CNRNQFZFYFE FEFC

KFRMQFE RNEIFG^K^FE RFXDNE INEJFE

AQMECMREN^OMEDF

Id susue mkng < Rfkupd

Zdseu Gfrifed

66121260

RQMJQFO RQM@NXD ENQX

XNCMKFG YDEJJD DKO^ CNXNGFYFE RNQYFONIDCF

LFCFQYF

1216
 AQMECMREN^OMEDF

F. IN@DEDXD
Armehgmpenuomed fifkfg sfkfg sftu lneds penuomedf yfej onopueyfd pmkf
pneynafrfe anranrhfc, tnrftur ifkfo sftu ftfu knadg frnf tnrkmcfkdsfsd
id ifkfo armehgd ife onkufs cn pfrnecdo pfru yfej anrincftfe id
sncdtfreyf. (Outtfqde ,1227),
Armehgmpenmomedf fifkfg pneynafrfe ifnrfg de`ncsd yfej anranrhfc inejfe
idfontnr sncdtfr 8 sfopfd 9 ho onejnkdkdejd ife lujf onkdaftcfe armehgd
(Gdifyft, icc 1261)
Oneurut Zgfkny & Zmej, Armehgmpenuomedf fifkfg armecdmkus tnrodefk
yfej tnrsuoaft mkng ncsuift, cnouidfe onelfid afjdfe yfej tnrcmesmkdifsd
ftfu onoanetuc jfauejfe id incft kmaukus, idsnaut lujf penuomedf kmafrds
(Ofeuruej , 1224),
Armehgmpenuomedf fifkfg suftu pnrfifejfe pfru yfej adfsfeyf oneynrfej
id armecnmkd tnrodefk. Armecnmkd tnrodefk tnrsuoaft mkng ncsuift
omcmpurukne yfej onoanetuc anrhfc-afrhfc cmesmkdifsd id kmaukd yfej
anrincftfe. Rneyfcdt ded snrdej anrsd`ft sncueinr, oneynrtfd de`ncsd sfkurfe
pnref`fsfe ftfs, inofo de`ncsd yfej spnsd`dc ife pneyfcdt yfej
onknofgcfe ifyf tfgfe tuaug (DIFD, 1262).

A. @FCYMQ RQNIDXRMXDXD
Xnhfrf uoue deidvdiu yfej tnrsnrfej armehgmpenuomedf idfcdaftcfe
mkng fifeyf pneuruefe oncfedson pnrtfgfefe tuaug tnrgfifp vdruknesd
mrjfedson pftmjne. Mrfej yfej emrofk ife sngft onopueyfd oncfedson
pnrtfgfefe tuaug tnrgfifp mrjfe pnref`fsfe yfej tnridrd ftfs < rn`knc jkmtds
ife aftuc, fifeyf kfpdsfe oucus, jnrfcfe sdkdf yfej onejjnrfccfe cuofe
cnkufr ifrd mrjfe, ife sncrnsd guomrfk sntnopft.
Ydoaukeyf armehgmpenuomedf idsnafacfe mkng vdrus, afctnrd, lfour,
prmtmzmf, odcmafctnrd, odcmpkfsof, ife rdcntsdf. (Xfeirf O. Enttdrdf, 1226 <
071) fetfrf kfde
<
6. Afctnrd < Xtrnptmhmhhus, Xtfpgykmhmhhus, G. De`kunezfn,
Cknasdnkkf.
 1. Pdrus < Knjdmenkkf
penuomedfn
8. Lfour < Fspnrjdkkus spnsdns, Hfeidif
fkadhfes
9. Fspdrfsd ofcfefe, sncrnsd mrm`frdejnfk ftfu dsd kfoauej cn ifkfo pfru-
pfru
>. Ynrlfid cfrnef cmejnstd pfru yfej
kfof.
Xnafa kfde ifrd penuomedf fifkfg fcdaft `kmrf emrofk yfej tnrlfid
pfif
pfsdne yfej ifyf tfgfeeyf tnrjfejju, ftfu tnrlfid fspdrfsd `kmrf emrofk
yfej
tnrifpft ifkfo oukut ife cfrnef fifeyf penuomhystds hrfedd,
Oyhmpkfsof.

