Gravitation field Intensity at a point A

( GFI )

Every mass creates its influence around

itself .
Called gravitational field .

masses # Gravitational
field around them .

on
£eie%dforce
anybody placed in it .

F
M > ma
, ←

mi experiences F
'

↳ force exerted on me
fine f- existed

hytddcfmz .

by gravitational field ofay .

(
Gravitation field Intensity at a point A AFI)
the force
is experienced
by unit
a

A.
mass
( Ikf ) placed at

A- → Force = AFI att

•

field in this region is

1kg
other
.

some
being created by body .
A- →
F let F before
•

mkg
experienced by mkf

force on m
Ig is F-

force on 9- Ig is = =
GFI.at
A.
But this is same as '
a cc n
produced
due to
gait on m .

F- ma a =
1% .

mathematically ,
GFI is same as Acdn produced
due to gravity

↳
.

represented by g-
g- =
Em
 Spherical symmetric distribution of mass

µ J \
fs
12
.

F L &

uniform density .
Small spherical i.
:.im
:* .

region has density f empty

-

remaining volume of :&? : Mi .

'
:

has density f.
big sphere thickspherical shed
.

Inner regime's concentric with outer .

f remains same
if we move nitride the

man but remain at same distance

from centre .

f Can
if we
go towards or
vary away
from centre .

Pei romance
lakh d- F)
÷ :&; but f
non-uniform
depends ONI on radial

← distance from center

Spherically Symmetric
.

spherically
A
not
symmetric
.

fz
 Properties of spherical symmetry .

1) Any spherically symmetric distribution

behaves like a point man at its

centre FOR
=
outside this
region

dim .

•m At
any point A outside
12 JA the spheres, they
%
will behave like a

het mortal man .

point man
placed
'
at centre .

• .
-

qmp.ly?.I-m
.

of attraction
.

Force

by
•

: :
.

.
.
.

: on m
spherical

d. of mass
distributions M .

•
m

HIM
→
-

A F=
qi
we can replace same
for both cases .

bodies with a Pittman M .

2) At
any point A distant r

from centre of distribution , the

gravitational field intensity or gravitation
force the
is net
effect of mass

located withinradinrabg .

All mass outside radius r does

not contribute net force
any
at A.

a
Net smriti a-

-
.

-
.
ei
could die to
i
'

i
shaded mass
-

Wi fide sadden v.
does not
mass shown by points
at A
create any net
effect
hence it can be ignored .
 Acdnduehigprity under earth
surface .

1h r=R-h

i:#
É%%•¥ i
at
Fine
A
mm placed

F=
hmyzm-ins.de
F- am
F §ñP
a-
F=hM_mr

-_a¥=aÉÉi÷÷
pf
g=Hm
sin
-

rein
in ÑEn={I-ay=%¥ñ=sf+Éj
fortieth g^= 94-2-7
•

usif CHUTE / +use

 :*
b '

÷
-

Bi
'
.

A
•

• am
e%¥i¥ :
hits
'

•
g =

.
i.
.

mi AA A
i .

a
;⇐iiÉ%¥] Gatos = 0
fate
=

a think
fate

=a:÷¥→
0C
I
=
.
 at
;¥÷==§I:,%=
a

dnr E.ae??-.dF

E.É=fdFGO
ci#-IE----&m.F--AMm-~X
F
of -

by rod
- -

o
-

dnkÉ%¥
-

m
-

on
,

wd= fdESinO=O as
by symmetry
+112
dfsinll components
,

will be balanced .

m
,
I
mm
F-fdt-ano-faem.IE?jI*i-%1eI-gn
net

I
DM
f%÷rpE¥¥+r:

f-M-g.tk
.

É£=o
•
.

IF
TqfdF£nd
-

R axis
-

-
dfhno
÷
=dF.%←¥¥÷⑧m fdttoso
-

i AH df
by
mm

ring
F-

dfsino
,

-
-

for &
-
-

rod
am
n'
-

we
y,
ring have to divide into a
panicles & integrate to
find F.
 FW-anm-fdfb.lt/!IdrM-iEgebyrif
F=¥YFy-zµfdM
i
I F

-j←→m
ammr
F=
¥4312
µ
.

z-←_•mF=hµMIrF→
-

M .

µ
÷¥•mfdÉa×I°
E-
Sdtnloaxis
?⃝
 r
'
(thick
spherical
n
^

-
: "
. .

•
; : shell .

:
'M
' ^
-

- .
<
.

- . i -
^ i
^

,
n
+

•
"
I
, + .

'
I
'

ii. i.
i.
÷ : :
:

.
 Replace by
the M
we can sphere a point man .

→ n' if •ÑL .

"
I

*•^Fm=hIF¥}h
ix=rf3 ,

,
•

Sphere -
F =
hmm KB) Bamm r

¥+85
: ring
BLIER i
F=hMmk
F=

:p
•m ¥2,312 GFI at axis
of n'
y .

gtN=Im= GMI
( x7-Ry3k
.
 ÷i ÷
"

Ijust gonads Dueto

gravity
*
tnesurtaoi of planet it
YEO just oalnftafht will NOT

Aq→v path of vehicle in

go ui straigh
assent
f- planet
- - - -

µ
- -
. - - -
-
-

i÷
line
.

vehicle 9T will go
in aura

Planet A Fan vehicle is

-
too large
(a) .
directed towards Cate ④
Laboutjcoshved ↳ =D as

↳ =
LB about 0 .

mvR= myr .
-

①
 WAT KA =
↳ + KB .

