CH 10 (Numerical)

1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑝 𝑞
𝑝𝑓
𝑞=
Convex Lens Concave Lense 𝑝−𝑓
𝑞𝑓
𝑝=
Converging Lens Diverging Lens 𝑞−𝑓
f + ve f - ve
E n g r. A L I H A M Z A (a.h.hamza.ali@gmail.com)
1 1 1 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒
= +
𝑓 𝑝 𝑞 𝐻𝑖
𝑀= 1
𝐻𝑜 𝑃=
𝑝𝑓 𝑓
𝑞= 𝑞
𝑝−𝑓 𝑀=
𝑝
𝑞𝑓 𝐵𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ
𝑝=
𝑞−𝑓
𝐻𝑖 𝑞
=
𝐻𝑜 𝑝
1.An object 4cm tall is placed 33.3cm from a thin converging lens.
If the focal length of the lens is 25 cm. where will the image be
formed and what will be the size of the image?
DATA: SOLUTION: For Hi :
Ho = 4 cm For q:
𝑝𝑓 𝐻𝑖 𝑞
𝑞= =
p = 33.3 cm 𝑝−𝑓 𝐻𝑜 𝑝
f = 25 cm
33.3 𝐼 x 25 𝑞 x 𝐻𝑜
𝑞= 𝐻𝑖 =
REQUIRED: 33.3 − 25 𝑝
q=?
832.5 100.3 x 4
𝑞= 𝐻𝑖 =
Hi = ? 8.3 33.3
𝑞 = 100.3 𝑐𝑚
𝐻𝑖 = 12 𝑐𝑚
A convex lens has a focal length of 10 cm. Determine the image
distances when an object is placed at the following distances
from the lens. 50 cm, 20cm, 15 cm, 10 cm, and 5 cm
Find the distance at which an object should be placed in front of a
convex lens of focal length 10 cm to obtain an image of double its
size?
In case of real image: In case of virtual Image:
DATA:
We put q = 2p in eq (i) We put q = -2p in eq (i)
p =?
2𝑝 (10) −2𝑝 10
f = 10 cm 𝑝= 𝑝=
2𝑝 − (10) −2𝑝 − 10
M=2 20𝑝 −20𝑝
𝑝= 𝑝=
SOLUTION: 2𝑝 − 10 −2𝑝 − 10
𝑞 20 𝑝 20𝑝
𝑀= 2𝑝 − 10 = −2𝑝 − 10 = −
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
𝑞
2= 2𝑝 − 10 = 20 −2𝑝 − 10 = −20
𝑝
2𝑝 = 20 + 10 −2𝑝 = −20 + 10
𝑞 =2𝑝
30 10
𝑝= 𝑝=−
𝑞𝑓 2 −2
𝑝= … 𝑒𝑞 𝑖
𝑞−𝑓 𝑝 = 15 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 5 𝑐𝑚
4.Find the distance at which an object should be placed in front of
a convex lens of focal length 20 cm to obtain an image of double
its size?
5.Two converging lenses of focal lengths 40 cm and 50 cm are
placed in contact. What is the focal length of this lens
combination? What is the power of the combination in diopters?
DATA:
2000
f = 40 cm 𝑓 =
1 90
f2 = 50 cm 𝑓 = 22.22 𝑐𝑚
REQUIRED: 𝑓 = 0.2222 𝑚
f=?
p=?
For Power of lense:
SOLUTION:
1
P=
𝑓1 𝑓2 𝑓
𝑓= 1
𝑓1 + 𝑓2
𝑃=
0.2222
𝑓=
40 x 50 P = 4.5 𝐷𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟
40+ 50
6.Two lenses are in contact, a converging one of focal length 30 cm
and a diverging one of focal length 10 cm. what is the focal length
and power of combination?
[2016]
7.A converging lens of 4 diopters is combined with a diverging lens of -2
diopters. Find the power and focal length of the combination?
DATA
P1 = 4 diopters
P2 = -2 diopters
REQUIRED
For f:
P=?
1
𝑓=
f=? 𝑝
1
SOLUTION 𝑓=
2
For p: 𝑓 = 0.5 𝑚
𝐏 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 𝑓 = 50 𝑐𝑚
P = 4 + −2
P=2𝐷
[[[1983]
8.Two thin convex lenses are joined together to from a single combined lens.
The focal length of one of them is 0.154meter. If the focal length of the
combined lens is 0.070meter, find the focal length of the other lens.
1.A magnifying glass of what power should be used to obtain an
image of magnification 6 ?
DATA
M=6
P=?
25
d = 25 cm = cm = 0.25 m
100
SOLUTION:
𝑑
𝑀 = +1
𝑓
0.25 Now for Power:
6= + 1
𝑓
1
0.25 𝑃=
6−1= 0.25
𝑓
𝑓 𝑓=
5 1
0.25 𝑃=
5= 𝑓 = 0.05 𝑚 0.05
𝑓
𝑃 = 20 𝐷
[2010, 2001 , 1993]
2.The magnifying power of a magnifying glass is 6. What is the power of
the lens in dioptres? What is the best position of the object if a watch
maker holds the same magnifying glass close to his eye to see the
damaged spring of a watch?
For power:
∴ 𝑓 = 0.05 𝑚
1
𝑃=
𝑓
𝑃 = 20 𝐷
[2013, 14]
3.A watch-maker uses a magnifying glass of focal length 5cm to see the
damaged spring of a watch. If he holds the glass close to the eye what is the
best position of the object? What is the linear magnification?
𝑀 = 𝑀𝑜 𝑀𝑒
𝑞𝑜 𝑞𝑒
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑀𝑒 =
𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑒
𝑞𝑜 𝑞𝑒
𝑀=
𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑒
𝑝𝑓 𝑝𝑜 𝑓𝑜
𝑞= 𝑞𝑜 =
𝑝−𝑓 𝑝𝑜 − 𝑓𝑜
𝑞𝑓 𝑞𝑜 𝑓𝑜
𝑝= 𝑝𝑜 =
𝑞−𝑓 𝑞𝑜 − 𝑓𝑜
1.A compound microscope has a 12 mm focal length objective 75
mm focal length eye piece and the two lenses are mounted 200 mm
apart if the final image is 225 mm from the eye piece. What is the
magnification produced?
[44]
DATA
𝑞𝑒 𝑓𝑒
fo = 12 mm 𝑝𝑒 = L = 𝑞𝑜 + 𝑝𝑒
𝑞𝑒 −𝑓𝑒
fe = 75 mm 𝑞𝑜 + 56.25
−225 x 75 200 =
L = 200 mm 𝑝𝑒 =
− 225−75
𝑞𝑜 = 200 − 56.25
qe = -225 mm −16875
𝑝𝑒 = 𝑞𝑜 = 143.75 𝑚𝑚
REQUIRED − 300
M=? 𝑝𝑒 = 56.25 𝑚𝑚
SOLUTION
𝑞𝑜 𝑞𝑒
𝑞𝑜 𝑓𝑜 𝑀=
𝑝𝑜 = 𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑒
𝑞𝑜 −𝑓𝑜
143.75 x−225
143.75 x 12
𝑀=
13.09 x 56.25
𝑝𝑜 =
143.75−12
32343.75
1725
𝑀= −
736.31
𝑝𝑜 =
131.75
𝑀 = −43.9
𝑝𝑜 = 13.09 𝑚𝑚
𝑀 = 44
Where negative sign shows that image is inverted
[2008]
2.A compound microscope has an objective of a focal length of 10
mm and a tube 232 mm long. The final image is produced 250mm
from the eye-piece when the object is 10.5mm from the objective.
What is the angular magnification?
[ 227.27 ]
DATA
SOLUTION
fo = 10 mm
𝑝𝑜 𝑓𝑜
𝑞𝑜 = 𝐿 = 𝑞𝑜 + 𝑝𝑒
L = 232 mm 𝑝𝑜 −𝑓𝑜
10.5 x 10
232 = 210 + 𝑝𝑒
qe = -250 mm 𝑞𝑜 =
10.5−10
𝑝𝑒 = 232 − 210
po = 10.5 mm 105
𝑞𝑜 = 𝑝𝑒 = 22 𝑚𝑚
0.5
REQUIRED
𝑞𝑜 = 210 𝑚𝑚
M=?
𝑞𝑜 𝑞𝑒
𝑀=
𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑒
210 x−250
𝑀=
10.5 x 22
−52500
𝑀=
231
𝑀 = −227
𝑀 = 227
[2018]
3.A microscope has an objective of 12 mm focal length and eyepiece
of 25 mm focal length. What is the distance between the lenses?
What is the magnifying power if the object is in sharp focus when it is
15 mm from the objective?
[ 82.7 mm , 44 ]
[2006]
4.A compound microscope has an objective of a focal length of 10 mm and a
tube 100 mm long. An image is produced at 250 mm from the eyepiece when
the object is 12 mm from the objective. What is the angular magnification?
[31.25]
DATA
fo = 10 mm SOLUTION
L = 100 mm 𝑝𝑜 𝑓𝑜
𝑞𝑜 = 𝐿 = 𝑞𝑜 + 𝑝𝑒
𝑝𝑜 −𝑓𝑜
qe = -250 mm
12 x 10 100 = 60 + 𝑝𝑒
𝑞𝑜 =
po = 12 mm 12−10
𝑝𝑒 = 40 𝑚𝑚
120
REQUIRED 𝑞𝑜 =
2
M=? 𝑞𝑜 = 60 𝑚𝑚
𝑞𝑜 𝑞𝑒
𝑀=
𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑒
60 x−250
𝑀=
12 x 40
−15000
𝑀=
480
𝑀 = −31.25
𝑀 = 31.25
[2003]
5.A compound microscope has an objective and an eye-piece of focal length 1 cm
and 5 cm respectively. The object is located at a distance of 1.05 cm close from the
objective and forms an image 4.17 cm close to the eye-piece; find the separation of
the lenses and the magnifying power of the microscope. (d = 25 cm)
DATA
fo = 1 cm SOLUTION
fe = 5 cm 𝑝𝑜 𝑓𝑜 𝑝𝑒 𝑓𝑒
𝑞𝑜 = 𝑞𝑒 =
𝑝𝑜 −𝑓𝑜 𝑝𝑒 −𝑓𝑒
po = 1.05 cm
1.05 x 1 4.17 x 5
𝑞𝑜 = 𝑞𝑒 =
1.05−1 4.17−5
pe = 4.17 cm
REQUIRED 1.05
𝑞𝑒 =
20.85
𝑞𝑜 = −0.83
0.05
L=?
M=? 𝑞𝑜 = 21 𝑐𝑚 𝑞𝑒 = −25.1 𝑐𝑚
𝑞𝑜 𝑞𝑒
𝑀=
𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑒 𝐿 = 𝑞𝑜 + 𝑝𝑒
21 x−25.1
𝑀= 𝐿 = 21 + 4.17
1.05 x 4.17
−527.1 𝐿 = 25.17 𝑐𝑚
𝑀=
4.378
𝑀 = −120.4 𝑐𝑚
𝑀 = 120.4 𝑐𝑚
[1996]
6.In a compound microscope, the focal length of the objective and the eye-
piece are 0.5 cm and 2.5 cm respectively. The real image formed by the
objective is 16 cm from it. Determine the magnifying power of the
microscope if the eye is held close to the eye-piece and the image is formed
at 25 cm from the eye-piece.
