmri dl ci lxacusbñn dl
ci ipcbaiabñn dlc prbnabpbm dl mpmrtunbdid
y dlc iaulrdm rlpiritmrbm  piri lstl tbpm dl
dlcbtms oigm virbms eundi`lntms, dms dl cms
auicls amrrlspmndln i ci prmpulsti dlsdl cms
lnemquls amrrlspmndblntls ic bntlrâs p÷ocbam
krivl`lntl am`prm`ltbdm, isà am`m pmr
ci nituriclzi dl cms oblnls guràdbams tutlci-
dms ielatidms. Amnsbdlrm lstl ÷ctb`m puntm,  
un b`pmrtintl
ai`bnm pism
piri cmkrir unqul `l plr`btl
ai`obm iorbr
ln ci bntlrprl-
tiabñn dl ci amnduati tàpbai y piri uni am`-
 prlsbñn `és prmeundi dlc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic
arb`bnic
iomrdidm. Lelatbvi`lntl, sl fi iamkbdm ci
 prmpulsti rlicbzidi rlsplatm i qul lstms dlcb-
tms smn pcurbmelnsbvms, puls am`prm`ltln
tintm ci sicud, lc dlrlafm i ci bkuicdid y i
nm slr dbsarb`bnidm, y lc cborl dlsirrmccm dl
ci plrsmnicbdid8 idbabmnic`lntl, lc iaulrdm
 pclnirbm slùici qul sl am`prm`ltl ti`obân
lc dlrlafm i vbvbr uni vbdi cborl dl vbmclnabi.
vbmc lnabi.
Ci prmpulsti dl amnsbdlrir lstms dlcbtms
am`m pcurbmelnsbvms eul lxpulsti i pirtbr
dlc dlsirrmccm dl cms lcl`lntms dlc amntlxtm
dl vbmclnabi ‑dlsirrmccidms pmr ci iutmri ln
iudblnabi p÷ocbai l bnemr`l intl lc pclnm‑
qul fin sbdm lxpulstms am`m airiatlràstbais
y qul fin sbdm iamkbdms ln pirtl ln lc abtidm
 pclnirbm. Qblndm isà, ls b`pmrtintl dlstiair
qul ic `lnabmnir lc amntlxtm y ickunms dl cms  
lcl`lntms airiatlràstbams dl lstl, lc iaulrdm
9 Ic rlsplatm, vâisl7 _bvis Ci @idrbd (?:96i, pissb`)8 _bvis Ci @idrbd (?:96o, pisssb`)8 _bvis Ci @idrbd (?:96a,
 pissb`)8 _bvis Ci @idrbd (?:92i, pissb`)8 _bvis Ci @idrbd (?:92o, pissb`)8 _bvis Ci @idrbd (?:92a, pissb`)8
_bvis Ci @idrbd (?:92d, pissb`)8 _bvis Ci @idrbd (?:92l, pissb`).
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC | N· 9?5 • DBABL@O_L
KIALTI
KIALT
LQZLABIC
pclnirbm fi plr`btb
plr`btbdm
dm dir un kbrm guràdba
guràdbai-
i-
`lntl rlclvintl qul iorl pism i un nulvm
lnemqul dl bntlrprltiabñn dl lstis amnduatis
tàpbais, y nms dlsvài ci `bridi fiabi lc cukir
ic qul bnsbstlntl`lntl fl prltlndbdm alntrir
nulstri itlnabñn, ic amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi
am`m lcl`lntm nmr`itbvm dlc tbpm plnic.
Ablrti`lntl, lc prmocl`i ridbai ln qul lc
mplridmr guràdbam vblnl bntlrprltindm ci
vbmclnabi am`m lcl`lntm dlsarbptbvm dlc
tbpm, lstm ls, amneundl lc aiusir uni clsbñn
amn prmduabr un amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi. Lccm
sualdl pmr auintm amnvblrtl lc lcl`lntm
tàpbam ln un lcl`lntm dlsarbptbvm, lstm ls,
motblnl lc sbknbaidm dl cm qul ln clnkuigl
am`÷n sl amnmal am`m vbmclnabi, auindm
piri am`pr
am`prlndlr
lndlr lc elnñ`l
elnñ`lnm
nm arb`b
arb`bnic
nic ln
su rlic db`lnsbñn
bntlrprltidm am`my un`iknbtud,
lcl`lntm lstl dlol slr
nmr`itbvm
dlc tbpm, ls dlabr, inicbzir lc elnñ`lnm arb`b-
nic i ci cuz dl uni bntlrprltiabñn sbstl`étbai
qul sl lnaulntri ipmyidi ln cis ablnabis.
Clsbñn y amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi smn dms lcl-
`lntms tàpbams dbstbntms qul dloln slr vicm-
ridms bndlplndblntl`lntl piri slùicir qul
nms lnamntri`ms intl ci amnduati tàpbai.
t àpbai.
Ic rlsplatm, rlbtlridi`lntl fl slùicidm9 qul
lc inécbsbs dl ci amnduati tàpbai dlol mrbln-
tirsl i pirtbr dl cis ablnabis7 ci psbamcmkài.
Isà, ci prmpulsti rlpmsi guràdbai`lntl ln
lc lnemqul dl bntlkricbdid amntl`pcidm ln
lc irtàaucm 1, bnabsm ? dl ci Cly Nº 1:154,
qul rlamnmal qul ln ci vbmclnabi amntri cis
`uglrls amnuyln `÷ctbpcls aiusis y eia- eia -
tmrls prlslntls ln dbstbntms é`obtms8 pmr cm
qul sl fial nlalsirbm lstioclalr bntlrvln-
abmnls ln cms dbstbntms nbvlcls ln cms qul cis
plrsmnis sl dlslnvulcvln y dlsdl dbstbntis
dbsabpcbnis.
 
?:92 • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • pp. 4?-<;  41

AM@LNTI_BM _LCLUINTL  smabldid, qul lsté amnstbtubdm pmr ci ei`bcbi,
DL CI I\TM_I
Lc iaulrdm pclnirbm fi iamkbdm `b
suklrlnabi dl ci lxacusbñn dl ci ipcb-
aiabñn dlc prbnabpbm dl mpmrtunbdid y
dlc iaulrdm rlpiritmrbm piri lstl tbpm
dl dlcbtms oigm virbms eundi`lntms,
dms dl cms auicls amrrlspmndln i ci
prmpulsti dlsdl cms lnemquls amrrls-
pmndblntls ic bntlrâs p÷ocbam krivl-
`lntl am`prm`ltbdm, isà am`m pmr
ci nituriclzi dl cms oblnls guràdbams
tutlcidms ielatidms.
I lccm, sl cl i÷ni lc qul sb prmeundbzi`ms
ln lc inécbsbs dlc amnguntm dl ai`obms nmr-
`itbvms rlsplatm ic tl`i, tintm ln sus lxpm-
sbabmnls dl `mtbvms, am`m ln sus intlal-
dlntls clkbscitbvms, vi`ms i pmdlr lnamntrir
qul tblnln ln am`÷n lc qul fialn rlelrln-
abi ic elnñ`lnm arb`bnic, y qul gustbain ci  
dristbabdid dl cis amnslaulnabis guràdbais y
sinabmnls, fiablndm icusbñn gusti`lntl ic
amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi y cms lcl`lntms qul
cm airiatlrbzin qul vlnkm prmpmnblndm. Ls
dlabr, ci `bs`i nmr`itbvi lsté rlaurrblndm
ic inécbsbs dl ci amnduati arb`bnic dlsdl lc
dlsirrmccm dl ci psbamcmkài.
Isà, tris fiolrsl rlicbzidm lc lstudbm dlc
elnñ`lnm arb`bnic dlsdl ci psbamcmkài, y,
uni vlz am`prlndbdm ln su rlic db`lnsbñn,
ic prmeundbzir cis nmr`is rlcitbvis i ci vbm-
clnabi amntri ci `uglr l bntlkrintls dlc krupm
ei`bcbir, sl puldl dltlr`bnir qul sl rlqublrl
dl uni bntlrprltiabñn sbstl`étbai y tlclmcñ-
kbai, qul ln lstl aism tril am`m amnslauln-
abi un rlsuctidm rlstrbatbvm dl bntlrprltiabñn
dl ci amnduati, am`pitbocl amn cms cà`btls
`itlrbicls dlc Dlrlafm Zlnic. Isà, lsti prm-
 pulsti
 puls ti dl ci iutm
iutmri
ri nms plr`b
plr`btl
tl ipcb
ipcbair
air ci
nmr`i piri cms nls qul eul arlidi, amn ci
44 pp. 4?-<; • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • DBABL@O_L ?:92 • N· 9?5  |  KIALT
aiutlci nlalsirbi piri ielatir lc n÷aclm dl ci
tin smcm auindm ls lstrbati`lntl nlalsirbm.
BB. Lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi
Ic dltlr`bnir ci pcurbmelnsbvbdid dl cms dlcb-
tms dl vbmclnabi amntri cis `uglrls l bntl-
krintls dlc krupm ei`bcbir, lc Iaulrdm
Iaulrdm Zclni-
rbm Nº :2-?:92/ABG-995 di un sbknbaitbvm l
b`pmrtintl pism piri lc rlamnmab`blntm dlc
amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi. Lstl rlamnmab`blntm
dl ci pcurbmelnsbvbdid dlcbatbvi dl ci amn-
duati tàpbai `l plr`btl slkubr bnsbstblndm
ln lnemair i ci vbmclnabi yi nm am`m `ldbm
tàpbam ‑amnemr`l sl cl vlnài bntlrprltindm‑,
sbnm dlsdl lc inécbsbs ablntàam dlc elnñ-
elnñ -
`lnm arb`bnic, dlsdl cms amnalptms rlam-
kbdms i pirtbr dl ci psbamcmkài. Ls `és, ci
Cly Nº 1:154, Cly piri prlvlnbr, sinabm-
nir y lrridbair ci vbmclnabi amntri ci `uglr
y cms bntlkrintls dlc krupm ei`bcbir, dlrmkñ
ci Cly Nº ?5?5:, Cly amntri ci vbmclnabi
ei`bcbir8 lsti ÷ctb`i isbknioi ci am`pltlnabi
piri lc triti`blntm dl lstl elnñ`lnm arb`b-
nic ic Dlrlafm dl Ei`bcbi. Ls isà qul lsti
dbsabpcbni dlc Dlrlafm sl ipmyioi ln ci psb-
amcmkài piri lc iomrdigl dl ci vbmclnabi, ls
dlabr, piri ci am`prlnsbñn dlc amntlxtm dl
vbmclnabi.
Ln tic slntbdm, rlsucti nlalsirbm, prb`lrm,
bnvlstbkir ln quâ amnsbstl lc elnñ`lnm arb-
`bnic ic qul nms lnerlnti`ms, piri cm auic
sl fi rlamkbdm un prmeundm lstudbm dlsdl cis
ablnabis8 y, ln slkundm cukir, uni vlz bdlntb-
aidm i pirtbr dl ci psbamcmkài, am`pitbobcb-
am`pitbobcb -
zircm amn cms cà`btls `itlrbicls dlc Dlrlafm
Zlnic, ousaindm uni bntlrprltiabñn tlclmcñ-
kbai y sbstl`étbai qul tril am`m rlsuctidm
uni bntlrprltiabñn rlstrbatbvi dl ci amnduati
tàpbai qul amnsbdlrm vi i plr`btbr qul pmdi-
`ms ipcbair lstis nmr`is amn prmpmrabmni-
cbdid punbtbvi, amn lc rlspltm i ci aicbdid
dl erik`lntirbm qul tblnl lc Dlrlafm Zlnic,
am`m bnstru`lntm dl uctb`i ritbm. ritbm . \ni
KIALTI
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC
 

