FORMAL CLASSROOM

OBSERVATION (FCO)
Detailed Lesson Plan

Teacher’s name: Abegail Q. Panang

I-OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learner …
1. Illustrates:
a. null hypothesis
b. alternative hypothesis and
c. types of errors in hypothesis testing. M11/12SP-IVa-1
II- SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Hypothesis Testing
B. Refences:
Statistics and Probability (DIWA Textbook)
Internet
C. Teaching aid: Visual aids
Cartolina
Pilot pen
D. Multimedia: Power point presentation
III – PROCEDURE
Integrated with MAPEH, English and Filipino
Teacher’s activity Student’s activity

A. Preparation

 Prayer
Everybody please rise for our prayer.

Good morning class. Good morning ma’am.

Please take your seats. Thank you ma’am .

 Checking of Attendance
Class, who are absent today?
Very good None ma’am.

 Checking of Assignment

Do you have any assignment, class? None ma’am.

 Review
Indicator No. 3: Applied a range of teaching strategies
to develop critical and creative thinking, as well as other
higher order thinking skills.
As a sort of recap, who can recall our topic last Our topic last meeting was Finding the Mean
meeting? and Variance of the Sampling Distribution of
Means.

Alright, what are the 7 steps and who can

enumerate? The 7 steps in finding the mean and variance of
the sampling distribution of means are:
1. Compute the mean of the population.
 2. Compute the variance of the population.
3. Determine the number of possible
samples of size n.
4. List all possible samples and their
corresponding means.
5. Construct the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
6. Compute the mean of the sampling
distribution of the sample means.
7. Compute the variance of the sampling
Very good students! distribution of the sample means.

B. Motivation
Indicator No. 3: Applied a range of teaching strategies
to develop critical and creative thinking, as well as other
higher order thinking skills.
Before we proceed further, please go with your
group and you will going to identify what the
pictures all about.
Yes Aha!
Are you ready?

Okay let’s start.

First Picture

The man is guessing.

Second Picture

The old man is making an inference.

Third Picture

The statement shows superiority.

The statement expresses generalization.
Fourth Picture

The picture shows arriving at a particular theory.

Fifth Picture

The man is trying to bump his car to test

whether it’s indestructible or not.

Lesson Proper

C. Presentation
The activity we did earlier has a deeper connection
on our topic for today.

Our topic this morning is all about Hypothesis

Testing.

Before we proceed to our formal discussion, will all

of you read our objectives. (students read the objectives)

At the end of the lesson, the learner …
Illustrates:
a. null hypothesis
b. alternative hypothesis and
c. types of errors in hypothesis
testing.
At the end of the lesson, the learner …
Illustrates:
a. null hypothesis
b. alternative hypothesis and
c. types of errors in hypothesis
testing.

Okay, very good.

Now, let us define first the following words that we

will encounter in our lesson this morning.

Indicator No. 2: Used a range of teaching strategies that

enhance learner achievement in literacy and numeracy
skills.
Alright! Kindly read the definition of terms. Definition of Terms:

1. Hypothesis -a guess,theory, inference or

generalization

2. Statistical hypothesis - reasonable

expectations (based on factual information) of
the researcher regarding the possible outcome
 of his study.

3. Hypothesis testing - process of making a

generalization on a population based on the
results of the samples.
Are there any questions and clarifications class
regarding to our definition of terms?

Very Good. None ma’am.

D. Discussion
Indicator No. 3: Applied a range of teaching strategies
to develop critical and creative thinking, as well as other
higher order thinking skills.

Let us start our discussion.

Are you ready students?

Yes Aha!

TWO TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS:

1. Null Hypothesis (Ho)

The hypothesis to be tested and the researcher

hopes to reject.

Shows equality, no significant difference, no

significant relationships or no effects.

The null hypothesis is a statement that asserts the

value to which the population parameter is equal
and is presumed to be true.

2. Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

Represents the idea which the researcher wants to

prove.

Shows difference between groups (e.g. one is

superior or inferior to the other).

 greater than, higher than, better than,

superior to, exceeds ,etc.

 smaller than, lower to, below, inferior to, etc.

.
The alternative hypothesis is a statement that
negates the null hypothesis.

HOTS QUESTION- CAN WE ALWAYS BE RIGHT

IN OUR DECISIONS? ( students answered randomly )

STATISTICAL ERRORS IN HYPOTHESIS

TESTING:

1. Type I - also known as false positive.

Committed if the null hypothesis is rejected when

in fact it is true.

2. Type II - also known as false negative.

Committed if the null hypothesis is accepted or

failed to reject when in fact it is false.