DATA SOLUTION
fo = 0.5 cm 𝑞𝑜 𝑓𝑜 𝑞𝑒 𝑓𝑒
𝑝𝑜 = 𝑝𝑒 =
𝑞𝑜 −𝑓𝑜 𝑞𝑒 −𝑓𝑒
fe = 2.5 cm
16 x 0.5 −25 x 2.5
qo = 16 cm 𝑝𝑜 = 𝑝𝑒 =
16−0.5 −25−2.5
qe = -25 cm 8 −62.5
𝑝𝑜 = 𝑝𝑒 =
15.5 −27.5
REQUIRED
𝑝𝑜 = 0.516 𝑐𝑚 𝑝𝑒 = 2.27 𝑐𝑚
M=?
𝑞𝑜 𝑞𝑒
𝑀=
𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑒
−25 x 16
𝑀=
0.516 x 2.27
−400
𝑀=
1.1732
𝑀 = −341.5
𝑀 = 341.5
[1994]
7.The length of a compound microscope is 30 cm. the focal length of the
objective is 0.25 cm and that of the eye-piece is 10 cm. Calculate its
magnifying power if the final image is formed at a distance of 250 mm
from the eye-piece. [320]
DATA
SOLUTION
L = 30 cm
𝑞𝑒 𝑓𝑒
𝑝𝑒 =
𝑞𝑒 −𝑓𝑒
fo = 0.25 cm
250 −25 x 10
fe = 10 cm = − = -25 cm 𝑝𝑒 =
10 −25−10
qe = -250 mm −250
𝑝𝑒 =
−35
M=?
𝑝𝑒 = 7.14 𝑐𝑚
𝑞𝑜 𝑞𝑒
𝐿 = 𝑞𝑜 + 𝑝𝑒 𝑀=
𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑒
30 = 𝑞𝑜 + 7.14 22.86 x−25

𝑀=
0.2527 x 7.14
30 − 7.14 = 𝑞𝑜
−571.5
𝑀=
𝑞𝑜 = 22.86 𝑐𝑚 1.8
𝑀 = −317.5
𝑝𝑜 =
𝑞𝑜 𝑓𝑜 𝑀 = 317.5
𝑞𝑜 −𝑓𝑜
Where negative sign shows that image
22.86 x 0.25
𝑝𝑜 =
22.86−0.25 is inverted
5.715
𝑝𝑜 =
22.61
𝑝𝑜 = 0.2527 𝑐𝑚
[1991]
8.The magnifying power of a microscope is 30 and the magnifying
power of the objective is 10; find the magnifying power of the
eyepiece. [3]
DATA SOLUTION
M = 30 𝑀 = 𝑀𝑜 . 𝑀𝑒
Mo = 10 30 = 10 𝑀𝑒
Me = ? 30
𝑀𝑒 =
10
𝑀𝑒 = 3
[1989]
9.The focal lengths of the objective and the eye-piece of a microscope are
2.0 cm and 5.0 cm respectively. The image of a certain object in formed at a
distance of 15.84 cm from the objective. The microscope is so adjusted that
the final image is formed at 25.0 cm from the eye. Calculate the magnifying
power of the microscope. [41.75]
DATA
SOLUTION 𝑞𝑜 𝑓𝑜
fo = 2.0 cm 𝑝𝑜 =
𝑞𝑒 𝑓𝑒 𝑞𝑜 − 𝑓𝑜
𝑝𝑒 =
fe = 5.0 cm 𝑞𝑒 −𝑓𝑒 15.84 x 2
𝑝𝑜 =
−25 x 5 15.84−2
qo = 15.84 cm 𝑝𝑒 = −25−5 31.68
qe = -25 cm 𝑝𝑜 =
−125 13.84
𝑝𝑒 =
M=? −30 𝑝𝑜 = 2.289 𝑐𝑚
𝑝𝑒 = 4.16 𝑐𝑚
𝑞𝑜 𝑞𝑒
𝑀= 𝑝𝑜 𝑝𝑒
15.84 x−25
𝑀= 2.289 x 4.16
−396
𝑀= 4.52
𝑀 = −41.5
𝑀 = 41.5
Where negative sign shows that image is

inverted
1.A converging lens of focal length 20 cm is placed infront of a
converging lens of focal length 4 cm. What is the distance between
the lenses if parallel rays entering the first lens leave the second
lens as parallel rays? [ 24 cm ]
DATA
f1 = 20 cm
f2 = 4 cm
L=?