LQZLABIC

bntlrprltiabñn qul ousai lc lqubcborbm lntrl lc smcm auindm ls lstrbati`lntl nlalsirbm,

usm prmpmrabmnic dl lstis nmr`is, ic rlspltir dloblndm tlnlrsl ln amnsbdlriabñn qul amn-
ci vbdi prbvidi dl cms amnbatms ei`bcbirls y emr`l cm slùici lc irtàaucm < dlc Dlarltm
rlciabmnls fu`inis, sbn prltlndlr qul am`m Clkbscitbvm Nº 94:67

Lstidm cclkul`ms
dl su prmpbm i bnvidbr
y prbvidm ln lc dlsirrmccm
arlab`blntm, dlstru-   Cis ei`bcbis amnstbtuyln lc prb`lr
ylndm cms cizms ielatbvms8 y, pmr mtrm cidm, lspiabm dl trins`bsbñn dl ielatm ,
 pmdlr bdlntb
bdlntbair
air lc prlmaup
prlmaupintl
intl elnñ`ln
elnñ`lnm m slkurbdid, mrblntiabñn, emr`iabñn, ldu-
arb`bnic intl lc qul nms lnamntri`ms, i lela- aiabñn, smcbdirbdid y vicmrls lslnabi-
tms dl bdlntbair ialrtidi`lntl auéndm sl cls piri lc dlsirrmccm bntlkric dl sus
rlqublrl ci bn`ldbiti bntlrvlnabñn lstitic ic `bl`orms, am`m slrls fu`inms cborls
lnamntrirnms intl un amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi8 y elcbals, aipials dl lglralr pclni`lntl
lc gustm lqubcborbm. sus dlrlafms, rlspltindm ci bntlkrbdid
y cms dlrlafms fu`inms dl cis dl`és
Lstl lnemqul aiutlci qul ci bntlrvlnabñn  plrsmn
 plr smnis,
is, y dl lgl
lglral
ralrr uni abu
abudid
didinà
inàii
dlc n÷aclm ei`bcbir pmr pirtl dlc Lstidm, sl rlspmnsiocl y prmduatbvi. (Lc rlsictidm
rlicbal ln sbtuiabmnls ln qul sl gustbqul ci ls nulstrm).
dristbabdid dl cis plnis i ipcbair, bntlrprl-
Bkuic`lntl, dlol tlnlrsl ln amnsbdlriabñn
tindm
n dl rlstrbatbvi`lntl ci amnduati
qul nm lxbstin lxalsms ln citàpbai,
ipcbaii-
ipcbai- cm lxpulstm ln su irtàaucm ;, qul dlsirrmcci
abñn dl ci nmr`i. Oigm un énkucm qul rlsucti cis eunabmnls dl ci ei`bcbi, dl ci sbkublntl
amflrlntl amn cm lxpulstm pmr lc Dlarltm `inlri7
Clkbscitbvm Nº 94:6, Dlarltm Clkbscitbvm
i. Emr`idmri7 amnstbtuyl ci trins`bsbñn dl
 piri lc emrt
emrticlab`
iclab`blntm
blntm y prlvln
prlvlnabñn
abñn dl ci
vicmrls mrblntidms ic dlsirrmccm pclnm dl
vbmclnabi ln cis ei`bcbis, `mdbebaidm pmr
sus aipiabdidls
aipiabdidls..
lc Dlarltm Clkbscitbvm Nº 9441, qul slùici
qul su mogltm ls lc – emrticlab`blntm y ci  o. Qmabicbzidmri7 amnstbtuyl ci prm`mabñn y
 prlvlnabñn
 prlvlnab ñn dl ci vbmcln
vbmclnabi
abi ln cis ei`bcbis
ei`bcbis,, lc emrticlab`blntm dl ci rld dl rlciabmnls
`ldbintl iaabmnls y `ldbdis dbrbkbdis dl aidi bntlkrintl am`m plrsmni, y dl
i bdlntbair eiatmrls dl rblskm, klstbmnir bntlrslaabñn smabic, klnlrindm un slntbdm
amnecbatms , lrridbair ci dbsarb`bniabñn y dl plrtlnlnabi l bdlntbdid.
vbmclnabi lntrl sus bntlkrintls‐ (lc rlsictidm
ls nulstrm). a. Aubdidms y prmtlaabñn7 lspiabm eundi-
`lntic dmndl sl orbndin cms aubdidms y
Bkuic`lntl, ln su irtàaucm 6 slùici qul ci prmtlaabñn nlalsirbi i sus bntlkrintls,
smn mocbkiabmnls dlc Lstidm7 –6.9. Zrm-  piri cmkrir pclnm dlsirrmccm
dlsirrmccm bntlkric.
`mvlr lstudbms l bnvlstbkiabmnls smorl ci
sbtuiabñn dl cis ei`bcbis piri b`pcl`ln- d. Qlkurbdid y prmtlaabñn lamnñ`bai7
tir pmcàtbais dl emrticlab`blntm ei`bcbir, kirintbzir ci sitbseiaabñn dl cis nlalsbdi-
prlvlnabñn y klstbñn dl cms amnbatms y dls oésbais.
ci vbmclnabi bntriei`bcbir‐  (lc rlsictidm
ls nulstrm). l. Ielatbvi7 trins`btbr,
trins`btbr, rlprmduabr
rlprmduabr y prm-
`mvlr vànaucms dl ielatm lntrl cms
Isà, lstl lnemqul ls amflrlntl amn ci nlal- bntlkrintls, lslnabicls piri emr`iabñn,
sbdid dl aiutlci dlc n÷aclm ei`bcbir, amn ci idqubsbabñn dl fiobcbdidls l`mabmnicls,
b`pmrtinabi dl emrticlalr ci ei`bcbi, `in- amnsmcbdiabñn dl iutmlstb`i, iutmamn-
tlnlr sus cizms l bntlrvlnbrci dréstbai`lntl inzi y rlicbziabñn plrsmnic.

I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC | N· 9?5 • DBABL@O_L

KIALTI
KIALT ?:92 • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • pp. 4?-<;  4<

Ln ci o÷squldi dl uni bntlrprltiabñn sbstl-
`étbai y tlclmcñkbai, sl irrboñ i un rlsuc-
tidm rlstrbatbvm dl ci amnduati tàpbai, mrbln-
tidi i aiutlcir prudlntl`lntl lc n÷aclm
dl ci smabldid,cirlspltindm
y rlslrvindm ipcbaiabñnsudldlsirrmccm,
ci nmr`i
smcm piri iqulccis sbtuiabmnls ln cis qul
sl rlqublri nlalsirbi`lntl ci bntlrvlnabñn
lstitic, ipcbaindm prmpmrabmnic`lntl ci
nmr`i amn lc n dl lvbtir ci rupturi dl cizms
ei`bcbirls y ielatbvms qul smn ci prbnabpic
eulntl dl nutrbabñn ielatbvi dl ci smabldid y
lc smpmrtl dl su sicud `lntic8 cmkrindm isà,
uni dlnbdi dbstbnabñn lntrl uni sbtuiabñn
dl amnbatm ei`bcbir, dl iqulcci qul amrrls-
amrrls-
 pmndl i un amntlxt
amntlxtmm dl vbmcln
vbmclnabi
abi ei`bcbir,
ln lc qul lxbstl vlrtbaicbdid, `mtbviabñn
dlstruatbvi, abacbabdid, prmkrlsbvbdid y amn-
dbabmnls dl vucnlriobcbdid, qul b`pcbain
rblskm. Lcl`lntms qul amnstbtuyln airiatl-
ràstbais dlc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic, cms qul fl
lsqul`itbzidm i n dl qul cms mplridmrls
 guràdbams
 guràdb ams pmdi`ms bdlntbair
bdlnt bair lc amntlxtm
amntlxt m dl
vbmclnabi, y dbstbnkubr amn `iymr eiabcbdid
auéndm nms lnamntri`ms intl un vànaucm
qul rlvbstl icti plcbkrmsbdid.
Ls ln tic slntbdm, qul lc iaulrdm pclnirbm, i
 pirtbr dl slùicir lc amntlxtm y fialr icusbñn
i ickunms dl cms lcl`lntms prmpulstms am`m
airiatlràstbais, `l plr`btl slkubr b`puc-
sindm uni nulvi amrrblntl dl bntlrprltiabñn,
ci auic lsté mrblntidi i dlstlrrir ci pmsturi
klnlric qul vlnài rlicbzéndmsl ln lc sbstl`i
dl id`bnbstriabñn dl gustbabi amn rlciabñn i
qul ci amnduati tàpbai sl lnamntrioi amnstb-
tubdi pmr lc clsbmnir i uni `uglr m bntlkrintl  
dlc krupm ei`bcbir, y qul amnslaulntl`lntl,
lc obln guràdbam am`prm`ltbdm rlsuctioi slr
tin smcm ci bntlkrbdid eàsbai m psbamcñkbai.
Ic fialrsl icusbñn ic amntlxtm , isà am`m
slùicir ickunms lcl`lntms prmpulstms, lc
nulvm iaulrdm pclnirbm iorl pism i ci pmsb-
 obcbdid dl un lnemqul
lnemqul dbstbntm, y di
di pbl i qul
 puldi slkubr bnsbstblndm amn `b prmpulsti dl
45 pp. 4?-<; • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • DBABL@O_L ?:92 • N· 9?5  |  KIALT
bntlrprltiabñn dl ci amnduati tàpbai, lstm ls,
qul lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi amrrlspmndl i
ci arliabñn m iprmvlafi`blntm pmr pirtl dlc
iklntl, dl cis amndbabmnls dl vucnlriobcb-
did dl ci vàatb`i,
sl sm`ltl ln lc eàsbai
sl cl clsbmni qul sbmcipsbamcñkbai-
vàatb`i nm
`lntl, am`m aistbkm.
Isà, ls lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi ln lc qul sl
vucnlrin sus dbvlrsms dlrlafms, pmr cm qul
nm sl ikmti amn ci smci clsbñn eàsbai m psbam-
cñkbai, lc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic ls `uafm `és
am`pclgm y rlvbstl `iymr intbgurbabdid. Ci
vàatb`i sl lnaulntri am`pclti`lntl sm`l-
tbdi i ci vmcuntid dlc ikrlsmr, ln un amn-
tlxtm amlrabtbvm qul intlaldl i cis clsbmnls,
cis `bs`is qul sl prmdualn sb ls qul sl
nblki i au`pcbr ci vmcuntid dlc iklntl.
Ql i÷ni i cm lxpulstm lc qul, ln itlnabñn
ic lstrbatm au`pcb`blntm dlc prbnabpbm dl
clkicbdid, ls dlc aism slùicir qul cms dlcbtms
dl clsbmnls ln amntlxtms dl vbmclnabi amntri
ci `uglr l bntlkrintls
bnt lkrintls dlc krupm ei`bcbir, nms
rl`btln gusti`lntl i cms amntlxtms prlvbs-
tms ln lc prb`lr pérriem dlc irtàaucm 9:6-O
dlc Añdbkm Zlnic, y ls gusti`lntl lc prb`lr
bnabsm, lc qul amrrlspmndl ic amntlxtm dl vbm-
clnabi ei`bcbir. Qb di`ms uni claturi bntlkric
i cms tbpms dl clsbmnls (krivls, clvls y clvà-
sb`is) qul amntblnln ci ikrivintl dl ci vbm-
clnabi amntri ci `uglr l bntlkrintls dlc krupm
ei`bcbir, vi`ms i pmdlr nmtir qul ti`obân
nms rl`btln i cms amntlxtms dlc irtàaucm
9:6-O dlc Añdbkm Zlnic auym prb`lr amn-
tlxtm  amrrlspmndl gusti`lntl ic dl –vbmcln-
abi ei`bcbir‐. Lsti m`bsbñn qul vucnlri lc
prbnabpbm dl clkicbdid ci vlnkm idvbrtblndm
rlbtlridi`lntl pmr auintm dlol dirsl uni
claturi bntlkric dl tmdms cms lcl`lntms qul
amnemr`in lc tbpm plnic.
Ln amnslaulnabi, lc lnemqul dl ci vbmcln-
abi am`m amntlxtm cm fl motlnbdm nm smcm
dlc lstudbm dlc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic dlsdl
ci psbamcmkài, sbnm ti`obân `ldbintl uni
KIALTI
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC
 

