I iap-th¬

290
 291

1 iap-th¬
BapJw
“tIhew {]Xn-]Ø- n-°p-th≠n anIhp ImWn-°p∂ H∂√ iap-th-ens‚ H∂mw ]pkvX-
Iw. kw`-h_- l
- p-ea
- mb Ncn-{X-amWv AXv hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂Xp am{X-a√; iap-th¬,
iu¬, ZmhoZv F∂o aq∂p h¿Æ-i-_-f-amb hy‡n-Xz-ß-fpsS Poh-N-cn{Xw Iq´n-
t®¿Øv ]n∂nb kw`-h_ - l
- p-ea
- mb Hcp Ncn{Xw IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv; AXm-bXv Cu aq∂p-
t]-tcbpw tI{µo-Ic - n-®mWv A≤ym-bß - ƒ Iq´n-t®¿Øn-cn-°p-∂X - v.”
˛sP. knUvtem _mIvÿ

I. Imt\m-\nse AXp-ey-ÿm\w Cu ]pkvXIw {]hm-N-I-\mb iap-th-ens‚ injy-

iap-th-ens‚ H∂pw c≠pw ]pkvX-I-ß-fn-s√-¶n¬,
]gb \nba Imt\m-\n¬ Hcp ]nf¿∏v D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. {]mcw-
`-Øn¬ H‰ ]pkvI-am-bn-cp∂ iap-th¬ kuI-cym¿∞w
sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v ]cn-`m-j-bn-emWv BZy-ambn c≠mbn hn`-
Pn-®-Xv. A®-Sn® F{_mb ss__n-fp-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-sS,
]gb \nb-a-Øns‚ F√m `mjm-¥-c-ß-fnepw CXp-hsc
AXp-Xs∂bmWv sNbvXp-h-∂n-´p-f-f-Xv.
iap-th¬, ZmhoZpw tKmeym-Øpw, ZmhoZpw tbm\m-
Ym\pw iuens‚ ASp-Øp-\n-∂p-ap-ff Zmho-Zns‚ HmSn-
t∏m°v, sa^o-t_m-ti-Øn-t\m-Sp-ff Xs‚ Zb, Xs‚
]p{X-\mb A_vi-tem-ans‚ FXn¿∏pw ac-Whpw \nan-
Ø-ap-≠mb Xs‚ ZpxJw F∂o IY-I-fm¬, ]d-™-dn-bn-
°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-Ø{X {Ink-vXob, blqZm Ip´n-Iƒ
kzm[o- \ n- ° - s ∏- S p- I bpw DXv _ p- ≤ - c m- ° - s ∏- S p- I bpw
sNbvXn-´p-≠v.
Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp-ff DS-º-Snbpw, Xs‚ a°-fp-sS-bn-S-bn¬
Xs∂ sIm√p-hm-\n-S-bm-b, t_¿ti-_-bp-am-bp-ff Xs‚
]m]-Øns‚ `bm-\-I-amb kmZr-iy-ßfpw Ipd-®p-IqSn
apXn¿∂ hmb-\-°m¿°v, IqSpX¬ A\p-im-k-\o-b-amb
\ne-bn¬ ]Tn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p.
\ymbm-[n-]-∑mcpw Zmho-Zns‚ cmP-Iob hwi-]-c-º-
cbpsS ]q¿Æ-amb ÿm]-\hpw XΩn-ep-ff ]nf¿∏n\p
]mew Xo¿°p-∂Xv 1˛Dw 2˛Dw iap-th-ens‚ ]pkvX-I-
ß-fm-Wv. bn{km-tb-ens‚ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ AZzn-Xo-b-amb
Hcp ÿm\-am-WXv hln-°p-∂-Xv.
II. {KŸ-I¿ØrXzw
Ct∏mƒ 1˛Dw 2˛Dw iap-th-embn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´n-cn-
°p∂ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ iap-th-em-
sW∂p blqZm ]mc-ºcyw ]d-bp-∂p. ]s£, Aß-s\-
bm-hp-tºmƒ Xs‚ Poh-Im-eØp \S∂ kw`-h-ß-tfm-Sp-
ff _‘-Øn¬ am{Xta Cu {KŸ-I¿ØrXzw {]bp-‡-
am-Ip-∂p-ffq (1:1˛25:1)(1) Cu ]pkvI-Ønse A[nIw hnj-
b-ßfpw kw`-hn-®Xv Cu {]hm-N-Is‚ ac-W-ti-j-am-Wv.
∑m-cn¬ Bsc-¶nepw Kpcp-hns‚ Fgp-Øp-Iƒ kwtbm-Pn-
∏n®v Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Im-\mWv km≤y-X. As√-¶n¬ kq£va-
amb tcJ-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNbvXv ioen® ]ptcm-ln-X-
\mb A_ym-Ym-cmbncn°mw Hcp ]s£ Cu ]pkvXIw
kam-l-cn-®-Xv. Zmho-Zns‚ HutZym-Kn-I -Po-hn-X-Ønse hf-
sc-b-SpØ Hcp klm-bnbpw \mSp-I-S-Ø-s∏´ ka-b-Øp-
t]mepw Ah-t\m-Sp-IqsS kabw Nne-hg - n-®h
- \
- p-am-bn-cp∂p
Cu A_ym-Ym¿.
III. Fgp-Xn-b- Imew
iap-th-ens‚ ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xs - ∏´ Imew IrXy-ambn
kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. GI-tZiw B.C.1000-˛\p
tij-amImw BZy-`mKw Fgp-X-s∏-´-Xv. bn{km-tb-ens‚
{]hm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ff (B.C.722) -kpN\Isfm∂pw
CXn¬ \evIn-bn-´n-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬, AXn-\p-ap-ºp-ff Hcp
Imew Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Smw. “blqZm” F∂pw
bn{kmtb¬ F∂pw cmP-hmgvN c≠mbnhn`-Pn-°-s∏´ ˛
B.C.931˛\p tij-ap-ff Hcp Ime-amWv blq-Z, bn{k-tb¬
F∂n-hsb Ipdn-®p-ff kqN-\I - ƒ Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sp-∂s
- X∂v
Nne¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Ata-cn-°≥ Ncn-{X-Ønse ]Z
{]tbm-K-ß-fmb “bm¶ok” (Yankees) (Atacn-°-bnse
\yp Cw•≠v {]tZ-i-°m-c≥) “kuØvtdm¨kv” F∂nh
1861 se I£n am‰-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ Gsd-°psd D]-
tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, cmjv{Sob hn`-P-\-Øn\p
apºp-Xs∂ CØcw ]Z-{]-tbm-K߃ A\mbmtk\ D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
IV. ]›m-Ø-ehpw hnj-bhpw
B.C.12˛mw \q‰m≠p apX¬ 10-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-
Im-e-L´w hsc bn{km-tb-ep-am-bp-ff ssZh-Øns‚ CS-
s]-Sep-I-fmWv 1˛Dw 2˛Dw iap-th-ens‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. iap-th¬ ({]-hm-N-I-\mb
\ymbm-[n-]≥) iu¬ (X-≈n-°-f-b-s∏´ cmPm-hv) ZmhoZv
(C-S-b-\mb cmPm-hv) F∂n-h-cmWv CXnse {][m-\-s∏´
IYm-]m-{X-߃. Chsc Np‰n-∏-‰n-bp-ff hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-
fmWv Fgp-Xn-bp-≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
292 1 iap-th¬
\ymbm[n-]-∑m-cpsS Ime-L´w Ah-km-\n-∏n®v cmPm-
°-∑m-cpsS Ime-L´w Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZh-Øm¬
Fgp-t∂-ev]n-°s - ∏´ hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p iap-th¬. ]utcm-
lnXyØns‚ ]cm-Pbw (G-enbpw Xs‚ ]p{X-∑mcpw
shfn-s∏-SpØn Im´n-b-Xv) I≠ Hcp ImeØpw, {]hm-NI
ip{iq-j-bpsS Bcw-`-Øn-¶-ep-amWv iap-th¬ Pohn-®-Xv.
\ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cn¬ Ah-km-\sØ hy‡nbpw iap-th-em-
bn-cp-∂p; IqSmsX Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ {]hm-
N-I-∑m-cn¬ BZysØ hy‡nbpw (th-Z-]p-kvX-I-Ønse
BZysØ {]hm-N-I-\-√-˛-Dev] 20:7) bn{km-tb-ense
BZysØ cmPm-hns\ A`n-tjIw sNbvX hy‡nbpw
Xm\m-bn-cp-∂p. Xms\mcp tehy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Al-
tcms‚ IpSpw-_-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂n´pw ssZh-
Øns‚ {]Xy-£-amb AwKo-Im-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn Hcp ]ptcm-
ln-X-\mbn Xm≥ ip{iqj sNbvXp. Xs‚ lrZbw \n¿Ω-
ehpw `‡n-bp-ff - X
- p-am-bn-cp-∂p; F∂m¬ Gen-bp-tSXv aen-
\-s∏-´Xpw A\p-k-c-W-an-√m-Ø-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
bn{km-tb-ens‚ bYm¿∞-cm-Pm-hmb ssZhw, P\-ß-
fpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw cmP-Iob A[n-Imcw BZyw iuen-
\pw, ]n∂oSv Zmho-Zn\pw Ahs‚ k¥-Xn-°p-ambn hn´p-
sIm-Sp-Ø-sX-ß-s\-sb-∂-XmWv iap-th-ens‚ hnj-bw.
ss__n-fn-ep-S-\o-f-ap-ff hnj-b-hp-ambn Cu ]pkvX-I-
ßsf hfsc BI¿j-I-amb \ne-bn¬ bqPn≥ sadn¬
_‘n-°p-∂p.
Zmho-Zns‚ cmP-Iq-Spw-_-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv Xs‚ t{ijvT
]p{X-\mb tbip {InkvXp Ah-km\w PUm-hXmcw FSp-
Ø-Xv. {InkvXp Xs‚ kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn¬ XnI®pw
cmPXzw A\p- ` - h n- ® p. X∂n¬ hniz- k n- ° p- ∂ - h ¿°v
Xt∂mSp IqsSbpw Xm≥ apJm-¥n-chpw `cWw \S-Øp-
hm≥ Ign-bp∂Xn\p-ff ASn-ÿm\w Xs‚ acW ]p\-cp-
∞m-\-ß-fm¬ \evI-s∏´p (2 iap 7:12-˛16; k¶o 89: 36-
˛37 sbi 9:7)(2).

Df-f-S°w
I. iuens\ A`n-tjIw sNøp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp-ff iap-th-ens‚ ip{iqj (A.1-˛9)
A. iap-th-ens‚ P\-\hpw _mey-Im-ehpw (A.1)
B. l∂-bpsS ]m´v (2:1˛10)
C. Genbpw A[¿Ωn-I-fmb Xs‚ ]p{X-∑mcpw (2:11-˛36)
D. iap-th-ens‚ hnfn (A.3)
E. ssZh-Øns‚ s]´Iw (A.4˛7)
1. s]´Iw ]nSn-°-s∏´p (A.4)
2. s]´-I-Øns‚ i‡n (A.5)
3. s]´Iw hos≠-Sp-°-s∏´p (A.6,7)
F. Bh-iy-{]-Imcw sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Hcp cmPmhv (A.8,9)
II. \o°w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xp hsc-bp-ff iuens‚ `cWw (A.10-˛15)
A. A`n-tj-Ihpw ÿoco-I-c-Whpw (A.10,11)
B. P\-Øn-\p-ff \n¿t±-i-ßfpw imk-\bpw (A.12)
C. A\p-k-c-W-t°Spw Xnc-kvI-c-Whpw (A.13-˛15)
1. iuens‚ ]m]-]-¶n-e-amb bmKw (A.13)
2. iuens‚ [rX-K-Xn-bn-ep-ff i]Yw (A.14)
3. iuens‚ A]q¿Æ-amb A\p-k-cWw (A.15)
III. iuens‚ acWw hsc-bp-ff Zmho-Zns‚ PohnXw (A.16-˛30)
 293

A. iap-th-en-\m-ep-ff A`n-tjIw (16:1˛13)

B. iuen-s\ ip{iq-jn-°p∂p (16:14-˛23)
C. tKmeym-Øns\ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p (A.17)
D. aoJ-fns\ hnhmlw sNøp∂p (A.18)
E. iuen-s‚-b-SpØp \n∂pw HmSn-t∏m-Ip∂p (A.19-˛26)
1. tbm\m-Yms‚ Bflm¿∞X (A.19-˛20)
2. Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp-ff Alo-a-te-°ns‚ Zb (A.21)
3. Zmho-Zns‚ c£-s∏-S-epw, iu¬ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑msc h[n-°p-∂Xpw (A.22)
4. sIbo-e-bpsS H‰n-s°m-Sp-°¬ (A.23)
5. iuens\ sIm√msX Ah-t\mSp Zb ImWn-°p∂p (A.24)
6. \m_m-ens‚ t`mjXzw (A.25)
7. c≠mw Xh-Wbpw iuen-t\mSv Zb ImWn-°p∂p (A.26)
F. s^en-kvXy-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p (A.27-˛30)
1. kn¢mKv ssIap-X-em-°p∂p (A.27)
2. iuens‚ acWw ap∂-dn-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.28)
3. BJoiv Zmho-Zns\ ]ncn-®p-hn-Sp∂p (A.29)
4. Aam-te-Iy¿ tXm¬∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.30)
IV. iuens‚ acWw (A.31)--
294
hymJym\w
I. iuens\ A`n- t jIw sNøp- ∂ - X p-
hscbpff iap-th-ens‚ ip{iqj (A.1-
˛9)
A. iap-th-ens‚ P\-\hpw _mey-Im-ehpw (A.1)
1:1˛10 F¬°m\ Xs‚ c≠p `mcy-am-cmb l∂ (Ir-
]), s]\n\ (ap-Øv) F∂n-hsc ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-
≠mWv iap-th-ens‚ H∂mw ]pkvXIw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv.
