Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

Del Norte, Pasacao, Camarines Sur 4418
www.cbsua.edu.ph

MODULE IN MATH 105:

PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

UNIT 4: QUADRILATERALS
Expected Learning Outcomes
At the end of the module, the pre-service teachers should be able to:

• classify the different kinds of quadrilaterals

• solve the area of the different types of polygonal regions
• prove theorems involving quadrilaterals

Learning Resources:

CLEGG, A. ■. (2013, 2008 ). Mathematical Excursions. 20 Davis Drive: Brooks/Cole, Cengage

Learning.

Gillesania, D. I. (2012/2014). Engineering Mathematics Volume 1. Cebu DGPrint, Inc.

Hart, W. L. (1980). Mathmatics of Investment. Lexington, Massachusetts Toronto London:

D.C. Health and Company.

Discussion Entries

 QUADRILATERALS
- A quadrilateral is a simple closed figure with four sides .

 CLASSIFICATIONS OF QUADRILATERALS and their PROPERTIES

1. PARALLELOGRAM

- is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.

Theorem 1.1 Both pairs of opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.

Theorem 1.2 Both pairs of opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.

Theorem 1.3 The diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.

Theorem 1.4 The distance between two given parallel lines is constant.
Theorem 1.5 If two sides of a quadrilateral are parallel and equal, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

Theorem 1.6 If both pairs of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal, then
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

Theorem 1.7 If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

Three Special Parallelograms:

a. Rectangle – is a parallelogram with four right angles.

Theorem 1.8 A parallelogram is a rectangle if and only if its diagonals are

equal

b. Rhombus – is a parallelogram with four equal sides.

Theorem 1.9 A parallelogram is a rhombus if and only if its diagonals are

perpendicular.
Theorem 1.10 A parallelogram is a rhombus if and only if each diagonal
bisects a pair of opposite angles of the parallelogram.

c. Square – is a rectangle with four equal sides

2. TRAPEZOIDS
- is a quadrilaterals with exactly one pair of opposite sides parallel.

- The median of a trapezoid is the segment joining the midpoints of the

legs of the trapezoid.

- An isosceles trapezoid is a trapezoid whose legs are equal.

Theorem 1.11 Each pair of base angles of an isosceles trapezoid is equal.

Theorem 1.12 The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are equal.

SUMMARY OF SOME OF THE PROPERTIES

 PERIMETER and AREA of QUADRILATERALS
 Other Useful Formula

- General Quadrilateral

Given diagonals d1 and d2 and included angle ᶿ:

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑑 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2 1 2
Given four sides a, b, c, d, and sum of two opposite
angles:

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = √(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐 )(𝑠 − 𝑑 ) − 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒;

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑
𝑠=
2
∠𝐀+∠𝐂 ∠𝐁+∠𝐃
𝜃= 𝑜𝑟 𝜃 =
2 2

- Parallelogram

Given diagonals d1 and d2 and included angle ᶿ:

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑑 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2 1 2
Given two sides a, b and one angle A:

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴

- Rhombus

Given diagonals d1 and d2 :

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑑 𝑑
2 1 2
Given two sides a and one angle A:

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑎2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
- Examples:

Find the Perimeter of a Rectangle

Find the Perimeter of a Square

Find the Perimeter of a Parallelogram

Find the Area of a Rectangle

Find the Area of a Parallelogram

Find the Area of a Trapezoid