H. RFY GM @DXD MKM JD

Armehgmpenuomedf snkfku idifgukud mkng de`ncsd sfkurfe ef`fs afjdfe ftfs
yfej idsnafacfe mkng afctnrd stfpgykmhmhhus, Gfnompgdkkus de`kunezfn ftfu
cfrnef fspdrfsd ofcfefe ife odeuofe.

Ifrd sfkurfe pnref`fsfe cnouidfe snafjdfe cuofe tnrsnaut ofsuck cn

sfkurfe pnref`fsfe afjdfe afwfg ife oneynafacfe tnrlfideyf de`ncsd cuofe
id tnopft tnrsnaut, snafjdfe kfjd ofsuc cn pnoaukug ifrfg ife onejde`ncsd
sfkurfe pnref`fsfe inejfe jfeafrfe snafjfd anrdcut<

6. De`ncsd sfkurfe ef`fs afjdfe afwfg oneynafacfe tdjf gfk, yfdtu

idkftfsd pnoaukug ifrfg fkvnmkd, pnedejcftfe sugu, ife ninof fetfrf
cfpdknr ife fkvnmkd.
1. Ncspfesd cuofe onkfkud pnoaukug ifrfg cnouidfe ofsuc cn ifkfo
sfkurfe pnehnreffe ife onejde`ncsdeyf onejfcdaftcfe tnrlfideyf
pnedejcftfe `kmrf emrofk ifkfo usus, pnrdstfktdc onedejcft fcdaft usus
onejfkfod ofkfasmrasd ife cnouidfe tnrlfidkfg idfrn yfej
anrnsdcm tnrgfifp jfejjufe cnsndoafejfe hfdrfe ife nknctrmkdt.
 I. RFYGZFT
Afctnrd Xtf`dkmcmcus Furnus

Afctnrd Gfnom`dkus de`kunzfn

 Rneinrdt ff cdt anrft yfej idrfwft id QX

 Rneinrdt ss ej onejfkfod suprnsd
ff

•
sdstno pnrtfgfefe tuaug


+ C metfodefsd pnrfkftfe QX
+
•
Xfkurfe Rnref`fsfe
+ + +
I Ftfs
+
+ + + + t
.J-
Cuofe anrknadg Cuofe tnrafwf De`ncsd Xfkurfe Rnref`fsfe Afwfg

+
id armecus id

+ +
sfkurf e

pnehnref fe
+
Rrmsns + + + + +
De`ncsd sfkurfe Idkftfsd Rnedejcftfe Ninof fetfrf
pnrfifejf
+ + pnehnreffe t
pno aukug sugu cfpkdnr
ife
e ifrfg

+
fkvnmkd
Fcuoukfsd sn crnt
id + Rnedejcftfe mrf
t
Ncsuift pkfsof Xnpcdodf Drdtfsd ROE
armecus
+ emrofk ifkfo
usus
•+
o fsuc fkvnmkd nrdtrmsdt pnhfg

~
Jfejjufe id`usd
+
Anrsdgfe lfkfe
ef`fs
Oucus
armecus +
Rnedejcftfe
pnrdstf kc
usus
t
if kfo
Rnedejcftfe
ontfamkdson
Ninof pfru

ifc onedejcft pkfsof

n`nc`
+
I
Nvfpmrfsd Rnejnrfsfe
Afu oukut Ofkfa smrars Jfejjufe
onedejcft ideidej pfru
ifc d pnrtucfrfe
snifp jfs
Rneuruefe
hmopkdfehn
Femrncsdf Idfrn
pfru

Detfcn curfej Xupkfd M1

Jfejjufe
oneurue
cnsndoafejfe
hfdrfe ife nkntrmkdt
Eutrdsd curfej
ifrd cnautugfe Jfejjufe pmkf
ef`fs
Gdpnrvnekfsd

Idspenu

Q nt r f c s d
e f ` f s h
i fi f /
u p d e j
gdiuej
 Gdpmcsdf

Ontfamkdson fefnrfma onedejcft

Fcuoukfsd fsfo kfctft

@fjun

Detmknrfesd fcvdtfs
N. YFEIF IFE JNL FKF
Armehgmpenuomedf adfsfeyf idifgukud mkng suftu de`ncsd id sfkurfe
pnref`fsfe afjdfe ftfs snkfof ananrfpf gfrd. Rfif tfgfp fwfk, pneinrdtf
armehgmpenuomedf onejfkfod tfeif ife jnlfkf yfej cgfs snpnrtd onejjdjdk,
inofo, eynrd ifif pknurdtds, aftuc prmiuctd`, gdiuej cnonrfgfe,
sfft anref`fs onejjuefcfe mtmt fcsnsmrdus ife adsf tdoauk sdfemsds.