F{^bnw ae-\m-´nse cmam-Y-bnw-˛-tkm-^o-an¬ \n∂p-ap-
ff Hcp tehy-\m-bn-cp∂p Xm≥; 1˛mw hmIy-Ønse F{^-
bn-ay≥ F∂p-ff \ma-\n¿t±iw AXp-sIm-≠mWv (1 Zn\
6:22˛28 ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I). hniz-kvX-amb Hcp
Ncn-{X-hn-h-cWw F∂ \ne-bn-emWv ss__nfn¬ _lp-
`m-cyXzw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ thZ-]p-
kvXIw Hcn-°epw AXw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. teb-bp-tSbpw
dmtl-en-t‚bpw Imcy-Øn-se-∂-t]m-se, Hcp `mcy a°-
fp-f-f-hfpw a‰-hƒ {]k-hn-°m-Ø-h-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-
\m¬ `h-\-Øn¬ ]c-kv]-cw a’cw D≠m-Ip-hm-\n-S-bm-
bn, ImcWw l∂ a°-fn-√m-Ø-h-fm-bn-cp-∂psh¶nepw
Ah-fpsS `¿Ømhv IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂Xv Ah-sf-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. B≠p-tXmdpw B IpSpw_w iotem-hn¬
D’hw BN-cn-∏m-\mbn t]mIp-tºmƒ, kam-[m-\-bm-K-
Øns‚ Cc´n ]¶v l∂m-bv°v e`n-®n-cp∂p (hm.3-˛5).
F∂m¬ CXns‚ t]cn¬ s]\n∂m IpØp-hm-°p-Ifm¬
l∂sb thZ-\n-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. h¿j-߃ sN√p-
t¥mdpw Ah-fpsS IpØp-hm-°p-Iƒ l∂-bn¬ Bg-Øn-
ep-ff apdn-hp-Iƒ krjvSn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Ah-km\w
\ncm-i-tbmsS l∂ Xs‚ hnj-b-hp-ambn aµn-c-Øn-¶¬
btlm-h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ sN∂p.
1:11-˛18 ssZhw X\n-s°mcp B¨ ss]X-ens\ \¬Ip-
sa-¶n¬, Ahs\ Xm≥ btlm-h-bv°p-Xs∂ sImSp-°p-
sa∂v l∂ t\¿∂p. P\\w apX¬ Ah-s\mcp \mko¿
hrX-ÿ-\m-bn-cn-°pw. _nj∏v lmƒkv A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-
∂Xv:
GsX-¶nepw \∑ t\Sp-hm≥ \mw B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-
¶n¬, AXn-\p-ff am¿§w \mw BtcmSv AXp tNmZn-°p-
∂p-thm, B ssZh-Øns‚ al-Xz-Øn-\mbn AXns\
\ΩpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-I-sb-∂-XmWv; Cu
am¿§-Øn-eqsS ssZhw kzbw al-Xz-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw Xs‚
Zmks\ kt¥m-jn-∏n-°bpw sNøpw.(3)
l∂mbpsS A[cw A\- ß p- ∂ Xp I≠t∏mƒ,
Ahƒ°v elcn ]nSn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v hr≤ ]ptcm-ln-
X-\mb Gen°v tXm∂n-t∏m-bn. F∂m¬ Xs‚ tNjvS-
I-sf-°p-dn®v Ahƒ hnh-cn® DS≥ Xs∂ Ah-fpsS hnj-
b-Øns‚ Kuc-hm-hÿ Gen {Kln-°p-Ibpw Ahsf
A\p- { K- l n®v kam- [ m- \ - t ØmsS ]d- ™ - b - ° p- I bpw
sNbvXp. Xs‚ imco-cnI h‘yXzw \nanØw Akz-ÿ-
bm-bn-cp∂p l∂ F¶n¬ \mw \ΩpsS BflnI h‘y-
X-tbm¿Øp ZpxJn°-Ww.
1 iap-th¬ 1,2
1:19-˛28 l∂bpsS {]m¿∞-\°v adp-]Sn e`n-®-t∏mƒ
“Ahs\ btlm-h-tbmSp tNmZn-®p-hm-ßn” bXmb-Xp-
sIm≠v Ahƒ B ss]X-en\v iap-th¬ ({]m¿∞-\-
bpsS adp-]-Sn) F∂p t]cn-´p.(4) iap-th-ens‚ ape-IpSn
amdn-b-tijw Ahƒ Ahs\ btlm-h-bpsS Be-b-Øn-
te°v sIm≠p sN∂p. ka¿∏-W-Øns‚ Fs∂-t∂-°p-
am-bp-ff Hcp {]hrØn F∂ \ne-bn¬ btlm-hbv°v \nth-
Zn-®p. XpS°w apX¬ Xs∂ _me≥ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑msc
klm-bn-°p-Ibpw btlm-h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ ip{iq-j-
Iƒ sNbvXp t]mcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. iap-th-en-s\-IqSn
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p-f-f-XmWv 28-˛mw hmIy-Ønse Ah-
km\ hmNIw: hfsc sNdp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂-sh-¶nepw Ah-
s\mcp Bcm-[\ - °
- m-c\
- m-bn-cp-∂p. ImcWw btlm-hb- psS
ip{iq-jb - v°mbn ka¿∏n-°s - ∏-´Xm-bn-cp∂p Ahs‚ Pohn-
Xw.
B. l∂m-bpsS ]m´v (2:1˛10)
Gen-bp-tSbpw IpSpw-_-Øn-t‚bpw [m¿Ωn-Im-[x-]-X-
\-Øn-\p-hn-]c- o-Xa
- m-bn-cp∂p F¬°m-\b - psS `mcy-bp-tSbpw
aI-t‚bpw Xmev]-cy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-ff ka¿∏-Ww. Xs‚
aIs\ btlm-hbv°v \nth-Zn-®-tijw l∂, \µn-]q¿∆w
Xs‚ lrZbw btlm-h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ ]I¿∂p.
ssZh-Øns‚ AKm-[a - mb Adn-hn-t\-bpw, Ahs‚ hy‡n
sshin-jvSy-tØ-bpw, Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-tbbpw shfn-s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah-fpsS hm°p-Iƒ. hntcm-[-ap-ff
]e Imcy-߃ s]\n∂ l∂-tbmSp ]d-™-Xp-sIm≠v
Ahsf imkn-®p-sIm-≠p-ff Hcp {]m¿∞-\-bmbn CXp
tXm∂n-tb-°mw. ]s£, {]mh-N-\n-I-ambn Z¿in-°p-
tºmƒ, Cu IpSpw_ Ie-l-Øn-∂-∏p-d-am-bn, bn{km-tb-
en\v Ah-fpsS i{Xp-°-fpsS taep-ff hnP-b-Øn-te-°pw,
{InkvXp-hns‚ BXy-¥nI `c-W-Øn-te-°p-amWv AXp
IS∂p sN√p-∂Xv. ]e-t∏mgpw AXn t{ijvT-sa∂p ]d-
b-s∏-Sp∂ adn-b-bpsS ]m´ns\ (eqt°m 1:46-˛55) l∂-
bpsS ]m´ns\ Ipdn-®p-ff Xs‚ Adnhv hy‡-ambn kzm[o-
\n-®n-´p-≠v.
C. Genbpw A[¿Ωn-I-fmb Xs‚ ]p{X-∑mcpw
(2:11-˛36)
2:11-˛17 Gen-bpsS A[¿Ωn-I-fmb ]p{X-∑m-cn-te°v
Ct∏mƒ hnh-cWw Xncn-bp-Ib - m-Wv Ah¿ hnizm-kØ- m¬
c£-{]m-]n-®h - c
- m-bn-cp-∂n-√ F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv Ah¿
btlm-hsb Adn-™n-cp-∂n√ F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
aq∂p ]m]-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS t]cn¬ Btcm-]n-°-
s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. tIhew s\©pw ssI°p-dIpw sIm≠v
Xr]vXn-s∏-SmsX (tehy 7:28-˛34 ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-
I) P\-ß-fpsS kam-[m-\-bmK Hmlcn Ah¿ sImf-f-b-
Sn®v taZ v btlm-h-bv°p-th≠n Zln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p- apºv
amwkw Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm≠v Ah¿ \nbaw ewLn-°p-I-
bm-bn-cp-∂p, aq∂m-a-Xm-bn, Ah-cpsS imco-cnI hni-∏n\v
ap≥Xq°w sImSp-Øp-sIm-≠v, amwkw thhn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-
]-Icw AXp hdp-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ CjvSs - ∏-´p. Bsc-¶nepw
 1 iap-th¬ 2,3
FXn¿°p-hm≥ {ian-®m¬ Ah¿ _em¬°m-tcW AXp
FSp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. btlm-h-bpsS hgn-]mSv \nµn-®-Xp-
sIm≠v AhcpsS ]m]w G‰hpw hen-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
2:18-˛21 iap-th¬ _mes‚ ka¿∏-Whpw Ahs‚
amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS B≠p tXmdp-ap-ff bmKm¿∏-Whpw
Ch-cpsS A[m¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn\v t\¿ hn]-co-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.
l∂-bpsS BZy DZ-c-^ew btlm-h-bv°mbn ka¿∏n-°-
s∏-´X- p-sIm-≠v, ho≠pw aq∂p ]p{X-∑m-tcbpw c≠p ]p{Xn-
am-tcbpw IqSn \evIn ssZhw Ahsf A\p-{K-ln-®p.
“sImSp-∏n≥ F∂m¬ \n߃°p In´pw” F∂ \ΩpsS
I¿Øm-hns‚ hmKvZ-Ø-߃°p-ff \s√mcp hni-Zo-I-c-
W-am-WX - v.
2:22-˛26 Xs‚ ]p{X-∑m-cpsS A[¿Ω-{]-hr-Øn-I-sf-°p-
dn®p a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ \n∂v tI´-t∏mƒ am{X-amWv Gen
Ahsc imkn-®-Xv. F∂m¬ im¥-amb Xs‚ imk-\-
sIm-≠v- F-s¥-¶nepw {]tbm-P\w D≠m-ImØ hn[w
hfsc Xma-kn-®p-t]m-bn-cp∂p AXv. ssZhw Ahsc \in-
∏n- ° p- h m≥ Dt±- i n- ® n- c p- ∂ - X p- s Im- ≠ v , ]gb ^d-
thms\t∏mse \ymb-Xo¿∏v ITn-\-am-°p-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v
Ah¿ Xß-fpsS lrZ-b-ßsf ITn-\-s∏-Sp-Øn. F∂m¬
Cu ka-bØv iap-th¬ \n¿Ω-e-Xbpw \∑bpw sIm≠v
btlm-hbv°pw a\p-jy¿°pw {]oXn-bp-ff - h
- \
- mbn hf¿∂p
hcn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kw`-h-ß-sf√mw \ymbm-[n-]-
∑mcpsS Ime-Øm-bn-cp∂p \S-∂Xv F∂v \mw Hm¿°p-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬, B Ime-L-´-Ønse [m¿ΩnI At[m-K-Xn-
bn¬ \n∂p c£-s]-Sp-∂-Xn¬ ]utcm-lnXyw ]cm-P-b-
s∏´psh∂-Xn¬ AXn-i-bn-°m-\n-√.
