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Z@BMK@BBLMD H@ LDGMZONBLMD‟
@st` hmbuo`dtm pr`s`dtn kns tìbdlbns s`k`bblmdnhns pnrn kn r`bmk`bblòd h` ldgmronblòd y h` `stn
ond`rn kmernr kn lh`dtlglbnblòd h` ud tnre`t `dtr` mtrms gnbtmr`s pnrn lh`dtlglbnr kms prmhubtms
ouktlo`hln qu` s` pu`h`d mgr`b`r y npklbnr pnrn kn `opr`sn y nsï jrldhnr mpblmd`s qu` nyuh`d n
hlbfn `opr`sn `d `st` bnsm `d pnrtlbuknr n `o`re`r `d kms o`hlms vlrtunk`s t`dl`dhm `d bu`dtn kn
s`k`bblòd nprmplnhn h` kns tìbdlbns bmrr`btns pnrn mjt`d`r kn ldgmronblòd `d `st` bnsm s`
utlklznrnd tìbdlbns qu` s`eód `k culblm p`rsmdnk y mjc`tlvm smd kns ldhlbnhns bmom km `s udn
`dbu`stn bmd ud `dgmqu` bundtltntlvm hmdh` s` kmer`d lh`dtlglbnr kms pmsljk`s bmdsuolhmr`s h`
kms prmhubtms qu` mgr`b` kn `opr`sn nsï bmom ndnklznr kms r`suktnhms r`qu`rlhms o`hlndt` `k
usm h` kns blgrns mjt`dlhns y kn lh`dtlglbnblòd h` `stn pmjknblòd y sus pntrmd`s h`
bmopmrtnol`dtm.
Pnkbdnd vz`nzr nkmdsn kmljznc`htmlvs mksm sh `r` ksnu `ktonhpmrs` sn` y` shp` r`nk
phr`mshnrurbmtkmkn brm uodm p trnmkh. ubtm ouktlo`hln qu` p`roltn
@KNJMZNBLMD \ NYKLBNBLÒD H@ X@BDLBNR H@ Z@BMK@BBLMD H@ LDGMZONBLMD
Nrt` y fmenr `s udn `opr`sn h`hlbnhn n kn v`dtn h` nrtïbukms nrtïstlbms y nbb`smrlms pnrn kn
h`bmrnblòd h`k fmenr y `k usm p`rsmdnk3 mjrns h` nrt`, bunhrms, `sbukturns, r`plsns, p`rbf`rms,
jlsut`rïn, cmy`rïn nrt`sndnk y gldn, nbb`smrlms ouy vnrlnhms bmd `dgmqu` nrt`sndnk `dtr` oubfms
mtrms prmhubtms, p`rt`d`bl`dt` nk s`btmr prmhubtlvm `bmdòolbm bmo`rblnk ujlbnhn `d kn bluhnh h`
Jmemtî Bmkmojln kn bunk nud dm bu`dtn bmd pr`s`dbln `d o`hlms vlrtunk`s y su ódlbm oìtmhm h`
v`dtn `s pr`s`dblnk pmr o`hlm h` kn hlguslòd y r`g`r`dblnblòd h` sus nbtunk`s bkl`dt`s qul`d`s fnd
f`bfm br`b`r kn r`h h` v`dtns nud nsï kn `opr`sn pr`s`dtn jncms lder`sms pnrn kn bndtlhnh h`
prmhubtms qu` mgr`b` y ud omvlol`dtm h` v`dtns ouy k`dtm km bunk s` vlm ng`btnhm nud ons pmr
kn pr`s`dt` pndh`oln pmr km bunk kms r`qu`rlol`dtms ouktlo`hln h` `stn `opr`sn smd vnrlms p`rm
pnrn `op`znr `k prlo`r mjc`tlvm h` kn `opr`sn pmr o`hlm h` kn nhqulslblòd h` ud prmhubtm
ouktlo`hln `s `o`re`r `d kms o`hlms vlrtunk`s.
lrd`kvn`bsltmlednbdlhòmd khmlsr lhenl`tmdsh mj yt `dlghmbsn pdnhrmn `jkr hld`hsnr rnm knm `yo
kpn rn`psnkl bsnmbkulòbdlò hd` b `msot`p pk`rmtnh nu bttmh mosu skutlso`hln r`qu`rlol`dtms.
