Philo001 Module2

Picture Source: https://englishdocs.
eu/philosophy
PROGRAM AND YEAR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADE 11 & 12

LEVEL
COURSE TITLE INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF
HUMAN PERSON
COURSE CODE PHILO 001
PERFORMANCE The learner understands the meaning and process
STANDARD 3-4 of doing philosophy.
The learner can demonstrate the virtues of
prudence and frugality towards their environment.
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE TAGAYTAY
Date Developed: Document No.

PHILO 001 2020-2021
INTRODUCTION Date Revised: Issued by:
TO 2021-2022
PHILOSOPHY Developed by: Page 1 of 42
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE OF HUMAN Ms. Jocelyn R. Cainong
TAGAYTAY PERSON Ms. Mariecris D. Punongbayan
Ms. Irene A. Dimailig
Revision # 2
Ms. Nissan Ellaina T. Caringal
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INTRODUCTION
This unit deals with the skills and knowledge required for the course INTRODUCTION
TO PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN PERSON.
This module consists of eight (8) Performance Standards. Each standard contains learning
activities for knowledge and skills, supported with information sheets, quizzes, activities,
and performance checklists/ rubrics, gathered from god’s grace can only gain innocence
of heart and purity the information/activity sheets and answer the self-activities provided
to confirm to yourself and your instructor that you are equipped with the knowledge
necessary to perform the skills portion of the particular learning outcomes.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. The learner understands the meaning and process of doing philosophy.

2. The learner evaluates opinions.
3. The learner distinguishes their limitations and the possibilities for their
transcendence.
4. The learner can demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards
their environment.
5. The learner shows situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the
consequences of choices.
6. The learner performs activities that demonstrate an appreciation for the talents
of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of
society.
7. The learner evaluates the formation of human relationships and how their
social contexts shape individuals.
8. The learner writes a philosophical reflection on the meaning of their own life.

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PERFORMANCE STANDARD NO. 3 Distinguishes their limitations and the
possibilities for their transcendence.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD NO. 4 The learner can demonstrate the
virtues of prudence and frugality
towards their environment.
CONTENT:
● The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit
● The Human Person in their Environment
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
At the end of this week, the learner will be able to;
1. Recognize your limitations and possibilities.
2. Evaluate their limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence.
3. Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for
transcendence.
4. Distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence.
5. Notice disorder in an environment
6. Notice things that are not in their proper place and organize them in an aesthetic
way
7. Show that care for the environment contributes to health, well-being, and
sustainable development
8. Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards environments.
CONDITIONS:
The students must be provided with the following:
1.1 CBLM
1.2 Pen and paper
METHODOLOGIES: PLATFORM:
Self-paced instruction CBLM
ASSESSMENT METHOD PLATFORM

● Written Activity Pen and paper
● Activity Bond paper, colored paper, coloring materials

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
PERFORMANCE STANDARD 3: Distinguishes their limitations and the
possibilities for their transcendence.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD 4: The learner is able to demonstrate the virtues of
prudence and frugality towards his/her environment.
Learning Activities Special Instructions Time Allotment
Date of Submission
1. Read Information Please read the information sheet 3.5-1, September 13-17, 2021
sheet 3.5-1 “The “The Human Person as an Embodied
Human Person as an Spirit.”
Embodied Spirit.”
2. Activity 3.5-2 Answer Activity 3.5-1 “Know thy Limits” September 13-17, 2021
followed by answering the guide questions.
Submit it on September 17, 2021, before
5:00 pm
3. Read Information Please read the information sheet 3.6-1, September 20-24, 2021
sheet 3.6-1 “The “The Human Person as an Embodied
Human Person as an Spirit.”
Embodied Spirit.”
4. Activity 3.6-2 Accomplish Activity 3.6-2 September 20-24, 2021

Complete the chart and make an action plan
towards transcendence.
Submit it on September 24, 2021 before
5:00pm
5. Read Information Kindly read and understand Information September 27-
Sheet 4.7-1 “The Sheet 4.7-1 “The Human Person in their
October 01, 2021
Human Person in Environment”
their Environment”
6. Activity 4.7-2 In Activity 4.7-2. Make a brochure that September 27-
shows appreciation to the environment by
October 01, 2021
creating advocacy campaigns to
show proper care of the environment that
contributes to well-being and sustainable
development.
Submit it on October 01,2021 before
5:00pm
7. Answer Learning Answer the learning feedback and submit it September 27-
Feedback Diary 4.7-3 on October 01, 2021, before 5:00 pm.
October 01, 2021

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INFORMATION SHEET # 3.5-1
TOPIC: THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT
(Part 1)
Picture Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl3N7UHvo_E
Summary of Learning Content:

At the end of this module, the learner will be able to:
1. Recognize your limitations and possibilities.
2. Evaluate their own limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence.

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MOTIVATION:
My Strength and Weaknesses
Direction: Complete the chart below. Make sure that you ask or consult your parents or
any adult who has witnessed your development & reflect before you write your answer.
Age Things That I can do Things That I cannot do
0-3
4-7
8-11
12-15
16 up
*Students will identify their strengths and weaknesses through a checklist.