2:27-˛36 Xs‚ ]p{X-∑msc Gen imkn-®Xv arZp-hm-bn-
´m- b n- c p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ n- e pw, Gen- t bm- S p- f f btlm- h - b psS
imk\w I¿Æ-I-tTm-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. t]cp ]d-b-s∏-´n-´m-
√mØ Hcp ssZh-]p-cp-j≥ {]Xy-£-s∏-´v, Gen-bpsS
]utcm-lnXy IpSpw-_-Øns‚ A¥yw Ahs\ Adn-bn-
®p. Al-tcm\y IpSpw-_sØ X\n°v ]ptcm-ln-X-\mbn
hnfn®p th¿Xn-cn-®Xpw, Ah-cpsS Poh-k-‘m-c-W-Øn-
\mbn bmK-amwkw HuZm-cy-]q¿∆w A\p-h-Zn-®Xpw ]p\-c-
h-tem-I\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWv B {]hm-N-I≥ Xs‚
hm°p- I ƒ Bcw- ` n- ® - X v . ssZh- Ø ns‚ Ah- I m- i -
ßtf°mƒ Xs‚ ]p{X-∑m-cpsS `£-tW-—bv°v ap≥K-
W\ sImSp- Ø - X n\v B ssZh- ] p- c p- j ≥ Gensb
imkn®p (hm.29). ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ imiz-X-XzsØ
kw_-‘n-®p-ff ssZh-Øns‚ apºsØ hmKvZØ - {- ]-Imcw
]ptcm-ln-X∑ - m¿ \√ kz`m-ha - p-ff
- h
- c
- m-bn-cn-°W
- w. F∂m¬
Gen-bp-tSbpw IpSpw-_-Øn-t‚bpw A[m¿Ωn-IXzw \nan-
Øw, ]utcm-lnXy ip{iqj XpS-cp-hm≥ ssZhw C\n
Ahsc A\p-hZ- n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√; Ahs‚ IpSpw-_Ø - nse
Hcp hy‡nbpw C\n hm¿≤-Iy-Øn-se-Øp-I-bn√; iotem-
hnse Bebw £bn-®p-t]mIpw; Gen-bpsS k¥m-\ß - ƒ
Hcp A]-am-\hpw Hcp ZpxJ-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. F√m-‰n-ep-ap-]-
cn, Cu in£m-hn-[n-I-sf√mw kw`-hn-∏m-\p-f-f-Xm-Ip-∂p-
sh-∂-Xns‚ ASm-b-f-ambn slm^v\nbpw ^ns\-lmkpw
Htc Znh-k-Øn¬ Xs∂ acn-°pw. Alo-a-te°pw Xs‚
]p{X-∑mcpw (A-_ym-Ym¿ Hgn-sI) iuens‚ Iøm¬
295
sIm√- s ∏- S p- ∂ Xv (hm.31, 22:16- ˛ 20) ]utcm- l n- X y-
Øn¬\n∂pw A_ym-Ym¿ item-tam-\m¬ \njv°m-k\w
sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv (hm.32,33; 1 cmPm 2:27) slm^v\n-bp-
tSbpw ^nt\m-lm-kn-t‚bpw acWw (hm.34; 4:11) F∂n-
h-bn-eqsS Gen-bpsS `h-\-tØm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn-ep-≠m-
bn-cp∂ in£m-hn[n \nd-th-‰-s∏-´p. C∞m-am-dns‚ `h-\-
Øn¬ \n∂p-f-f-h-\m-bn-cp∂p Gen; ]n¬°m-eØv item-
tam- \ m¬ A_ym- Y m¿ ]ptcm- l n- X - ÿ m- \ - Ø p- \ n∂pw
\njvImk\w sNø-s∏-´t- ∏mƒ, B ]utcm-lnXyw Feym-
k-dns‚ `h-\Ø - n-te°v ]p\-ÿm-]n-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib
- m-bn-cp-∂p.
]n∂o-Sp-ff Imew AX-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Gen-bpsS aI-
\mb ^ns\-lmkpw Al-tcms‚ sIm®p-a-I-\mb ^ns\-
lmkpw (kwJy 25:7,8) XΩn¬ Bib Ipg-∏-ap-≠m-I-cp-
Xv.
35-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ hniz-kvX-]p-
tcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp∂p Zmho-Zn-t‚bpw item-tam-s‚bpw
ImeØv ip{iqj sNbvX, Gse-bm-k-dns‚ `h-\-Øn¬
\n∂p-ff ktZm-°v. Ahs‚ ]utcm-lnXyw {InkvXp-hns‚
kl-{km_vZ hmgvN-Im-eØpw Dd-®p-\nev°pw (sbl
44:15). F∂m¬ Gen-bpsS ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ ]ptcm-lnX
]Zhn B{K-ln-°pw, AXv btlm-hsb tkhn-°p∂
XmXv]c - y-Øn-e√
- , adn®v tIhew Fs¥-¶nepw Xn∂p-hm≥
In´p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bm-Wv. (hm.36). 35-˛mw hmIy-Ønse
hnizkvX ]ptcm-ln-X\ - n¬ “\nXyw” F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ shfn-
®-Øn¬, ain-lm-bpsS Hcp ]tcm£ kqN-\-bp-f-f-Xmbn
]ecpw Nn¥n-°p-∂p.
D. iap-th-ens‚ hnfn (A.3)
3:1˛3 iotem-hnse Be-b-Øn¬ iap-th¬ btlm-h-
bpsS apºmsI ip{iqj sNbvXp-t]m-cp-∂I - m-eØv btlm-
h-bpsS hN\w Zp¿e-`-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂p-h-®m¬ ssZhw
Z¿i-\ß - f
- n-eqsS hfsc Zp¿e-`a- mbn am{Xta a\p-jy-tcmSv
kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂p-f-fq.. bn{km-tb-ens‚ [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-
bpsS Hcp Nn{Xw BZysØ aq∂p hmIy-ß-fn¬ hneywkv
Z¿in-°p-∂p.
Ccp´v hym]n®p; ssZh-Øns‚ hnf°v sISp-hm≥
t]mI-bm-bn-cp∂p; alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ Hcp IÆv aßn-
Øp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah\v hy‡-ambn ImWp-hm≥
Ign-bp-∂n√; Ah\pw iap-thepw Dd-°-am-bn-cp-∂p.(5)
\nehn-f-°n-s\-bmWv ssZh-Øns‚ hnf°v F∂v
ChnsS kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, AXv {]`mXw hsc IØn-
s°m-≠n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
3:4˛9 Hcp cm{Xn {]`m-X-tØm-S-SpØ ka-b-Øv, Xs∂
hnfn-°p∂ Hcp i_vZw iap-th¬ tI´p. Gen-bm-bn-cn-°p-
sa∂v Ah≥ hnNm-cn-®p. ]s£ ]ptcm-ln-X≥ Ahs\
hnfn-®n-cp-∂n-√. iap-th¬ A∂p-hsc btlm-hsb Adn-
™n-√ F∂p h®m¬, btlm-h-bn¬ \n∂pw hy‡n-]-c-
ambn t\cn-´p-ff Hcp shfn-∏mSv CXn-\p- apºv Hcn°epw
D≠m-bn-´n√ F∂¿∞w (hm.7). c≠p {]mhniyw IqSn
iap-th¬ B i_vZw tI´p Ign-™-t∏mƒ, btlm-h-bm-
296 1 iap-th¬ 3,4,5
bn-cp∂p iap-th-ens\ hnfn-®-sX∂v Gen°p a\- n-em-
bn. Aßs\ C\nbpw B i_vZw tIƒ°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬,
“btlm-th, Acp-fn-sN-tø-W-ta, ASn-b≥ tIƒ°p∂p”
F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ B hr≤ ]ptcm-ln-X≥ ]d-™p.
3:10-˛14 \memw {]mhniyw btlmh hnfn-®-t∏mƒ,
“btlm-h” F∂ hm°v {]Xy£Øn¬ Hgn-hm-°n-s°m-
≠v, “Acp-fn-sN-tø-W-ta, ASn-b≥ tIƒ°p∂p” F∂p
iap-th¬ adp-]Sn ]d-™p. Gen-bpsS `h-\-sØ-°p-dn®v
apºv kwkm-cn-®n-cp∂ in£m-hn[n ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-
bn-cp∂p btlm-h-bpsS ktµ-iw. bn{km-tb-ens‚ ]cm-
P-bhpw s]´Iw ]nSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw B in£m-hn-[n-bn¬
Dƒs∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww. ]p{X-∑m-sc-t∏mse Xs∂
Ip‰-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p B ]nXmhpw; ImcWw Ah≥
Ahsc imkn-®-a¿Øp-Itbm, Ah-cpsS ]m]-ß-fn¬
\n∂pw Ahsc ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°tbm sNbvXn-√. ssZh-Zq-j-
W-tØm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ Ah¿ ac-WØ - n-t\¬∏n-°s - ∏-
tS-≠X - n\p ]Icw tIhew imkn-°s - ∏-SpI am{Xta D≠m-
bp-≈p. Ah-cpsS AIrXyØn\p ]cn-lmcw hc-pØ - p-hm≥
bmK-Øn\p Ign-™n√; ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Ønb in£m-hn-[n-bm-
bn-cp∂p Ah-cp-tS-Xv. c≠p km£n-I-fpsS hmsam-gn-I-fn¬
AXv Gen°p Dd-∏m-°ns°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp: ssZh-
]p-cp-j\pw (A.2) {]hm-N-I-\mb iap-th¬ _me\pw
(hm.14).
3:15-˛18 btlmh ]d-™-sX-¥∂v Gensb Adn-bn-
∏m≥ iap-th¬ BZyw i¶n-®p. F¶nepw Gen-bpsS
ssZho-I-amb Hcp BW-bn-S-ens‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
Bk-∂-am-bn-cn-°p∂ B in£m-hn[n Ah≥ B ]ptcm-
ln-X\p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Gen B hm¿Ø Ip‰-kzo-Im-c-
`m-h-tØm-sS-bmWv ssIs°m-≠-Xv. in£m-hn-[n-bn-ep-ff
ssZho-I-\ymbw Ah≥ {Kln-®n-cp-∂p. Al-tcms‚ ]p{X-
∑msc Ah-cpsS `‡n-bn-√mbva \nanØw tOZn-®p-If- ™
ssZh-Øn\v (te-hy.10). slm^v\n-tbbpw ^nt\-lm-kn-
t\bpw in£n-°msX hnSp-hm≥ Ign-bptam?
3:19-˛21 btlmh iap-th-en-t\mSv IqsS-bp-s≠∂v Zm≥
apX¬ t_¿ti_ hsc-bp-ff bn{km-tb-sem-s°bpw
s]´∂v a\- n-em-°n. B sNdp _me-\n¬ btlm-h-bpsS
Hcp hnizkvX {]hm-N-Is\ Ah¿ Xncn-®-dn-™p.
E. btlmhbpsS s]´Iw (A.4-˛7)
1. s]´Iw ]nSn-°-s∏´p (A.4)
4:1˛4 i{Xp cmPy-tØ°pw AhnsS \n∂p Xncn®pw
sIm≠p-h∂ btlm-hb - psS \nb-as
- ]-´I
- Ø
- ns‚ Hcp bm{X-
bn¬ AXns\ A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-I-bmWv ASpØ aq∂-
≤ym-b-߃. s^en-kvXy-cpsS a≤y-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ
ssZhw Xs‚ almflyw kwc-£n-°pw, (A.5) F∂m¬
AhcpsS a≤y-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah≥ bn{km-tb-
ens\ kwc-£n-°p-I-bn-√, ImcWw Ah¿ Ahs\ BZ-
cn-°msX Ccp-∂n-´p-≠v. Gs_≥ Gt -cn¬ Ah¿ s^en-
kvXy-cpsS t\sc bp≤-Øn\p ]pd-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, \mem-bncw
t]sc Ah¿°p \jvS-s∏-´p. KXn-am-‰p-hm-\p-ff Hcp {ia-
Øn¬ aq∏-∑m¿ \nb-a-s]-´Iw iotem-hn¬ \n∂pw ]mf-
b-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-∂p.
4:5˛11 s]´Iw I≠-t∏mƒ bn{km-tb¬ P\w kt¥m-
j-tØmsS B¿∏n-Sp-Ibpw s^en-kvXy¿ hf-sc-b-[nIw
`b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp; ImcWw btlm-h-bpsS alm-
flyw Ah¿ kzbw I≠-dn-™n-´p-≈h - c
- m-Wv. Ah¿ kzbw
ss[cy-s∏-´p-sIm≠p Hcn-°¬IqSn bp≤-Øn-\mbn ASp-
Øp. ]s£ Ahsc A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp Imcy-amWv
AhnsS kw`-hn-®-Xv. bn{km-tb¬ tXmt‰m-Sn, ap∏-Xn-\m-
bncw Imemƒ sIm√- s ∏´p; ]ptcm- l n- X - ∑ m- c mb
slm^v\nbpw ^nt\m-lmkpw sIm√-s∏-´p, IqSmsX s]´-
Ihpw ]nSn-°-s∏´p!
4:12-˛22 s]´Iw ]nSn-°s- ∏´ hnhcw Hcp-h≥ HmSn-s®∂v
iotem-hn¬ Gensb Adn-bn-®-t∏mƒ, hr≤-\mb B
]ptcm-ln-X≥ Xs‚ ZWvU-\m-[n-Im-cm-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw
]nd-tIm-´p-ho-Wv, Igp-sØm-Sn™p acn-®p. Cu Zp¿h¿Ø-
am\w tI´ ^nt\-lm-kns‚ `mcybv°v {]k-h-th-Z\ XpS-
ßn, B {]k-hØ - n¬ Ahƒ acn-®p. s]´Iw s^en-kvXy-
cpsS Iøn¬ AI-s∏´p F∂ hm¿Ø-tbm-fw, Xs‚
AΩm-hn-b∏ - t- ‚bpw `¿Øm-hn-t‚bpw ac-Wh
- n-hcw Ahsf
kv]¿in-®n√ F∂p tXm∂p-∂p. Ahƒ Xs‚ ac-W-k-a-
bØv “alXzw s]mbvt∏mbv” F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v
Xs‚ aI\v CuJm-t_m[v (a-lXzw s]mbvt∏m-bn) F∂p
t]cn-´p.
2. s]´-I-Øns‚ i‡n (A.5).
5:1˛5 s^en-kvXy¿ ssZh-Øns‚ s]´Iw F_-t\-
k-cn¬ \n∂v AkvtXm-Zn-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-bn. AhnsS
s^en-kvXy-cpsS tZiob ssZh-amb ZmtKms‚ t£{X-
Øn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-®p. thZ-`m-K-ß-fn¬ ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw
ImWm-dp-ff as‰mcp hn{K-l-amb _mens‚ A∏-\m-bn-
cp∂p Cu ZmtKm≥ F∂p Icp-Xs - ∏-Sp-∂p. s]´-It- Øbpw
hn{Kl-tØbpw Xpey-cmbn I≠ s^en-kvXy¿, s]´Iw
ZmtKm-s‚-b-SpØp sIm≠p-t]mbn h®p. F∂m¬ ]nt‰∂v
{]`m-X-Øn¬ Ah¿ t£{X-Øn¬ aS-ßn-h-∂-t∏mƒ,
btlm-h-bmb ssZhw ZmtKms\ s]´-I-Øn\p apºmsI
Xe-IpØn hogvØn-bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv I≠-Xv. Cu kw`-h-
Øns‚ s]mc-pƒ {Kln-°msX Ah¿ ZmtKms\ ho≠pw
s]´-I-Øn-\-cnsI h®p. F∂m¬ ASpØ {]`m-X-Øn¬
BcmWv i‡≥ F∂-Xn¬ bmsXmcp kwi-bhpw D≠m-
ImØ hn[w, ZmtKms‚ Xebpw ssI∏-Ønbpw apdn-™p-
t]m-bn. ZmtKm≥ Hcp kXy-ssZ-h-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Ah\v
kzbw kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahs‚ A\p-
bm-bn-Iƒ Cu ]c-am¿∞w {Kln-°m-sX, DΩ-d∏ - S- n-bn-t∑¬
Nhn-´p-∂Xv kw_-‘n®v A‘-am-sbmcp \nbaw D≠m-
°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p sNbvX-Xv. bn{km-tb-ens‚ ssZh-hp-am-
bp-ff I≠p-ap-´¬ ZmtKms\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
\∂mbn tXm∂n-bn-√. K -bn¬ inwtim≥ ZmtKms‚
t£{Xw \in-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. B sI´nSw Bk-Iew s^en-
kvXy-{]-`p-°∑ - m-cp-sS-ta¬ hogp-hm≥ X°-hÆ - wA - Xv hen-
®n-Sp-hm-\p-ff i‡n ssZhw Ah\v \evIn (\ym-bm.16).
⁄m\tam (X-e), i‡ntbm (ssI-Iƒ) hn{K-l-ß-fn¬
ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v Ct∏mƒ
 1 iap-th¬ 5,6,7
btlm-hX - s∂ ZmtKms‚ {]XnjvTbv°v ico-c£
- Xw hcp-
Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
5:6˛9 Ah-cpsS hn{Klw am{X-a-√, AkvtXm-Znse P\-
߃ Xs∂ btlm-h-bpsS \ockw A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp-hm≥
XpS-ßn. Ah¿ kw{`m-¥nbpw aqe-°p-cp-hpw, ac-Whpw aqew
IjvS-s∏´p. \ncm-i-cmb s^en-kvXy¿ s]´Iw Ah-cpsS
henb ]´-W-ß-fn-sem-∂mb KØn-te°v sIm≠p t]mIp-
hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. Ahn-sS-bp-ff a\p-jy¿°pw aqe-°pcp
_m[n-®p.
5:10-˛12 s]´Iw Ft{Im\nte-°m-bt- ∏mƒ, Ahn-SpsØ
P\-߃ `b-hn-lz-e-cm-bn, At\-Isc sIm∂ ac-W-I-c-
amb Hcp ]cn-{`-a-Øm¬ Ah-cpsS `b-߃ km[q-I-cn-°-
s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. acn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-h¿ aqe-tcm-K-Øm¬
_m[n- X - c m- b n. s]´Iw bn{km- b n- t e°v aS°n
Ab°phm≥ Ah¿ At]-£n-®p.
3. s]´-Iw hos≠-Sp-°-s∏´p (A.6,7)
6:1˛6 Ggp-am-ksØ sNdnb kabw sIm≠v, s]´-I-
sØ-°p-dn-®p-ff icn-bmb Hcp t]Sn s^en-kvXy¿°p-≠m-
bn. AXp-sIm≠v AXp bn{km-tb-en-te°v aS°n Ab-
°p-hm≥ Ah¿ XmXv]-cy-s∏-´p. ]s£ A[nIw in£m-
hn[n Hgn-hm-°p-hm≥ AXns‚ DNn-Xa - mb \ne-bn¬ thWw
AXp sNøp-hm≥ F∂-h¿ B{K-ln-®p. AXn-\p-th≠n
Ah¿ PmXob ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-tcbpw {]iv\-°m-tcbpw
hcp-Øn. s]m∂p-sIm-≠p-ff A©p aqe-°p-cphpw s]m∂p-
sIm-≠p-ff A©p Fen-Ifpw {]mb-›n-Ø-ambn AYhm
AIr-Xy-h-gn-]m-Smbn h®p-sIm-≠v, s]´Iw Xncn-®-b-°p-
hm≥ Ah¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ \mi-Im-
c-W-ambsXt¥m, AXv hgn-]m-Smbn A¿∏n®v \jvS-]-cn-
lmcw hcp-Øn, Xß-fpsS ssZh-ßsf {]km-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xv
Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fen-s®-ffv ]c-
Øp∂ tcmK-amb tπKv (I-£-Ønepw Ig-bnepw \otcm-
Sp-IqSn hcp∂ tcmKw) Bbn-cp∂p B ]´-W-ßsf
_m[n® tcmK-sa∂v FenIsfIp-dn-®p-ff kqN-\-sIm≠v
thZ-]-Tn-Xm-°ƒ Nn¥n-°p-hm≥ Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. btlm-
h-bpsS `pP-Øm-ep-ff an{k-bn-ans‚ hn\m-i-sØ-∏‰n
Ahsc Hm¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v, an{k-bn-aycpw ^d-thm\pw Ah-
cpsS lrZ-b-ßsf ITn-\-am-°n-b-Xp-t]mse Xß-fpsS
lrZ-bß - ƒ ITn-\a- m-°msX, s]´Iw AXns‚ DNn-Xa - mb
ÿm\-tØ°p aS°n Ab-°p-hm-\p-ff {Iao-I-c-W-߃
sNøp-hm\pw ]ptcmlnX-∑m¿ Ah-tcmSv At]-£n-®p.
6:7˛12 Ah¿°p kw`-hn® A\¿∞-ß-sfm-s°bpw
btlm-h-bpsS in£m-hn-[n-bm-bn-cp-∂pthm AtXm bmZr-
›nbm kw`-hn-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂p-d-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm≥
th≠n, ssZhoI CS-s]-S¬ sXfn-bn-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬
hni-Z-am-bp-ff Hcp aS-°-bm-{X-bm-bn-cp∂p s^enkvXy
]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ {Iao-I-cn-®-Xv. h≠n hen-°p-hm≥ D]-
tbm-Kn® Id-h∏ - i
- p-°ƒ c≠pw sNdnb InSm-°f - p-ffhbm-
bn-cp-∂p. Ah-bpsS InSm-°sf ]pd-In¬ Dt]-£n-®m¬
]ns∂ {]Ir-Xym-bp-ff P∑-hm-k-\-I-sf√mw Ah ewLn-
°pw. Hcn-°epw \pIw h®n´n√mØ ]ip-°-fm-bn-cp∂p
Ah. F∂n´pw Ah c≠pw IqSn B \pI-Øn≥Iosg
297
CS-tØmt´m he-tØmt´m amdmsX \∂mbn h≠n-h-en-
®p. Bcpw \nb-{¥n-°msX Xs∂ B ]ip-°ƒ t\sc
sblqZm {]hn-iy-bn-ep-ff t_Øvti-sa-in-te°v t]mbn!
6:13-˛18 s]´Iw ASp-sØ-Øn-b-t∏mƒ t_Øvti-ay¿
sImbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \pIw h®n-´n-√mØ
c≠p ]ip-°ƒ ssZh-Øns‚ s]´Iw bn{k-tb-en-te°v
aS°n sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p∂p!˛F-s¥mcp ImgvN. P\w
kt¥m-jØ - m¬ B¿∏n-´p. B h≠n hnd-Im-bp-]t- bm-Kn®v
Ah¿ B ]ip-°sf btlm-hbv°v bmK-ambn A¿∏n-®p.
s]´-Ihpw {]mb-›nØ hgn-]m-S-S-ßp∂ sN√hpw Hcp
henb I√n-t∑¬ FSp-Øp-h-®p.
t_Øv t i- t a- i nse ]ip- ° - f psS IY- b n¬ Hcp
Bflob kmZriyw D≠v. {InkvXob anj-W-dn-am¿ hoSpw
IpSpw-_hpw hn´v I¿Øm-hns‚ ktµ-i-hm-l-I-cmbn CS-
tØmt´m he-tØmt´m amdmsX apt∂-dp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ahn-
izm-kn-Iƒ I¿Øm-hn-s\-Ip-dn®v tIƒ°p-tºmƒ kt¥m-
jn-°p-∂p. anj-\-dn-am¿ ip{iq-j-bv°mbn AYhm XymK-
Øn-\mbn Hcp-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
6:19-˛21 F∂m¬ t_Øvti-sa-iy¿ btlm-hb - psS s]´-
IsØ hnip-≤a - mbn IW-°m-°n-bn-√, Ah¿ s]´-IØn¬
t\m°n. AXns‚ ^e-ambn Ah-cn¬ A≥]-Xn-\m-bn-cØn
Fgp-]-Xp-t]sc ssZhw kwl-cn-®p. s]´Iw Xß-fpsS
at≤y Bbn-cn-°p-∂X - n¬ `b-s∏´ P\w, B s]-´Iw Ahn-
sS- \ n∂p sIm≠p- t ]m- I p- h m≥ Bh- i y- s ∏- ´ p- s Im≠v
IncyØv sbbm- c n- a n- t e°v ZqX- ∑ msc Ab- ® p.