LQZLABIC

bntlrprltiabñn sbstl`étbai?  dl cis nmr`is dl dbsarb`bniabñn, qul bnfbol kri-

rlcitbvis ic tñpbam ln `lnabñn. Aiol rlamr- vl`lntl ci aipiabdid dl cis `uglrls
dir qul ls mocbkitmrbm  piri cms mplridmrls dl kmzir dl dlrlafms y cbolrtidls ln
 guràdbams rlicbzir uni claturi sbstl`étbai dl  pbl dl bkuicd
bkuicdid
id i trivâs dl rlciabm-

ci nmr`itbvi
abi`blntm rlclvintl
rlsplatm i un piri
tl`i l`btbr prmnun-
ln amnarltm. R nls
ababmdldl
dm`bnbm, dl amntrmc,
pmdlr, dl dl lglr-
sm`ltb`blntm y
sb rlicbzi`ms uni bntlrprltiabñn `ldbintl lc suomrdbniabñn fiabi cis `uglrls .
`âtmdm sbstl`étbam, vi`ms i tlnlr nlalsirbi- Cis mplridmris y mplridmrls am`-
`lntl un rlsuctidm dl bntlrprltiabñn rlstrba-  prlndln l bnvlstb kin lsti iaabñn dl
bnvlstbkin
tbvi dl cis amnduatis tàpbais dl cms dlcbtms dl emr`i amntlxtuic  am`m un prmalsm
vbmclnabi, qul ls cm qul vlnkm smstlnblndm amntbnum. Lstm plr`btl bdlntbebair
dl `inlri plrsbstlntl1. cms flafms tàpbams qul bnabdln ln ci
dbné`bai dl rlciabñn dl ci vàatb`i y
Qb bntlrprlti`ms sbstl`étbai`lntl lstis ci plrsmni dlnunabidi, merlablndm
nmr`is, vi`ms i pmdlr bdlntbair qul, ln uni plrsplatbvi idlauidi piri ci
lelatm, rlsplatm ic lcl`lntm tàpbam –amn- vicmriabñn dlc aism. (Lc rlsictidm ls
tlxtm dl vbmclnabi‐, lc _lkci`lntm dl ci Cly nulstrm).
 Nº 1:154
1:154,, `mdb
`mdbaidm
aidm pmr lc D.Q. Nº :4-?:
:4-?:92-
92-
@B@Z, puocbaidm lc ; dl `irzm dl ?:92, yi 4. Ci vbmclnabi
dlc krupm amntri un bntlkrintl
ei`bcbir
cm slùici ln cms bnabsms 1 y 4 dlc irtàaucm 47

1. Ci vbmclnabi amntri cis `uglrls pmr   Ls ci iaabñn u m`bsbñn bdlntbaidi

su amndbabñn dl tic
  Ls ci iaabñn u m`bsbñn bdlntbaidi
am`m vbmclnabi slk÷n cms irtàaucms <
y 6 dl ci cly qul sl rlicbzi ln lc amn-  
tlxtm dl vbmclnabi dl kânlrm, lntln-
dbdi lsti am`m uni `inbelstiabñn
am`m vbmclnabi slk÷n cms irtàaucms
5 y 6 dl ci cly qul sl rlicbzi ln lc
amntlxtm dl uni rlciabñn dl rlspmn-
siobcbdid, amneinzi m dl pmdlr  dl
pirtl dl un m uni bntlkrintl dlc krupm
ei`bcbir fiabi mtrm u mtri. (Lc rlsic-
tidm ls nulstrm).

? Aer. _bvis Ci @idrbd (?:96, pisssb`).

1 Ic rlsplatm, vâisl7 _bvis Ci @idrbd (?:96o, pissb`). –Lc prmocl`i ic bntlrprltir lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi ei`b-
cbir sl lnaulntri ln qul lc mplridmr guràdbam plnic bntlrprlti smcm amnsbdlrindm lc clnkuigl am`÷n, lstm ls, amn lc
smcm flafm dl prmduabrsl uni clsbñn lntrl cms `bl`orms dl uni ei`bcbi. Isà, Isà, ln lc aism dl clsbmnls eàsbais, amn ci
smci lxbstlnabi dl cis clsbmnls dlsarbtis ln lc alrtbaidm `âdbam clkic y lc vànaucm ei`bcbir sl ir`i lrridi`lntl
ci prlslnabi dlc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi ei`bcbir. Ls dlabr, piri lc mplridmr guràdbam plnic, sb sl iarldbtin cis clsbm-
nls y idl`és lc vànaucm pirlntic, sl lvbdlnabi bn`ldbiti`lntl ci lxbstlnabi dl ci vbmclnabi ei`bcbir. Ln lelatm, sl
vblnl bntlrprltindm am`m un lcl`lntm mogltbvm-dlsarbptbvm
mogltbvm-dlsarbptbvm dlc tbpm plnic cm qul sl am`prlndl ln clnkuigl am`÷n
am`m vbmclnabi ei`bcbir, y nm am`m lcl`lntm nmr`itbvm-
nmr`itbvm-guràdbam
guràdbam dlc tbpm, cm qul fi dlsirrmccidm ci dbsabpcbni dlc
dlrlafm dl ei`bcbi am`m vbmclnabi ei`bcbir. Iccà, ridbai lc prmocl`i.
Ln tic slntbdm, amnsbdlrm nlalsirbm qul sl vicmrl lc lcl`lntm tàpbam vbmclnabi ei`bcbir, plrm nm am`m un lcl`lntm
dlsarbptbvm dlc tbpm, lstm ls, ci amnstitiabñn eéatbai dl qul fi lxbstbdm ick÷n tbpm dl ikrlsbñn eàsbai m psbamcñkbai
lntrl lc iklntl y vàatb`i i cms qul cls unl un vànaucm ei`bcbir (qul ls cm qul ln clnkuigl am`÷n sl amnsbdlri vbm-
clnabi ei`bcbir y qul amnstbtuyl un amnalptm i`pcbm)8 sbnm am`m un lcl`lntm nmr`itbvm-guràdbam dlc tbpm plnic,
ls dlabr, piri dltlr`bnir ci lxbstlnabi dlc lcl`lntm vbmclnabi ei`bcbir dlol`ms rlaurrbr ic triti`blntm nmr`itbvm-
 guràdbam dlsirrmccidm
dlsirrmccidm pmr ci dbsabpcbni dlc dlrlafm
dlrlafm dl ei`bcbi,
ei`bcbi, qul amnstbtuyl
amnstbtuyl un amnalptm `és
`és rlstrbnkbdm.
  Lsti prmpulsti
prmpulsti rldual
rldual lc é`obtm dl ipcbaiabñn
ipcbaiabñn dlc tbpm plnic,
plnic, piri
piri fialrcm am`pitbocl amn cms cà`btls dlc Dlrlafm
Dlrlafm
Zlnic l bntlrprltir lc lcl`lntm mogltbvm nmr`itbvm-guràdbam
nmr`itbvm-guràdbam vbmclnabi ei`bcbir, i n qul tlnki amflrlnabi sbstl`é-
sbstl`é-
tbai amn cis dl`és nmr`is lsplabicls qul ci dlsirrmccin‐.

I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC | N· 9?5 • DBABL@O_L

KIALTI
KIALT ?:92 • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • pp. 4?-<;  4;

AM@LNTI_BM _LCLUINTL  el`bnbabdbm.
DL CI I\TM_I
Ln ci o÷squldi dl uni bntlrprlti-
abñn sbstl`étbai y tlclmcñkbai, sl fi
motlnbdm un rlsuctidm rlstrbatbvm dl
ci amnduati tàpbai, y cmkridm isà uni
 
dlebnbdi dbstbnabñn lntrl uni sbtui-
abñn dl amnecbatm ei`bcbir, dl iqulcci
qul amrrlspmndl i un amntlxtm dl
vbmclnabi ei`bcbir, ln lc qul lxbstl
vlrtbaicbdid, `mtbviabñn dlstruatbvi,
abacbabdid, prmkrlsbvbdid
prmkrlsbvbdid y amndbabm-
nls dl vucnlriobcbdid, qul b`pcbain
rblskm.
Bkuic`lntl, lc Iaulrdm Zclnirbm Nº :<-?:95/
ABG-995, ic dlsirrmccir cms dlcbtms dl vbmclnabi
amntri ci `uglr l bntlkrintls dlc krupm ei`b-
cbir, ln su amnsbdlrindm ; slùicñ qul dbafis
`inbelstiabmnls dl ci vbmclnabi –sl lxprlsin
ln un amntlxtm dl dm`bniabñn, pmr lccm `lrlal
uni prmtlaabñn plnic rlemrzidi‐8 isb`bs`m, lc
Iaulrdm Zclnirbm Nº :9-?:95/ABG-995, smorl
cms icainals tàpbams dlc dlcbtm dl el`bnbabdbm,  
slùicñ ln lc amnsbdlrindm <9 qul7
  XLPc `ñvbc smcm puldl dlduabrsl dl
mtrms arbtlrbms mogltbvms qul prlaldbl-
rmn m iam`piùirmn ic iatm el`bnbabdi.  
 
