c@J`FRaUQH78>4441  

^IDWNRQDHFH HN AÑRH@BF
GFA^CXFH HN ADNIADFQ BÆQDAFQ
UR@ORFJF HN V^ÊJDAF
GDQDA@V^ÊJDAF c
DIG@RJN HN CFB@RFX@RD@ Iµ2

JFI^NC QDCWNQXRN UÆN[ JN[F (H@ANIXN)

Nycni Odsnc @vdnh` Ufhrñi

Cfurni Q`gêf Uftnridif Rfjêrnz
Knmdjnr Unrndrf Mnriæihnz
Fiidn Q`gêf Uärnz Afrvfkfc
Huvfi Unrintt Afjpdcc`
Iftfcdf Untr` R`hrêounz
Cfurf Wfinssf Urntnc R`jnr`
(nstuhdfitns)

J`itnrêf-añrh`bf

2526
  
c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

URÆAXDAF Iµ2. JFQF J@CNA^CFR HN ^IF Q^QXFIADF W@CÆXDC

  
c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

@BKNXDW@

Hntnrjdifr cf jfsf j`cnaucfr y cf hnisdhfh hn uif sustfiadf v`cætdc (ntfi`c), fpcdafih`

cf naufadñi hn nstfh` hn c`s ofsns dhnfcns. 

RNQ^JNI
Ni cf sdoudnitn præatdaf sn hntnrjdiñ cf jfsf j`cfr hn uif sustfiadf cêqudhf v`cætdc y cf hnisdhfh
hn cf sustfiadf ni nstfh` ofsn`s`, fpcdafih` cf naufadñi hn nstfh` hn c`s ofsns dhnfcns.
Nc pr`anhdjdnit` nxpnrdjnitfc
nxpnrdjnitfc sn ccnvñ f afb` afcnitfih` cf junstrf (ntfi`c), utdcdzfih` ui bfcñi
hn g`ih` pcfi` nc aufc gun snccfh`, a`i uif afpnruzf mnamf hn pfpnc fcujdid` a`i ui pnqunö`
`rdgdad` pfrf jnhdr cf tnjpnrfturf hnc ofs a`itnidh` ni nc rnadpdnitn, y sujnrodh` ni bfö` hn jfrêf
pfrf ccnvfr ui afcnitfjdnit` m`j`oäin`.
F pfrtdr hn c`s hft`s `btnidh`s ni nc nxpnrdjnit` sn afcaucñ cf jfsf j`cfr hn cf junstrf y su
hnisdhfh cfs aufcns gunr`i hn (87,724o/j`c) y (6,?o/C) rnspnatdvfjnitn
rnspnatdvfjnitn..

DIXR@H^AADÑI
Cf v`cftdcdhfh hnshn nc puit` hn vdstf quêjda`, gêsda` y hn cf tnrj`hdiæjdaf ns uif jnhdhf hn cf
tnihniadf hn uif sustfiadf f pfsfr f cf gfsn hn vfp`r.
Cf jfsf j`cfr hn uif sustfiadf
sustfiadf hfhf
 hfhf ns uif pr`pdnhfh gêsdaf hngdidhf
gêsdaf hngdidhf a`j` su jfsf
jfsf p`r
 p`r uidhfh
hn afitdhfh hn sustfiadf ` hn 6 j`c hn sustfiadf.
Ufrf hntnrjdifr cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hn ui a`jpunst` v`cætdc, ui j`h` hn mfanrc` a`isdstn ni mfanr
nvfp`rfr uif junstrf hnc jdsj` ni ui rnadpdnitn anrrfh` fc aufc sn cn mf fbdnrt` ui pnqunö`
`rdgdad` pfrf qun nsafpn pfrtn hnc vfp`r mfstf qun cf prnsdñi ditnrif hnc rnadpdnitn (hnbdhf fc vfp`r
qun qunhf nianrrfh`) snf doufc f cf prnsdñi ftj`sgärdaf.
Ns djp`rtfitn jniad`ifr qun i` s`c` sn punhn hntnrjdifr cfs pr`pdnhfhns hn ui aunrp` ofsn`s`,
sdi` qun tfjbdäi pfrf c`s hnjæs nstfh`s hn fornofadñi hn cf jftnrdf (sñcdh` y cêqudh`).
 c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