(t_Øivtk-ay-cn¬ 50,070 t]¿ D≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂-
Xn¬ kwi-b-ap≠v. tPmko-^-kv(6), sIbn¬, sUen-jv(7)
F∂nhcpw a‰p-]e thZ-]-WvUn-X-∑mcpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-
∂-Xv, ]e F{_mb Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fnepw Aº-Xn-
\m-bncw C√m-ØX - p-sIm≠v tIhew Fgp-]X - p-t]¿ F∂p
]pkvX-I-Øn¬ hmbn-°Ww F∂m-Wv).
7:1˛6 s]´Iw IncyØv sbbm-cn-an¬ A_o-\m-Zm-_ns‚
`h-\-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h∂p; Ccp-]-Xp-h¿jw AX-hn-sS-
bm- b n- c p- ∂ p. Cu Ah- k - c - Ø n- e m- b n- c p∂p iap- t h¬
aptºm´p hcn-Ibpw btlm-h-bn-¶-te°p Xocn-bp-hm≥
P\sØ Blzm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. Aß-s\-sb-
¶n¬ i{Xp-°f - mb s^en-kvXy-cpsS Iøn¬ \n∂pw ssZh-
Øn-\h - sc hnSp-hn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v Ah≥ Ah-tcmSp
]d-™p. P\w hn{K-l-ßsf \o°n-I-f-™v, ankv]-bn¬
iap-th-en‚-b-Sp-°¬ H∂n-®p-Iq-Sn. AhnsS Ah¿ btlm-
h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ D]-h-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-X-]n-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. shffw tImcn `qan-bn¬ Hgn®v sIm≠m-
bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS A\p-Xm]w Ah¿ {]I-Sn-∏n-®-Xv.
7:7˛14 bn{km-tb¬ a°ƒ ankv]-bn¬ H∂n®pIqSn
F∂p s^en-kvXy¿ tI´-t∏mƒ, Ah¿ {]t£m-`Ø - n-s\m-
cp-ßp-I-bm-sW∂p [cn®p Ahsc B{I-an-®p. bp≤-Øn-
\p-th≠n Hcp-ßm-Xn-cp∂ bn{km-tb¬ P\w AXp-I≠p
]cn-{`-an-®p. Ah¿°p-th≠n a≤y-ÿ-X-b-W-bv°p-hm≥
Ah¿ iap-th-en-t\m-S-`y¿∞n-®-t∏mƒ, iap-th¬ btlm-
hbv°v Hcp k¿∆mwK tlmaw Ign-°p-Ibpw (te-hy¿°p
sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂Xv ˛ 1 Zn\ 23:26-˛31) {]m¿∞n-
298 1 iap-th¬ 7,8,9
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XXv^-e-ambn ssZhw henb CSn apg-
°n, i{Xp-°sf ]cm-Pb- s
- ∏-Sp-Øn, Aßs\ A∂v bn{km-
tb¬ Pbn-®p. AXns‚ kvac-W-sb-t∂mWw \µn kqN-
I-ambn iap-th¬ Hcp Is√-SpØp \m´n, AXn\p Gs_≥-
˛-G-sk¿ (k-lm-b-Øns‚ I√v) F∂v t]cn-´p. 13-˛mw
hmIy-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Hcp XmXvIm-enI hnP-b-am-
Wv. B hmIy-Øns‚ Ah-km\ `mKhpw 9:16 Dw AXp
hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Nne ÿe-߃ Cu ka-bØv Ah¿
hos≠-SpØp Ipd®p Ime-tØ°v bn{km-tb¬ Ab¬
cmPy-ß-fp-ambn kam-[m-\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
7:15-˛17 AXn-\p-tijw iap-th¬ ]cy-S\w \S-Øp∂
Hcp \ymbm-[n-]-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p; bn{km-tb¬ ]´-W-ß-fn-
ep-S-\ofw k©-cn®p btlm-h-bpsS \nb-a-{]-Imcw \oXn
\S-∏m°n h∂p. Xs‚ ]nXr-`-h\w cma-bn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p,
AhnsS Xm≥ Xma-kn-®p. AhnsS Hcp bmK-]oTw ]Wn-
Xp. Ct∏mƒ t\m_n-em-bn-cn-°p∂ btlm-h-bpsS bmK-
]o-T-Øn-te°v Xm≥ aS-ßm-Ø-sX-¥-∂pw, btlm-h-bpsS
s]´Iw A_o-\m-Zm-_ns‚ ho´n¬ Xs∂ h®n-cn-°p-hm≥
A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂pw ChnsS ]d-
b-s∏-´n-´n-√. F∂m¬ ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ ]≤-Xn-{]-
Im-c-a-√m-Xn-cp-∂n´pw ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠v ]e-Im-
cy-߃ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ {Ia-t°-Sp-I-fpsS Hcp
Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
]p\-cp-≤m-cW kw_-‘-amb Hcp ]T-\-amWv 7˛mw
A≤ymbw iap-th¬ F∂ a\p-jys\ BZyw ssZhw Fgp-
t∂¬]n-®p. Ah≥ P\sØ A\p-Xm-]-Øn-te-°pw, G‰p-
]-d-®n-en-te°pw, ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn-te°pw \S-Øn. Hcp
B´n≥Ip-´n-bpsS c‡-Øm¬ a≤y-ÿ-X-b-W® Ah¿
Aßs\ AhnsS hnP-bn-®p. (Im¬h-dn-bnse Ip™m-
Sns‚ Hcp \ng-emWv B B´n≥Ip-´n). hy‡n-KX DW¿∆n-
t‚-bpw, AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ tZiob DW¿∆n-t‚bpw ]Sn-
Iƒ Ch-bm-Wv.
F. Bh- i y- { ]- I mcw Xnc- s ™- S p- ° - s ∏´ Hcp
cmPmhv (A.8,9)
8:1˛5 iap-th¬ hr≤-\m-b-t∏mƒ Xs‚ c≠p-]p-{X-
∑msc Xs‚ ]n≥Km-an-I-fmbn \ymb-ÿm-\-Øm-°p-hm≥
{ian-®p. ]s£ Ah¿ ssI°qen hmßn,- \ymbw adn-®p-
I-fb
- p∂ A[¿Ωn-If - m-bn-cp-∂p. X\n°p apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂
Gen- s b- t ∏mse iap- t hepw ]p{X- ∑ msc Xß- f psS
Zp¿Ωm¿§ßfn¬ \n∂pw ]n¥n-cn-∏n-®n√; AXp-sIm≠v
Xs‚ `h-\hpw \nc-kn-°-s∏-´p. tbmth-en-t\bpw A_o-
bm-hn-t\bpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ bn{km-tb¬ aq∏≥am¿
Iq´m-°n-bn√; Ah¿°p-]-I-cw, a‰p-Pm-Xn-Iƒ°p-f-f-Xp-
t]mse X߃°pw Hcp cmPm-hns\ thW-sa-∂-h¿ Bh-
iy-s∏-´p.
8:6˛18 Xo¿®-bm-bpw, Xm≥ Xt∂ bn{km-tb-en\p cmPm-
hm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ssZh-Øns‚ B{K-lw.
temI-Øp-ff at‰-sXmcp PmXn-sb-t∏m-se-bp-am-Im-sX,
Xs‚ P\w hnip-≤-am-bn-cn-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ a‰p-
f-f-h-cn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-cm-Ip-∂-Xn\p ]Icw temI-
tØm-S-\p-cq-]-cm-Ip-hm-\mWv Ah¿ Xm¬]-cy-s∏-´-Xv. Ah-
cpsS At]£ tI´v iap-th¬ ZpJn-®p. F∂m¬ Ah¿
Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xp-t∏mse sNøp-hm≥ btlmh Ah-t\mSv
]d-™p. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ah¿ {]hm-N-I-s\-b√ btlm-
h-sb-bn-cp∂p XyPn-®-Xv. Ah-cpsS Xm¬]-cy-߃ AwKo-
I-cn® iap-th¬, Ah-tcmSp L\-ambn km£o-I-cn-®p.
F∂n´v Kuc-h] - q¿∆w FXn¿Øp-s°m-≠v, X߃°p e`n-
°p-hm-\n-cn-°p∂ cmPm-hns‚ \ymbw Ahsc Adn-bn-°p-
I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Npcp-°n-]-d-™m¬, P\-ßsf Zcn-{Zm-h-ÿ-
bn-em-°n-s°m≠v cmPmhv kzbw kº-∂-\m-Ip-I-bpw
ssk\oI tPmen-Iƒ°pw AXp-t]mse Km¿lnI tPmen-
Iƒ°pw Xß-fpsS bu∆-\-°m-cmb kv{Xo ]pcp-j-∑msc
Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ahsc ASn-aI - f
- m-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
AXp kXy-am-bn-cp-∂p. ImcWw cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS `cW
\nb-a-ß-fntem ssZhw AXn-\p-ff Icp-X¬ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ
sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cp∂p (Bh 17:14-˛20). F∂m¬ Xm≥
Xs∂ cmPm-hm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ssZh-Øns‚
]cn-]q¿Æ XmXv]cyw (8:7;12:12). hcp-sa∂v Xo¿®-bp-ff
ZpjvS-Xsb \nb-{¥n-°p-hm-\p-t±-in®v sIm≠p-f-f-Xm-bn-
cp∂p Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvX-I-Ønse Cu \nb-a-߃.
8:19-˛22 ap∂-dn-bn∏pIƒ Iq´m-°m-sX, P\w Xß-fpsS
Bh-iy-Øn¬ Xs∂ Dd®p \n∂-t∏mƒ, Ah-cpsS Bh-
iy-a-\p-k-cn®v Ah¿°v Hcp cmPm-hns\ hmgn-®p-sIm-Sp-
°p-hm≥ btlmh ho≠pw iap-th-en-t\mSp ]d-™p. B
{]hm-N-I≥ Ahsc At∏mƒ Xm¥ms‚ `h-\-ß-fn-te°v
]d-™-b-®p. Ah¿°v Ah-cpsS cmPm-hns\ DS-\Sn e`n-
°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
9:1˛14 s_\ym-ao≥ tKm{X-°m-c-\mb Ioins‚ aI≥
iu¬ Ct∏mƒ cwK-tØ°p hcp-∂p. A∏s‚ Igp-X-Isf
At\zjn°p∂ Ah-kc - Ø
- n¬, ASp-Øp-ff ]´-WØ
- nse
ssZh-]p-cp-jt\mSv Igp-X-Iƒ Fhn-sS-bp-s≠∂v At\z-
jn-°p-hm≥ iuepw Xs‚ Zmk\pw Xocp-am-\n-®p. Iøn¬
Hcp sNdnb kΩm-\-hp-ambn Ah¿ ]´-W-Øn-se-Øn.
AhnsS I≠ Nne _mey-°m-c-Øn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw, Ah¿
At\z-jn-°p∂ ssZh-]p-cp-j≥ (Z¿i-I≥) A∂v aX-]-
c-amb Nne NS-ßp-Iƒ°p-th≠n ]´-W-Øn¬ hcp-sa-∂-
h¿ a\- n-em-°n. Aßs\ Xnc-°n´v Ah¿ t]mIp∂
B bm{X-bn¬ Xt∂ ssZh-]p-cp-js\ I≠p-ap-´n. Aev]-
k-a-b-Øn-\p-f-fn¬ {]hm-N-I-\mb B ssZh-]p-cp-j≥
Xs∂bpw At\z-jn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v iuen\v a\-
 n-em-bn.!