NULL HYPOTHESIS IS TRUE

Fail to reject/accept – Correct decision

Reject - Type I error

NULL HYPOTHESIS IS FALSE

Fail to reject/accept – Type II error

Reject - Correct decision

HOTS QUESTION- IF EVER YOU’VE

COMMITTED ERROR, WHICH DO YO PREFER, ( students answered randomly )
TYPE I OR TYPE II ERROR? WHY?

In hypothesis testing, you only fail to reject the null

hypothesis that is actually true and reject the null
hypothesis that is actually false. Rejecting a true
null hypothesis leads to type I error and failing to
reject a false null hypothesis leads to type II error.

Is there any question? None ma’am.

Let me show you a 3 minute video for you to

understand further our topic. (video presentation)

What can you say about the video presentation?

Class, any question regarding the video? None ma’am.

E. Application
Indicator No.1: Applied knowledge of content within
and across curriculum teaching area.

Indicator No.4: Managed classroom structure to engage

learners individually or in groups in meaningful
exploration, discovery and hands-on activities within a
range of physical learning environment.

Indicator No.5: Managed learner behavior

constructively by applying positive and non-violent
discipline to ensure learning focused environment.

Indicator No.6: Used differentiated developmentally

appropriate learning experiences to address learners’
gender, needs, strengths, interests, and experiences.
Indicator No.7: Planned, managed, and implemented
developmentally sequenced teaching and learning
processes to meet curriculum requirements and varied
teaching contexts.

At this moment, each group will be given

questions to be answered and prepared for a
maximum time of 7 minutes.

Questions
1. What is the difference between an
assumption and a hypothesis?
2. What is the importance of hypothesis testing
in the field of research?
3. When do you reject a null hypothesis?
4. When do you accept an alternative
hypothesis?
5. Differentiate null hypothesis and alternative
hypothesis and provide examples.

Presentation of answers

Group 1 - Song
Group 2 – Sabayang Pagbigkas
Group 3 - Jingle/Yell
Group 4 – Talk Show
Group 5 – Radio Broadcasting

Your work will be rated according to this rubric.

Are you ready?

Your time starts now!

(The teachers supervised the work of the student’s

activity based on the rubrics.)

Okay, you may have only ___ minutes left to do

your task 10, 9, 8
Hands up
Go back to your proper seats.

Are you ready for your presentation? Yes Aha!

Alright! Let’s welcome the group 1 presentation. (the students execute)

Very Good, what an amazing performance.

Next let’s welcome the group 2. (the students execute)

Next let’s welcome the group 3. (the students execute)

Next let’s welcome the group 4. (the students execute)

Next let’s welcome the group 5. (the students execute)

F. Actualization

How you can apply or reflect our topic this morning We can apply this in our real-life situation most
in your real-life situation? especially in making right decisions even if it’s
risky but still worth it.

In what way you can use this topic in your daily We can use this topic in everything we do, what
life? ever we do we make decisions.

G. Generalization
We learned the two types of hypothesis testing
What have you learned students? and the types of statistical errors.

Very good!

IV. Evaluation
Direction: Answer the following question.

1. Suppose a business person wishes to open a

store in a local shopping centre only if there is
strong evidence that the average number of people
in the centre is greater than 5000 per day. The null
hypothesis will be
a. H0: µ ≤ 5000
b. H0: µ > 5000
c. H0: µ ≥ 5000
d. H0: µ = 5000
2. In a hypothesis test:
a. the null hypothesis is what we are trying to
prove
b. the alternate hypothesis is always
assumed to be true
c. the alternate hypothesis is accepted
unless there is sufficient evidence to say
otherwise
d. the null hypothesis is not rejected unless
there is sufficient evidence to reject it.
3. In hypothesis testing
a. rejecting the null might lead to a type II
error
b. β = 1 - α
c. a type II error occurs whenever the null
 hypothesis is accepted
d. all of the above are incorrect

4. If my null hypothesis is ‘Dutch people do not

differ from English people in height’, what is my
alternative hypothesis?

a. All of the statements are plausible

alternative hypotheses.
b. Dutch people are taller than English
people.
c. English people are taller than Dutch
people.
d. Dutch people differ in height from
English people.

5. If my experimental hypothesis were ‘Eating

cheese before bed affects the number of
nightmares you have’, what would the null
hypothesis be?

a. Eating cheese before bed gives you

more nightmares.
b. Eating cheese before bed gives you
fewer nightmares.
c. Eating cheese is linearly related to the
number of nightmares you have. 
d. The number of nightmares you have is
not affected by eating cheese before
bed.

V. Assignment
1. Enumerate the forms of test statistic.

References:
https://edge.sagepub.com/field-adventures-in-
stats/student-resources/chapter-10/multiple-choice-
questions
Answer key
1.d
2.d
3.d
4.a
5.d

Prepared by: ABEGAIL Q. PANANG

Checked by: ARTHUR J. PEREZ