Ynrinejfr fifeyf crncnks id ftfs pfru yfej sfcdt ife tnrinejfr cntdcf tnrlfid
cmesmkdifsd (pnejdsdfe rmejjf uifrf mkng ncsuift).

Jnlfkf-jnlfkf yfej ifpft idtnoud pfif ckdne snhfrf uouo

fifkfg<

6. Inofo tdejjd ≮
872H
1.
Anrcnrdejft
8. Aftuc yfej fwfkeyf cnrdej onelfid prmiuctd` inejfe sputuo
yfej
purukne adfs anrifrfg
9. Xnsfc ef`fs, rntrfcsd
detnrhmstf
>. Xfcdt
cnpfkf
0. Ouifg onrfsf knkfg/ tfopfc
knofg
:. Eynrd
ifif
7. Cnsukdtfe ofcfe ife odeuo (Ofeuruej,
1224).

@. CMORKDCFXD
Cmopkdcfsd yfej tnrlfid pfif fefc yfej onejfkfod armecmpenuomedf
tnrlfid fcdaft tdifc idkfcucfe pnejmaftfe snhfrf snjnrf. Cmopkdcfsd yfej
cnouejcdefe tnrlfid pfif idfetfrfeyf snafjfd anrdcut<
6. Mtdtds onidf
 Ynrlfid fpfadkf fefc yfej onejfkfod armecmpenomedf tdifc
snjnrf
idmaftd sngdejjf luokfg sputuo onelfid anrknadg ife fcfe ofsuc cn
ifkfo tuaf nustfhd sngdejjf onejgfkfejd ofsuceyf uifrf cn tnkdejf
tnejfg.
1. Armecdnctfsn
 Gfk ded tnrlfid fcdaft armecus onejfkfod cnrusfcfe ife tdoauk `darmsds
lujf tnrifpft pnknafrfe armecus fcdaft tuopucfe efefg.
8. Fasns Rfru
Qmejjf armecus tnrkfku afeyfc hfdrfe fcdaft ifrd de`ncsd afctnrd ifkfo
pfru ‘ pfru.
9. Nopdnof
Fefc yfej onejfkfod armecmpenuomedf, pfru ‘ pfrueyf
onejfkfod
de`ncsd fcdaft afctnrd ofupue vdrus sngdejjf rmejjf pknurfeyf anrdsd
efefg.

J. RNEFYFKFCXFEFFE ONIDX

6. Rneinrdtf inejfe armecmpenuomedf anrft gfrus idrfwft defp

ife idtftfkfcsfef
1. Anrsdgcfe lfkfe ef`fs (dsfp kneidr), mcsdjnefsd yfej fincuft.
8. Hfdrfe yfej hucup adkf pnrku detrf vnef.
9. Idnt YCYR, snkfof ofsdg snsfc ef`fs gftd-gftd ofcfefe pnr mrfk,
knadg afdc ofcfefe knwft smeirn irdp.
>. Adkf fif fsdimsds, cmrncsd inejfe eftrduo adcframeft 6 oNq/cjAA
0. Onidcfonetmsf
f. ^our 5 1 aukfe < cmoadefsd fopdsdkde ife ckmrfopnedcmk
a. ^our ; 1 aukfe < cmoadefsd fopdsdkde ife jnetfodsde
Imsds <

6) Fopdsdkde 622 oj/cjAA/gr

1) Ckmrfopnedcmk 622 oj/cjAA/gr
8) Jnetfodsde > oj/cjAA/gr
h. Rfif cfsus-cfsus inejfe ntdmkmjd stf`dkmcmcus anrdcfe jmkmejfe
maft
tfgfe tnrgfifp A kfctfofsn. Adkf ntdmkmjd odcmpkfsof fetdadmtdc yfej
tnpft fifkfg jmkmejfe ofcrmkdi. Ifpft idanrdcfe maft-maft
uetuc
 oucmsdkdnr ckdrnes (jmkmejfe antf 1 fjmeds ife ftfu tnm`dkde) snhfrf
degfkfsd ftfu pnrmrfk.
:. @dsdmtnrfpd, adkf pnrku uetuc onoanrsdgcfe lfkfe ef`fs.
7. Rnofetfufe <
f. Cnfiffe uouo, tfeif vdtfk
a. Cnouejcdefe jfjfk ef`fs, ckdeds / FJI
h. Ofsucfe hfdrfe / ofcfefe
i. Nknctrmkdt tnrutfof eftrduo ife cfkduo

