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ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ .ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ.
ﻋﻠﻰﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ "ﻟﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺔ ﺯﺭﻗﺎء" ﺃﻭ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ
ﻭﻧﻘﻮﻝ"ﻟﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺔ ﺯﺭﻗﺎء" .ﻧﻀﻊ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻔﻪ.
ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ )ﻣﺤﺬﻭﻑ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً( ،ﻭﻓﻌﻞ ،ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ -
ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ.
ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ
ﻻﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ. -
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ.
ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ
ﻣﻬﻤﺎ. -
ﺃﻱّ/ﺍﻟﺬﻱ -ﺍﻟﺘﻲ
ﺿﻤﺎﺉﺮﺃﺧﺮﻯ
ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ
ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ).ﻣﻦَ( -
-ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺉﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ
ﻫﻨﺎﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ /ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ).ﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ.ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎﻫﻮ
ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ(.
ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮﻫﺪﻑﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ
ﻫﻮﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ،ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ .ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻑﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ +ﻓﻌﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ .ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ،ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ،ﻻ
ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺣﺬﻑ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ )"ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﺖ"( .ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻷﻥ "ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ" ﻫﻲ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "ﺃﺣﺐ".
ﻻﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ
ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ
ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ:
ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﺩﺍﺉﻤﺎً ﺿﻤﻴﺮﺍً ﺃﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﺎً ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻟﺒﺪء ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓّﺔ:ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔﻭ
ﺃﻱّﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﻦﻭﻣﺘﻰﺃﻭﺃﻳﻦ)ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻﺍﻟﺬﻱ -ﺍﻟﺘﻲ( .ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ
ﺑﻘﻴﺔﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ.
ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
ﺳﻨﺘﺮﺑﺎﺭﻙ ،ﺃﻱّﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺤﺐ ،ﺩﺍﺉﻤﺎً ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻻً ﺣﻘﺎً ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ .ﺷﻬﺮ
ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ،ﺃﻱّﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﻟﺪﻱ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ 29ﻳﻮﻣﺎً ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ.
ﻓﻲﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ،ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﺟﺪﺍً ﻭﻟﻜﻦ
ﻟﻬﺎﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
ﻗﺎﺭﻥ
ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺤﺪﺩ
ﻟﺪﻳﻪﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺥ .ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻟﺪﻳﻪﺃﺥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ
ﻳﻌﻤﻞﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺖ. ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺖ.
ﻗﺎﺭﻥ
ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ:
ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎﺍﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﺍﻟﺬﻱ -ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺑﺪﻻ ًﻣﻦﻣﻦ ﻭﻣﻦﺃﻭﺃﻱّﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ
ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ:
ﻟﻴﺲ:ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﺍً ،ﺗﻌﻄﻠﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﻂ