Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
Division of City Schools
City of San Jose del Monte
SAPANGPALAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

I. OBJECTIVES
The learner demonstrates an understanding of key
A. Content Standards concepts of tests of hypotheses on the population mean
and population proportion.
The learner is able to perform appropriate tests of
B. Performance Standards hypotheses involving the population mean and population
proportion to make inferences in real-life problems in
different disciplines.
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. identify the notation to be used in formulating
C. Learning Competencies/Objectives
hypotheses;
3. differentiate null and alternative hypotheses; and
4. formulate null and alternative hypotheses.
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher's Guide pages -
2. Learner's Materials pages -
Senior High Conceptual Math and Beyond: Statistics and
3. Textbook pages Probability by Jose M. Ocampo
and Wilmer G. Marquez, Pp. 172-179
4. Additional Materials from
Learning Resource (LR) portal
B. Other Learning Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
Preparatory Activities:

Good morning class Good morning, sir.

Let us check the attendance first. Are there absents Answers may vary
from the class?

So, before we continue with today’s lesson, let us

have this activity.
Motivation/Review

For our first activity, I want you to look at the

pictures and state your assumption about the
possible results.
a. b. c. a. The skin may get smoother
The skin may get rough due to irritation
b. The plants may become taller and healthier
The plants may not become taller and healthier
c. The child will gain weight
The child will not gain weight

In connection to today's lesson, in statistics, an At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
assumption or proposed explanation were also used 1. identify the notation to be used in formulating
through hypothesis. hypotheses.;
But before we continue, let us read today’s 2. differentiate null and alternative hypotheses; and
objectives. 3. formulate null and alternative hypotheses.
Any volunteer?
Lesson Proper
What is a statistical hypothesis?
A statistical hypothesis is a statement about the
numerical value of a population. It is a statement or
tentative assertion which aims to explain facts about
a certain phenomenon. There are two kinds of
hypotheses: the null and alternative hypothesis. Here
are the differences between the two.
Please read. Yes ______________.
Null Hypothesis (𝑯𝒐) Alternative
Hypothesis (𝑯𝒂)
-Is a statement that - Is the opposite or
there is no difference negation of the
between the alternative The student reads the presented comparison of the null
and alternative hypotheses.
parameter and hypothesis
specific value. - It is a statement that
- includes an equality there exists a
= is equal to ≠ is not equal to
symbol (usually =, ≥ difference between a is the same as is not the same
or ≤). parameter and a is the same as is different from
specific value. has not changed from has changed from
- Includes less than,
greater than, or not > is increased < is decreased
equals symbols, (≠, is greater than is less than
>, or <). is higher than is lower than
is above is below
is bigger than is smaller than
is longer than is decreased or reduced
Who among you knows the other word translation is more than from
for these symbols? Any volunteer? Yes________. is not more than
≥ is at least ≤ is at most
is not less than is not more than
is greater than or equal is less than or equal to
to
Let us take an example from your previous activity.
Claim: The plant with fertilizer is taller than the
plant without fertilizer.

In the given statement, it tells that the plant with

fertilizer is “taller than” the other. The word taller is
“>” in the symbol. Thus, it is considered the
alternative hypothesis. To write the null
hypothesis you may use the phrase, is as tall as to
express equality (=) or is not taller than (≤)

Ho: The plant with fertilizer is as tall as than plant

without fertilizer,
or
the plant with fertilizer is not taller than the plant
without fertilizer.

Ha: The plant with fertilizer is taller than the plant

without fertilizer. (claim)

To formulate the null and alternative hypotheses

correctly, do the following steps:

The null and alternative hypotheses can be expressed

in 3 different ways.

Let us take these examples

1. Claim: The average height of all Grade 12

learners is 165cm.

Solution: The parameter is the average height of all

Grade 12 learners. Since it is the population mean,
use the notation 𝝁. The claim is that the average
height is 165 cm which translates to 𝝁=165 and is
considered the null hypothesis. Now write the
alternative hypothesis. Since the null states that the
average height of all Grade 12 learners is 169 cm,
the alternative hypothesis is 𝑯𝒂: The average height
of all Grade 12 learners is not 169 cm./ 𝑯𝒂: 𝝁 ≠
𝟏𝟔𝟗
𝑯𝒐: The average height of all Grade 12 learners is
169 cm. / 𝑯𝑶:𝝁 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗
(claim)

𝑯𝒂: The average height of all Grade 12 learners is

not 169 cm./ 𝑯𝒂: 𝝁 ≠ 𝟏𝟔𝟗

2. Claim: The average price per square meter of

a residential lot in an exclusive subdivision is
above ₱15,000.