G^IHFJNIX@Q HN CF URÆAXDAF
^i j`h` hn hntnrjdifr cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hn ui cêqudh` v`cætdc, a`isdstn ni nvfp`rfr uif junstrf
hnc jdsj` ni ui rnadpdnitn anrrfh` fc aufc sn cn mf fbdnrt` ui pnqunö` `rdgdad` pfrf qun nsafpn
pfrtn hnc vfp`r mfstf qun cf prnsdñi ditnrif hnc rnadpdnitn (hnbdhf fc vfp`r qun qunhf nianrrfh`)
snf doufc f cf prnsdñi ftj`sgärdaf.
A`i`adh`s nc v`cujni, cf tnjpnrfturf y cf prnsdñi hnc ofs nianrrfh` ni nc rnadpdnitn, sn punhn
nit`ians
dhnfcns; hntnrjdifr cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hnc jdsj` fpcdafih` cf naufadñi hn nstfh` pfrf c`s ofsns

: 
H`ihn;
U ns cf prnsdñi ftj`sgärdaf ni ftj`sgnrf (ftj)
W ns nc v`cujni hnc rnadpdnitn
rnadpdnitn ni cdtr`s (C)
i ns nc iûjnr` hn j`cns hn cf sustfiadf ni nstfh` ofsn`s`
R ns cf a`istfitn pfrf c`s ofsns dhnfcns (5,5=2 ftj C/j`c L)

X ns cf tnjpnrfturf fbs`cutf
fbs`cutf ni L, f cf aufc sn niau
niaunitrf
nitrf cf sustfi
sustfiadf
adf ni nstfh` ofsn
ofsn`s`.
`s`.
Ufrf p`hnr mfccfr cf jfsf j`cnaucfr rnauärhnsn cfs sdoudnitns rncfad`ins;

   
:  :  
   
H`ihn;
i ns nc iûjnr` hn j`cns hn cf sustfiadf ni nstfh` ofsn`s`.
w ns nc pns` hnc cêqudh` a`ihnisfh` (doufc fc ofs qun sn niaunitrf ni nc rnadpdnitn).
J ns cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hn cf sustfiadf v`cætdc.
Qd rnnjpcfzfj`s nstfs nxprnsd`ins ni cf naufadñi hn nstfh`, `btninj`s;

 
 :
 
T, p`r c` tfit`, cf jfsf j`cnaucfr
j`cnaucfr rn`rhniæih`cf naufadñi fitnrd`r hn cf sdoudnitn jfinrf;

 
 :
 
 
c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

JFXNRDFCNQ T RNFAXDW@Q
➢  8 Xnrjñjntr`s

➢  6 Bfrñjntr`

➢  6 Q`p`rtn ^idvnrsfc

➢  6 Fr` jntæcda` a`i iuaf

➢  6 Jfccf hn fsbnst`
 
c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

➢  6 Udizf pfrf burntf

➢  6 Bfcñi hn g`ih` pcfi` hn 2>5 jc

➢  6 Bnfalnr hn 755 jC

➢  6 Udpntf orfhufhf hn > jC

 
c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

➢  6 Xrdæiouc` hn p`rancfif

➢  6 Ur`bntf orfhufhf hn 655 jC

➢  6 fcgdcnr

➢  6 Ufpnc hn fcujdid`

➢  6 Bfcfizf
 
c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

➢  Jnamnr`

➢  Bfihf hn afuam`

➢  Junstrf cêqudhf pr`bcnjf

➢  Mnxfi` (A7M7)
➢  Jntfi`c (AM1@M)
➢  Fant`if (AM1@AM1)
➢  Fantft` hn Ntdc` (AM1A@@A2M>)
➢  Ntfi`c (A2M>@M)
 c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

 
 

UR@ANHDJDNIX@ N]UNRDJNIXFC

Qn pnsñ 6Afpnruzf hn fcujdid` (Bfcñi g`ih` pcfi`)

Qn fornoñ 1 jC hn junstrf (ntfi`c)

Qn anrrñ Bfcñi a`i afpnruzf

Bfcñi a`i afpnruzf jæs Qn pnsñ

junstrf (ntfi`c)

Fitns hn didadfr nc Qn afcnitñ Ni bfö` hn jfrêf (Gdourf*) 

afcnitfjdnit` pnrg`rfr cf
afpnruzf.