Ln lstl slntbdm, lc amntlxtm sbtuiabm-
nic  ln lc qul sl prmdual lc dlcbtm ls lc
qul puldl dir cuals dl cis rlciabmnls
dl pmdlr, glrirquài, suomrdbniabñn m dl
ci iatbtud suo lstb`itmrbi dlc fm`orl
fiabi ci `uglr. Zmdrài amnsbdlrirsl am`m
bndbabms amntbnklntls y prlaldlntls dlc
flafm bndbaidm7 ci `ulrtl dl ci `uglr
 pmr su amndbabñn dl tic. Dl ci aipiabdid
dl rlndb`blntm qul tlnki ci am`prln-
sbñn dlc  amntlxtm puldl cclkirsl i XciP
amnacusbñn qul lstl lcl`lntm suogltbvm
dlc tbpm, nm ls `és qul XunP klstm sb`-
 oñcbam dlc clkbscidmr piri
piri dltlr`bnir qul
46 pp. 4?-<; • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • DBABL@O_L ?:92 • N· 9?5  |  KIALT
lsté clkbscindm smorl ci rizñn dl slr dlc
Lntmnals, vmcvl`ms
vmcv l`ms i cm qul fl vlnbdm slùi-
cindm, piri pmdlr am`prlndlr amn `iymr
acirbdid añ`m sl prmdual lc elnñ`lnm arb-
`bnic ls nlalsirbm tm`ir amnmab`blntm ln
quâ amnsbstl lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi, y i
pirtbr dl lccm dlnbr ln quâ amnsbstl
am nsbstl ci
c i amn-
amn -
duati tàpbai. Ln lstl tbpm dl amnduatis lc
iklntl arli m sl iprmvlafi dl un amntlxtm
dl iousm dl pmdlr ln lc qul sl cl clsbmni
clsbmn i i ci
vàatb`i ln su sicud (eàsbai m psbamcñkbai) sb
ls qul nm sl sm`ltl, sl dmoclki su vmcuntid
`ldbintl lc pénbam. Lstm nms cclvi i ir`ir
qul lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi , ls prllxbs-
tlntl i cis clsbmnls prmduabdis, cis auicls
smn gusti`lntl rlicbzidis ln itlnabñn i qul
ci
Qmnvàatb`i `ulstriclsbmnls-aistbkm.
cis cci`idis mpmsbabñn i sm`ltlrsl.
Ls lsl
amntlxtm dl plr`inlntl amlrabñn, ln lc qul
ci vàatb`i nm puldl dlslnvmcvlrsl cborl-
`lntl pmr auintm sl lnaulntri ln un lstidm
aàacbam dl iclrti y `bldm, lc qul vucnlri
sus dlrlafms. Nm ls tin smcm aiusircl uni
clsbñn i ci vàatb`i, lc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic
ls `uafm `és am`pclgm y rlvbstl `iymr
plc bk
bkrm
rmsb
sbdi
did,
d, ls gu
gust
sti`l
i`lnt
ntll pm
pmrr lc
lccm
cm qu
qull
ls pcurbmelnsbvm. Dlsvbl`ms ci `bridi dlc
lnemqul dl ci smci prmduaabñn dl clsbmnls,
y mrblntâ`mscm fiabi unm qul plr`bti bdln-
tbair lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi. Ci rliaabñn
punbtbv i dlol slr dbelrlnabid
punbtbvi dbelrlnabidii piri bdlntb
bdln tb--
air auéndm nms lnamntri`ms intl ci lxbstln-
abi dl cm qul ln ci psbamcmkài sl dlnm`bni
un vànaucm plrvlrsm lntrl ci vàatb`i y lc
vbatb`irbm, qul arli un amntlxtm airiatlrb-
zidm pmr ci vlrtbaicbdid, ci `mtbviabñn dls-
truatbvi, ci abacbabdid, ci prmkrlsbvbdid y ci
vucnlriobcbdid dl ci vàatb`i, rlsuctindm qul
tmdm lccm amnstbtuyl lc rblskm.
BBB. Airiatlràstbais dlc amntlxtm dl
 vbmcln
 vbmclnabi
abi
Amnemr`l fl slùicidm prlaldlntl`lntl, lc
amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi amrrlspmndl ic vànaucm
KIALTI
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC

amlrabtbvm qul sl lnaulntri airiatlrbzidm
 pmr lc iousm dl pmdlr. Lstl amntlxtm dl vbm-
clnabi tblnl lcl`lntms qul cm airiatlrbzin,
ticls am`m ci vlrtbaicbdid, ci `mtbviabñn dls-
truatbvi,
lxbstlnabicidl
abacbabdid, ci prmkrlsbvbdid
amndbabmnls y ci
dl vucnlriobcbdid
dl ci vàatb`i. Qmn tmdis lstis airiatlràstb-
ais cis qul prmdualn lc rblskm ln cis vàatb-
`is, y smn cis qul gustbain ci bntlrvlnabñn
bn`ldbiti dlc Lstidm amn tinti dristbabdid
ln ci dbné`bai ei`bcbir m dl rlciabñn. Lstms
lcl`lntms dlc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi smn cis
airiatlràstbais qul fl bdm rlamkblndm i pir-
tbr dlc lstudbm dlc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic dlsdl
ci psbamcmkài, i n dl qul lc mplridmr gurà-
gurà-
dbam puldi bdlntbair amn `iymr prlabsbñn
auéndm sl lnaulntri intl un aism ln lc qul
ci vàatb`i sl lnaulntri ln rblskm, lccm i lela-
tms dl au`pcbr amn `iymr laiabi lc dlolr
lstitic dl dlobdi dbcbklnabi, isu`bdm intl
ci am`unbdid bntlrniabmnic. Bkuic`lntl, ci
lxbstlnabi dl lstms lcl`lntms dlc amntlxtm dl
vbmclnabi plr`btl idvlrtbr qul ls lc amntlxtm
ln lc qul sl prmdualn cis clsbmnls cis qul
 gustbain lc `iymr dlsvicmr dl ci amnduati
y lc qul klnlri `iymr intbgurbabdid ln lstis8
amidyuvin i am`prlndlr amn `iymr acirb-
did lc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic intl lc qul nms
lnamntri`ms8 y, plr`btln mrblntir fiabi uni
bntlrprltiabñn qul dlstblrrl pmr n lc lrridm
lnemqul dl amnsbdlrircms am`m dlcbtms dl
`ànb`i clsbvbdid.
Zmdl`ms idvlrtbr dlc iaulrdm pclnirbm, ln
su amnsbdlrindm ??, qul nm smci`lntl sl fi
rlamnmabdm lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi, sbnm
ti`obân ickunms dl lstms lcl`lntms qul cm
airiatlrbzin,
airiatlrbzin, y qul rlsictm i amntbnuiabñn7
XLPc l`pclm dl ci eulrzi eàsbai m psbamcñ-
kbai ls smcm lc `ldbm piri ci amnslauabñn
dlc n ÷ctb`m, qul ls lc – sm`ltb`blntm  lnaulntri mrblntidm i inucir ci vmcuntid dl
dl ci vàatb`i y amn lccm sl ielati ci sicud,
ci bkuicdid, lc dlrlafm i nm slr dbsarb`b-
nidm y ci `mtbviabñn dlstruatbvi ielati
lc cborl dlsirrmccm dl ci plrsmnicbdid.
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC | N· 9?5 • DBABL@O_L
KIALTI
KIALT
LQZLABIC
Amnemr`l vin i pmdlr idvlrtbr, ci pmnlnabi
l`btbdi intl lc pclnm suprl`m, lc lnemqul
 prmpulstm rlsplatm ic triti`blntm dlc elnñ-
`lnm arb`bnic l bntlrprltiabñn dl ci vbmclnabi
amntri ci tblnl
ei`bcbir, `uglram`m
y cms n
bntlkrintls
dlstlrrirdlc krupm
ci iatuic
bntlrprltiabñn dl ci vbmclnabi am`m lcl`lntm
dlsarbptbvm dlc tbpm, lstm ls, ci amnduati dl
aiusir clsbmnls i unm dl cms sugltms prmtlkbdms
 ‑`uglr m bntlkrintl dlc
dlc krupm ei`bcbir‑,
ei`bcbir‑, piri
iorbr pism i amnsbdlrir lc lcl`lntm amntlxtm
dl vbmclnabi, am`m unm nmr`itbvm dlc tbpm,
mrblnténdmsl isà fiabi un nulvm lnemqul
dl bntlrprltiabñn dl ci amnduati tàpbai , lc
lnemqul ablntàam dlc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic, un
lnemqul `uctbdbsabpcbnirbm amn `iymr bnab-
dlnabi dl ipmym dlsdl ci psbamcmkài.
Qmn cms lcl`lntms
rlamkbdms dlsdl ci dlc amntlxtm
psbamcmkài cmsdlqul
vbmclnabi
gustb -
gustb-
ain lc `iymr dlsvicmr dl ci amnduati, y qul
amnsbdlrm plr`btbrén ic mplridmr guràdbam
bdlntbair amn `iymr prlabsbñn lc amntlxtm
dl vbmclnabi, i n dl qul puldi lntlndlr dl
uni emr`i `és am`pclti lc am`pclgm dlsi-
rrmccm dlc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic y, amnslaulntl-
`lntl, sl puldi orbndir uni rlspulsti lstitic
 prmpmrabmnic l bdñnli.
9. Ci `mtbviabñn dlstruatbvi
Dlntrm dl lstms lcl`lntms prmpulstms piri
lntlndlr lc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic y cms lcl-
`lntms qul cm airiatlrbzin, dlom slùicir i cici
–`mtbviabñn dlstruatbvi‐, târ`bnm iauùidm
 pmr ci iutmri, arlidm piri lxpcbair ci dbné-
`bai lntrl vàatb`i y vbatb`irbm, lstm ls, lc
`ñvbc dlc ikrlsmr mrblntidm i b`pmnlr i ci
vàatb`i pitrmnls dl am`pmrti`blntm, y qul
am`m amnslaulnabi ielati lc cborl dlsirrmccm
dl su plrsmnicbdid. Lc `ñvbc dlc ikrlsmr sl
ci vàatb`i `ldbintl lc pénbam   y i ielatir
su n÷aclm dl plrsmnicbdid piri sm`ltlrci.
Lc vbatb`irbm clsbmni i su vàatb`i piri qul
dlgl dl slr qubln ls, y sli qubln âc qublrl qul
?:92 • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • pp. 4?-<;  42

sli, amn pitrmnls dl am`pmrti`blntm su`b-
sms l b`pulstms. Lsti bntlrprltiabñn i ci cuz
dl ci ablnabi, nms plr`btl lnaigir sbstl`étb-
ai`lntl ci ir`iabñn rlsplatm i qul lstms
dlcbtms
am`m cmielatin
slùici cms dlrlafms fu`inms,
lc prlé`oucm tic y
dl ci Amnvln-
abñn bntlri`lrbaini piri prlvlnbr, sinabmnir
y lrridbair ci vbmclnabi amntri ci `uglr –Amn-
vlnabñn Olcâ` dm Ziré‐.
Ls b`pmrtintl dlstiair ln lstl puntm qul ci
lxpmsbabñn dl `mtbvms dlc Dlarltm Clkbsci-
tbvm Nº 91?1, dlarltm clkbscitbvm qul emrti-
clal ci cuafi amntri lc el`bnbabdbm, ci vbmcln-
abi ei`bcbir y ci vbmclnabi
vb mclnabi dl kânlrm, ic fialr
icusbñn i ci nlalsbdid dl cms ai`obms nmr`i-
tbvms, ic rlelrbrsl i ci vbmclnabi, slùici qul
lsti surkl dlobdm i ci klnlriabñn dl un amn-
tlxtm plrvlrsm dl nmr`icbziabñn dl ickunis
sbtuiabmnls dl vbmclnabi y ikrlsbñn. Bkuic-
`lntl, fial icusbñn i qul ci vbmclnabi ls ci
dl`mstriabñn `és bntlnsi dl pmdlr ln tintm
ielati lc alntrm dl ci lxbstlnabi dl ci vàatb`i,
lsl lglrababm dl dm`bniabñn prmdual lelatm
 pmr cm dl`és ikcutbnintl, puls `intblnl ci
 prlslnabi dl ci `ulrtl, icb`lnti lc tl`mr ln
lcci y dbsuidl cis lsplrinzis dl suosbstlnabi.
Qlùici ci `lnabmnidi lxpmsbabñn dl `mtbvms
qul ln lsl amntlxtm, lc dlskistl dlc vànaucm
fu`inm ls bnsmpmrtiocl.
Lstl lcl`lntm dlc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi fi
sbdm rlamnmabdm pmr lc Iaulrdm Zclnirbm
 Nº 2-?
2-?:92
:92/AB
/ABG-995
G-995,, ln sus amns
amnsbdlr
bdlrindm
indmss
?? y ?1, ic fialr icusbñn i qul lc obln gurà-
dbam tutlcidm ls pcurbmelnsbvm, y ielaténdmsl
am`m unm dl lstms, lc cborl dlsirrmccm dl ci
 plrsmnicbdid dl ci vàatb`i.
vàatb`i.
 