G. RNONQDCXFFE
RNE^ELFEJ
^etuc ifpft onenjfccfe idfjemsf cnpnrfwftfe ifpft idjuefcfe hfrf <

6. Rnonrdcsffe
Kfamrftmrduo f.
Rnonrdcsffe ifrfg
Rfif cfsus armehgmpenuomedf mkng afctnrd fcfe tnrlfid knucmsdtmsds
(onedejcfteyf luokfg enutrm`dk).

a. Rnonrdcsffe sputuo
Afgfe pnonrdcsffe yfej tnrafdc idpnrmkng ifrd aftuc yfej spmetfe
ife ifkfo. Idjuefcfe uetuc pnonrdcsffe odcrmscmpds ife
uetuc
cuktur snrtf tns snesdtd`dtfs uetuc oneintncsd fjne de`ncsdus

h. Fefkdsf jfs ifrfg uetuc onejnvfkufsd stftus mcsdjnefsd ife

stftus fsfo afsf.

i. Cuktur ifrfg uetuc oneintncsd afctnrnodf

n. Xfopnk ifrfg, sputuo, ife urde uetuc tns douemkmjd uetuc
oneintncsd

fetdjne odcrmaf.
1. Rnonrdcsffe Qfidmkmjd
f. Qmetjnemjrfo Ygmrfcs
Oneueluccfe cmesmkdifsd kmafr yfej snrdejcfkd idluopfd pfif de`ncsd
penuomcmcfk ftfu cknasdnkkf. De`dktrft ouktdpkn snrdejcfkd idluopfd
pfif de`ncsd stf`dkmcmcus ife gfnom`dkus

a. Kfrdejmscmpd/ armecmscmpd uetuc

onenetucfe fpfcfg lfkfe ef`fs tnrsuoaft mkng aneif pfift
D. CMEXNR FX^GFE CNRNQFZFYFE
Oneurut Xntdfwfe (1269) cmesp fsufgfe cnpnrfwftfe armecmpenuomdf pfif
fefc fetfrf kfde<
6.Rnejcfldfe
f) Dinetdtfs.
a) Qdwfyft Cnpnrfwftfe.
(6) Cnkugfe utfof.

Fefc sfejft jnkdsfg, idspenf, pnrefpfsfe hnpft ife ifejcfk, idsnrfd

pnrefpfsfe hupdej gdiupej, snrtf sdfemsds sncdtfr gdiuej ife oukut.
Cfifej idsnrtfd ouetfg ife idfrn.ftfu idfrn, tdelf anrifrfg inejfe
ftfu tfepf kneidr, femrncsdf ife ouetfg.

(1) Qdwfyft pneyfcdt sncfrfej.

Armecmpenuomedf adfsfeyf idifgukud mkng de`ncsd sfkurfe

pnrefpfsfe afjdfe ftfs snkfof ananrfpf gfrd. Xugu tuaug ifpft efdc
m
sfejft oneififc sfopfd 84-92 H ife cfifej idsnrtfd cnlfej cfrnef
inofo yfej tdejjd.

(8) Qdwfyft pneyfcdt ifguku.

Rnrefg oneinrdtf pneyfcdt de`ncsd yfej oneynafacfe sdstno doue

oneurue

(9) Qdwfyft cnsngftfe cnkufrjf.

Fejjmtf cnkufrjf kfde yfej oneinrdtf pneyfcdt de`ncsd

sfkurfe pnrefpfsfe ifpft oneukfrcfe cnpfif fejjmtf cnkufrjf yfej
kfdeeyf.

(>) Qdwfyft cnsngftfe kdejcuejfe.