Processing Questions:
1. What are your limitations as a person? What are the things that you consider difficult
or challenging for you to accomplish or believe in?
2. What are your strengths? What are the possible things or statuses that you can reach
or achieve in the future?
3. What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities?
4. Do you see yourself improving in 5-10 years? How can you say that you are
improving?

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The Human Person is an Embodied Spirit
The most direct connotation in mind when we say Embodied is that it is being
materialized or incarnated. When we say embodied spirit is a spirit being incarnated.
However, the idea of a human person as an embodied spirit does not necessarily refer to
the incarnation or materialization of spirit as an immaterial entity.
The concept of embodied spirit in the concept of the Christian Philosophy, the
inseparable union of body and soul. Thus, when we say embodied spirit we mean that the
body is not separate from the soul, just as the soul is not separate from the body.
So when we say that the human person is an embodied spirit we can specifically
mean that the human person is the point of convergence between the material and
spiritual entities that is between the body and soul. We cannot talk therefore of the human
person without the union of body and soul just as we cannot talk of anything without the
union of matter and form.
Now to understand the specificity of the human person as an embodied spirit is
important because aside from the fact that it enables us to know our potentialities and
limitations, it also exposes us to a thorough and
deeper understanding of ourselves as a unique
creature united by body and soul.
We need to understand that the term soul is
the English translation of the Greek word psyche
and for Aristotle, the general definition of the soul
involves the concept of life.
Thus the soul for Aristotle is the principle of
life. This suggests therefore that anything that has
life has a soul. As the principle of life, the soul causes the body to live. Indeed, it is the
soul that animates the body. If the soul is animated by the body, the body acts as the
matter to the soul.
When we say body it is a physical aspect and the philosophers believe the body is
with our perception.
There are times when we pay attention to our bodies rather than simply moving
about doing day-to-day activities, usually when some part of it hurts. For instance, when
you have a toothache so painful that you become aware of how something so small can
have pain so massive, you end up being sorry for all your bad life choices.

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A. How Does Philosophy View the Nature of man?
Man is a general term commonly used to refer to the entire human race. It is an
essential subject in philosophy, and understanding the nature and condition of man is the
foremost goal of discipline.
The Traditional Concept of Man

There a traditional concept of man, these are the
following:
1.) Man is viewed as a rational being;
Meaning that only man can think.
2.) It looks like a man as an object, animal;
Meaning you study the man to know how
the man decides for himself/herself or how
he/she reacts or does his/her actions to the environment.
3.) The concept looks at a man from the external to the internal.
Man can think so that he/she will know what he/she’s doing. You see the man in the
external aspect pertinent to the internal aspects. It means that you only see the man’s
actions rather than his/her will or the internal aspect.
Human refers to a man as a species. A human being is also used to distinguish

man from other animals. Closely related to primates, especially apes, have developed
distinct physical features such as bipedalism, highly developed hands, smaller jaws and
teeth, and more prominent, more developed brains.
(Ex. homo sapiens or modern human beings are considered one of the most successfully
adapted species on the planet.)
Person refers to a human being granted recognition of certain rights, protections,
responsibilities, and dignity.
● The Person as an Autonomous being- a human, being considered a person if they
possess the ability to determine their life through “reasoned Free Choice.”
● The Person as a Unified individual- a human being can function as a person.
● The Person in Relation to others- human being becomes a person through
interaction with other human beings.
(Ex. Bill of Rights of the Filipino Citizen: These rights include the right to life and liberty,
personal security, freedom from torture, freedom from discrimination, and freedom from
arbitrary arrest, among others.)

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Human Nature refers to the characteristics that distinguish humans from all other
creatures. These traits are assumed to arise independently of the influence of culture and
society.
(Ex. Core characteristics (feelings, psychology, behaviors) shared by all people.)
https://www.google.com/search?q=human&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi38LnOlLrqAhVE7ZQKHSaPCkEQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=human&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzIFCAAQsQMyAggAMgIIADICCAAyA
ggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoECAAQHlDFY1j_gwFggIwBaABwAHgAgAFeiAHSBJIBATeYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=4-YDX_fyBMTa0wSmnqqIBA&bih=640&biw=1280&
safe=active#imgrc=wMpX_L8vdGFdeM&imgdii=33LqPANkl2CgSM
Biological Perspective considers man as a part of the natural world and a product of
evolution. The biological perspective is a way of looking at psychological issues by
studying the physical basis for animal and human behavior.
(It is one of the major perspectives in psychology and involves such things as studying the
brain, immune system, nervous system, and genetics.)
Other Traits and Capabilities of Humans

a. Planning and Intentional action
b. Innovation and Creativity
c. Communication through language and writing
d. Technology
e. Symbolic interaction as evidenced by religion and art
Culture is considered man’s most significant achievement, which set apart the
evolution of humanity from other species on this planet.
(Ex: Customs, laws, dress, architectural style, social standards, religious beliefs, and
traditions.)
Psychological Perspective emphasizes human behavior and thought processes in

analyzing and human nature guides someone's interpretation of an individual's behavior.