Qn rnodstrñ  Xnjpnrfturf hn cf junstrf ni nstfh` ofsn`s`

Wnrdgdafr qun nc a`ikuit` Qn nigrdñ Bfcñi a`i afpnruzf jæs junstrf(ntfi`c)nvfp`rfhf  

i` nstn mûjnh`

Qn pnsñ Nc a`ikuit` sna`

Qn jdhdñ Nc v`cujni hnc bfcñi a`i fouf y uif pr`bntf

 c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

 
 

Gdourf *; Bfö` hn jfrêf

 c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

 
 

AÆCA^C@Q, RNQCXFH@Q T FIÆCDQDQ

XFBCF 6. A`ihdad`ins hn tnjpnrfturf y prnsdñi hn cfb`rft`rd` (prnsdñi hn cf aduhfh) y hft`s
`btnidh`s hurfitn cf præatdaf.
C`s hft`s prnsnitfh`s f a`itdiufadñi, gunr`i t`jfh`s hn uif præatdaf nxpnrdjnitfc rnfcdzfhf ni
nc fitnrd`r snjnstrn aursfh`, hnbdh` f qun p`r cf pfihnjdf i` sn mf p`hdh` rnfcdzfr cf præatdaf ni
nc cfb`rft`rd`.
A@IHDAD@INQ HN CFB@RFX@RD@
Xnjpnrfturf hnc cfb`rft`rd` 2>»A : 24= L
Urnsdñi bfr`jätrdaf cfb`rft`rd` 6 ftj
HFX@Q N]UNRDJNIXFCNQ
Uns` hn bfcñi + Ufpnc fcujdid` 2?,8745o
Uns` hn bfcñi + pfpnc fcujdid` + 24,=875o
sustfiadf cdqudhf hnsa`i`adhf
Uns` hn bfcñi + pfpnc fcujdid` + 2?,>4>5no
sustfiadf a`ihnisfhf
Xnjpnrfturf hn cf sustfiadf ni nstfh` 85»A (16>,6>L)
ofsn`s`
W`cujni hn sustfiadf cdqudhf 1 jC
W`cujni hn cf sustfiadf ni nstfh` ?5jC: 5,5?C
ofsn`s`
F a`itdiufadñi, afcaucfrnj`s cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hn cf sustfiadf ofsn`sf usfih` cf tnjpnrfturf
qun prnsnitñ aufih` t`hf cf sustfiadf sn nia`itrfbf nvfp`rfhf y cf prnsdñi bfr`jätrdaf hnc
cfb`rft`rd`.
Ufrf afcaucfr nc pns` hn cf sustfiadf ofsn`sf rnstfj`s c` sdoudnitn;

_(bfcñi + pfpnc fcujdid` + sustfiadf a`ihnisfhf) ‑_(bfcñi + pfpnc fcujdid`) : _(sustfiadf ofsn`sf)

2?,>4>5o ‑  2?,8745o
 2?,8745o : 5,627o

Fgñrjucf
a`itdiufadñi, utdcdzfj`s
pfrf afcaucfr cf j`cnaucfr
cf jfsf naufadñi hn
hn cfnstfh` hn ofsns
sustfiadf dhnfcnsniy nstfh`
hnsa`i`adhf `btninj`s cf sdoudnitn
ofsn`s`;
 
 :
 
H`ihn;

sustfiadf ofsn`sf ): 5,627 o R :

_   ( ( sustfiadf
5,5=2 ftj*C/j`c*L
X : 16>,6> L 
U : 6 ftj 
W : 5,5? C

(5,627 )(5,5=2
 
)(16>,6> ) 
 c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

 
 