9:15˛21 cmPm-hm-tI≠ hy‡n-bpsS ASp-tØ°v Xs∂
Ab°pw F∂v iap-th-en-t\mSv Xte Znhkw ssZhw
]d-™n-cp-∂p. iu¬ BIp∂p B hy‡n-sb∂v Ct∏mƒ
X\n°v shfn-s∏-´p. F¶nepw {]hm-N-I≥ AXv iuen-
t\mSv ]d-™n-√. BZyw Ah≥ Ahs\ Hcp hncp-∂n\p
£Wn-®p. ]qPm-Kncn (B-cm-[-\-bv°mbn th¿Xn-cn-°-∏-´-
ÿ-ew) km[m-c-W-bmbn hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bp-ambn _‘-
s∏´p InS-°p∂ Hcp ÿe-am-Wv, F∂m¬ ChnsS AXp
btlm-hsb Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ th¿Xn-cn-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
Dbcw IqSn-b-h\pw kuµ-cy-ap-f-f-h-\p-am-b, s_\y-ao≥
 1 iap-th¬ 9,10
tKm{X-°m-c≥ iuen-t\mSv, A∂p cmhnse hfsc {][m-
\-s∏´ Hcp hm¿Ø Adn-bn-°m-\p-s≠∂v {]hm-N-I≥ ]d-
™p. iuens‚ ZuXy-sØ-°p-dn®p ]d-bmsX Igp-XI - sf
Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw AXn-\m¬ Ah-sb-°p-dn®v
BIp-es- ∏-tS-≠X
- n-s√∂pw iap-th¬ ]d-™p. As√-¶n¬
Xs∂ Ipd®p Igp-X-I-fn¬ F¥n-cn-°p∂p? bn{km-tb-
sem-s°bpw B{K-ln-°p∂ Imcy-amWv Ah≥ kz¥-am-
°p-hm≥ t]mIp-∂X - v. Cu {]kvXmhw iu¬ hfsc Xmgva-
tbmsS ssIs°m-≠-Xm-bmWv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. bn{km-
tb-ense G‰hpw sNdnb tKm{X-am-bn-cp∂p s_\y-mao≥
tKm{Xw. Ah-cpsS A[¿Ω-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ aqew apºv Ah¿
FÆ-Øn¬ Adp-\q-dp-t]¿ am{X-ambn Npcp-ßn-bn-cp∂p
(\ymb 20).
9:22-˛27 hncp-∂p-im-e-bn¬ iap-th¬ iuen\v {][m\
ÿew sImSp- Ø p, IqSmsX X\n- ° mbn {]tXyIw
kq£n-®n-cp∂ amwkw hnf-ºp-Ibpw sNbvXp. sshIp-
t∂cw iap-th¬ iuep-ambn \o≠ kw`m-j-W-Øn-
te¿s∏-´p. ]ns‰ Znhkw ]´Ww hn´p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ `mhn®
iuens\ hnfn®p \n¿Øn, Ah-t\m-Sp-ff ssZh-Øns‚
Acp-f-∏mSv iap-th¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn.
II. \o°w sNø- s ∏- S p- ∂ - X p- h - s c- b p- f f
iuens‚ `cWw (A.10-˛15)
A. A`n-tj-Ihpw ÿnco-I-c-Whpw (A.10,11)
10:1˛6 Xe-bn¬ ssXew Hgn®v cl-ky-ambn iap-th¬,
bn{km- t b- e ns‚ cmPm- h mbn iuens\ A`n- t jIw
sNbvXp. ]utcm-lnXy ip{iqj Bcw-`n-®n-cp-∂Xv ssXem-
`n-tj-I-Øm-em-bn-cp∂p (tehy 2:12), AXp-t]mse Xs∂-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. ChnsS BZysØ cmPmhpw A`n-tjIw sNø-
s∏-´-Xv. ]pd-Imse Hcp s]mXp BtLmjw \S-Ø-s∏-
Spw. iuen-t\m-Sp-ff ssZhm-tem-N-\-bpsS ÿnco-I-c-W-
Øn\v aq∂v AS-bm-f-߃ \evIn: (1) dmtl-ens‚ I√-d-
bv°¬ h®v c≠p-t]¿ Xs∂ I≠p-ap-´n, A∏s‚ Igp-X-
Isf I≠p-In-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Adn-bn°pw; (2) s_tY-
en-se°p t]mIp∂ aq∂p-t]¿ Xmt_m-dnse Icp-th-e-I-
Øn-\-cn-sI-h®v Xs∂ I≠p-ap-´p-Ibpw Ah¿ c≠v A∏w
hoXw X\n°v \evIp-Ibpw sNøpw; (3) Xm≥ ssZh-Kn-cn-
bn-¶¬ FØp-tºmƒ Hcp {]hm-NI KWsØ ImWp-I-
bpw, At∏mƒ btlm-hb - psS Bflmhv Xs‚ ta¬ h∂n´v
Xm\pw {]h-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
10:7˛9 Cu AS-bm-f-ß-sf√mw kw`-hn-®-ti-jw, iu¬
Kn¬Km-en¬ sN∂n´v iap-th¬ hcp-hm≥ Ggp-Zn-hkw
ImØn-cn-°W- w, AXn-\p-tijw bmK-߃ Ign-°W - w. 2˛6
hmIy-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-ff F√m AS-bm-f-ßfpw
A∂p Xs∂ kw`-hn-®p, F∂m¬ Kn¬Km-ense kw`hw
]n∂o-SmWv \S-∂Xv (13:7˛15)
iu¬ hmkvX-h-ambpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´∂v 9˛mw hmIy-
Øn¬ \n∂pw Xocp-am-\n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Xs‚
]n¬°me Ncn{Xw shfn-hm-°p-∂Xp t]mse, bYm¿∞-
Øn¬ Ah≥ PUsØ A\p-k-cn®p Pohn-®-h-\m-bn-cp-
299
∂p. hy‡n-]-c-amb Hcp c£Wy \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ Ah≥
ssZhsØ Adn-™n-cp-∂n-√, F¶nepw ssZh-P-\-Øns‚
`c-W-I¿Ømhv F∂ HutZym-KnI ÿm\-tØ°v ]cn-ip-
≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ Xm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°s - ∏-´n-cp-∂p. as‰mcp hn[-
Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ Ah-s\mcp kXy-hnizmknbm-bn-cp-∂n√8
F∂v \mw hniz-kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw HutZym-Kn-Ia - mbn Ah-
s\mcp ssZh-a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p.
10:10-˛16 {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ ka¿∏n-°-s∏-´-hcpw XojvW-
X-bp-ff
- h
- c- p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah-cpsSbnS-bn¬ iu¬
{]h-Nn-°p-∂-Xp I≠-t∏mƒ P\w A¤p-X-s∏-´p-t]m-bn.
Cu kw`hw iuepw {]hm-NI - ∑
- m-cpsS Iq´-Øn¬ Btbm
F∂ Hcp ]g-s©m-√n\p Imc-W-am-bn. iuens\ kw_-
‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw, Xs‚ kz`m-h-Øn\p hncp-≤-am-bp-ff Hcp
{]hr-Øn-bn¬ Xm≥ hym]r-X-\m-b-Xp-sIm-≠v, A¤pXw
{]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp s]mXp kwkm-c-ambn AXp-am-dn.
iuens‚ Cf-b∏ - ≥ (\mw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂Xp t]mse Xs‚
]nXm-h-√) iap-th-ep-am-bp-ff Xs‚ N¿®sb tNmZyw
sNbvXp. Xm≥ iap-th-ens\ kµ¿in® Imcyw iu¬
]d-s™-¶n-epw, Xs∂ cl-ky-Øn¬ cmPm-hmbn A`n-
tjIw sNbvX-Xns\ Ipdn-s®m∂pw iu¬ ]d-™n-√.
10:17-˛19 CXn-\n-S-bn¬, iuens\ cmPm-hmbn A`n-
tjIw sNbvXX - n-s\-°p-dn®v hnfw-_cw sNøp-∂X - n\v iap-
th¬ ankv]-bn¬ P\sØ Hcp-an®v Iq´n. F∂m¬ AXv
Adn-bn-°p-∂X - n-\p-ap-ºv, an{k-bn-anse ASn-ah
- o-´n¬ \n∂pw
hnSp-hn®v hmKvZ-Ø-\m-´n-te°v Xßsf sIm≠p-h∂
ssZhsØ XyPn®v Hcp cmPm-hns\ hmgn®p Xtc-W-sa-
∂m-h-iy-s∏-´-Xns\ Hcn-°¬ IqSn Ahsc Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-
Øn. iuens\ Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ hn\bw sImt≠m
As√¶n¬ `bw sImt≠m Xm≥ Hfn-®n-cp-∂p. iu¬
F¥p-sIm≠v `b-s∏´p F∂-Xn\v \mep-Im-c-W-ß-fmWv
amXyp sl≥{Sn ]d-bp-∂Xv:
(1) hfsc henb DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øa
- m-bX
- p-sIm≠v AXn\p
X\n°v tbmKy-X-bn-s√∂v X\n-°p-Xs∂ tXm∂n-b-Xp-
sIm≠v; (2) Ab¬ cmPy-ß-fpsS Akq-bbv°v Xm≥
]m{X-am-Ip-Ibpw AXp X\n°v tZmj-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw
sNøpw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v (3) Hcp cmPm-hns\ Bh-iy-s∏-
´-Xp-sIm≠v bn{km-tb¬ ssZh-tØmSv ]m]w sNbvXn-cn-
°p-∂p-sh-∂pw, ssZhw Xs‚ tIm]-Øn-emWv Ah-cpsS
Bhiyw A\p-h-Zn-®-sX∂pw iap-th-ens‚ hm°p-I-fn¬
\n∂pw Xm≥ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v; (4) s^en-
kvXy¿ i‡n-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xpw, AtΩm-\y¿ X߃°p-
t\sc Hcp `oj-Wn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb bn{km-tb-ens‚
Ct∏m-gsØ Ahÿ \∂-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v Xm≥ `b-s∏-
´p. IqSmsX i‡-amb sImSp-¶m-‰n¬ bm{X sNøp-hm≥
X° ss[cy-ap-f-f-h-\m-bn-cn-°-W-am-bn-cp∂p Ah≥(9)
10:20-˛27- iu-ens\ sIm≠p-h∂p, Xß-fpsS cmPm-
sh∂ \ne-bn¬ P\-Øn\p ap≥]msI Ahs\ ]cn-N-b-
s∏-Sp-Øn, iuen-s\-t∏mse imco-cnI £a-X-bp-ff Hcp-
hs\ bn{km-tb-en¬ Is≠-Øp-hm≥ {]bm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p.
]cm-{I-a-im-en-I-fmb At\-I¿ Ah-t\mSp tNcp-Ibpw
Kns_-bm-bnse ho´n-te°p t]mb Xs∂ A\p-K-an-°p-
300 1 iap-th¬ 11,12,13
Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ F√m-hcpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw B
cmPm-hns\ ]n≥]-‰p-hm≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. Xs∂ [n°-cn®
Cu hnπ-hI - m-cn-If
- psS ap≥]n¬ iu¬ _p≤n-]q¿∆w kam-
[m-\-]-c-ambn CS-s∏-´p.
11:1˛5 KmZy¿°p-ff Ah-Imi `qan-bn¬ tbm¿±ms‚
Ing-°p-ff Hcp ]´-W-am-bn-cp∂p Knse-bm-Znse bmt_-
iv. sX°p Ing-°p-`m-KsØ Ab¬ cmPy-amb AtΩm-
\y¿ Cu ]´Ww D]-tcm-[n-®-t∏mƒ, Iog-S-ßp-∂-Xn-\p-ff
D]m-[n-Iƒ B tZi-\n-hm-kn-Iƒ ]d-™p. F∂m¬ Ah-
cpsS he- X p- I Æv Nqgv s ∂- S pØv Ahsc hnI- e mw- K -
cm°ns°m≠v bn{km-tb-en¬ Ahsc Hcp \nµm-hn-j-b-
am°n Xo¿°p-hm≥ \mlmiv B{K-ln-®p. A¤p-X-sa∂p
]d-bs´ klmbw tNmZn-®p-sIm≠v ZqX-∑msc Ab-°p-
hm≥ bmt_-inse aq∏-∑m¿°v AtΩm-\y¿ A\p-hmZw
\evIn. Hcp-]s£ \mlmiv icn°pw Hcp-ßn-bn-cp-∂n-√m-
bn-cn-°mw, As√-¶n¬ bn{km-tb-en¬ _m°n-bp-f-f-h¿
bmt_-ins\ klm-bn°pw F∂ `bw X\n°n√mbn-cp-
∂n- c n- ° - W w. Kns_- b - b n- t e°p ZqX- ∑ msc Ab- ® p,
AhnsS iu¬ At∏mgpw hb-en¬ the sNbvXp-sIm-
≠n-cn-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. bn{km-tb-ens‚ ]pXnb cmPm-hmbn
kzbw ka¿∞n-°p-hm≥ ]‰nb \√ Ah-k-c-am-bn-cp∂p
AXv!