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Psyche refers to the human mind and is divided into the conscious and unconscious
mind.
● Conscious Mind – is the part that governs awareness
● Unconscious Mind – Consists of latent or repressed emotions, thoughts,
and desires.
Rationality is the state of being reasonable, the ability to understand experiences

to solve problems or do tasks and engage in decision making and judgment.
(Ex. if a person chooses a job with a profile of his liking instead of a high-paying job,
then it would be also termed as rational behavior.)
Intelligence is the ability to perceive information, store knowledge, and apply it

in various situations.
(Ex. someone obtaining their Ph. D. and uses his/her store of knowledge in his/her
teaching profession.)
Introspection – the ability to examine one's conscious thoughts, feelings, mental

state, and capacity for self-reflection.
(Ex. when you meditate to try to understand your feelings.)
Economic Perspective focuses on man's ability to engage in productive activities

to meet his wants and needs.
(Ex. Michael does his job well to provide for the needs of his family and buy his wants.)
Theological Perspective is considered man is God created, man is considered to

have a special relationship with the creator. He was being created in his image and given
an immortal spirit.
(Ex. From the bible: Genesis chapter one, God created the universe and also the human
beings)

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B. How does philosophy define the human person?
The human person refers to the totality of an individual possessing awareness,

self-determination, and the capacity to interact with others and with himself/herself. It
also refers to the individual and all the attributes and characteristics that set them apart
from other human beings.
Awareness of self is one of the unique traits of humans about learning to better
understand why you feel what you feel and why you behave in a particular way. Once
you begin to understand this concept you then have the opportunity and freedom to
change things about yourself enabling you to create a life that you want.
(Ex. You’re comfortable in your own skin.)
Sentience capacity to be aware of feelings, experiences, and sensations. It is the

ability to perceive the surroundings and react to stimuli such as pain.
(Therefore the Sentient beings experience wanted emotions like happiness, joy, and
gratitude, and unwanted emotions in the form of pain.)
The Self as Innate is an essential part of the human being, and self-awareness is
naturally innate. Innatism is a philosophical and epistemological doctrine that holds that
the mind is born with ideas/knowledge.
(Therefore the mind is not a "blank slate" at birth)
The self as Emergent is the awareness of the self is gained through interaction
with the world and other humans. Emergence occurs when an entity is observed to have
properties its parts do not have on their own, properties or behaviors which emerge only
when the parts interact in a wider whole.
(Ex. In biology, the heart is made of heart cells, heart cells on their own don't have the
property of pumping blood. You will need the whole heart to be able to pump blood.)
The self as Integrated and Developing is the self is composed of varied

elements that change over time. It is characterized by unity in thought, emotion, and
action that amounts to “being someone” or having “an integrated self.”
(Ex. If you create something for yourself that fulfills your sense of satisfaction.)
Identity is a distinct personality of an individual and personhood is human beings
as a distinct entity.

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Activity 3.5-2
“KNOW THY LIMITS”
Knowing Your Limits and Boundaries. Our

boundaries are the limits we set by choice rather
than from old habits and subconscious
conditioning. Your boundaries affect your
self-concept, self-respect, feelings, energy levels,
and happiness – and they also ensure that you get
your needs met, and aren't being taken advantage
of.
https://lifelabs.psychologies.co.uk/posts/22091-knowing-your-limits-and-boundaries
RUBRICS
CATEGORY DESCRIPTION PERCENTAGE POINTS

Content Demonstrate thorough 30%
self-reflective
analysis
Organization Presents the reflection 30%
in a compelling,
highly organized
manner
Fluency Use of articulate and 20%
appropriate language,
word choice, and
sentence structure.
Punctuality Able to submit the 20%
task on or before the
due time.
TOTAL 100%

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DIRECTION: List down the things that you can do and the things that you cannot do.
Answer the guide questions.
… all the things you can do ….all the things you cannot do

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Guide Questions:
1. How do you feel about yourself knowing that you can do it?
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2. How are you going to improve yourself more?
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3. What are your plans for the things you cannot do?
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4. Do you wish to be a better person? Why?
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TOPIC: THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT
(Part 2)
Picture Source: https://www.wallpaperflare.com/color-range-meditation-chakra-aura-wallpaper-goufc
Summary of Learning Content:
At the end of this module, the learner will be able to:
1. Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for
transcendence.
2. Distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence.

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MOTIVATION:
Testing my Understanding!
Direction: Understand the quote below by Saint Augustine then answer the guide
question.
Picture Source: https://20quotes.com/30383_faith-is-to-believe-what-you-do-not-see
Guide Question:
1. How do you understand the quote of Saint Augustine? Explain your answer in
your own words.
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2. Do you agree with this quotation? Yes or No? Why?