 :  
)(5,5? ) 
(6

 : 87,724/ 

Ufrf afcaucfr cf hnisdhfh hn cf sustfiadf ofsn`sf;

       

 : :  :
       

 
(6 )(87,724 ) 
 :   
 
(5,5=2 )(16>,6> )  
  

 : 6,?4 / 

Ufrf afcaucfr cf hnisdhfh hn cf
c f sustfiadf hnsa`i`adhf utdcdzf
utdcdzfj`s
j`s nc v`cujni jnhdh` hn ästn y nc
pns` ni orfj`s hn cf jdsjf, a`j` j`strfj`s f a`itdiufadñi;
Ufrf afcaucfr nc pns` hn cf sustfiadf cdqudhf rnstfj`s c` sdoudnitn;

_(bfcñi + pfpnc fcujdid` + sustfiadf cdqudhf) ‑_(bfcñi + pfpnc fcujdid`) : _(sustfiadf cdqudhf)

24,=875o  ‑  2?,8745o
 2?,8745o : 2,11?o

Ufrf afcaucfr cf hnisdhfh;

 
 :
 
H`ihn;

_ (sustfiadf cdqudhf) : 2,11? o

W : 1 jC
2,11?   
 :
  1
 : 5,??4 / 
 c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

 
 

Fm`rf pr`anhnj`s f hntnrjdifr nc orfh` ` p`ranitfkn hn nrr`r hnc rnsuctfh` hn cf jfsf j`cfr
`btnidhf f rfêz hn c`s hft`s hnc nxpnrdjnit` a`jp
a`jpfrfhf
frfhf a`i nc vfc`r rnfc hn cf sustfiadf;
 −    
%  : ∟ 655 
 
87,5?o/j`c − 87,724/ 
% : ∟ 655  
87,5?o/j`c 

%  : 6,261 

A^NQXD@IFRD@

6. °Auæc ns nc v`cujni hnc ofs f a`ihdad`ins i`rjfcns0

 c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

 
 

Ufrf afcaucfr nc v`cujni hnc ofs f a`ihdad`ins i`rjfcns utdcdzfj`s cf naufadñi hn nstfh`;

 :    :  

 

 

 : (6 )(5,5=2 )(2?1,6>5 ) 

   : 22,14=  
(6 ) 
2. °Auæc ns nc pns` hnc v`cujni hnc ofs qun sn niaunitrf ni nc rnadpdnitn0
Ufrf afcaucfr nc pns` hn cf sustfiadf ofsn`sf a`itnidhf ni nc rnadpdnitn usfj`s cf sdoudnitn
g`rjucf;

_ (bfcñi + pfpnc fcujdid ` + s ustfiadf ofsn`sf) ‑_ (bfcñi + pfpnc fcujdid`) : _ (sustfiadf ofsn`sf)

24,=875o - 2?,8745o : 2,1??o

1.  °Añj` sn utdcdzf ui bfö` hn Jfrêf, a`j` hnbn snr nc puit` hn nbuccdadñi hn cf
sustfiadf cdqudhf a`i rnspnat` fc bfö` hn Jfrêf0
Nc bfö` Jfrêf ns ui jät`h` njpcnfh` ni cfs dihustrdfs y ni c`s cfb`rft`rd`s quêjda`s pfrf busafr
uif tnjpnrfturf nxfatf y uidg`rjn, pfrf uif sustfiadf cdqudhf ` sñcdhf, afcnitfhf cnitfjnitn<
nstn jät`h` busaf jnhdfitn nc pr`ans` ` cf faadñi hn ditr`huadr ui rnadpdnitn hnitr` hn `tr`
a`itnidnih` uif jnhdhf fbuihfitn hn fouf (` fandtns) f uif tnjpnrfturf jæxdjf ` ni nbuccdadñi<
afcnitfh` hn uif g`rjf dihdrnatf p`r a`ivnrsdñi tärjdaf. Fhnjæs, cf hdgnrniadf nitrn c`s puit`s
orfihns.  
hn nbuccdadñi hnc bfö` Jfrêf y hn cf sustfiadf (ni nstn afs` cdqudhf) hnbni snr juy orfihns.