@d `st` bnsm pnrn lh`dtlglbnr kn pmjknblòd h` pmsljk`s bkl`dt`s y kn nb`ptnblòd y usm h` udn pneldn
w`j qu` bmdt`den kns bnrnbt`rïstlbns o`dblmdnhns `d kn prmpu`stn pnrn nsï nkbndznr onymr`s
v`dtns y pr`s`dbln `d o`hlms vlrtunk`s s` utlklzm udn pr`vln s`k`bblòd h` kn pmjknblòd n
`dbu`stnr t`dl`dhm `d bu`dtn qu` kn bndtlhnh tmtnk h` pmjknblòd pnrn kn ou`strn smd :9 p`rsmdns
hmdh` `k 09% h` `stms yn fnd slhm bkl`dt`s r`burr`dt`s h` kn `opr`sn bmd kms bunk`s s`
jusbn lh`dtlglbnr
pmr o`hlm h` kn ldv`stlenblòd nbtunk bunk `s `k dlv`k h` nb`ptnblòd y d`b`slhnh h` usm h`k du`vm
prmhubtm ouktlo`hln n h`snrrmkknr y `k mtrm 09% h`k tmtnk s`k`bblmdnhm smd p`rsmdns qu` pmhrïnd
s`r pmt`dblnk`s bkl`dt`s pr`vlno`dt` lh`dtlglbnhms pmr nerupnblòd y bnrnbt`rïstlbns s` tl`d` `d
bu`dtn tndtm kn h`sbrlpblòd h` kms bkl`dt`s nbtunk`s nsï bmom s` tl`d` `d bu`dtn kn ldgmronblòd
mjt`dlhn h`k ndîklsls h` vnrlms erupms h` r`h`s smblnk`s p`rt`d`bl`dt`s n kn bnt`emrïn h` nrtïbukms
nrtïstlbms y kn nhqulslblòd h` `stms kmerndhm lh`dtlglbnr qu` `k tnre`t pnrn `stn `opr`sn `s
jnstndt` nopklm bmopr`dhl`dhm qu` kn nhqulslblòd h` `st` tlpm h` prmhubtms y s`rvlblms pu`h`d
lr hlrlelhms n p`rsmdns `d ud nopklm rndem h` `hnh`s `dtr` mtrms gnbtmr`s h`sbrltms n
bmdtldunblòd. @d kn nerupnblòd h` bkl`dt`s pmt`dblnk`s r`nklznhn y su s`eo`dtnblòd s` kmernrmd
lh`dtlglbnr kns
bnrnbt`rïstlbns prldblpnk`s pnrn kn r`nklznblòd h`k tnre`t bmom bkl`dt`s gldnk`s t`dl`dhm `d bu`dtn
kn ujlbnblòd e`merîglbn, h`omerîglbn, pslbmkòelbn y bmdhubtunk `dtr` mtrms nsp`btms h`sbrltms.
k`nds Jndmte`mrtlîm r(`0s9 b%nr)n yb tp``rïrstmlbdns phnlsrtnr lkjmu bluhnks `d `hsltgn` rl`ddvt`st
lpeundbtlmòsd hs` Bs`mkk`mbobljmldn.d p`rsmdns qu` vlvnd
s` n lh`dtlglbnhm `d kn ldv`stlenblòd qu` kn onymrïn h` bkl`dt`s y pmsljk`s bkl`dt`s h` `stms
prmhubtms smd ouc`r`s `d `k rndem h` `hnh`s o`dblmdnhm (>5 y 70 nþms) omstrndhm ud
bmopmrtnol`dtm ons nktm y gl`k h` bmoprn y `stm s` h`ou`strn `d kns blgrns mjt`dlhns h` kn
ldgmronblòd h` bkl`dt`s nbtunk`s y kn ldgmronblòd mjt`dlhn `d kn `dbu`stn r`nklznhn hmdh` kns
pr`eudtns tl`d`d bmom gld lh`dtlglbnr kn nhqulslblòd h` `st` tlpm h` prmhubtm y kn hlspmslblòd h`
bmoprn `d udn du`vn pneldn w`j nsï bmom kn lh`dtlglbnblòd h`k pujklbm mjc`tlvm n `stm s` suon
kn ldv`stlenblòd h` kms bkl`dt`s nbtunk`s h` kn `opr`sn hmdh` s` lh`dtlglbm qu` ud 79% h` `stms
bkl`dt`s smd p`rsmdns bmd gnolklns y fmenr`s gmronhms dm h`cndhm h` knhm p`rsmdns smkt`rns qu`
vlvnd `d ud npnrtno`dtm p`rm sl sl`dhm udn blgrn ons jncn.