Oneurut Zdksme ife Ygmopsme, 6442 penuomedf snrdej tnrlfid pfif

ousdo gulfe ife fwfk ousdo snod. Xnkfde dtu pnonkdgfrffe csngftfe
ife cnanrsdgfe kdejcuejfe yfej curfej lujf adsf oneynafacfe fefc
oneinrdtf sfcdt. Kdejcuejfe pfardc ftfu afeyfc fsfp ife
inau ftfupue kdejcuejfe inejfe fejjmtf cnkufrjf pnrmcmc.

(0) Douedsfsd.
 Fefc yfej tdifc oneifpftcfe douedsfsd anrnsdcm tdejjd
uetuc
oneifpft pneyfcdt de`ncsd sfkurfe pnrefpfsfe ftfs ftfu afwfg cfrnef
systno pnrtfgfefe tuaug yfej tdifc hucup cuft uetuc
onkfwfe de`ncsd sncueinr.

(:) Qdwfyft pnrtuoaugfe ife pnrcnoafejfe.

(7) Eutrdsd.

Qdwfyft jdzd auruc ftfu ontnmrdsous (ofkeutrdsd nenrjd prmtnde ?

ONR). h) Rnonrdcsffe @dsdc

Rnonrdcsffe `dsdc gnfi tm tmn pfif fefc inejfe

armecmpenuomedf oneurut Qdyfid (1224) ifkfo Neirde (1269) <

(6) Cnpfkf

anetuc cnpfkf, wfref rfoaut, idstrdausd rfoaut, fif knsd ftfu tdifc,
gyjdnen, fif gnoftmof ftfu tdifc

(1) Oftf

scknrf anrwfref onrfg (fif pnedejcftfe sugu tuaug), cfld

rn`knc hfgfyf, cmeluejtdvf fenods ftfu tdifc pnrjnrfcfe amkf oftf

(8) Ynkdejf
sdontrds ftfu tdifc, cnanrsdgfe , tns pneinejfrfe
(9) Gdiuej

fif pmkdp ftfu tdifc , eynrd tncfe, cnanrsdgfe pnref`fsfe , hupdej

gdiuej , `uejsd pnehduofe

(>) Oukut

wfref adadr, oucmsf adadr knoafa ftfu tdifc, oucmsf adadr cnrdej
(onedejcfteyf sugu tuaug), rn`knc onejdsfp, rn`knc onenkfe

(0) Ifif
Rfru ‘ pfru
 Despncsd < Drfof ef`fs tdifc tnrftur, pnrefpfsfe
ifejcfk,
pnejjueffe

(:) mtmt afetu efpfs

Rfkpfsd < Ydifc fif eynrd tncfe

Rnrcusd < Xmemr

Fuscuktfsd < Xufrf pfru rmehgd

(7) Lfetuej

Despncsd < Ydifc fif pnoansfrfe pfif ifif snankfg

cdrd Rnrcusd < Xufrf lfetuej tnrinejfr rniup

Fuscuktfsd < Efif X6 X1 ife kua iup

(4) Faimone

Despncsd < anetuc, knsd

Rfkpfsd < Xpknemonjfkd, gnpftmonjfkd, eynrd tncfe, eynrd knpfs,

turjmr l.cukdt ;8 intdc

Rnrcusd < Xufrf faimone tdopfed

Fuscuktfsd <Adsdej usus onedejcft (emrofk 9-4x/onedt)

(62) Ncstrnodtfs
Rnrjnrfcfe sneid tnraftfs (eynrd sneid), cnknkfgfe (ofkfdsn), cnknofgfe

, HQY ;1 intdc ife cnkugfe

(66) Jnentfkdf ife feus

Cnknejcfpfe (kfcd-kfcd< pneds, scrmtuo3 pnrnopufe< kfadf odemrf,

kfadf ofymrf, ckdtmrds), `uejsd AFA ife `uejsd AFC

i) Rnonrdcsffe idfjemstdc ife gfsdk.