SOLUTION
𝐿 = 𝑓1 + 𝑓2
𝐿 = 20 + 4
𝐿 = 24 𝑐𝑚
2.A parallel light beam is diverged by a concave lens of focal
length 12.5 cm and then made parallel once more by convex lens
of focal length 50 cm. How far are the two lenses apart.
[ 37.5 cm ]
DATA
f1 = -12.5 cm
f2 = 50 cm
L=?
SOLUTION
𝐿 = 𝑓1 + 𝑓2
𝐿 = −12.5 + 50
𝐿 = 37.5 𝑐𝑚
3.Moon light passes through a converging lens of focal length 19
cm, which is 20.5 cm from a second converging lens of focal
length 2 cm. Where is the image of the moon produced by the
lens combination?
𝑝𝑒 𝑓𝑒
DATA SOLUTION 𝑞𝑒 =
𝑝𝑒 −𝑓𝑒
fo = qo = 19 cm 𝐿 = 𝑞𝑜 + 𝑝𝑒
1.5 x 2
𝑞𝑒 =
1.5 −2
L = 20.5 cm 20.5 = 19 + 𝑝𝑒
3
20.5 − 19 = 𝑝𝑒 𝑞𝑒 =
fe = 2 cm −0.5
qe = ? 𝑝𝑒 = 1.5 𝑐𝑚 𝑞𝑒 = −6 𝑐𝑚
𝑞𝑒 = 6 𝑐𝑚
negative sign shows that image is virtual
• Final image is 6 cm behind eye piece
• And 14.5 cm in front of objective
4.An astronomical telescope of angular magnification 1000 has
objective of 15 m focal length. What is the focal length of the eye
piece? [ 15 mm ]
DATA
M = 1000
fo = 15 m
fe = ?
SOLUTION
𝑓𝑜
𝑀=
𝑓𝑒
𝑓𝑒 = 0.015𝑚
15
1000 = 𝑓𝑒 = 0.015 𝑚 x 1000 mm
𝑓𝑒
15 𝑓𝑒 = 15𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑒 =
1000
[2007]
5.If the magnification of a telescope is 11 and its length is 120 cm,
determine the focal lengths of its objective and eye-piece when
the telescope is focused for infinity.
DATA [ 10 cm, 110 cm ]
M = 11
L = 120 cm
fo = ?
fe = ?
SOLUTION 𝐿 = 𝑓𝑜 + 𝑓𝑒 Put in eq (i)
𝑓𝑜 120 = 11𝑓𝑒 + 𝑓𝑒 𝑓𝑜 = 11𝑓𝑒
𝑀=
𝑓𝑒 120
𝑓𝑒 = 𝑓𝑜 = 11 x 10
𝑓𝑜 12
11 = 𝑓𝑜 = 110 𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑒 𝑓𝑒 = 10 𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑜 = 11𝑓𝑒 … … … 𝑒𝑞 𝑖)
[2007]
6.An astronomical telescope having angular magnification 5 consist
of two thin lenses 24 cm apart. Find the power of its lenses.