@k tnonþm h` kn ou`strn pmjknblmdnk mjc`tm h` kn ldv`stlenblòd `s h` :9 p`rsmdns 3 >9
bkl`dt`s nbtunk`s h` kn `opr`sn y >9 pmsljk`s bkl`dt`s s`k`bblmdnhms h` erupms r`knblmdnhms bmd
kn
nhqulslblòd h` `st` tlpm h` prmhubtms hîdhmdms ud dlv`k h` bmdglndzn h`k <0% `d kn blgrn tmtnk h`
kn `dbu`stn `d kn bunk s` flbl`rmd vnrlns pr`eudtns bmd r`spu`stns h` gmron b`rrnhn y udns
pr`eudtns bmd r`spu`stn njl`rtn pnrn bmdmb`r kn nb`ptnblòd h` kn lopk`o`dtnblòd h` nkeudms
gnbtmr`s `d `k prmhubtm ouktlo`hln r`qu`rlhm pmr `k bkl`dt` nsï bmom pntrmd`s h` bmoprn h`k
pujklbm mjc`tlvm s`k`bblmdnhm, kn `dbu`stn s` r`nklzm h` kn sleul`dt` gmron3 kn `dbu`stn h`j`
bmdt`d`r pr`eudtns qu` h`d ud ernhm h` bmdglndzn y sldb`rlhnh h` pnrt` h` kn pmjknblòd
s`k`bblmdnhn gmroukîdhmkns h` udn gmron `d kn qu` `k `dbu`stnhm s` sl`dtn j`d`glblnhm pmr sus
r`spu`stns `d `st` bnsm s` pr`s`dtnd kms j`d`glblms h`k prmhubtm ouktlo`hln nsï bmom s`
bmdgrmdtn bmd sus h`jlklhnh`s pnrn lh`dtlglbnrkns y bmdv`rtlrkns `d gmrtnk`zns1 h` `stn gmron s`
mjtl`d`d kms hntms d`b`snrlms h`k pujklbm mjc`tlvm y kns t`dh`dblns qu` hnrîd kuenr nk h`snrrmkkm
h`k prmhubtm y `k ndîklsls bmopk`tm y h`tnkknhm h` kms hntms mjt`dlhms.
su` jpcu``tlhv`n sh `hs`b krnlj plrm jknk nsblltòudnb ,l ò`d `dst `kn b qnusm` us`d `tldpbmu `hd`t
r`nd bknu `psmtjn khnb`lsòbdrl ps`tlkv`nb bylnm dqnuh`n p pm`r ol`thl`lmd hm` `stn h`gldlr kms
`dbu`stnhms y mjt`d`r kns bmdbkuslmd`s smjr` kn ont`rln h` ldv`stlenblòd
p`roltlìdhmdms `dt`dh`r kms r`qu`rlol`dtms tndtm h`k bkl`dt` h`k prmhubtm ouktlo`hln bmom kms
h`k bkl`dt` gldnk kk`vndhm n kn r`nklznblòd y bmrr`btn lh`dtlglbnblòd h` kms r`qu`rlol`dtms
e`d`rnk`s.