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TRANSCENDENCE IN THE GLOBAL AGE
Does technology dictate life in our

contemporary world? Are our self–taking
pictures or selfies any indication that we
are not zombies? Are we pushing the
responsibility for our existence onto society
instead of facing the questions of who we
are? According to Thomas Merton (1948),
a Trappist monk, there is no other way to
find who we are than by finding in
ourselves the divine image. We have to
struggle to regain spontaneous and vital
awareness of our spirituality. Merton talks
about a continual movement away from inner and outer idols and toward union with the
desert God of his Christian faith.
Picture Source: http://www.thomasmertonsociety-grandrapids.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Merton-Flyer-August-2016.pdf
In the past, most high school students had no chance to read or encounter
philosophical tests. While college students ask about the concept of “transcendence,”
they will usually answer: I cannot believe in invisible existence. To see is to believe.
However, there are still the majority of college students who have strong convictions
concerning faith, which transcend what is seen or touched by bodily senses.
In philosophy, the adjective transcendental and the noun transcendence convey

the basic ground concept from the word’s literal meaning (from Latin) of climbing or
going beyond, with varying connotations in its different historical and cultural stages.
Appreciating art has transcendent existence. Knowledge and law will also require
transcendence. Scientific expertise and regulations are transcending simple, phenomenal
things to abstract. The fact that we have a soul capable of coming to life and experiencing
profound and hidden values, which the flesh and its senses can never discover alone. This
spirituality in us is identified with the divine image in our soul.

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Evaluate Own Limitations and the Possibilities for Their Transcendence
Based on the preceding section, let us evaluate our human limitations and how we
can also transcend them. Many of us would experience any following for emerging from
deep within and felt a sense of being in tune with the mystery of our being and the
mystery of life that transcends us. Let us consider the following examples (Edward 1983)
A. Forgiveness
When we forgive, we are freed
from our anger and bitterness because of
our actions and words. On the other
hand, the hardness of our hearts is
reinforced by a whole series of rational
arguments.
Picture Source: https://cornerstonechurch.ca/
B. The Beauty of Nature

There is perfection in every single
flower; this is what the three philosophies
believed. For a hug, for every sunrise and
sunset, to eat together as a family, are our
miracles. These kinds of experiences can
be genuinely moments of grace. They
touch us profoundly, and the human heart
is spontaneously lifted. During this
Picture Source:
https://www.organicauthority.com/energetic-health/a-behind-t experience, we need to offer praise.
he-scenes-look-at-the-growing-natural-beauty-market
C. Vulnerability
To be invulnerable is somehow
inhuman. To be vulnerable is to be
human. Supermen or superheroes are
hiding from their true humanity. The
experience that we are contingent, that
we are dependent for our existence on
another, is frightening. To work in the
office or study in school without
acknowledging the help of others is to

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live without meaning and direction. We Picture Source:
need to accept the use of other people in https://thoughtcatalog.com/hillary-humphreys/2015/03/one-year
-later-and-the-grief-is-still-there/
our lives. Such moments of poverty and
dependence on others are not signs of
weakness but truthfulness with
ourselves.
D. Failure
Our failures force us to confront
our weaknesses and limitations. When a
relationship fails, when a student fails a
subject when our immediate desires are not
met, we are faced with the possibility of
our plans. Yet, we are forced to surrender
to a mystery or look upon a bigger world.
Such acceptance of our failures makes us
hope and trust that all can be brought into
Picture Source: good. Even if we have sinned, as
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/workplace-comm
Augustine had, there is hope and
unication/news/6?from=mdr
forgiveness.
E. Loneliness
Our loneliness can be rooted in
our sense of vulnerability and fear of
death. This experience is so common.
However, it is our choice to live in an
impossible world where we are always
“happy” or accept a life where solitude
and companionship are part. With our
loneliness, we can realize that our
dependence on other people or gadgets is Picture Source:
a possessiveness that we can be free https://medium.com/ipoetry/you-dont-exist-1f6753afc34f
from.

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F. Love
To love is to experience richness,
positivity, and transcendence. Whether in
times of ecstatic moments or struggles, the
love for a friend, between family members
or a significant person, can open
something in the other that takes us beyond
ourselves. Life is full of risks, fears and
commitment, pain and sacrificing and
giving up thing/s we want for the sake of
Picture Source: the one we love. In the Buddhist view, the
https://tamil.samayam.com/lifestyle/relationship/4-rules-of-fri more we love, the more risks and fears
endship-that-can-improve-romantic-relationships-in-tamil/art
icleshow/79813337.cms there are in life (Aguilar 2010).
Recognize the Human Body Imposes Limits and Possibilities for Transcendence
A. Hinduism: Reincarnation and Karma
An interesting Hindu belief is the transmigration
of souls, reincarnation, or “metempsychosis.” Essential
Hinduism is based on the belief in karma and has its first
literary expression in Upanishads. Everything in this
life, say the Hindus, is a consequence of actions
performed in the previous existence. Only by building
up an acceptable record, or “karma,” can final salvation
be achieved. This doctrine is a very old one. For the
Jains, there is nothing mightier in the world than karma;
karma tramples down all powers, like an elephant to a
clump of lotuses (Puligandla 2007). The Buddhists took
it over in large part when they broke away from
Brahmanism.