8.  °U`r quä c`s aæcauc`s hnbni mfanrsn a`i nc a`ihnisfh` y i` a`i cf afitdhfh didadfc
t`jfhf0
Nst` sn hnbn prdiadpfcjnitn f qun nc a`ihnisfh` ns nc nstfh` gdifc hn ui pr`ans` drrnvnrsdbcn y
hnc aufc cf tnjpnrfturf y prnsdñi hn cf sustfiadf vf f snr hdstditf f cf didadfc, fhnjæs hn qun sn
qudnrn mfccfr
mfccf r nc pns` j`cnaucfr hn hdamf sustfiadf p`r jnhd` hn cf naufadñi
naufadñ i hn nstfh` hn c`s ofsns
dhnfcns. A`i nc nstfh` didadfc hnc a`jpunst` (cdqudh`) s`c` p`hrêf afcaucfrsn cf hnisdhfh, yf qun sn
sfbêf nc vfc`r hn su v`cujni y p`hêf afcaucfrsn gæadcjnitn su pns`, jæs fccæ hn qun nc pns`
j`cnaucfr hn ästf ni nstfh` cêqudh` ns nc jdsj` qun ni nstfh` ofsn`s`.

>.  °F pfrtdr hn cf naufadñi hn nstfh` hn c`s ofsns dhnfcns, hnhuzaf uif nxprnsdñi pfrf
hntnrjdifr cf hnisdhfh hn uif sustfiadf ni nstfh` ofsn`s`0
 c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

 
 

F pfrtdr hn cf naufadñi hn nstfh` hn ofsns dhnfcns y cf g`rjucf hn iûjnr` hn j`cns

`btnihrnj`s;
UW : iRX  <  :  
 

wRX wRX
UW : J:
J UW 

w UJ  UJ 
: H:
W RX RX 

G`rjucf hn hnisdh fh pfrf ofsn

ofsns
s d hnfcn
hnfcns.
s.

7. A`i c`s hft`s `btnidh`s ni nc nxpnrdjnit` afcaucn cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hn cf sustfiadf y cf

hnisdhfh hn cf jdsjf ni nstfh` cêqudh` y ni nstfh` ofsn`s` f cfs a`ihdad`ins hn cfb`rft`rd`
Ufrf nst` ns inansfrd` mfccfr nc pns` hn cf sustfiadf ni nstfh` cêqudh` y ofsn`s`, c`s aufcns yf
gunr`i afcaucfh`s fitnrd`rjnitn.
fitnrd`rjnitn. Fhnjæs, usfj`s nc rnst` hn hft`s qun sn prnsnitfi f
cfb`rft`rd`; 
a`ihdad`ins hn cfb`rft`rd`; 
Xfbcf 2. 
2. Hft`s f a`ihdad`ins hn cfb`rft`rd` pfrf nc aæcauc` hn cf hnisdhfh y cf jfsf
j`cnaucfr hn cf sustfiadf ni nstfh` cêqudh` y ni nstfh` ofsn`s`.
Hft`s f a`ihdad`ins hn cfb`rft`rd`
Qustfiadf ni nstfh` cdqudh` Qustfiadf ni nstfh` ofsn`s`
X: 24=,6> L X: 24=,6> L
U: 6 ftj  U: 6 ftj
R: 5,5=2 ftj*C/j`c*L R:5,5=2 ftj*C/j`c*L
W:5,556> C W: 5,5? C
w:6,61=o w:5,627o

Afcauc` hn cf jfsf j`cnaucfr pfrf nstfh` ofsn`s`;

 c@J`FRaUQH78>4441

 
 

J (,   . 
,))  .   , 
(5,447)(5,5?c) 
J: 87,724 o/j`c 

Afcauc` hn cf hnisdhfh hn cf sustfiadf ni nstfh` cêqudh`;

w 

H: H:  : 5,?41 / 

W 

Afcauc` hn cf hnisdhfh hn cf sustfiadf ni nstfh` ofsn`s`;