Kn custlglbnblòd h` kn `dbu`stn h`sbrlptlvn s` pu`h` sust`dtnr `d kn d`b`slhnh h`k bkl`dt` h`
o`cmrnr su nkbndb` h` v`dtns y su pr`s`dbln `d o`hlms vlrtunk`s pnrn km qu` s` h`j` bmdmb`r `k
dlv`k h` nb`ptnblòd, kn bndtlhnh nprmxlonhn h` du`vms pmsljk`s bkl`dt`s y `k dlv`k h` usm qu`
mjt`dhrïn lopk`o`dtndhm v`dtns mdkld` nsï bmom o`cmrndhm kms s`rvlblms h` kn `opr`sn
jrldhndhm nt`dblòd nk bkl`dt` pmr `st` o`hlm jrldhîdhmk` lh`ns smjr` `k usm h` sus prmhubtms, s`
bmdbkuy` `d qu` `st` tlpm h` tìbdlbn h` r`bmk`bblòd h` ldgmronblòd y ndîklsls h` hntms `s kn
lkdmhs lhbnthmns pkmn rqnu k`m edrmnsr pkm`sro mjltc` tsluv mtrsn htn`o `ls`tdn tlmd
vld`gsmtlreonîbtllòbdm pym `rqk und` îpkml sl`s` ` ksntn bhuïnstklbhmn h `h `kn `s btnlgdrhnnsrlznr
mjt`dlhns hndhm tnojlìd kn mpmrtudlhnh h` o`hlr `d blgrns `k bmopmrtnol`dtm h` kms pmsljk`s
bkl`dt`s, sus pntrmd`s h` bmoprn y nhqulslblòd `dtr` oubfms mtrms gnbtmr`s qu` nk s`r
lh`dtlglbnhms pmr o`hlm h` `stns tìbdlbns hnd kuenr `d `st` bnsm `d `sp`blglbm nk npr`dhlznc`
nb`rbn h` kn `knjmrnblòd y npklbnblòd h` tìbdlbns h` r`bmk`bblòd h` ldgmronblòd y `k bmrr`btm
ndîklsls qu` p`rolt` mgr`b`r ud prmhubtm ouktlo`hln (pneldn w`j/tl`dhn mdkld` pnrn `st` bnsm)
p`rg`btno`dt` `dgmbnhm y t`dl`dhm bknrm `k tnre`t pnrn `k bunk vn hlrlelhm br`ndhm nsl kms
oìtmhms h` pkndlglbnblòd y pnsms n s`eulr pnrn npklbnr km qu` h`j` ldbkulr `k prmhubtm
buopkl`dhm bmd sntlsgnb`r kns d`b`slhnh`s h`k bkl`dt` y buopklr kms mjc`tlvms h`k h`snrrmkkm h`k
`stuhlm o`hlndt` kns r`spu`stns mjt`dlhns h` kn ou`strn n kn bunk s` npklbn .
h) Hls`þm h` kms ldstruo`dtms h` r`bmk`bblòd h` nbu`rhm n kn tìbdlbn s`k`bblmdnhn.
(Hls`þm h` kn `dbu`stn)
Yròxlono`dt` s` `str`dnrî kn pneldn w`j h` Nrt` y Fmenr bmd udn tl`dhn mdkld` hmdh` pmhrîd
nhqulrlr prmhubtms nrt`sndnk`s, mjrns nrtïstlbns y oóktlpk`s nrtïbukms h` usm p`rsmdnk y pnrn kn
h`bmrnblòd h`k fmenr y tmhm tlpm h` `spnblms, r`spmdh` kns sleul`dt`s pr`eudtns nb`rbn h`k du`vm
prmhubtm ouktlo`hln h` kn `opr`sn. Xus r`spu`stns dms nyuhnrnd n mgr`b`rt` ud prmhubtm
omkh`nhm n tus `xp`btntlvns y d`b`slhnh`s.
:) Bmoprnrïns `st` tlpm h` nrtïbukms mdkld` pmr o`hlm h` kn pneldn w`j qu` t` mgr`b` o`hlms
h` pnem >99% s`eurms y `xb`k`dt`s h`sbu`dtms y j`d`glblms=
Rl
Dm
2) ½Br``s qu` `k hls`þm h` udn pneldn w`j, dms nyuhnrïn n t`d`r udn o`cmr nt`dblòd,
bmdmb`r du`strms prmhubtms y h` `stn ond`rn mjt`d`r kms prmhubtms=
7) ½X` eustnrïn ud s`rvlblm h` `dvïms `d pnrtlbuknr qu` gnblklt` kn mjt`dblòd h` kms prmhubtms
h` kn `opr`sn= ½Buîk=
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
Mdkld` Yr`s`dblnk
`) Nd`xms
Rmpmrt`s
@dbu`stn h`
>3 kms ldstruo`dtms `d kn npklbnblòd h` kn r`bmk`bblòd.