??. XLPc l`pclm dl ci eulrzi eàsbai m psbam-
cñkbai ls smcm lc `ldbm piri ci amnslauabñn
4 Amrtl Bntlri`lrbaini
Bntlri`lrbaini dl Dlrlafms Fu`inms. I`baus AurbilAurbil mpbnbñn amnsuctbvi smcbabtidi
_bai, smorl lc dlrlafm i ci bdlntbdid ln cis plrsmnis trins y lc prmaldb`blntm idlauidm piri lc rlamnmab`blntm dl
ci bdlntbdid dl kânlrm.
<: pp. 4?-<; • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • DBABL@O_L ?:92 • N· 9?5  |  KIALT
dlc n ÷ctb`m, qul ls lc –sm`ltb`blntm dl
ci vàatb`i y amn lccm sl ielati ci sicud, ci
bkuicdid, lc dlrlafm i nm slr dbsarb`bnidm
y ci `mtbviabñn dlstruatbvi ielati lc cborl
dlsirrmccm dl ci plrsmnicbdid‐.
  ?1. I pirtbr dl cm lxpulstm ls dl bdln-
tbebair qul lc obln guràdbam tutlcidm ln
lc dlcbtm prlvbstm ln lc irtàaucm 9??-O
dlc Añdbkm Zlnic ls pcurbmelnsbvm, plrm
amn `itbals dbstbntms piri aidi unm
dl cms supulstms abtidms. Ln lc prb`lr
supulstm (vbmclnabi dl kânlrm), sl prm-
tlkl ci bntlkrbdid eàsbai y ci sicud dl ci
`uglr, amnarlti`lntl lc dlrlafm i vbvbr
uni vbdi cborl dl vbmclnabi amntlnbdm
ln ci Amnvlnabñn Olcâ` dm Ziré, cly
y su rlkci`lntm8 plrm prbnabpic`lntl
 pmr
nls su bnlsabndbocl
bnlsabn
guràdbams, dbocl unbdid`itlrbic
ci cbolrtid amn cms yobl-
lc
cborl dlsirrmccm dl ci plrsmnicbdid
dl ci `uglr   ‑lc irtàaucm 2 dl ci Cly
 Nº 1:154 rlsicti
r lsicti lc dlrlafm i ci `uglr i
lstir cborl dl tmdi emr`i dl dbsarb`bni-
abñn, lstbk`itbziabñn y pitrmnls suomr-
dbnidms dl am`pmrti`blntms, préatbais
smabicls y aucturicls oisidis ln amnalp-
tms dl bnelrbmrbdid y suomrdbniabñn‑.
Ls isà, qul ci `mtbviabñn dlstruatbvi ielati
lc cborl dlsirrmccm dl ci plrsmnicbdid  dl
ci vàatb`i, lc auic amrrlspmndl ic dlrlafm
dl tmdm bndbvbdum i lclkbr dl emr`i cborl y
iutñnm`i añ`m qublrl slr, dlabdbr lc slntbdm
dl su prmpbi lxbstlnabi sbn amiaabñn nb amn-
trmcls bngustbaidms, amn lc n dl au`pcbr sus
`ltis u mogltbvms gidms, dl iaulrdm amn sus
vicmrls, bdlis, lxplatitbvis, kustms, lta.8 lstl
obln guràdbam amnstbtuyl un dlrlafm plrsmni-
càsb`m, plrtlnlablntl ic é`obtm prmpbm dlc slr
fu`inm4.
smcbabtidi pmr lc Lstidm dl Amsti
KIALTI
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC

?. Ulrtbaicbdid
_ltmrnl`ms lntmnals ic amntlxtm dl vbmcln-
abi. Am`m fl slùicidm, cis clsbmnls eàsbais
m psbamcñkbais sl prmdualn am`m aistbkm
 pmr nm moldlalr ic ikrlsmr, qubln `intblnl
uni rlciabñn dl suplrbmrbdid ‑eàsbai, psbam-
cñkbai, lamnñ`bai, smabic‑ smorl ci vàatb`i,
qul rl÷nl amndbabmnls dl vucnlriobcbdid.
Zmr lccm, lc slkundm lcl`lntm prmpulstm,
lc lcl`lntm dl –vlrtbaicbdid‐, nms plr`btl
idvlrtbr ci dbné`bai dl sm`ltb`blntm ln lc
qul sl lnaulntri ci vàatb`i. Ic amnstbtubrsl
un vànaucm dl iousm dl pmdlr, ci vmcuntid
dl ci vàatb`i sl lnaulntri sm`ltbdi i ci
dlc ikrlsmr. Nms lnamntri`ms isà, intl un
vànaucm pitmcñkbam dl rlciabñn ‑dlnm`bnidm
ti`obân vànaucm plrvlrsm‑ airiatlrbzidm pmr
lc amntrmc. Ls lc `lnabmnidm lcl`lntm dl
vlrtbaicbdid lc qul vucnlri lc dlrlafm dl ci
vàatb`i i ci bkuicdid y nm dbsarb`bniabñn.
Bkuic`lntl, lstl lcl`lntm ls am`pitbocl amn
cm dlsirrmccidm pmr ci psbamcmkài, y lxpulstm
ln lc @mdlcm Ducutf m _uldi dlc Zmdlr y
lc Amntrmc, dl Lccln Zlnal y @bafilc Ziy-
`ir (9221), lc `bs`m qul dlstiai cis amn-
duatis dl amntrmc qul sulcln prlslntir cis
 plrsmnis ikrlsmris piri dl`mstrir lc pmdlr
smorl sus vàatb`is.
Lc lcl`lntm dl vlrtbaicbdid ambnabdl amn
cm dlsirrmccidm ln ci lxpmsbabñn dl `mtb-
vms dlc Dlarltm Clkbscitbvm Nº 91?1, qul
fial rlelrlnabi ic Zcin Niabmnic amntri ci
Ubmclnabi dl Kânlrm ?:95-?:?9 (ln idl-
cintl, Zcin Niabmnic), iprmoidm pmr lc D.Q.
 Nº ::6-?:95-@B@Z,
::6-?:95-@B@Z, bndbaindm qul lsti
lsti vbm-
clnabi maurrl ln un amntlxtm dl dlsbkuic-
did sbstl`étbai qul rl`btl i uni sbtuiabñn
lstruaturic y i un elnñ`lnm smabic y aucturic
lnribzidm ln cis amstu`orls y `lnticbdi-
dls dl tmdis cis smabldidls, qul sl ipmyi
ln amnalpabmnls rlelrlntls i ci bnelrbmrb-
did y suomrdbniabñn oisidis ln ci dbsarb-
`bniabñn pmr slxm-kânlrm. Qlùici qul lstis
sbtuiabmnls lvbdlnabin qul cms é`obtms dl
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC | N· 9?5 • DBABL@O_L
KIALTI
KIALT
LQZLABIC
AM@LNTI_BM _LCLUINTL 
DL CI I\TM_I
Ci bdlntbebaiabñn prlabsi pmr pirtl
dlc Lstidm, dl uni amnduati tàpbai
dlsarbti ln lc irtàaucm 9??-O, nms vi i
plr`btbr lvbtir iqulcci sinabmnidi ln
lc irtàaucm 9:6-O dlc Añdbkm Zlnic.
Ci ÷nbai emr`i amn ci qul lc mplri-
dmr guràdbam vi i pmdlr bdlntbebair lc
elnñ`lnm arb`bnic, ls `ldbintl lc
amnmab`blntm dl cis airiatlràstbais
dlc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi, pmr lccm ls
qul arlâ lsti prmpulsti.
amntrmc smorl ci pirlgi m lxpirlgi sl lglr-
aln ln lc amntlxtm dl ci vbmclnabi amntri ci
`uglr, sblndm lc el`bnbabdbm un iatm ÷ctb`m
y `és krivl dl vbmclnabi
vb mclnabi amntri cis `uglrls,
 prmduatm dlc eriaism dl sm`ltlrcis y amntrm-
circis. Bndbai lc `lnabmnidm Zcin Niabmnic,
qul ci vlrtbaicbdid dl ci bntlriaabñn fu`ini
sl vi nmr`icbzindm dl uni emr`i triu`étbai.
Bkuic`lntl, lstl lcl`lntm dlc amntlxtm dl
vbmclnabi, cm lnamntri`ms dlsirrmccidm ln
sus amnalptms ln lc pclnirbm ln `lnabñn,
amnemr`l rlsictm7
  ??. XLPc l`pclm dl ci eulrzi eàsbai m psb-
amcñkbai ls smcm lc `ldbm piri ci amnsl-
auabñn dlc n ÷ctb`m, qul ls lc sm`ltb-
`blntm dl ci vàatb`i y amn lccm sl ielati
ci sicud, ci bkuicdid, lc dlrlafm i nm
slr dbsarb`bnidm  y ci `mtbviabñn dls-
truatbvi ielati lc cborl dlsirrmccm dl ci
 plrsmnicbdid.
  ?1. I pirtbr dl cm lxpulstm ls dl bdlntbair
qul lc obln guràdbam tutlcidm ln lc dlcbtm
 prlvbstm ln lc irtàaucm 9??-O dlc Añdbkm
Zlnic ls pcurbmelnsbvm plrm amn `itbals
dbstbntms piri aidi unm dl cms supulstms
?:92 • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • pp. 4?-<;  <9

abtidms. Ln lc prb`lr supulstm (vbmclnabi
dl kânlrm), sl prmtlkl ci bntlkrbdid eàsbai
y ci sicud dl ci `uglr, amnarlti`lntl lc
dlrlafm i vbvbr uni vbdi cborl dl vbmcln-
abi amntlnbdm
dm Ziré, lnrlkci`lntm8
cly y su ci Amnvlnabñnplrm Olcâ`
prbnab-  
 pic`lntl pmr su bnlsabndbocl unbdid amn
cms oblnls guràdbams, ci cbolrtid `itlrbic y
lc cborl dlsirrmccm dl ci plrsmnicbdid dl
ci `uglr ‑lc irtàaucm 2 dl ci Cly 1:154
rlsicti lc dlrlafm i ci `uglr i lstir cborl
dl tmdi emr`i dl dbsarb`bniabñn, lstbk-
`itbziabñn y pitrmnls suomrdbnidms dl
am`pmrti`blntms, préatbais smabicls y  
aucturicls oisidis ln amnalptms dl bnel-
rbmrbdid y suomrdbniabñn. (Lc rlsictidm
ls nulstrm).
Ln lelatm, lstl lcl`lntm qul airiatlrbzi
lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi ielati ci bkuicdid
`itlrbic y lc dlrlafm dl ci vàatb`i i nm slr
dbsarb`bnidi, ir`iabñn qul ls am`pitbocl
amn cm slùicidm pmr ci Amnvlnabñn smorl ci
lcb`bniabñn dl tmdi emr`i dl dbsarb`bni-
abñn amntri ci `uglr (Aldiw) isà am`m pmr ci
Amnvlnabñn Olcâ` dm Ziré.  
 