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B. Buddhism: Nirvana
Nirvana means the state in which
one is free from all forms of bondage and
attachment. It means to overcome and
remove the cause of suffering. It is also the
state of perfect insight into the nature of
existence. The Buddhists see one who has
attained nirvana as unencumbered from all
the fetters that bind a human being to
existence (i.e., wealth). He has perfect
knowledge, perfect peace, and perfect
wisdom (Aguilar 2010).
When the Buddha was asked whether one who attains nirvana exists or ceases to
exist after death, he simply refused to answer the question and instead maintained
complete silence. The question is seen as inappropriate that any attempt to answer
it can only lead into the quagmire of idle metaphysical speculations and futile
philosophical disputes. The Buddha did not want his disciples to concern
themselves with purely theoretical problems. Further, the Buddha’s silence is due
to his awareness that Nirvana is a state that transcends every mundane experience
and hence cannot be talked about, for all talk is possible only within the
perceptual-conceptual realm. Nirvana is beyond the sense, language, and thought
(Puligandla 2007)
Another false conception regarding nirvana is that one who attains it cuts
themselves off the world of toil, tears, and turmoil. It spends its life in a state of
total inactivity and indifference to the world around him. Far from living a
sedentary life, the Buddhis are always surrounded by people, from the day of his
enlightenment until death (Puligandla 2007). It is, thus, absurd to describe nirvana
as a state of inactivity, stupor, and indifference. One who has attained
enlightenment is a non-attachment. This means that as one attains wisdom, one
desires nothing for himself but always works for the well-being and liberation of
his fellow humans.
This way of life conforms to Buddha’s teaching that wisdom consists in
treading the Middle Way, avoiding the extreme of asceticism, inactivity, and
indifference on the one hand and that of frantic activity and mindless pursuit of
pleasure on the other. The nirvanic man, according to Puligandla 2007, is the
faithful follower of the Buddha, in that he neither always sits absorbed in

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meditation nor is always involved in inactivity. He is the living testimony that the
middle way is indeed the way to enlightenment.
C. St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas: Will and Love

For St. Augustine, physically we are free, yet morally bound to obey the
law. The Eternal law is God Himself. According to this law, humanity must do
well and avoid evil, hence, the existence of moral obligation in every human
being. The Christian life is not easy. However, no human being should become an
end to himself. We are as responsible to our neighbors as we are for our own
actions.
The truth of St. Augustine’s message still rings true to this day. Despite
Augustine’s period, which was decadent, are our times any less corrupt? The
innocence of heart and purity can only be gained by God’s grace. God alone can
give that gift to some instantly or to others at the end of an entire life’s struggle.
That gift, in itself, is a major triumph. Through prayer, modesty, fasting, and other
sound measures that the Church recommends, God provides, can purity of heart,
mind, and body be maintained and daily lived (Johnston 2006).

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Activity 3.6-2
THE REVITALIZED ME
Direction: Complete the chart by rewriting your present limitations with reference to
your answers in the previous activities. Make an action plan towards transcendence.
MY LIMITATIONS PLAN TOWARDS TRANSCENDENCE

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RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 3.6-2
CATEGORY DESCRIPTION PERCENTAGE POINT

S
Content Demonstrate thorough 30%

self-reflective analysis
Organization Presents the reflection in a 30%

compelling, highly
organized manner
Fluency Use of articulate and 20%

appropriate language, word
choice, and sentence
structure.
Punctuality Able to submit the task on or 20%

before the due time.
Total 100%

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Revision # 2
TOPIC: THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT
Picture Source: http://www.rebellesociety.com/2016/06/22/gaiagiakalli-nature-dweller/
Summary of Learning Content

At the end of this module the learner will be able to:
1. Notice disorder in an environment.

2. Notice things that are not in their proper place and organize them in an aesthetic
way.
3. Show that care for the environment contributes to health, well-being, and
sustainable development.
4. Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards environments.

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MOTIVATION:
Picture Analysis
Direction: Compare the following pictures then answer the following questions:
Picture Source:
https://www.mosselbayadvertiser.com/News/Article/LifeStyle/enviro-monday-more-than-a-million-plastic-bags-are-used-every-minute-
20171106
Processing Questions:
1. Which of the pictures show a much preferable condition?
2. How can the condition of the first picture be maintained?
3. How can the condition of the second picture be improved?

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Disorder in the Universe
The domination of humanity is linked to the domination of nature based on the
anthropocentric model. An unfair or unjust utilization of the environment results in an
ecological crisis. From this view, it follows that human arrogance toward nature is
justifiable in order to satisfy human interests. Sometimes, humans adopt an exploitive
attitude whenever nature is merely considered as an instrument for one’s profit or gain.
For example, quarrying or cutting down old trees could justify our exploitative attitude
toward nature.
Current research by Zimmerman (1994), Elgin (2009), and Pettman (2012) to

name a few, exposed the environmental consequence of international politico-economic
specialization for specific countries and global regions. Research also shows the
implications for both cases of abuse of natural resources and of the generation of waste
and emissions. Numerous concepts and indicators have been used to understand the
environmental impact such as the carbon footprint (CF). For Instance, the emission of

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greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, fluoride, and nitrous oxide that are
part of the production goods and services consumed in many countries. Studies reveal
that the higher the income, there is a substantial change in consumption patterns, which
results in higher CF.
The carbon footprint has eight categories:

1. Construction
(The construction of residential and commercial buildings)
2. Shelter
(A small building or covered place which is made to protect people from bad
weather or danger)
3. Food
(Any nourishing substance that is eaten, drunk, or otherwise taken into the body
to sustain life, provide energy, promote growth, etc.)
4. Clothing
(Also known as (clothes, apparel, and attire) are items worn on the body.)
5. Mobility
(The ability to move freely)
6. Manufactured goods
(Good that is produced mainly by the application of labor and capital to raw
materials and other intermediate inputs.)
7. Services
(Non-physical, intangible parts of our economy, as opposed to goods, which we
can touch or handle.)
8. Trade
(Trade is the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods or services between
people, firms, or countries.)
The ecocentric model puts the ecosystem first and assumes that the natural world
has intrinsic value. Nature is not valued for the future survival of the human species per
se but is invaluable in itself. For instance, humans have a responsibility toward the land.
However, because of the anthropocentric attitude, humanity claims ownership or
authority over the land.
For the ecocentric model, instead, love, respect, admiration for nature, and high
regard for its value are essential. For instance, in the ecocentric model, the land will be

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considered not an instrumental mode of production but will be preserved with integrity,
stability, and beauty.
If humanity overworks the soil and substitutes domesticated species of plants and
animals for wild ones, human-made changes threaten the health of nature. Unlike changes
in the evolutionary process, our human interventions have swift and even, violent effects
in nature. A study blames human activities for a drastic decline in a wildlife population.
Due to hunting and fishing, 52% of the wildlife population deteriorated. Whether nature
can adapt to these changes and self-renew becomes a vague issue.
The study, for instance, established that the damage is not inevitable but a
consequence of our choices. Accordingly, humanity needs to develop an “ecological
conscience” based on individual responsibility.
In 2004, indigenous grandmothers, representing tribes from the Arctic Circle, Nepal,
and Tibet held a meeting to be able to preserve their community. Deeply concerned with
the destruction of Mother Earth, including the contamination of air, water, and soil, war,
poverty, and destruction of the indigenous way of life, they have committed themselves
to form an alliance that will embrace prayer, education, and healing for our Mother Earth,
for all her inhabitants and for the future generations.
The 2007 United Nations Declaration grants the indigenous people “the right to
conservation, restoration, and protection of the total environment and the productive
capacity of their lands, and resources, as well as the assistance for this purpose from
States and through international cooperation.” The relationship of the indigenous people
with the environment is, thus spiritually and materially strengthened (Ramiscal 2013).

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Notice Things that are not on their Proper Place and organize them in an Aesthetic
Way
A. Ancient Thinkers
Early Greek philosophers, the Melisians, regarded Nature as spatially without
boundaries, that is, as infinite or infinite in extent. One ancient thinker, Anaximander,
employed the term “boundless” to convey the further thought that nature is
indeterminate—boundless in the sense that no boundaries between the warm and cold or
the moist and dry regions are originally present within it (Solomon & Higgins 2010).
https://wethinkthrough.com/2018/10/26/anaximander/
Anaximander
Creation & Destruction. According to Anaximander’s sketch of the genesis of
the world (cosmogony), the evolution of the world begins with the generation of
opposites in a certain region of nature; a portion of the boundless first differentiates itself
into a cold moist-mass surrounded by a roughly spherical shell of the warm-dry. Once the
warm-dry has been separated out, surrounding the cold-moist, it begins to evaporate the
moisture of the latter, and the process forms a vaporous atmosphere.
Eventually, the expanding vapor or steam bursts, enclosing fiery shells into rings
and rushing outward, enveloping them. The opposite forces caused an imbalance that
necessitated their ultimate destruction (Price 2000). What appears to us as heavenly
bodies are in reality parts of the fiery rings that we glimpse through openings left in their
steamy, vaporous envelopes. The revolution of the stars, sun, and moon around the
central earth is in reality the rotation of the vapor-enveloped rings of fire.

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https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B077DZX436/braipick-20
Pythagoras
Another ancient philosopher, Pythagoras, described the universe as the living
embodiment of nature’s order, harmony, and beauty. He sees our relationship with the
universe involving biophilia (love of other living things) and cosmophilia (love of other
living beings). Perhaps, we could consider the early him as an ecologist.
The Chinese cosmic conception, on the other hand, is based on the assumption
that all that happens in the universe is a continuous whole like a chain of natural
consequences. All events in the universe follow the universe and do not proceed onward
but revolve without beginning or end. There is nothing new under the sun; the “new” is a
repetition of the old (Quito 1991). Human being’s happiness lies in their conformity with
nature or tao; the wise, therefore, conform to tao and are happy.
B. Modern Thinkers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant
Immanuel Kant
In his third critique, Critique of Judgment, Immanuel Kant expresses that beauty
is ultimately a symbol of morality (Kant1977). According to him, we must ignore any

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practical motives or inclinations that we have and instead contemplate the object without
being distracted by our desire (Goldblatt & Brown 2010). For instance, one should not be
tempted to plunge into the water in a seascape portrait. In a sense, therefore, the chance
that we take forward the beautiful object is similar to that which we take toward other
human beings when we are properly respectful of their dignity.
The beautiful encourage us to believe that nature and humanity are part of an even
bigger design. This sense of order in a beautiful object is not translatable into a formula
or a recipe. Rather the concept of a larger design has its place in an ultimate goal in which
every aspect of the sensible world reality. Ultimately, Kant believes that the orderliness of
nature and the harmony of nature with our faculties guide us toward a deeper religious
perspective.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herbert-Marcuse https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Herbert_Mead
Herbert Marcuse George Herbert Mead

Understanding our relationship with the environment can also refer to human
beings with ecology and nature. For Herbert Marcuse, humanity had dominated nature.
There can only be change if we will change our attitude towards our perception of the
environment. Moreover, for Mead, as human beings, we do not have only rights but
duties. We are not only citizens of the community but how we react to this community
and in our reaction to it, change it.