11:6˛11 Htc¿ Imfsb sh´n-\p-dp°n Ij-W-ß-fm-°n,
Cßs\ hy‡-ambn `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp D]m-[n-bm¬
Ah≥ P\sØ apgp-h≥ bp≤-Øn-\mbn Iq´n-h-cp-Øn.
btlm-h-bpsS `oXn P\-Øns‚ ta¬ hoWp. bn{km-tb-
en¬ \n∂pw sblq-Zy-bn¬ \n∂p-ambn ap∂p-e£ - Øn ap∏-
Xn-\m-bncw t]sc ssk\y-Øn¬ tN¿Øv t_ti-°n¬
Iq´n hcp-Øn, cm{Xn apgp-h≥ bm{X sNbvXv Ah¿ bmt_-
in¬ FØn; AhnsS Ah¿ AtΩm-\ysc \nt»jw Xpc-
Øn-°-f-™p.
11:12-˛15 hnP-b-t`cn apg-°nb P\w, iuens‚ cmPXzw
BZyw AwKo-I-cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-hsc sIm∂p-I-f-hm≥ `mhn-
®p. F∂m¬ iu¬ Ahsc AXn¬ \n∂pw hne-°n.
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZhw \evInb hnP-b-Øn¬ Ah≥
kwXr-]vX-\m-bn-cp-∂p. A\-¥cw iap-th¬ P\sØ
Kn¬Km-en¬ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-´n, iuens‚ cmPXzw tZi-hym-]-
I-ambn ]p\x-ÿm-]n-®p. Cu ka-bØv bmsXm-cp-hn[
FXn¿∏p-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Bflob \ho-I-c-W-sØ-
bmWv Kn¬Km¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (tbm-ip.5:9)
B. P\-Øn-\p-ff imk-\bpw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw
(A.12)
12:1˛13 Kn¬Km-ense cmP-Xz-]p-\-ÿm-]\ NS-ßn-\p-
tijw iap-th¬ bn{km-tb¬ P\-tØmSp kwkm-cn-®p.
\ymbm-[n-]≥ F∂ \ne-bnse Xs‚ \oXn-bp-ff `c-
WsØ Ipdn®v BZyw Ahsc Hm¿∏n-®p. Xs‚ `c-W-
Øn¬ A\o-Xn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Btcm-]n-°p-hm≥
B¿°pw Ign-™n-√. F∂m¬ Hcp cmPm-hns\ Bh-iy-
s∏-´-Xn-eqsS bn{km-tb¬ Cu coXn-bn-ep-ff `c-W-tØ-
bpw, Ah-cp-sS-ta-ep-ff ssZho-Im-[n-]-Xy-tØbpw X≈n-
°-f-™n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Bh-iy-L-´-ß-fn-se√mw c£-I-
∑msc Fgp-t∂-ev]n-®p-sIm≠v ap≥Im-e-ß-fn-se√mw
ssZhw Ah-tcmSp IcpW ImWn-®p. 11-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬
ImWp∂ s_Zm≥ _mcm-°ns\ Bbn-cn°mw kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xv. (NKJV am¿Pn≥, sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v, kndn-bIv `mjm-
¥-c-߃ F∂nh t\m°p-I)(10)
tamsi apX-ep-ff c£-I≥am-cpsS ]´n-I-bn¬ iap-
th¬ Xs∂bpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ bn{km-
tb¬ ap≥Im-e-ß-fnse ssZh-Øns‚ Zb-bn¬ \µn-bn-
√m-Ø-h-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Hcp cmPm-hn-\p-th≠n ssZh-
tØmSp \ne-hn-fn-°bpw sNbvXp. ssZhw \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-
cn-eqsS {]h¿Øn-®-Xp-t]mcm F∂p P\-Øn\p tXm∂n-
b-Xp-sIm≠v Ah≥ Ah¿°p iuens\ cmPm-hmbn
sImSp-Øp.
12:14-˛18 Hcp cmPm-hns\ Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xn-eqsS Ah¿
ssZh-tØmSv Hcp henb ]m]w sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Ah¿
ssZhsØ A\p-kc - n-°p-sa-¶n¬, Ct∏mgpw Ah≥ Ahsc
A\p-{K-ln-°pw. A√m-Ø] - £w Ah¿ ssZh-tIm-]Ø - n\v
]m{Xo-`q-Xc - mbn Xocpw. AXn-\p-ff ssZho-Ia- mb Hcp sXfn-
sh∂ \ne-bn¬ iap-th¬ {]m¿∞n®p CSnbpw agbpw
hcp-Øn. AXv ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p-ff hy‡-amb Hc-S-bm-
f-am-bn-cp∂p Imc-Ww, tKmX-ºp-sIm-bvØns‚ ImeØv
AØcw CSnbpw agbpw D≠m-Im-dn-√, Xs∂-bp-a√ {]Ir-
Xn-bnse Hcp BI-kvanI kw`-h-am-bn-cn-°-Ø-°-hÆw
hfsc ka-b-¢n-]vX-X-bn-ep-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
12:19˛25 P\w F√mw CXp-I-≠p- `-b-s∏´p X߃°p-
th≠n {]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂v iap-th-en-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-
´p. \ymb-hn[n hcp-Ønb Xs‚ {]m¿∞-\bv°v ssZhoI
Icp-Wbpw hcp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-t\m-Sp-
ff _‘-Øn¬ btlm-hsb ]n≥]-‰m-\p-ff as‰mcp At]-
£-tbmSp IqSn-bm-Wv. Xm≥ adp-]Sn ]d-™X - v. \ymb-hn[n
Hgn-hm-°p-hm-\p-ff Hcp am¿§w AXm-bn-cp-∂p. iap-th-ens\
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw P\-Øn-\p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-°m-Xn-
cn-°p-∂Xv ]m]-ambncp∂p. {]m¿∞n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv
tIhew DZm-ko-\X am{X-a√ AXp ]m]-am-sW∂v Cu
{]kvXmhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
C. A\p-k-c-W-t°Spw Xnc-kvI-c-Whpw
(A.13-˛15)
1. iuens‚ ]m]-]-¶n-e-amb bmKw (A.13)
13:1 hnhn[ `mjm-¥-c-߃ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ H∂mw
hmIy-Øn¬ Nne _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ Df-fX - mbn a\- n-em-°mw.
Inßv Pbnwkv `mjm-¥c - Ø
- nepw \yp Inßv Pbnwkv `mjm-
¥-c-Ønepw C{]-ImcamWv hmbn-°p-∂Xv. iu¬ Hcp
h¿jw hmgvN \S-Øn, Ah≥ c≠p kwh-’cw bn{km-
tb-en¬ `cWw \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ... ...-Cw-•ojv dnsshkvUv
Ãm≥tU¿Uv th¿j-\nepw C{]-Im-c-amWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. \yp Ata-cn-°≥ Ãm≥tU¿Uv ss__n-fn¬ iu¬
hmgvN XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Ah\v \mev]Xp hb- m-bn-cp-∂p.
Ah≥ bn{km-tb-en¬ ap∏-Øn-c≠p kwh-’cw `cWw
\S-Øn. Nne sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v Cu hmIyw apgp-h-\mbpw Hgn-
hm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Cu {]iv\-k-¶o¿Æ-X-°v Imc-W-ambn
{][m-\-ambpw IW-°m-°p∂ hni-Zo-I-cWw Xmsg ]d-
 1 iap-th¬ 13,14
bp-∂-XmWv: ]n¬°m-eØv F{_mb ss__n-fn¬\n∂pw
]I¿Øn Fgp-Xn-b-h¿ A{i-≤-ambn Nne A£-c-߃
hn´p-I-f-™-XmWv Cu Bi-b-Ip-g-∏-Øn\p Imc-Ww.(11)
iuens‚ aI-\mb tbm\m-Ym\v bp≤-Øn\p t]mIm≥
X° {]mb-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂-
t∏mƒ iu¬ ]Iz-X-bp-ff Hcp a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
\ap-°-dn-bmw.
13:2˛5 aqhm-bncw t]c-S-ßp∂ Hcp ssk\y-\n-csb
iu¬ hm¿sØ-Sp-Øp. tbm\m-Ym≥, \nbp‡ ]´m-f-hp-
ambn sN∂v, sbcp-i-te-ans‚ hS-°v, tK_-bn-ep-≠m-bn-
cp∂ s^en-kvXysc B{I-an®p Iogvs∏-Sp-Øn. CXv, ]q¿Æ-
i-‡n-bp-sa-SpØv bp≤w sNø-Ø-°-hn[w hen-sbmcp
ssk\ysØ cq]o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ s^en-kvXysc t{]cn-∏n-
®p. (sk-]v‰-P‚ns‚ Nne ssIsø-gpØp {]Xn-I-tfbpw
kndn-b°v `mjm-¥-c-tØbpw B[m-c-am-°n-bp-ff Nne
`mjm-¥-c-ß-fn¬ 5˛mw hmIy-Ønse cY-ß-fpsS FÆw
3,000 F∂mWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv, 6000 IpXn-c-
t®-h-Isc sImf-fn-°p-hm≥ IqSp-X¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb
Hcp kwJy CX-s{X)(12)
13:6˛9 F{_mb¿ B sh√p-hn-fn-tbmSp {]Xn-I-cn-®Xv
hfsc `ocp-Xz-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Nne¿ tbm¿±ms‚
A°-scbv°p HmSn-t∏m-I-t]mepw sNbvXp. kzmX{¥yw
Gsd-°psd Akm-≤y-sa∂p tXm∂-Ø-°-hn[w Ah¿ h-
f-sc-°mew s^en-kvXy-cpsS \pI-Øn≥ Iogn-em-bn-cp∂p;
Ah-cpsS F√m \∑bpw s^en-kvXy¿ ssIh-i-am-°n-bn-
cp-∂p. Kn¬Km-en¬ iap-th-ens\ ImØn-cn-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp∂
iuens‚ (10:8 ImWp-I) ASp°¬ \n∂pw Bfp-Iƒ
Hmtcm-cp-Øc - mbn s]mgn™p s]mbvs°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Ggmw
Znh-k-am-bn´pw iap-th-ens\ I≠n-√. tehy-\-√mØ
X\n°v bmKw \S-Øp-hm≥ A[n-Im-c-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p,
F¶nepw Xs‚ IqsS-bp-ff P\w hn´p-]n-cn-bp∂p F∂-dn-
™p-sIm≠pw, bp≤w hfsc ASp-Øn-cn-°-sIm≠pw
iu¬ ss[cy-s∏´v tlma-bmKw A¿∏n-®p. iap-th¬ hcp-
hm≥ sshIn-sb¶n¬ t]mepw ]utcm-lnXy ]Z-hn-bn-
te°v AXn-{I-an®p Ib-dnb iuen\v \ymbo-Ic - W- ß- s - fm-
∂p-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
13:10-˛14- bmKw Ign™ DSs\ FØn-t®¿∂ iap-th-
en-\v, iu¬ bmKw \S-Øn-sb∂p a\- n-em-bn, {]_-e-
sa∂p tXm∂p∂ \ymbo-I-c-W-߃s°m∂pw iu¬
ssZh- t ØmSp A\p- k - c - W - t °Sp ImWn- ® p- s h∂
bmYm¿∞ysØ am‰n adn-bv°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.
C°m-cW - Ø - m¬ iuen\v Xs‚ cmPXzw \jvSa- mbn Xs‚
lrZ-b-{]-Im-c-ap-ff as‰mcp hy‡nsb ssZhw CXn-t\m-
SIw Xs∂ Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. bn{km-tb-ense knwlm-
k\w \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ Iem-in® Cu sX‰v iuens‚
Pohn-X-Ønse At\Iw ]m]-ß-fn¬ BZy-tØ-Xm-bn-cp-
∂p. a‰p NneXv Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv. XnSp-°-Øn-ep-
ff Xs‚ kXy-{]-Xn⁄ (A.14). Aam-te-Iy-cp-am-bp-ff
bp≤-Øn¬ sImgpØ arK-ßt- fbpw BKm-Kn-t\bpw Poh-
t\msS tijn-∏n-®-Xv. (A.15) Alo-a-te-°n-t\bpw a‰p
F¨]-Øn-\mep ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-tcbpw h[n-®Xv (A.22).
Zmho-Zns\ h[n-°p-hm≥ ]e-h´w {ian-®Xv (A.18-˛26); G≥-
301
˛-tZm-cn¬ shfn-®∏
- m-SØ
- nsb ImWp-hm≥ t]mbXv (A.28).
