English Grammar – all rules

1. I would rather go to Spain this summer – wolałbym jechać

I would rather not go to Italy
2. I would prefer to spend summer in Poland
I’d prefer not to go abroad.
3. It is time we talked about it now. ( simple past )
It is high time, it is about time
4. You had better stay home. – będzie lepiej jak…
You had better not go there
5. It is a 5 room house, a 50 page book – nie pages or rooms,
6. The more I sleep, the less I eat – im więcej, tym
The przym II …..the przym II
7. You musn’t smoke here, you are not allowed to smoke, you are prohibited from
smoking – nie wolno ci,
8.Having +3 Having watched the film he went to bed. ( weszki- obejrzawszy )
8. Neither Mike nor his parents are tall. – nie ma przeczenia w czas, czas
dostosowuje sie do ostatniego rzeczow ) ani… ani…
Neither Mike’s parents nor he is tall.
9. Both me and Steve are guys. Zarowno/ licz mnoga
10. Not only Jack but also his girlfriend is crazy – nie tylko ale takze , czas
pozytywny, dostosowuje sie do ostat rzecz
11. Have sth +3 mieć cos zrobione I am having my car repaired now. Mam w tej
chwili naprawiany samochód, have w róznych czasach. Have, am having, was
having, had, have had , will have itd
12. I needn’t have done it – needn’t have +3 , niepotrzebnie cos zrobiłem
13. Must have +3 , I must have left it at home, musiałem był to zostawić,
14. Should have +3 , She should have married him, powinna była za niego wyjść
15. May have +3 , możliwe że coś zrobiłem, I may have forgotten
16. Can’t have +3 , He can’t have failed the exam- niemożliwe żeby oblał
17. could have +3 , He could have bought the other one, mógł był kupic ten drugi
18. If only + simple past jesli mówimy o teraź,
+ had +3 jeśli o przeszłości; If only I had known- gdybym tylko o tym wiedział
wczesniej, If only I knew – gdybym wiedział teraz
19. few, a few – do policzalnych
little, a little do niepolicz
a few, a little – pozytywne znaczenie- trochę, sporo, wystarczająco
few, little – negatywne- niewystarczająco, mało
I have little money – mam mało pieniędzy
pieniędzy have a little money – mam trochę pieniędzy , wystarczająco
20. Most of my books are expensive
Most of my hair is gray.

21. None of my neighbours is nice/ are nice – licz poj lub mnoga, czas poyt
Żaden z 3 lub więcej
Neither of my parents is white – licz pojed, żaden z dwóch, nie ma przeczenia
22. Shall we dance? – shell do 1 os , shell we, shell I czy mamy, czy cos zrobimy

23. Walking down the street I saw Mike – zajączki, idąc, acki, co robienie
24. My friend’s car, my friends’ cars wyjątki- people’s, children’s

25. If it rains, I will stay home – po if simple present ( if = jeśli )

I don’t know if I will come- po if will jesli if oznacza czy
26. I would rather this room was bigger ( simple past ) – wolałbym aby ktoś / coś
27. Would you mind + ing, would you mind staying longer? Czy nie masz nic
przeciwko abyś został – to ten ktos robi
Would you mind if I stayed longer – abym ja został – simple past
28. I made him pay me 200$ - zmusiłem, spowodowałem żeby, kazałem – nie ma
“TO”
29. He was made to pay – został zmuszony – str bierna- „to”
30. Every man, woman and kid thinks about the same- kilka rzecz ale czas w licz poj
bo zaczynamy od each lub every
31. Everyone, everybody is here – licz poj
32. I am poor, The poor are getting poorer. The + przym = rzecz
33. ing lub rzecz po przyimkach- prepositions ; he died of flu, he died of drinking too
much; niektóre przyimki: with, of, from, at, on, in, to ….
34. I suggested going there / ing
I suggested that we go / czas w formie podst/ he suggested we be polite
I suggested we should go/ should
35. Phrasal verbs – refer to the page
36. Where is he? – pytanie bezpośrednie- inwersja
I don’t know where he is – pytanie wbudowane- nie ma inwersji.
37. I have enough strength; I am strong enough- enough po przymiotnikach przed
rzeczownikami
38. Negatywne słowka rozpoczynające zdania – inwersja jak w pytaniach;
Never will I come here. Rarely does she visit me, Not only did he lie but also he stole
my virginity, little did I know abort it.
39. I came here to study English and not to talk rubbish. –żeby, żeby nie + czas
He came here in order to stay – ażeby, in order not to – ażeby nie
He came here so that his wife could get a job – ażeby ktoś / coś rzecz
40. I used to live in Canada – miałem zwyczaj coś robić I już tego nie robię
I would stand in front of the shop for hours – nie może byc używane z czas
statycznymi- stay, have, own , be
41. get used to + ing – przyzwyczajac się- I got used to it quickly- get w różnych
czasach
42. to be used to + ing – byc przyzwyczajonym, be w różnych czasach ; I am used
to drinking coffee at 5 am
43. I wish I -zmiana czasów – chcialbym
I wish I had a dog- chcialbym miec psa
 I will tell you
If she comes ( present ) (jesli)
She would be happier ( present or future
If she had a dog ( simp past ) situations )

If he hadn’t lost it last week He would have got that letter ( dotyczy past )
( had + 3 )
I would live there now.
If I had bought that house last week present
Past

Passive Voice

To be + 3

Is / are / am
Is being / are being

Has been / have been

Was /were
Was being/ were being

Had been
Will be
Is going to be
Will have been
Must be
Can be
should be
be supposed to be
have to be
should have been
must have been
People say he is rich - He is said to be rich / It is said that he is rich
They believe he is rich - He is believed to be rich
People say he was rich - He is said to have been rich
Have + 3

Rep Speech

Present – past
Past – had +3
Had +3 – had + 3
Can – could
Could – could
Will – would
May – might
Should – should
Is + ing – was + ing
Was + ing – had been + ing
Has been + ing – had been + ing
Is going to – was going to
Has + 3 – had + 3
Must – had to
Ought to – ought to
Should – should
Today That day
yesterday The day before
tomorrow The next day
now Then
This That
here there
ago before

Come here! He told me to come there

Don’t do it ! He told me not to do it.
Are you late ? He asked me if I was late.
How are you ? He asked me how I was.