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Theories that Show Care for the Environment
There are numerous theories to show care for the environment aside from the
ecocentric model such as deep ecology, social ecology, and ecofeminism to name some.
A. Deep Ecology
For this theory, the ecological crisis is an outcome of
anthropocentrism. The controlling attitude of humankind is
extended to nature, when in fact, humanity is part of nature. Deep
ecologists encourage humanity to shift away from
anthropocentrism to ecocentrism.
(Ex. Tree planting and man-made forests.)
B. Social Ecology
For this theory, the ecological crisis results
from authoritarian social structures. Destroying nature
is a reflection wherein few people overpower others
while exploiting the environment for profit or
self-interest. Social ecologists call for small-scale
societies, which recognize that humanity is linked with
the well-being of the natural world on which human life depends.
(Therefore social ecology is the study of how individuals interact with and respond to the
environment around them, and how these interactions affect society and the environment
as a whole.)
C. Ecofeminism
This theory argues that ecological crisis is a
consequence of male dominance. In this view, whatever is
“superior” is entitled to whatever is inferior. Male traits as
in the anthropocentric model are superior as opposed to
female traits as in the ecocentric model. Domination
works by forcing the other to conform to what is superior.
Nature must be tamed, ordered, and submitted to the will
of the superior. For the adherents of this view, freeing
nature and humanity means removing the superior vs.
inferior in human relations.

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(Therefore the ecofeminism is a feminist approach to environmental ethics and the
ecofeminists believe there are interconnections between the oppression of women
(sexism) the oppression of other human others (racism) and the domination of nature
(naturism).
These theories value the care, conservation, preservation of nature, and humanity.
Our search for the meaning of life must explore not just our own survival but calls for a
new socio-ecological order. Erich Fromm (2013), a German humanistic philosopher,
believes that it is about time that humanity ought to recognize not only itself but also the
world around it. For Fromm, as human beings, our biological urge for survival turns into
selfishness and laziness. He argues that as humans, it is also inherent in us to escape the
prison cell of selfishness.
Demonstrate the Virtues of Prudence and Frugality toward Environment
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8788.Erich_Fr
Erich Fromm
Fromm (2013) proposed a new society that should encourage the emergence of a
new human being that will foster prudence and moderation or frugality toward the
environment. These are some of the functions of Fromm’s envisioned society:
1. The willingness to give up all forms of having, in order to fully be.
2. Being fully present where one is.
3. Trying to reduce greed, hate, and illusions as much as one is capable.
4. Making the full growth of oneself and one’s fellow beings as the supreme goal of
living.
5. Not deceiving others, but also not being deceived by others; one may be called
innocent, but not naïve.

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6. Freedom that is not arbitrariness but the possibility to be oneself, not as a bundle of
greedy desires, but as a delicately balanced structure that at any moment is confronted
with the alternatives of growth or decay, life or death.
7. Happiness in the process of ever-growing aliveness, whatever the furthest point is that
fate permits one to reach, for living as fully as one can be so satisfactory that the concern
for what one might or might not attain his little chance to develop.
8. Joy that comes from giving and sharing, not from hoarding and exploiting.
9. Developing one’s capacity for love, together with one’s capacity for critical,
unsentimental thought.
10. Shedding one’s narcissism and accepting the tragic limitations inherent in human
existence.
The ideals of this society cross all party lines; protecting nature needs focused
conservation, action, political will, and support from industry. If all these sectors agree on
the same goals, the possibility of change would seem to be considerably greater,
especially since most citizens have become less and less interested in party loyalty and
slogans.

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Activity 4.7-2
Brochure Making
Direction: Make a brochure that shows appreciation to the environment by creating

advocacy campaigns to show proper care of the environment that contributes to
well-being and sustainable development. Answer the guide questions provided below.
You may use bond paper, colored paper or any coloring materials.
Sample Brochure:
https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+brochure+about+environment&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj68-nZ9PXxAhUQON4KHX
Z8C8QQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=ci-eilai1qBtpM
Rubrics for the Brochure Making

Category 4 3 2 1
Display All parts are clearly Many parts are clearly Some parts are clearly All parts are not
labeled labeled labeled clearly labeled
Mechanics and There are no mistakes There are minor There are several There are many
Spelling in mechanics, spelling mistakes in mechanics mistakes in mechanics mistakes in mechanics
a and spelling that do and spelling and spelling
not detract from the
presentation
Presentation The brochure is The brochure is The brochure is The brochure is

presented with an presented with a fluent presented with a presented as difficult
expressive and fluent voice and occasional choppy voice and an for the audience to
voice and good eye eye contact attempt is made to hear and a little or no
contact. make an eye contact eye contact
Layout The layout is well The layout is The layout is The layout is
organized. organized. somewhat organized. confusing.
Punctuality Able to submit the task The brochure was The brochure was The brochure was
on or before the due submitted a day late to submitted2 days late to submitted5 days late to
time. its submission its submission its submission