1. Ci abacbabdid
Lc tlralr lcl`lntm qul airiatlrbzi lc amn-
tlxtm dl vbmclnabi, ci –abacbabdid‐, ls un lcl-
`lntm prmpulstm qul plr`btl ci am`prlnsbñn
dlc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic, nm am`m un flafm
ibscidm dl prmduaabñn dl clsbmnls, sbnm unm
qul amrrlspmndl i un amntlxtm amnstbtubdm
 pmr  ltipis aàacbais l bntlr`btlntls dl bntlnsi
vbmclnabi y prmeundis dl`mstriabmnls dl
ielatm qul sl din ln emr`i dl `inbpuciabñn.
Ls pmr ci lxbstlnabi dl lstl lcl`lntm ln ci
dbné`bai dbseunabmnic dl ci rlciabñn, qul sl
maisbmni amneusbñn ln ci vàatb`i y ls cm qul
cms psbañcmkms dlnm`bnin uni tri`pi psbam-
cñkbai. Ql arli un vànaucm dl dlplndlnabi  
lntrl ci vàatb`i y vbatb`irbm, y ls ln itlnabñn  
i lccm qul ci vàatb`i gustbai ci vbmclnabi, y
idl`és nm sl plraiti dlc amntlxtm ln lc qul
sl lnaulntri fisti qul cl smorldb`lnsbmni.
<? pp. 4?-<; • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • DBABL@O_L ?:92 • N· 9?5  |  KIALT
Ln lelatm, lc abacm dl ci vbmclnabi tblnl trls
ltipis7 ci iau`uciabñn dl tlnsbñn, ln lc qul
cis ikrlsbmnls smn dl pmai krivldid m pmam
erlaulntls, y ci vàatb`i klnlri lstritlkbis
piri lvidbrmcibnabdlntl
lxpcmsbñn ikrlsbvbdid dlc vbatb`irbm8
ikudm dl ikrlsbñn ci,
ln ci qul maurrl uni pârdbdi dl amntrmc dl
ci sbtuiabñn y sl prmdual lc bnabdlntl ikudm
dl ikrlsbñn, qul aiusi pénbam ln ci vàatb`i,
cmkrindm ci su`bsbñn dl lsti y lc dlsomrdl
dl sus rlaursms psbamcñkbams8 y, lc irrl-
plntb`blntm   m cci`idi ti`obân –cuni dl
`blc‐, ln ci qul lc vbatb`irbm lxprlsi irrl-
plntb`blntm y ielatm, `inbpuci i ci vàatb`i
`ldbintl ci tlrnuri m airbùm, triténdmci dl
am`plnsir, cmkrindm rlauplrir ci amninzi
dl ci vàatb`i. Ls ln lsti ÷ctb`i eisl ln ci
qul lc vànaucm dl dlplndlnabi lntrl vàatb`i
y vbatb`irbm sl emrticlal, y ls lsti eisl dlc
lcl`lntm abacbabdid, ci qul dbaucti ci iatui-
iatui -
abñn dl cms mplridmrls guràdbams ic iomrdir
uni bnvlstbkiabñn m prmalsm plnic, tmdi vlz
qul, ic lnamntrirsl ln lsti ltipi, ci vàatb`i
sl rltriati dl su bnbabic vlrsbñn, gustbaindm
ic ikrlsmr m bnacusm, itrbouyândmsl lcci rls-
pmnsiob
pmn siobcbd
cbdid.
id. Uàat
Uàatb`i
b`i y ikr
ikrlsmr
lsmr sl iebi
iebin-
n-
zin, plraboblndm ic mplridmr guràdbam am`m
iqulc qul bntlnti dlstrubr su vànaucm iela-
tbvm m ei`bcbir, y vulcain su dlstruatbvbdid
fiabi iqulc qul bntlrvblnl am`m i`lnizi i
su bntlriaabñn dbseunabmnic. Ls usuic qul ln
amntlxtms dl vbmclnabi, auindm ci vàatb`i y
vbatb`irbm sl lnaulntrin ln ci ltipi dl –cuni
dl `blc‐ m –rlamnabcbiabñn‐, ci vàatb`i rlprm-
afl ic saic m gulz lc bntlrvlnbr ln su dbné-
dbné -
`bai rlciabmnic.
Lstl lcl`lntm dlc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi ls lc
qul `iymr prmocl`étbai nms tril i cms mpl-
ridmrls guràdbams, y ls lc qul maisbmni qul
sl cl rlstl arldbobcbdid i ci vlrsbñn bnbabic dl
ci vàatb`i, m qul nm sl plr`bti cmkrir rlai-
oir pruloi dl airkm
airkm qul rlsuctl vécbdi ln cms
prmalsms piri dlstrubr ci prlsunabñn dl bnm-
alnabi. L`plrm, amnsbdlrm qul, sb lc mplri-
dmr guràdbam amnmal ci lxbstlnabi dl lstl lcl-
`lntm, vi i pmdlr utbcbzir tmdms sus rlaursms
KIALTI
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC

 piri lxpcmr
lxpcmrir
ir bn`ldb
bn`ldbiti`lnt
iti`lntll i ci vàatb
vàatb`i
`i
auindm i÷n nm irrboi ci tlralri ltipi dl ci
abacbabdid dl ci vbmclnabi. Ls ln ci ltipi dl
–lxpcmsbñn dl tlnsbñn‐, y intls qul vàatb`i
y vbatb`irbm sl lnaulntrln
–rlamnabcbiabñn‐, ln ciqul
dmndl tlnl`ms ltipi dl
lnem-
air tmdms nulstrms rlaursms piri pmdlr rlunbr
tmdi ci airki prmoitmrbi.
Idl`és dl lccm, ls bkuic`lntl rlclvintl
`lnabmnir qul ci abacbabdid plr`btl lvb-
dlnabir ci amntbnubdid dlcbatbvi dlc iklntl,
am`m fl slùicidm, ci amnduati tàpbai nm sl
ikmti amn ci smci clsbñn, sbnm qul dlol slr
lntlndbdi am`m un prmalsm amntlxtuic, tic y
amnemr`l cm slùici lc irtàaucm 4 dlc _lkci-
`lntm dl ci Cly Nº 1:154.
Lstl lcl`lntm fi sbdm rlamnmabdm pmr lc
`lnabmnidm iaulrdm pclnirbm, ic slùicir ln
su amnsbdlrindm 49, qul7
  R lc airéatlr aàacbam dl ci vbmclnabi ln
ci vbdi amtbdbini ei`bcbir, dltlr`bnin lc
dlolr lstitic, amnemr`l cm slùici ci Amn-
vlnabñn Olcâ` dm Ziré (irtàaucm ;), dl
tm`ir cis `ldbdis iprmpbidis piri `mdb-
air préatbais guràdbais qul rlspicdln ci
 plrsbstlnabi m tmclrinabi dl ci vbmclnabi
amntri cis `uglrls.
Amnsbdlrm b`pmrtintl dlstiair qul auindm
slùicm ci nlalsbdid dl ci lxbstlnabi dl lstl
lcl`lntm dlc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi, lccm nm
dlol bntlrprltirsl rlsplatm i qul sl rlqublri
nlalsirbi`lntl qul sl fiyin prmduabdm
clsbmnls eàsbais intlrbmrls i ci vàatb`i. Lsti
airiatlràstbai dlc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi sl
rleblrl i qul ci dbné`bai lntrl vàatb`i y
vbatb`irbm lstâ airiatlrbzidi pmr –lxpcmsbm-
nls dl bri‐ plrbñdbais l bntlr`btlntls, qul
 puldln slr pisbocls dl bneundbr lc suablntl
tl`mr ln ci vàatb`i am`m piri inucir su
vmcuntid. Cis lxpcmsbmnls dl bri, m ltipi dl
lxpcmsbñn m bnabdlntl ikudm dl ikrlsbñn, nm
sl lxprlsin smci`lntl amn ikrlsbmnls eàsbais,
smn `÷ctbpcls cis emr`is dl vbmclnabi qul
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC | N· 9?5 • DBABL@O_L
KIALTI
KIALT
LQZLABIC
slùici ci nmr`i. Lc ikrlsmr sm`ltl i su vàa-
tb`i ikrldbândmci vlroic`lntl, dlstruylndm
sus oblnls, dlnbkréndmci am`m slr fu`inm,
bnsucténdmci, kmcplindm ci pirld piri isus-
tirci, smn puldl
lc ikrlsmr bnnu`lriocls cis emr`is
fialr lntrir ln iqul
ln pénbam ci
vàatb`i, lstl lcl`lntm am`m airiatlràstbai
dlc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi nm smcm sl ikmti
ln uni sb`pcl bntlrprltiabñn dl rlqulrbr qul
sl fiyin prmduabdm intlrbmrls clsbmnls eàsb-
ais. Zmr lccm ls qul ls su`i`lntl b`pmr-
tintl lntlndlr lc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic dlsdl
ci psbamcmkài.
4. Zrmkrlsbvbdid
Lc auirtm lcl`lntm am`m airiatlràstbai dlc
amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi, qul eul lxpulstm ln ci
iudblnabi p÷ocbai y qul sl lnaulntri bnamr-
 pmridm ln lc bnemr`l l`btbdm intl lc pclnm
suprl`m, lc auic amnsbdlrm dltlr`bnintl y ln
lc qul sl eundi`lnti ci bntlrvlnabñn bn`l-
dbiti dlc Lstidm, cm amnstbtuyl ci –prmkrl-
sbvbdid‐, lstm ls, ci vbmclnabi ls plcbkrmsi
 pmrqul sl bntlnsbai prmkrlsbvi`lntl, tintm
ln `mdm am`m ln bntlnsbdid. Ls lstl lcl-
`lntm lc qul gustbai qul sl fiyin arb`bnicb-
arb`bnicb -
zidm iqulccis clsbmnls clvàsb`is prmduabdis
ln lstl amntlxtm, y qul prltlndl lvbtir uni
amnduati lsaicmnidi auym ÷ctb`m lscioñn cm
amnstbtuyl lc el`bnbabdbm.
Lstl lcl`lntm fi sbdm dlsirrmccidm pmr ci
 psbamcmkài
 psbamcm kài i pirtbr dlc @mdlcm dl ci lsai-
cidi dl ci vbmclnabi , lc qul lxpcbai añ`m
ci vbmclnabi ivinzi ln lspbric. Ln auindm ic
`mdm, sl bnbabi ielaténdmcl ci iutmlstb`i i ci
vàatb`i, culkm sl pisin i cis ikrlsbmnls vlr-
 oicls, ic `ictritm psbamcñkbam
psbamcñkbam y i ci vbmclnabi
eàsbai. Amnemr`l vi ivinzindm lc `mdm ln
qul sl prmdual, ci vbmclnabi sl dbrbkl nm smcm
fiabi ci vàatb`i, sbnm bnacusm sl lxtblndl i
 plrsmnis vbnaucidis i lcci
lcci amn lc n dl cmkrir
lc aistbkm `ldbintl lc suerb`blntm. Ls pmr
lccm qul pmdl`ms vlr aisms ln cms qul lc
ikrlsmr lxtblndl ci vbmclnabi fiabi cms fbgms
?:92 • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • pp. 4?-<;  <1