Solution: In this statement, the parameter is the

average price per square meter of a residential lot. µ
should be used since we are talking about all
residential lot in the subdivision. The claim above
₱15,000 can be written as µ > ₱15,000 and greater
than the alternative hypothesis, 𝑯𝒂: 𝝁 >₱𝟏𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎.
Since you have already formulated the alternative,
the null hypothesis will be 𝑯𝒐: 𝝁 ≤ ₱𝟏𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 as a
complement of >. You can also write your null
hypothesis as 𝑯𝒐: 𝝁 = ₱𝟏𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎.

𝑯𝒐: The average price per square meter of a

residential lot in an exclusive subdivision is at most
₱15,000. /𝝁 ≤ ₱𝟏𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
or The average price per square meter of a
residential lot in an exclusive subdivision is equal to
₱15,000. /𝝁 = ₱𝟏𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑯𝒂: The average price per square meter of a

residential lot in an exclusive subdivision is above
₱15,000. /𝝁 > ₱𝟏𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 (claim)

Practice Exercise:
(Work by pair)
Directions: Formulate the null hypothesis and
alternative hypothesis for each given situation.
1. Mrs. Dela Cruz claims that her students obtained
an average of 91 in their Mathematics examination.
The subject head wants to know whether the
teacher’s claim is acceptable or not.
2. A car manufacturer claims that the mean selling
price of all cars manufactured is only ₱150,000. A
consumer agency wants to test whether the mean
selling price of all the cars manufactured exceeds
₱150, 000.
3. A manufacturer of soft drinks claims that all
1. Ho: The students of Mrs. Dela Cruz obtained an
average of 91 in their Mathematics examination.
𝝁 =91
Ha: The students of Mrs. Dela Cruz did not obtain
an average of 91 in their Mathematics
examination.
𝝁 ≠ 91
2. Ho: The mean selling price of all cars
manufactured is ₱150,000. 𝝁 =₱150,000
Ha: The mean selling price of all cars
manufactured is higher than ₱150,000.
𝝁 >₱150,000
3. Ho: all labeled 1.5-liter bottles contain an average
of 1.49 liters. 𝝁 ≠1.49
labeled 1.5-liter bottles contain an average of 1.49 Ha: all labeled 1.5-liter bottles contain an average
liters of soft drinks. A retailer wishes to test whether of 1.49 liters. 𝝁<1.49
the mean number of soft drinks in labeled 1.5-liter
bottles is less than 1.49 liters.

Integration:
Did you know that formulating hypotheses is also
used in other subjects?

In science, for instance, every time an experiment is

to be done, the hypothesis must be formulated in
order to determine whether the presumption is
correct.

In quantitative research, researchers also need to

formulate a hypothesis if their topic includes the
relationship of variables.

Can you give me another application for formulating

Answers may vary
a hypothesis aside from what I have mentioned?
Generalization I know how to formulate a null and alternative hypothesis
Complete the following statements. First, Identify the parameter in a given problem.
I know how to… Second, Identify the claim to be tested that may show up
First, … in null or alternative hypothesis.
Second, … In addition, translate the claim into mathematical
In addition, … symbols/notations.
Finally, … Finally, formulate first the null hypothesis (𝐻𝑜) the
Now, you know that I know how to … alternative hypothesis (𝐻𝑎) based on any of the three
different ways
Now, you know that I know how to formulate a null and
alternative hypothesis
Assessment
Directions: Write the null hypothesis and alternative
hypothesis in notations for each given situation.
1. The average price of a certain type of car is
greater than ₱600,000.
𝐻𝑜: _________________ 𝐻𝑎: _________________
2. A research organization reports that the mean of
adult grocery shoppers who never buy the store
brand in Metro Manila is 300.
𝐻𝑜: _________________ 𝐻𝑎: _________________
3. A study claims that the mean survival period for
certain cancer patients treated immediately with
chemotherapy and radiation is 24 months.
𝐻𝑜: _________________ 𝐻𝑎: _________________
4. The average pre-school cost for tuition fees last
year was ₱ 15,500. The following year, 20 schools
had a mean of ₱ 13, 100 and a standard deviation of
₱ 2,500.
𝐻𝑜: _________________ 𝐻𝑎: _________________
5. A magazine reports that a typical shopper spends
less than 10 minutes in line waiting to check out. A
sample of 30 shoppers at the DM Supermarket
showed a mean of 9.5 minutes with a standard
deviation of 2.7 minutes.
𝐻𝑜: ________________ 𝐻𝑎: __________________
Assignment
Read and study the following:
1. Types of test
2. Types of error
3. Testing the hypothesis
V. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who earned 80% in
the evaluation (No. of learners/Total
number of learners present)

Prepared by:

NATHANIEL C. TOLENTINO