H: UJ H: (6   
) (87,724   )
RX (5,5=2 
/ )(16>,6> )
H: 6,?4 o/j`c

?.  °Uunhn hntnrjdifrsn p`r nstn jät`h` cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hn aufcqudnr cêqudh`0
Nxpcdqun.
I`, yf qun pfrf nstn jät`h` ns prngnrdbcn sustfiadfs a`i tnjpnrfturf hn nbuccdadñi anrafifs fc
fjbdnitn, y p`r c` jni`s 15µA jni`s qun cf tnjpnrfturf hn nbuccdadñi hnc cêqudh` hnc bfö`, ni
nstn afs` nc fouf.

=.  Nxpcdqun sd nc pns` j`cnaucfr hn cêqudh` v`cætdc fujnitf ` hdsjdiuyn, sd ni nc

nxpnrdjnit` sn prnsnitf uif hn cfs sdoudnitns sdtufad`ins;
f)
f)  Nc bfcñi nstfbf j`kfh` aufih` sn didadñ nc pr`ans`. 
pr`ans`.  
Ni nstn afs` nc pns` j`cnaucfr hn cf sustfiadf cdqudhf fujnitf hnbdh` f qun cf jfsf hn fouf `
mujnhfh qun mfbêf ni nc rnadpdnitn vf f fgnatfr nc pns` rnfc hn cf sustfiadf hnsa`i`adhf.

b) Nc cêqudh` nstfbf djpur` y hnk` ui rnsdhu` sñcdh` ni nc g`ih` hnc bfcñi hnspuäs hn
nvfp`rfrsn.
Fquê `btnihrêfj`s uif hdsjdiuadñi hn cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hn cf sustfiadf v`cætdc, yf qun fc nstfr
djpur` prnsnitf ni nccf jfsf fhdad`ifc qun vf f digcuniadfr f ui rnsuctfh` nrrñin` hnc pns`
j`cnaucfr hn cf sustfiadf cdqudhf v`cætdc.

a)  Nc bfcñi + vfp`r a`ihnisfh` sn pnsñ afcdnitn.

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Ni nstn afs` nc pns` j`cnaucfr fujnitfrêf. Hnbdh` f qun fc j`jnit` hn pnsfr nc sdstnjf afcdnitn
ni cf bfcfizf fifcêtdaf, cfs pfrtêaucfs sn niaunitrfi ni bfstfitn j`vdjdnit` y cfs pfrnhns hn
vdhrd` hnc rnadpdnitn sn hdcftfi, fujnitfih`
fujnitfih` nc pns` hnc sdstnjf.

h) Qn hnsaunitf nc pns` hnc fdrn a`itnidh` ni nc rnadpdnitn.

Cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hdsjdiudrêf hnbdh` f qun i` sn jnhdrêf cf jfsf prnsnitfhf p`r nc fdrn fc
j`jnit` hn c`s aæcauc`s.

4.  Nxpcdqun ni g`rjf acfrf y fifcdzfhf cfs snjnkfizfs y hdgnrniadfs hn nstn jät`h` a`i nc
jät`h` hn Hujfs. 
Hujfs. 
Xfbcf Qnjnkfizfs y hdgnrniadfs nitrn jät`h` hn Hujfs y jät`h` usfh` ni cf præatdaf .
J X@H@ ^Q ^QFH@ NI NI CCFF UR
UR AXDAF T J X@H@
HN H^JFQ
QNJNKFI[FQ Fjb`s jät`h`s tdnini a`j` `bkntdv` oninrfc cf hntnrjdifadñi
hn cf jfsf j`cnaucfr hn uif sustfiadf cdqudhf v`cætdc. Ni fjb`s
jät`h`s sustfiadf hnitr` hnc bfcñi sn ditr`huan f ui bfö` hn
Jfrêf. –Qn mdnrvn mfstf qun c`s vfp`rns g`rjfh`s nxpucsfi nc
fdrn hnc jftrfz y cf vfp`rdzfadñi ns a`jpcntf. Nc v`cujni sn
hntnrjdif p`r nc jät`h` hn Rnifuct. Cf prnsdñi hnc vfp`r hurfitn
nc snccfh` ns cf ftj`sgärdaf‚.

HDGNRNIADFQ 
Ni nc jät`h` hn Hujfs 
Hujfs  nc Ni cf præatdaf rnfcdzfhf 
rnfcdzfhf  nc
tnrjñjntr` jdhn cf tnrjñjntr` sn ubdaf hn tfc
tnjpnrfturf hnc bfö`, cf aufc g`rjf qun jdhf cf tnjpnrfturf
ns jfy`r qun
nbuccdadñi hn cf cfhnc sustfiadf
puit` hn hn cf sustfiadf
niaunitrf ni nstfh`aufih` sn
ofsn`s`.
Djfoni; Jät`h` hn Hujfs. hnsa`i`adhf.  
hnsa`i`adhf.

65. Nxpcdqun ni g`rjf acfrf y a`iadsf nc jät`h` hn Wêat`r Jnynr.

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Cf gdourf 1 junstrf ui nsqunjf hnc fpfrft`, qun a`istf hn ui tub` ditnrd`r B, hn ui`s >5 aj hn
  r`hnfh` hn uif afjdsf F, pfradfcjnitn ccnif a`i ui cêqudh` auy` puit` hn nbuccdadñi ns
c`iodtuh  r`hnfh`
p`r c` jni`s 15 orfh`s jfy`r qun nc hn cf sustfiadf ni nstuhd`. Cf guiadñi hn cf afjdsf nxtnrif
ns jfitninr cf tnjpnrfturf hnc tub` ditnrd`r a`istfitn p`r nbuccdadñi hnc cêqudh` ni F. Fhnjæs,
hnitr` hn nstn ûctdj` tub`, nxdstn `tr` A, fbdnrt` ni nc g`ih` y p`r nc aufc pfsf uif vfrdccf jntæcdaf
` hn vdhrd` sukntf a`i ui tfpñi hn mucn ni cf pfrtn supnrd`r a`j` sn `bsnrvf, y pr`vdst` hn ui
æiouc` ` fizunc` ni nc g`ih`. Cf sfcdhf hn B a`juidaf a`i uif burntf hn ofs ofs  O, ccnif hn fouf,
ni auy` afs` ns inansfrd` mfanr cf a`rrnaadñi hn prnsdñi a`rrnsp`ihdnitn hnc vfp`r fau`s`, `
prngnrdbcn.. C ns ui bucb` hn idvnc qun pnrjdtn
bdni ni cuofr hn fouf sn a`c`af jnraurd` qun rnsuctf prngnrdbcn
nc fkustn hn prnsdñi hnc ofs hn cf burntf ni O, f cf ftj`sgärdaf. Nc cêqudh` auy` pns` j`cnaucfr sn
hntnrjdif vf nianrrfh` ni uif fjp`ccf hdjdiutf pr`vdstf hn ui cfbd` gdifjnitn fcfrofh` U, qun
sn pnsf ni vfaê` prdjnr`. Hnspuäs sn nxtrfn nc cêqudh` inansfrd` pfrf pr`huadr ui`s 85 ` 75 aa
hn vfp`r  y
 y sn snccf nc bucb` a`i audhfh` a`i uif ccfjf, pnsæih`sn hn iunv`.
iunv `. Cf fjp`ccf sn auncof
ni nc fizunc` y nc fpfrft` qunhf hdspunst` a`j` c` junstrf cf gdourf.
Ufrf mfanr uif jnhdadñi, sn mdnrvn nc cêqudh` ni F, y sn jfitdnin fsê hurfitn cf `pnrfadñi. Fc
fcafizfr nc nqudcdbrd` tärjda`, c`s idvncns ni O y C
s`i doufcns, y nit`ians sn ngnatûf uif cnaturf. F
a`itdiufadñi, sn r`jpn cf fjp`ccf mfadnih`
am`afr su auncc` a`itrf cf bfsn hn A, fc j`vnr,

hnshn H, cf vfrdccf mfadf frrdbf.