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Guide Questions:
1. How do you feel while you are making brochures?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. How can you show your appreciation for the environment using your own made
brochures?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. How does the brochure you created help the campaign advocacy in the
environment?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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Learning Feedback Diary 4.7-3
Direction: Please answer the following questions in a narrative form.
1. What are the problems that you encounter during the discussion? Any suggestions?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. What has particularly interested you in the module?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you encounter any difficulties in reading the topics? In what particular topic?
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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PHOTO SOURCE:
Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/search?q=human+person+as+an+embodied+spirit&tbm=isch&chips=q:human+person+as+an
+embodied+spirit,g_1:body&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjAmoLXmqryAhUID6YKHVzUCmMQ4lYoAHoECAEQ
EQ&biw=1349&bih=657#imgrc=4UocZdN36A_HVM
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https://www.google.com/search?q=human+&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwilsZf3mqryAhV2x4sBHVVkBW4Q2-cCegQI
ABAA&oq=human+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECAAQQzIECAAQQzIICAAQgAQQsQMyBAgAEEMyBQgAEIAE
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https://www.google.com/search?q=human&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi38LnOlLrqAhVE7ZQKHSaPCkEQ2-cCegQIA
BAA&oq=human&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzIFCAAQsQMyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyA
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dii=33LqPANkl2CgSM
Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/search?q=thomas+merton&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiniobYlofyAhV
Wed4KHUiyDOQQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=N6wcPo4N1IlwFM
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IABAA&oq=forgive&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgCMgQIABBDMgUIABCxAzIFCAAQsQMyAggAMgUIABCxAzIIC
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Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/search?q=real%20nature%20beauty&tbm=isch&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0QtI8BKABqFwoT
CNjf0u6Xh_ICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAM&biw=1349&bih=657#imgrc=9m-_uGUA8H_dqM
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https://www.google.com/search?q=vulnerable&tbm=isch&hl=en&chips=q:vulnerable,g_1:woman:sTnTqyXcYJc%3D
&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji9dbhmIfyAhVM7ZQKHe4kAuYQ4lYoA3oECAEQFw&biw=1349&bih=657#imgrc=l2DcJa
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https://www.google.com/search?q=loneliness&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjjie_wmYfyAhXhIaYKHeuCCegQ2-cCegQI
ABAA&oq=lone&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgcIABCxAxBDMgcIABCxAxBDMgQIABBDMgcIABCxAxBDMgcI
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Retrieved from

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https://www.google.com/search?q=love&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTmZGomofyAhXXzYsBHThqC1MQ2-cCegQIA
BAA&oq=love&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIHCAAQsQMQQzIECAAQQzIECAAQQzIHCAAQsQMQQzIECAAQQzIE
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Retrieved from
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-cCegQIABAA&oq=st+augustine+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECAAQQzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIA
DICCAAyAggAMgIIADoECAAQGFDqxgRY8tcEYJ3bBGgAcAB4AIABVogBkQ2SAQIyMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3c
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Retrieved from
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CegQIABAA&oq=homo+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgUIABCxAzIFCAAQsQMyBQgAELEDMgIIADICCAAyA
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bih=657&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=KhT_IdolvECyUM
REFERENCE:
Abella, R. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon City. C&E Publishing Inc.
Ramos, Christine Carmela(2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person, Sampaloc Manila, Rex Bookstore
Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/about.html
Retrieved from http://www.philosophybasics.com

PHILO 001 2020-2021
TO 2021-2022
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Philo001 Module2

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PROGRAM AND YEAR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADE 11 & 12

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE TAGAYTAY

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At the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. The learner understands the meaning and process of doing philosophy.

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ASSESSMENT METHOD PLATFORM

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4. Activity 3.6-2 Accomplish Activity 3.6-2 September 20-24, 2021

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Summary of Learning Content:

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Age Things That I can do Things That I cannot do

*Students will identify their strengths and weaknesses through a checklist.

3. What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities?

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The Traditional Concept of Man

Human refers to a man as a species. A human being is also used to distinguish

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Other Traits and Capabilities of Humans

Psychological Perspective emphasizes human behavior and thought processes in

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Rationality is the state of being reasonable, the ability to understand experiences

Intelligence is the ability to perceive information, store knowledge, and apply it

Introspection – the ability to examine one's conscious thoughts, feelings, mental

Economic Perspective focuses on man's ability to engage in productive activities

Theological Perspective is considered man is God created, man is considered to

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The human person refers to the totality of an individual possessing awareness,

Sentience capacity to be aware of feelings, experiences, and sensations. It is the

The self as Integrated and Developing is the self is composed of varied

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Knowing Your Limits and Boundaries. Our

CATEGORY DESCRIPTION PERCENTAGE POINTS

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Summary of Learning Content:

At the end of this module, the learner will be able to:

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2. Do you agree with this quotation? Yes or No? Why?

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Does technology dictate life in our

In philosophy, the adjective transcendental and the noun transcendence convey

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B. The Beauty of Nature

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C. St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas: Will and Love

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MY LIMITATIONS PLAN TOWARDS TRANSCENDENCE

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CATEGORY DESCRIPTION PERCENTAGE POINT

Content Demonstrate thorough 30%

Organization Presents the reflection in a 30%