GMI ttgmv-I-GY-mtt.my
-
-

②
-

she ① &④
to find R .
 Fret Ennore Igt
-

=
at

#⇐In
a¥;÷K
a
E- -

¥32

F. =
4÷;m .
 KEPLER’s LAWS

A A

semi-major axis
-72gal
.

A =
.

Y
co , b)

\§lanet
' '
•
op

?
b ""
•
E
•
a••E @ of
• ← - - - -

qj===→ rma±
→*
C- a,g ,
.

Ellipse
a¥+Yp
'
F
:(±aF-b}o)
-

=/
Property .

a. semi major axis

Fang point Ponellipse
-

b : semi -
minor axis .

F, Fz are fociiifdtipte PF
,
+ PFz=2a= constant
for all
.

Firñfhtfohns
, - •

left fours
.

points
.

F, : ,

Planet
rmin 1m¥ →•
I planet
g-
a

qjn
-
-
- -
- -

I. rmintrmax_ 2a .

Za -

Ellipsis
-
axis
major .

louncfa point P so that sum

of distances UP from
two fixed points remains constant .
Law of Arrears
.

.
area ¥
-
=
area swept .

Ss;
'
Let planet go from P to P in time dt .

ri=r and Jf=Ttdr

Jdt
displacement = di =

=rI Fi
by position 7
-

vector
area swept .

F- area of triangle spp

ÑP
'
sit
{ dµ÷§dt
=
✗

% dñ=-zrxFdt#¥P "
a-
s
ratufsweepiy area

sweptsa-areialvehrity-dm.ADA-m-tzixi-1-n.li
area

✗ mñ)

about.sn#dAz=zImabontS--sdI-==com--tan.t
Butt
.
 f-

This
wasinrotah.ME#Fa.k=---mpyI
-

example
m
John ✗
"
"

, = ^^

A- radius of carrots
"

F=A÷÷±¥ n-j.EE ÷¥¥•j¥•FÉ

→
-
-
-
"

%
•

F-
Ema centre offence :S
W=-h¥¥ -

b= ? vz= ?
-

RE hminz We need two equations .

%
"

•
om

←→rF
.

m•¥ F

finite
m

In internal, m

any
✗ 0 about at all
g.
=

dnetof instants .

we can
apply conservation
of Ieabat §
AIB ( one extreme to other extend .

L = conserved about 5-

1) mya =
muzb where ,=¥a
 TE will be conferred .

Kat UA = K
☐
+ NB

Aj•J→÷.IE?--?-:.#.g:-.jb.-. fEs
→
•
-
-
-
"

%
"
Ema cenk ?
=

2)
Innit 1¥ )= Inuit (F)

Solve for v2 and b from above

two egnatims .
 01 .

Misc .

g-

am÷z=m÷ v=¥ F-
qmr3
1- 4- 4Th v3 If r varies
by dr
,
Tan dT= ?
find
⇐ ate
log & differentiate .

2
loft =
log IIM -13 logo
Take differential on both sides .

2¥ )dT 0
+3£ dr
=

dT
→
=
§ D;
% change or fractionalin -1=3 ( corresponding
charge chafe wir
we andilso
0T=
3=05 T .

do CHUTE
woiy if seat ltnx .
min
- @yd←

1=-24%30--4113 É?Fm F. gravity .

l l e fit LF : ext -

agent .

Fe×+=F
y,•¥F÷_F⇐•m
b- balance
heteros e

Fngdisp
.

disp
.

Wbyext -_ OU as there ñnoaciu

thence forces are

balanced
Wf Ui
We#
.

Nocheyeñ KE
-

= .

*÷1→t÷ .
 Approx valve
if g near
surface .

' her
8=8 get ,h
h
.

fr
& =
84
-

zag
used
A "

Cta)
-

in re Hna

if Intel .
 Gravitation Potential at a point A (a. p ) .
.

is the work done in bringing a unit mass

from far away (a) to point A wi the

F.fm#tg&*%21g
gravitational field .

'

rarity
.

-
-
← q
-

A
-

r . -

W = a P
"
.
-

*↳ A
.

r -

.
-
.

D U
' '

I =
-
.

f- HIM ) O
-

= .

m source
-
.
of field pntmlkf.

at A on-field of sphere Gtf

-

G. P = .

field point
Gp . atA ni
of maass# ay ,
 Two masses rotating around each other about their CM

f- = 9min Binary star Y=Rm?¥mi

¥
Cm is at rest
rz=Rm,¥'-m
.
-

R-bpanat.cn "
-

MY,tmzVz=0 .

betm ,gM • %
cmisatrest .

Pri ¥= f
"
uniform
omfg
- -
-
-

circular
'

④ ←0

my T.im " m2

=
motion
1 with common
Y ☒F centre at CM .

Same W -1
↳
, .

but diff . Vandr

v
.

mis
2
=
hm ,mz
= Milf 'nanySt
Bl

* T
Tz
1- ZIV, T=
=
or

4-
solve b- get T=Cñ ☒
GLm.tw#
.

.
f. one ñtemecfr from LIE
& put in
y
F-
,

21T¥
:÷
,