Xnhfrf kfamrftmrdc idtnoucfe kncmsdtmsds, adfsfeyf 6>.222 - 92.222 / o8

inejfe pnrjnsnrfe cn cdrd. KNI onedejjd. Rnejfoadkfe sncrnt
snhfrf

armehmscmpd ife `uejsd pfru-pfru uetuc prnpfrft kfejsuej3 adfcfe ife tnst
 rnsdstnesd ifpft onenetucfe/onehfrd ntdmkmjdeyf. Yntfpd hfrf ded
tdifc
rutde idkfcucfe cfrnef sucfr. Rfif puecsd odsfkeyf ifpft tnrlfid sfkfg
tusuc ife onofsuccfe cuofe ifrd kufr. @mtm rmetjne (hgnst x
rfy)
idkfcucfe uetuc onkdgft <

f. Cmopkdcfsd snpnrtd nopdnof, ftnknctfsds, pnrdcfridtds, pknurdtds,

ife
MOF.
a. Kufs ifnrfg pfru yfej tnrcnef.
h. Nvfkufsd pnejmaftf
i. Rfif armehgmpenomedf anrhfc-anrhfc de`dktrft idtnoucfe
pfif sfkfg sftu ftfu ananrfpf kmaur.
n. Rfif pnonrdcsffe FAJs idtnoucfe RfM1 ; 2 ooGj.
L. IDFJEMXF
CNRNQFZFYFE
6). Anrsdgfe lfkfe ef`fs tdifc n`nctd` anrguauejfe inejfe spfson
lfkfe ef`fs. (I.2226)
1). Jfejjufe pnrtucfrfe jfs anrguauejfe inejfe
cntdifcsndoafejfe vnetdkfsd-pnr`usd,pnruafgfe onoarfen
fkvnmkus-cfpdknr. (I.2228)
8). In`dsdt eutrdsd anrguauejfe inejfe curfejeyf fsupfe
ofcfefe, cntdifcofopufe onehnref ofcfefe, `fctmr
psdcmkmjds (ods. Xtrnss, cnnejjfefe uetuc ofcfe) (I.2264)
9). Detmknrfesd fctd`dtfs anrguauejfe inejfe cntdifcsndoafejfe
fetfrf supkfd inejfe cnautugfe mcsdjne, cnknofgfe. (I.22>0)

>). Hnofs anrguauejfe inejfe pnrpdsfgfe inejfe mrfej

tuf, kdejcuejfe yfej fsdej, cntdifceyfofefe.

0). Jfejjufe tuoaug cnoafej a.i tnrpdsfg ifrd mrfej

tuf, cntnraftfsfe kdejcuejfe (I.2620)
 RNQNEHFEFFE IFE DEYNQPNEXD CNRNQFZFYFE

Em Idfjemsf Yulufe Ife Crdtnrdf Gfsdk Detnrvnesd

(I.2226) Anrsdgfe lfkfe
6 ef`fs tdifc n`nctd` Xntnkfg idkfcucfe tdeifcfe Ofeflnone
anrguauejfe inejfe cnpnrfwftfe snkfof …W 19 Lfo lfkfe ef`fs
spfson lfkfe ef`fs . idgfrfpcfe lfkfe ef`fs (D.26266)
onedejcft (K.26226) inejfe Masnrvfsd
crdtnrdf gfsdk  Omedtmr
 Aftuc n`nctd` onedejcft
pmkf ef`fs (
 Rrmiucsd sputuo
oneurue `rncunesd,

 Idspemn onoafdc cnifkfofe,

 Xdfemsds onoafdc usfgf
 @rncunesd ef`fs ef`fs)
 Omedtmr
onoafdc
aueyd ef`fs
 Rmkf ef`fs onoafdc
tfoafgfe (
jurjkdej,
onejd,
wgnnzdej,
rmehgd
cnrdej)

 Omedtmr
sputuo
( luokfg,
wfref,
frmof)
Ynrfpnutdc
 Rmsdsdcfe
snod`mwknr
 Anrdcfe
 odeuo
gfejft
 Kfcucfe
pnejdsfpfe
kneidr knadg
curfej 6>
intdc

Niucfsd

 Flfrcfe
aftuc
n`nctd`

Cmkfamrfsd

 Cmkfamrfsd
pnoanrdfe
armecmidkft
mr,
ncspnctmrfe
ife
oucmkdtdc

1 Jfejjufe Xntnkfg idkfcucfe tdeifcfe Rnofetfufe

pnrtucfrfe jfs

anrguauejfe cnpnrfwftfe snkfof …x19 lfo rnspdrfsd

inejfe idgfrfpcfe pnrtucfrfe jfs ( D.26269)

cntdifcsndoafejfe onedejcft ( K.26228) inejfe Masnrvfsd

crdtnrdf gfsdk  Omedtmr
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