dl ci vàatb`i, maisbmnéndmcl suerb`blntm amn
lc mogltm dl aistbkirci, cistb`indm iqulccm
qul cl ls `és b`pmrtintl.
Ln auintm i ci bntlnsbdid, ci vbmclnabi sl vi
bntlnsbaindm ti`obân dl emr`i prmkrlsbvi.
Ls isà qul lstl lcl`lntm ls lc qul nms plr-
`btl am`prlndlr lc `mtbvm pmr lc qul sl gus-
tbai ci arb`bnicbziabñn dl cis clsbmnls clvà-
clvà -
sb`is prmduabdis ln amntlxtms dl vbmclnabi,
lccm gusti`lntl piri bntlrvlnbr dl `inlri
dréstbai y mpmrtuni, intls qul sl auc`bnl amn
ci vbdi dl ci vàatb`i. Zmr lccm, sl fi smstlnbdm
bnsbstlntl`lntl qul ci bdlntbaiabñn prlabsi
 pmr pirtl dlc Lstidm, dl uni amnduati tàpbai
dlsarbti ln lc irtàaucm 9??-O, nms vi i plr-
`btbr lvbtir iqulcci sinabmnidi ln lc irtàaucm
9:6-O dlc Añdbkm Zlnic. Ci ÷nbai emr`i amn
ci qul lc mplridmr guràdbam vi i pmdlr bdln-
tbair lc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic, ls `ldbintl lc
amnmab`blntm dl cis airiatlràstbais dlc amn-
tlxtm dl vbmclnabi, pmr lccm ls qul arlâ lsti
 prmpulsti.
Zmdl`ms lnamntrir lstl lcl`lntm ln ci
lxpmsbabñn dl `mtbvms dlc Dlarltm Clkbs-
citbvm Nº 91?1, qul arb`bnicbzñ cis clsbmnls
clvàsb`is prmduabdis ln amntlxtms dl vbmcln-
abi amntri ci `uglr l bntlkrintls dlc krupm
ei`bcbir, auindm ic fialr icusbñn i ci vbmcln-
abi ir`i qul lstis sbtuiabmnls dl dm`bnbm
sl rlciabmnin amn pitrmnls dl suomrdbniabñn
qul ic slr dlsiidms m triskrldbdms maisbm-
maisbm-
nin uni lsaicidi dl vbmclnabi auym ÷ctb`m
lscioñn ls lc el`bnbabdbm.
Bkuic`lntl, fi sbdm iomrdidm pmr lc _laursm
dl Nucbdid Nº 965<-?:9<-Fuinaivlcbai, ic
slùicir qul lstis clsbmnls smn bneriaabmnls
 plnicls qul maisbmnin krivl icir`i smabic,
ci cñkbai am`bsbvi ls su rlbtlriabñn, ln lc
qul lc nbvlc dl prmkrlsbñn ln ci ikrlsbñn i ci
`uglr ls uni amnstintl sb ls qul nm sl triti
 psbamcñkbai y/m psbqubétrbai`lntl
psbqubétrbai`lntl ic ikrlsmr.
ikrlsmr.
Ls `és, dlntrm dl cms intlaldlntls clkbsci-
tbvms dl ci Cly Nº 1:;9:, qul prmfàol ci
<4 pp. 4?-<; • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • DBABL@O_L ?:92 • N· 9?5  |  KIALT
susplnsbñn dl ci lglauabñn dl ci plni piri
lstl tbpm dl dlcbtms, tlnl`ms ic Zrmylatm dl
Cly  Nº
Nº ;?/?:95-A_, lc auic ir`i qul lsti
 prmpulsti ousai
ousai erlnir lc nbvlc dl prmkrlsbñn
qul
nui, sbkul
dlobdm`inbelsténdmsl
i qul ci vbmclnabidlamntri
emr`ici amntb-
`uglr
nm fi alsidm plsl i fiolrsl bnarl`lntidm
ci sinabñn punbtbvi, puls ln ci `iymrài dl
aisms su lglauabñn sl susplndl y lc iklntl
vulcvl i am`ltlr dlcbtm.
Bkuic`lntl, lc Am`btâ dl Lxplrtis dlc
@lainbs`m dl Qlkub`blntm dl ci Amnvln-
abñn Dl Olcâ` dm Ziré (@LQLAUB), slùici
ln lc slkundm Bnemr`l dl Qlkub`blntm i ci
B`pcl`lntiabñn dl cis _lam`lndiabmnls dlc
Am`btâ dl Lxplrtms dlc @LQLAUB qul prl-
maupi ic Am`btâ qul cis bnstbtuabmnls `bnb-
`baln cms dlcbtms dl kânlrm, bnarl`lntindm
lc plcbkrm ln lc qul sl lnaulntrin cis vàatb-
`is. Lc Am`btâ rlaulrdi qul ln cms aisms
`és krivls, ci vbmclnabi dlntrm dl ci pirlgi
tlr`bni amn ci `ulrtl y lc rblskm piri cis
`uglrls i `lnudm iu`lnti dlspuâs dl qul
lccis dlabdln dlgir ci rlciabñn dl vbmclnabi
ln ci qul vbvln.
<. Amndbabmnls dl vucnlriobcbdid dl ci
 vàatb`i
Zmr ÷ctb`m, cis amndbabmnls dl vucnlriobcb-
did smn iqulccis airiatlràstbais dl ci vàa-
tb`i qul plr`btln qul lc ikrlsmr ci sm`lti.
Lstis puldln slr psbamcñkbais ‑cis vàatb`is
dlsirrmccin cm qul sl dlnm`bni lc sàndrm`l
dl bndlelnsbñn iprlndbdi m lc sàndrm`l dl
`uglr `ictritidi‑, puldln slr lamnñ`bais,
smabicls, m amntlxtuicls. Dlol `lnabmnirsl
qul piri qul lxbsti ci dbné`bai dbseunabmnic
dl vàatb`i-vbatb`irbm, sl rlqublrl nm smcm dl
cis amndbabmnls dl iousm dl pmdlr pmr pirtl
dlc ikrlsmr, sbnm qul ci vàatb`i sl lnaulntrl
ln uni sbtuiabñn ln ci qul nm puldi lglralr
sus dlrlafms.
Qmorl lstl lcl`lntm, lc Dbati`ln dl ci
Am`bsbñn dl Gustbabi y Dlrlafms Fu`inms,
KIALTI
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC
 

LQZLABIC

qul sl lnaulntri am`m intlaldlntl i ci Cly

 Nº 1:15
1:154,
4, Cly piri prlv
prlvlnbr,
lnbr, sinab
sinabmnir
mnir y AM@LNTI_BM _LCLUINTL 
lrridbair ci vbmclnabi amntri ci `uglr y cms DL CI I\TM_I
bntlkrintls dlc krupm ei`bcbir, slùici qul ci

cly tblnl yam`m

nlriocl8 ln cin prmtlklr idlun`mtbvms
lxpmsbabñn krupm vuc-
vuc
dlc- Ci bntlrprltiabñn
lqubcborbm lntrl lcprmpulsti ousai lc
usm prmpmrabmnic
Zrmylatm dl Cly Nº ;?/?:95, intlaldlntl dl dl lstis nmr`is, ic rlspltir ci vbdi
ci Cly Nº 1:;9: qul `mdbañ lc irtàaucm <; prbvidi dl cms amnecbatms ei`bcbirls
dlc Añdbkm Zlnic, prmfboblndm ci susplnsbñn  y rlciabmn
rlciabmnls
ls fu`ini
fu`inis,s, sbn
sbn prltlnd
prltlndlr
lr
dl ci lglauabñn dl ci plni piri lstl tbpm dl qul lc Lstidm bnvidi ln lc dlsirrmccm
dlcbtms, slùicñ qul su itlnabñn dlol slr prbm- dl su prmpbm y prbvidm arlab`blntm,
rbzidi pmr ci sbtuiabñn
sbtuiabñn dl vucnlriobcbd
vucnlrio bcbdid.
id. Zmr dlstruylndm cizms ielatbvms8 y pmr
÷ctb`m, lc _lkci`lntm dl ci Cly Nº 1:154, mtrm cidm, tblnl am`m mogltbvm lc
iprmoidm pmr lc D.Q.
D .Q. Nº ::4-?:92-@B@Z
::4-?:92-@B@Z,, ln pmdlr bdlntbebair ialrtidi`lntl
su irtàaucm 4, bnabsm ?, dlnl i cis plrsmnis auéndm nms lnamntri`ms intl un
ln amndbabñn dl vucnlriobcbdid, am`m iqulccis amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi8 lc gustm lqub-
qul ln rizñn dl su ldid, kânlrm, lstidm eàsbam
cborbm.
m `lntic, mrbkln âtnbam, m pmr abraunstinabis
smabicls, lamnñ`bais, aucturicls m cbnkóàstbais,
sl lnaulntrin amn lsplabicls dbauctidls piri
lglralr amn pclnbtud sus dlrlafms. dlc lcl`lntm tàpbam vbmclnabi, am`m lcl-
`lntm dlsarbptbvm dlc tbpm fiabi ci am`-
BU. Amnacusbmnls  prlnsbñn dl ci vbmclnabi am`m amntlxtm,
lccm oisidm ln lc lstudbm dlc elnñ`lnm
n  Lc rlablntl Iaulrdm Zclnirbm Nº :2-?:92/ arb`bnic dlsdl ci psbamcmkài, cm qul cm
ABG-995, idl`és dl dlsirrmccir cms `mtb- amnvblrtl ln un lcl`lntm nmr`itbvm
vms pmr cms qul nm dlol ipcbairsl lc prbn- dlc tbpm qul dlol slr vicmridm piri su
abpbm dl mpmrtunbdid y iaulrdm rlpiri- amrrlati am`prlnsbñn.
tmrbm, y dlsirrmccir ci prmocl`étbai dl su
 punbab
 pun babñn,
ñn, orb
orbndi
ndi un nulv
nulvmm lne
lnemqul
mqul dl   Lstl lnemqul rlicbzidm `ldbintl cms 
n

bntlrprltiabñn8 nms slùici qul lstms dlcb- `âtmdms sbstl`étbam y tlclmcñkbam dl

tms smn pcurbmelnsbvms,
amntlxtm fialcis
ln qul sl prmdualn icusbñn ic
clsbmnls,
y rlamnmal ickunms dl cms lcl`lntms dlc
amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi qul prmpusl ln ci
iudblnabi p÷ocbai l bnemr`l intl lc Zclnm
Quprl`m. Lstl pism b`pmrtintl plr`btl  
amntbnuir amn ci prmpulsti dl lnemqul
rlstrbatbvm dl ci amnduati tàpbai, lccm oigm
uni bntlrprltiabñn sbstl`étbai y tlclmcñ-
kbai, amn ipmym ln cis ablnabis piri lc
`lgmr lntlndb`blntm dlc elnñ`lnm arb-
`bnic qul sl lnerlnti.
n  B`pucsm uni nulvi amrrblntl dl bntlrprl-
bntlrprltiabñn dl cis nmr`is nms plr`btl
cclkir i un rlsuctidm dl bntlrprltiabñn
rlstrbatbvi dl ci amnduati tàpbai qul ls
am`pitbocl amn lc rlspltm pmr cms cà`b-
tls `itlrbicls dlc Dlrlafm Zlnic, y qul
prltlndl lvbtir ci bntlrvlnabñn plnic ln
sbtuiabmnls dl amnbatm ei`bcbir aiutl-
aiutl -
cindm cms cizms ei`bcbirls y ielatbvms,
cb`btindm ci bntlrvlnabñn dlc Lstidm i
sbtuiabmnls ln cis qul sli nlalsirbi ln
itlnabñn i ci lxbstlnabi dl un amntlxtm
dl vbmclnabi airiatlrbzidm pmr ci prmkrl-
sbvbdid, ci abacbabdid, cis amndbabmnls dl
vucnlriobcbdid, ci vlrtbaicbdid y `mtbvi-

tiabñn i n dl ai`obir lc iatuic lnemqul abñn dlstruatbvi. Ci bntlrvlnabñn dréstbai