@dbu`stn :3
@dbu`stn 23
Bmdbkuslòd.
Pdn v`z h`
tìbdlbns bmdbkulhn `stn ldv`stlenblòd
r`bmk`bblòd h` ldgmronblòds`pnrn
`dtl`dh` kn lopmrtndbln
kns d`b`slhnh`s y kn bmrr`btn
h`k bkl`dt` npklbnblòd
nsï bmom h` kns
s` bmopr`dh`
qu` prîbtlbno`dt` bunkqul`r `opr`sn y s`btmr r`qul`r` h` prmhubtms ouktlo`hln pnrn gmrtnk`b`r
su pr`s`dbln `d `k o`rbnhm m s`btmr nk qu` p`rt`d`b` y gmronr pnrt` h` kn ekmjnklznblòd h`k
o`rbnhm `d kms o`hlms nbtunk`s, kn lopmrtndbln h` kn lopk`o`dtnblòd h` udn pneldn w`j y
tl`dhn mdkld` pnrn `k bkl`dt` vn ons nkkî h` mjt`d`r ons v`dtns, s` pu`h`d kmernr ons mjc`tlvms
j`d`glblmsms pnrn `stn y pnrn sus bkl`dt`s kk`endhm n bmd`btnrkms `d ud o`hlm ldt`rnbtlvm y
gu`dt`s h` ldgmronblòd y hlguslòd glh`klzndhm n sus nbtunk`s bkl`dt`s y kms qu` `stìd pmr v`dlr
dmtndhm kn nelklhnh y kn h`str`zn nsï bmom kn utlklhnh qu` vn n t`d`r `st` sltlm `d kn gmron bmom
utlklznd kms prmhubtms nhqulrlhms y `k nopklm onre`d h` pmsljlklhnh`s qu` nkkï `dbmdtrnrîd.
Bmd kn nhqulslblòd h` prmhubtms ouktlo`hln udn `opr`sn pu`h` br`b`r h` ond`rn ouy
sledlglbntlvn `d oubfns îr`ns y `stm s` kmern ernblns n kn npklbnblòd bmrr`btn h` `stns tìbdlbns
pmrqu` dms p`rolt`
nb`ptnblòd, t`d`r`hlnedòstlbms
br`blol`dtm, bknrmsh`nb`rbn
lopk`o`dtnblòd du`vnsh`f`rrnol`dtns
su pujklbm mjc`tlvm, prmhubtms,
qu` k` p`rolt`d n udn
`opr`sn m d`emblm kk`enr n kn bósplh` h` sus mjc`tlvms tnojlìd lh`dtlglbndhm kns pmsljk`s
h`jlklhnh`s bmdvlrtlìdhmkns `d gmrtnk`zns y ndnklzndhm kns blgrns pnrn t`d`r oîre`d`s bmrr`btms y
mjc`tlvms `d `k h`snrrmkkm h` `stn nbtlvlhnh.
Jljklmerngïn.
L. Ont`rlnk h` gmronblòd3 tìbdlbns h` r`bmk`bblòd y ndîklsls h` ldgmronblòd R@DN.
LL. fttps3//`s.sbrljh.bmo/hmbuo`dt/2<07<896</NY>-NN:-@W97-Ldgmro`-@knjmrnblmd-y-
Npklbnblmd-h`-X`bdlbns-h`-Z`bmk`bblmd-h`-Ldgmronblmd
LLL. fttp3//Bòom%:9r`nklznr%:9udn%:9`dbu`stn%:9h`%:9sntlsgnbblòd%:9pnsm%:9n
%:9pnsm.%:9Z`bup`rnhm%:9%:9h`%:91%:9fttps3/nhrlndsndbf`z.`s/bmom-r`nklznr-
udn-`dbu`stn-h`-sntlsgnbblmd-pnsm-n-pnsm/