DATA [ 5 D, 25 D]
24 6
L = 24 cm = = 0.24 m 𝐿 = 𝑓𝑜 + 𝑓𝑒 5𝑃𝑜 =
100 0.24
M=5
𝐿=
1
+
1 5𝑃𝑜 = 25
Po = ? 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒
25
Pe = ? 𝑃𝑒 + 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑜 =
𝐿= 5
𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒
SOLUTION 5𝑃𝑜 + 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑜 = 5 D
0.24 =
𝑃𝑒 𝑃𝑜 x 5𝑃𝑜
𝑀=
𝑃𝑜 Put in eq (i)
𝑃𝑒 6 𝑃𝑜
5= 0.24 =
5𝑃𝑜 2
𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒 = 5 5
𝑃𝑒 = 5 𝑃𝑜 𝑒𝑞 (𝑖) 0.24 x 5𝑃𝑜 = 7 𝑃𝑒 = 25 𝐷
[2018,2012]
7.An astronomical telescope has a length of 105cm, and in
magnification is 6. Determine the power of objective and eye piece.
DATA
7
105 𝐿 = 𝑓𝑜 + 𝑓𝑒 6𝑃𝑜 =
L = 105 cm = = 1.05 m 1.05
100
M=6
𝐿=
1
+
1 6𝑃𝑜 = 6.666
Po = ? 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒
6.666
Pe = ? 𝑃𝑒 + 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑜 =
6
𝐿=
𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒
SOLUTION 6𝑃𝑜 + 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑜 = 1.11 D
1.05 =
𝑃𝑒 𝑃𝑜 x 6𝑃𝑜
𝑀=
𝑃𝑜 Put in eq (i)
𝑃𝑒 7 𝑃𝑜
6= 1.05 =
6𝑃𝑜 2
𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒 = 6 1.11
𝑃𝑒 = 6 𝑃𝑜 𝑒𝑞 (𝑖) 1.05 x 6𝑃𝑜 = 7 𝑃𝑒 = 6.66 𝐷
[2005]
8.The convex lenses of power 2 dioptres and 10 dioptres are used as an
objective and an eye-piece of a telescope: find the magnifying power and
the length of the telescope when focused for infinity.
[ 5, 0.6 m ]
DATA SOLUTION
Po = 2 D 𝑃𝑒 𝐿 = 𝑓𝑜 + 𝑓𝑒 𝐿=
10 + 2
𝑀= 10 x 2
𝑃𝑜
Pe = 10 D 1 1
10
𝐿= + 12
𝑀=
𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒 𝐿=
20
M=? 2
𝑃𝑒 + 𝑃𝑜
𝑀=5 𝐿= 𝐿 = 0.6 𝑚
L=? 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒
[2002]
9. A telescope has the objective and the eyepiece lenses of power
2.0 and 20.0diopters respectively. What is the magnifying power
and the length of the telescope if it is focused for infinity?
[ 10, 0.55 m ]
DATA SOLUTION
Po = 2 D 𝑃𝑒 𝐿 = 𝑓𝑜 + 𝑓𝑒 𝐿=
20 + 2
𝑀= 20 x 2
𝑃𝑜
Pe = 20 D 1 1
20
𝐿= + 22
𝑀=
𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒 𝐿=
40
M=? 2
𝑃𝑒 + 𝑃𝑜
𝑀 = 10 𝐿= 𝐿 = 0.55 𝑚
L=? 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒
[1990]
10.What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescope having 1
dioptres objective and a 20 dioptres eye-piece? Also find the length of the
telescope.
[ 20, 1.05 m ]
DATA SOLUTION
Pe = 20 D 𝑃𝑒 20 + 1
𝑀= 𝐿 = 𝑓𝑜 + 𝑓𝑒 𝐿=
𝑃𝑜 20x1
Po = 1 D
1 1
20 𝐿= + 𝐿=
21
M=? 𝑀= 𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒
20
1
𝑃𝑒 + 𝑃𝑜 𝐿 = 1.05 𝑚
L=? 𝑀 = 20 𝐿=
𝑃𝑜 𝑃𝑒

CH 10 (Numerical)

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CH 10 (Numerical)

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30 = 𝑞𝑜 + 7.14 22.86 x−25

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