I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC | N· 9?5 • DBABL@O_L

KIALTI
KIALT ?:92 • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • pp. 4?-<;  <<

lstitic dlol lstir rlslrvidi smcm piri un
amntlxtm amn dbafis airiatlràstbais, y ls
lc Lstidm lc qul dlol bdlntbair ialrti-
ialrti -
di`lntl lstl piri nm am`ltlr lxalsms ln
 plrgubabm dl ci amclatbvbdid.
amclatbvbdid.
n  Qmn cms lcl`lntms prmpulstms pmr ci
iutmri cms qul airiatlrbzin lc amntlxtm
dl vbmclnabi, `bs`ms qul fin sbdm rlam-
nmabdms ln pirtl pmr lc Iaulrdm
Iaulrdm Zclnirbm
 Nº :2-?:92/ABG-995
:2-?:92/ABG-995 ic rlicbzir lc inécbsbs
dlc obln guràdbam tutlcidm dl lstms dlcbtms,
y amnsbdlrircms pcurbmelnsbvms. Lstl ls un
b`pmrtintl pism piri slkubr smstlnblndm
lsti prmpulsti dl ai`obm ln lc lnemqul
dl bntlrprltiabñn dl lstis amnduatis
tàpbais.
n   Bkuic`lntl, lc mogltbvm dl lsti bnvlstb-
kiabñn y plrsbstlntls puocbaiabmnls iai-
dâ`bais ls lvbtir uni rlicbdid i ci qul
amnsbdlrm lsti`ms cclkindm amn ci iatuic
bntlrprltiabñn y ipcbaiabñn dl lstis nmr-
`is plnicls sbn lc lnemqul prmpulstm ‑dl
amnsbdlrir lc amntlxtm dl vbmclnabi am`m
lcl`lntm nmr`itbvm dlc tbpm plnic‑, rli-
cbdid qul idvlrtà ln lc prb`lr irtàaucm
iaidâ`bam puocbaidm.
n   Zrmntm nms vi`ms i lnamntrir erlntl i
uni rlicbdid icir`intl7 lc bnarl`lntm
dl bntlrnms purkindm dlsprmpmrabmni-
di`lntl amndlni ln lstioclab`blntms
 plnbtlnabirb
 plnbt lnabirbms
ms pmr flafms qul ln rlicb
rlicb--
did dlolràin amnsbdlrirsl eictis amntri ci
 plrsmni. Idbabmnic`lntl,
Idbabmnic`lntl, lnamntrirl`ms
un l`omti`blntm dl aisms plnicls qul
dbstrilrén ci itlnabñn dlc rlic mogltbvm
dl tutlci dl ci nmr`i plnic7 ci prmtlaabñn
dl iqulccis vàatb`is qul cclvin eriatu-
ris ln ci aipiabdid dl vbvbr, qul plrdbl-
rmn ci eulrzi l`mabmnic piri prmtlklrsl
y qul pmr cm prmkrlsbvm dl ci vbmclnabi,
< Ic rlsplatm, vâisl7 _bvis Ci
Ci @idrbd,
@idrbd, Q. (?:96i, p. 9<2).
9<2).
<5 pp. 4?-<; • BQQN7 ?:;<󰀠51:< • DBABL@O_L ?:92 • N· 9?5  |  KIALT
sl lnaulntrin ln vlrdidlrm plcbkrm. Ziri
lsis plrsmnis ls lstl irtàaucm, am`m
`ulstri dl l`pitài y prlmaupiabñn8 y
amn un am`prm`bsm dl ipmrtl piri qul
cms
air,mplridmrls guràdbams
amn fu`inbdid, pmdi`ms bdlntb-
mogltbvbdid y iné-
iné-
cbsbs guràdbam alrtlrm, lc plcbkrm citlntl ln
lc qul sl lnaulntrin< cis vàatb`is.
n  Ci pmsbabñn y ci aràtbai dlsirrmccidi rls-
 platm i ci iatuic bntlrprltiabñn y ipcbai-
abñn dl lstms tbpms plnicls, nm dlsamnmal
cms nmtiocls lseulrzms bntlrbnstbtuabmni-
cls qul sl vblnln rlicbzindm amn rlciabñn
i ci cuafi amntri lstl iklcm, lseulrzms
dlstiaiocls i cms qul sl su`in ci ciomr
dl bnvlstbkiabñn y prmpulstis dl bntlr-
 prltiabñn prlvbi`lntl dlsirrmccidis pmr
ci iutmri amn un lnemqul qul vi dlsdl lc
iomrdigl dlc elnñ`lnm arb`bnic, amn lc
mogltbvm dl utbcbzir lstis nmr`is dl uni
emr`i prmpmrabmnic y alrtlri piri am`oi-
tbr lstl dlcbaidm, am`pclgm y prlmaupintl
elnñ`lnm.
n  Aiol slùicir qul sb lc
lc Lstidm
Lstidm bntlrvblnl
idlauidi`lntl
idlauidi` lntl auindm sl lnaulntri intl
uni amnduati tàpbai amntl`pcidi ln lc
irtàaucm 9??-O, sl pmdré lvbtir ci tbpb-
aidi ln lc irtàaucm 9:6-O dlc Añdbkm
Zlnic8 `blntris qul, pmr mtrm cidm, sb
bdlntbebai`ms obln lc elnñ`lnm arb`b-
nic, pmdl`ms lvbtir ci ielatiabñn dlsprm-
 pmrabmnidi dl cis rlciabmnls ei`bcbirls y
smabicls.
 _lelrlnabis
_bvis Ci @idrbd, Q. (?:96i). Lc tbpm plnic
dl Ikrlsbmnls amntri cms bntlkrintls dlc
krupm ei`bcbir ½Ls clkàtb`m arb`bnicbzir
dbafi amnduati=  Iatu
 Iatuicbd
icbdid
id Zlni
Zlnic 
c , (4;),
 pp. 91;-95:.
KIALTI
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC

_bvis Ci @idrbd, Q. (?:96o). Bntlrprltiabñn
sbstl`étbai ic tbpm plnic dl ikrlsbmnls lntrl
cms bntlkrintls dlc krupm ei`bcbir.  Iatuicb-
did Zlnic , (<:), pp. 9?1-9<9.
_bvis Ci @idrbd, Q. (?:96a). ½Qinabmnir
amn plni prbvitbvi dl cbolrtid ic qul mai-
sbmni clsbmnls clvàsb`is i un bntlkrintl
dl su krupm ei`bcbir, vucnlri cms cà`btls
ic bus punblndb= \n orlvl inécbsbs smorl ci
 plrtbnlnab
 plrtb nlnabii dl ci arb`b
arb`bnicbz
nicbziabñn
iabñn dlc irt.
9??-O dlc AZ. Iatuicbdid
AZ.  Iatuicbdid Zlnic , (<9), pp.
91<-9<;.
_bvis Ci @idrbd, Q. (?:92i). Cms amntlx-
tms tàpbams dlc dlcbtm dl El`bnbabdbm. \n
isplatm mcvbdidm ic `m`lntm dl rlicbzir
lc gubabm dl tbpbabdid amn lc irtàaucm 9:6O
dlc Añdbkm Zlnic.  Iatuicbdid Zlnic , (<5),
 pp. 91<-9<2.
_bvis Ci @idrbd, Q. (?:92o) ½@itir i uni
`uglr ls `és krivl qul `itir i un fm`orl=
\n orlvl inécbsbs smorl ci plrtbnlnabi dl ci
arb`bnicbziabñn dlc dlcbtm dl el`bnbabdbm
i ci cuz dlc dlrlafm i ci bkuicdid intl ci
cly. Ln7 Flydlkklr, E. (ammrd.).  Lc dlcbtm
dl el`bnbabdbm ln lc mrdlni`blntm guràdbam
 plruinm.. Cb`i7 Ziaàam, pp. 91-4<.
 plruinm
I ZLNIC & Z_MALQIC ZLNIC | N· 9?5 • DBABL@O_L
KIALTI
KIALT
LQZLABIC
_bvis Ci @idrbd, Q. 
Q.  (?:92a). Ci aicbdid dl ci
vàatb`i m cis rlciabmnls dl pmdlr y sm`ltb-
`blntm. \n inécbsbs smorl auéc ls lc dlsvi-
cmr dl ci amnduati ln cms dlcbtms dl vbmcln-
abi dl kânlrm y amntri cms bntlkrintls dlc
krupm ei`bcbir. Iatuicbdid
ei`bcbir.  Iatuicbdid Zlnic , (<6), pp.
96<-?::.
_bvis Ci @idrbd, Q. (?:92d). Ci ipcbaiabñn dlc
 prbnabpbm dl mpmrtunbdid ln cms dlcbtms dl
clsbmnls prmduabdis ln amntlxtms dl vbmcln-
abi y su amcbsbñn amn lc dlolr lstitic dl ci
dlobdi dbcbklnabi. Ci iatuic sbtuiabñn prm-
 ocl`étbai dlc usm dl sicbdis ictlrnitbvis ic
 prmalsm ln cms tbpms plnicls amntl`pcidms
ln cms irtàaucms 9??, bnabsm 1, cbtlricls a y d8
y 9??-O dlc Añdbkm Zlnic. Kialti Zlnic &
 Zrmalsic Zlnic 
Zlnic , (9??), pp. 942-959.
_bvis Ci @idrbd,
amnduati Q. dlcbtms
ln cms (?:92l).dlLcclsbmnls
dlsvicmr dl ci
prmdu-
abdis ln cms amntlxtms dl vbmclnabi amntri
ci `uglr l vbmclnabi amntri ci `uglr l bntl-
krintls dlc krupm ei`bcbir. Lc lrrmr dl bntlr-
 prltir lc dlsvicmr dl ci amnduati slk÷n ci
aicbdid dl ci vàatb`i, auindm amrrlspmndl
fialrcm ic amntlxtm amlrabtbvm dl iousm dl
 pmdlr.
 pmd lr.   Kialti Zlnic & Zrmalsic Zlnic ,
(9?1), pp. 49-5:.
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