R`t` nc bucb`, vfp`rdzf nc cêqudh` y nc v`cujni hn
fdrn sn hnspcfzf hnshn nc g`ih` hn B f cf burntf
hn ofs, ni uif pr`p`radñi doufc fc hn c`s vfp`rns
g`rjfh`s f cf tnjpnrfturf hnc tub` ditnrd`r. Ni
aufit` nigrêf f cf tnjpnrfturf fjb
fjbdnitn
dnitn sn jdhn nc
v`cujni `trf vnz. Qd c`s idvncns ni O y C s`i
doufcns, cf prnsdñi hnc fdrn ns nc ftj`sgärda`
nxtnrd`r f cf burntf, y cf tnjpnrfturf i`s cf
pr`p`rad`if
nc tnrjñjntr` M. 
M. 

Djfoni. Fpfrft` hn
Wêat`r Jnynr. 

A@IAC^QDÑI
Qn c`orñ, f pfrtdr hn cf naufadñi hn nstfh` hn c`s ofsns dhnfcns, nia`itrfr uif naufadñi qun
pnrjdtn hntnrjdifr cf jfsf j`cfr hn uif sustfiadf v`cætdc. Bfstñ a`i rnnsardbdr nc tärjdi`
a`rrnsp`ihdnitn
a`rrnsp`ihdni tn f cfs j`cns hn cf sustfiadf a`j` orfj`s hn cf jdsjf s`brn su jfsf j`cfr (w/J)
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y hnspnkfr cf jfsf j`cfr hn cf naufadñi. Ufrf nc afs` hn cf hnisdhfh sn rnnsardbdñ cf naufadñi

mfstf tninr ni nstf uif vfrdfbcn a`i uidhfhns hn jfsf s`brn v`cujni, ni nstn afs` cf naufadñi
frr`kf orfj`s s`brn cdtr`s (o/C) y gdifcjnitn hnspnkfr Cf jfsf j`cfr hn ntfi`c nia`itrfhf gun hn
87.724 o/j`c y su hnisdhfh gun hn 6.? o/C. Cf hnisdhfh nia`itrfhf tdnin ui vfc`r a`mnrnitn a`i
cf rnfcdhfh, c`s ofsns tdnini hnisdhfhns rncftdvfjnitn bfkfs hnbdh` fc j`vdjdnit` y am`quns qun
prnsnitfi sus j`cäaucfs y fc fjpcd` nspfad` qun tdnihni f `aupfr nstfs. C`s rnsuctfh`s `btnidh`
`btnidh`ss
gunr`i bfstfitn buni`s f pnsfr hn cfs a`ihdad`ins
a`ihdad`ins p`a` a`itr`cfhfs hnc cfb`rft`rd`.

BDBCD@ORFGDF
- Ditnriftd`ifc ^id`i `g Uurn fih Fppcdnh Amnjdstry (644=). Vufitdgdns, ^idts fih Qyjb`cs
5 -712-51>=.  
di Umysdafc Amnjdstry. 2hf nhdad`i, @xg`rh; Bcfalwncc Qadnian. DQBI 5-712-51>=.

- HNGDIDQXF, ONINRFC. Ninr` 26, 2567. A@IANUX@HNGDIDADÑI.HN.

A@IANUX@HNGDIDADÑI.HN.
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Hngdidadñi hn Bfö` Jfrêf.

Jfrêf. mttp;//a`ianpt`hngdidad`
mttp;//a`ianpt`hngdidad`i.hn/bfi`-jfrdf
i.hn/bfi`-jfrdf/./.

- JFR@I, QFJ^NC. UR^XX@I, A. Guihfjnit`s hn Gdsda`quêjdaf. Wdonsdj`säptdjf

2556. 
rndjprnsdñi. NHDX@RDFC CDJ^QF, Q.F hn A.W. Jäxda` 2556. 

- mttp;//nxf.uiin.nhu.fr/qudjdaf/qudjoninrfc/^IDHFHWOfsns.phg