13:15-˛23 iu¬ Adp-\qdp t]sc Iq´n Kns_-bm-bn¬
tbm\m-Yms‚ ASp-°¬ sN∂p. s^en-kvXy¿ anIvam-
kn¬ \n∂pw Aev]w AI-se-bmbn ]mf-b-a-Sn®v hS-°pw,
]Sn-™m-dpw, Ing°pw H‰p-t\m-°p-Imsc Ab-bv°p-I-bpw,
bn{km-tb¬ \n -lm-b-cmbn Ign-bp-∂p-sh∂v Is≠-Øp-
Ibpw sNbvXp. bn{km-tb-en¬ \n∂pw F√m sIm√-∑m-
tcbpw \o°w sNbvXp-sIm-≠v, s^en-kvXy¿ hf-sc-
°mew bn{km-tb-ens‚ ]q¿Æ \nb-{¥Ww Gs‰-Sp-Øn-
cp-∂p. F{_m-b¿ Xß-fpsS Irjn-bn-S-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-
°p∂ Bbp-[-߃ Im®n-∏m≥ s^en-kvXy-cpsS ASp-
°¬ sNt√-≠n-h-∂p. Ipd-®p-t]-cpsS Iøn¬ am{Xta
Bbp-[ß - ƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-ff
- q. kml-Nc
- y-ßs
- f√mw cq£-
am-bn-cp-∂p.
2. iuens‚ {[pX-K-Xn-bp-ep-ff {]Xn-⁄-Iƒ (A.14)
14:1-˛15 Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ AekX I≠n-´v, tbm\m-
Ym≥ Xs‚ Bbp-[-hm-l-I-t\m-sSm∏w s^en-kvXysc
B{I-an-°p-hm≥ Bcp-a-dn-bmsX ]pd-s∏-´p. CXv [n°m-c-
]-c-amb Hcp G‰p-ap-´-tem, hnÕn-Ø-amb Hcp Bfl-l-
Xym-{i-atam Bbn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp henb hnPbw X\n°v
Hcp-°nsImSp-t°-≠-Xn\v tbm\m-Ym≥ ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v
t\m°n. Ah¿ c≠p-t]¿ am{Xta D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-
ffXv A{X Imcy-am-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√. tbm\m-Yms‚ ]q¿Æ
hnizmkw CXm-bn-cp-∂p. A[nIw sImt≠m Aev]w
sImt≠mc£n-∏m≥ btlm-hbv°v {]bm-k-an-√-t√m.
tbm\m-Yms‚ hnizm-k-Øn\v {]Xn-^ew e`n-°pw. s^en-
kvXy¿ Xs∂ apI-fn-te°v kzmKXw sNøp-IbmsW¶n¬
˛ Hcp ]s£ Hfn-t®m-Sn-t∏mb Hcp ]´m-f-°m-c-\m-sW∂p
hnNm-cn-®p-sIm-≠mImw ˛ X\n°v hnP-b-ap-≠mIpw F∂v
ssZhw Ah\p ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. “Ctßm´p Ibdn
hcp-hn≥” F∂p s^en-kvXy¿ ]d-™-bp-Ss\ tbm\m-
Ym≥ Ah-cpsS ]´m-f-Øns‚bSp-tØ°v Ib-dn-s®-√p-
Ibpw s]´∂v Ah-cn¬ Ccp-]-Xpt]sc ]qgn-bn¬ X≈n-
bn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Poh-t\msS tijn-®-h¿ HmSn-t∏m-b-
t∏mƒ, s^en-kvXy¿ ]mf-b-ß-fn¬ henb Bi-b-°p-g-
∏-Øn\v Imc-W-am-°nb `qIºw ssZhw Ab-®p. s^en-
kvXy-tcmSv Cßs\ sNøp-∂-Xn\v tbm\m-Ym-t‚bpw
(hm.6) Xs‚ Bbp-[-hm-l-I-t‚bpw (hm.7) hnizmkw
am{Xw ssZh-Øn\p aXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. iuens‚ t`mjXzw
hnP-b^ - ew Ipd-®p-If
- ™p F∂Xv Zu¿`m-Ky-am-bn-t∏mbn!
14:16-˛23 iuens‚ Imh¬°m¿ {i≤n-®-t∏mƒ ]pcp-
jmcw Aßp-anßpw HmSn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xp-I-≠p. iuen-t\mSp
sN∂p hnhcw Adn-bn-®p. Ah¿ FÆn t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ
tbm\m-Ym\pw Xs‚ Bbp-[-hm-l-I\pw C√ F∂p a\-
 n-em-bn. btlm-h-tbmSp Acp-f-∏mSp tNmZn-t°-≠-Xn\v
ssZh-Øns‚ s]´Iw sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ ]ptcm-ln-X-\mb
Aln-bm-hn-t\mSv iu¬ ]d-™p. (sk-]v‰z-Pn‚ v `mjm-
¥-csØ ]n≥Xp-S-cp∂ NKJV am¿Pn\n¬ s]´Iw F∂-
Xn\p ]Icw Gt^mZv F∂mWv sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. (13)
s]´Iw At∏mgpw IncyØv sbbm-cn-an¬ Bbn-cn-°m-\m-
bn-cp∂p km≤y-X) F∂m¬ i{Xp-°-fp-sS-bn-S-bnse
302 1 iap-th¬ 14,15
Iem]w ta¬°p-ta¬ h¿≤n-®p-hc - p-∂Xv I≠-t∏mƒ Xs‚
ssI hen-°p-hm≥ iu¬ ]ptcm-ln-X-t\mSp ]d-™p ˛
F∂p h®m¬ ssZh-lnXw At\z-jn-°p-∂Xp aXn-bm-
°pI F∂¿∞w (hm.19). ssZh-amWv s^en-kvXysc
Xs‚ Iøn¬ G¬∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥
Hcp ssZhoI \S-Øn∏v X\n°v Bh-iy-an-√ F∂p IqsS-
bp- f - f - h ¿°v a\-   n- e m- ° n- s Im- S p- Ø p- s Im≠v Ah≥
P\sØ AWn-\n-c-Øn. ssZhw bn{km-tb-en-\p-th≠n
bp≤w sNøp-∂p-sh∂v a‰p-f-f-h¿°pw a\- n-em-bn. apsº
s^en-kvXy-cmb bPam\-∑m-tcmSv tN¿∂p. Ah-tcm-Sp-
IqsS ]mfb-Øn¬ h∂n-cp∂ F{_m-b-cpw, IqSmsX
F{^bnw ae-If - n¬ Hfn-®n-cp-∂h - ¿ t]mepw ]pXp-ss[cyw
Dƒs°m≠v bp≤-Øn¬ ]¶p tN¿∂p. hnPbw GXm≠v
kp\n-›n-X-amb Ah-k-c-Øn¬ bp≤w sNøp-hm-\mWv
F√m-hcpw B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv, F∂m¬ G‰p-ap-´-en\v
XpS°w Ipdn-°p-hm≥ tbm\m-Ym≥am¿ FhnsS?
14:24-˛30 hnPbw s]´∂p Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xn-\v, bp≤w
Xocpw- h-sc, k‘ybv°v apºv Blmcw Ign-°-cp-sX∂v
iu¬ P\-sØs°m≠v XnSp-°-Øn¬ kXyw sNøn-®n-
cp-∂p. Ah≥ Hcp im]w sIm≠v Xs‚ B⁄ ap{Z-bn-
´n-cp-∂p. hni-∏p-aqew P\w Xf¿∂p, Aßs\ Ah≥
Ahsc Hcp {]mXn-Iq-ey-Øn-em-°n-Xo¿Øp. Xs‚ ]nXm-
hns‚ B⁄sb Ipdn-®-dn-bmsX tbm\m-Ym≥, i‡n
hos≠-Sp-°p-hm≥ Aev]w tX≥ `£n-®p. B im]sØ-
°p-dn-®h- t\mSp ]d-™t- ∏mƒ, CØcw t`mj-Øa - mb Hcp
Iev]\ sIm≠v bn{km-tb-ens‚ hnP-bm-Àm-Z-Øn\v
XS w t\cn-´p-sh∂v ]d™v Ah≥ ZpxJn-®p.
14:31-˛42 iuens‚ \nb-{¥-W-߃ tbm\m-Yms\
tIm]m-Ip-e-\m°n F∂p am{X-a√ P\sØ A]-I-S-Øn-
em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. bp≤w Ah-km-\n-®-t∏mƒ P\w
sImf-fbv°v HmSn-s®-∂p. BSp-am-Sp-Isf AdpØp c‡-
tØm-Sp-IqsS `£n-®p. CXv tehy 17:10-˛14, Bh.12:23-
˛25 hmIy-ß-fpsS ewL-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. CtX-°p-dn-®-dn™
iu¬, P\sØ imkn-°bpw icn-bmb \ne-bn¬ amwkw
AdpØp `£n-°p-hm≥ Hcp henb I√v ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. IqSmsX Ah-s\mcp bmK-]o-Thpw ]Wn-Xp.
AXp Ah≥ btlm-hbv°p BZyw ]WnX bmK-]oTw
Bbn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ XojvWX-bn¬ B cm{Xn-bnepw s^en-
kvXysc ]n≥Xp-S-cp-hm≥ iu¬ B{K-ln-®-Xp-sIm≠v
ssZh-tØmSv Btem-N\ tNmZn-°p∂ Imcyw ]ptcm-ln-
X-∑m-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p. F∂m¬ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw
Acp-f-∏m-sSm∂pw X\n°p e`n-®n-√. bn{km-tb¬ ]mf-b-
Øn¬ ]m]-ap-s≠∂v AXn-\m¬ iu¬ a\- n-em-°n. Cß-
s\-bp-ff kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ km[m-cW sNøm-dp-ffXp-
t]mse Ip‰-°m-cs\ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ No´n-´p, iuens\
A¤p-Xs - ∏-Sp-Øp-amdv No´v tbm\m-Y\p hoWp. No´p hoW-
X-\p-k-cn®v Ip‰-°m-c-\-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p.
14:43-˛46 kw`-hn-®-sX√mw tbm\m-Ym≥ hnh-cn®p ]d-
™p. F∂m¬ Xm≥ A]-am-\n-X-\mbn Xocm-Xn-cn-∏m≥
iu¬, tbm\m-Yms\ sIm√p-hm≥ DØ-c-hn-´p. F∂m¬
cmPmhv ImWn-®-Xn-t\-°mƒ Zb P\w Ah-t\mSp ImWn-
®p. Cu henb hnPbw bn{km-tb-en\p e`n-t°-≠-Xn\v
ssZh-tØmSp IqsS {]h¿Øn® hy‡n-b-√tbm tbm\m-
Ym≥? bp≤-Øn¬ hfsc i‡-amb \ne-bn¬ ssZhw
Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn® ÿnXn-°v, iuens‚ im]w ewLn-
®-Xn\v ssZhw Ah-t\mSv tIm]n-°ptam? C√, tbm\m-
Ym≥ acn-°p-I-bn-√. Aßs\ A\¿l-amb Hcp ac-W-
Øn¬\n∂pw B hoc-]p-cp-j≥ c£-s]-´p. F∂m¬ A\m-
h-iy-amb CØcw t`mj-Xz-ß-fn¬ iu¬ hym]r-X-\m-bn-
cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ s^en-kvXy¿ Xß-fpsS ÿe-
tØ°v aS-ßn-t∏m-bn. Cßs\ c≠mw {]mh-iyhpw
iuens‚ A⁄X \nanØw hnPbw sNdp-Xm-bn-t∏m-
bn.
14:47-˛52 iuens‚ Nne bp≤ hnP-b-ß-fpsS cXv\
Npcp-°-amWv 47,48 hmIy-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. ASpØ aq∂p hmIy-Øn¬ Xs‚ IpSpw-_-sØ-
°p-dn-®p-ff hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-fmWv \evI-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
bn{km-tb-en-se hoc-]p-{X-∑msc cmPmhv ssk\oI tkh-
\-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn°pw F∂p-ff iap-th-ens‚ {]h-N-\-
Øns‚ \nh¿Øn-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-km-\-hmIyw (1 iap
8:11).
3. iuens‚ A]q¿Æ A\p-k-cWw (A.15)
15:1-˛3 iu¬ Xmtg°v hgp-Xn-s]m-bvs°m-≠n-cn-°-bm-
bn-cp-∂p. ASn-Ø-´n-te°v ASp°pw tXmdpw AXns‚
thKX h¿≤n-®p. F¥p-sN-øp-hm≥ Ahs\ Gev]n®mepw
]q¿Æ-ambn A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Xm≥ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p.
an{kbnw hn´v acp-`q-an-bn¬ Np‰n-Øn-cn™v bm{X-sNbvX
F{_m-bsc ]Xn-bn-cp∂v \njvIc - pWw B{I-an® P\-amb
Aam-te-Iysc sIm∂p-I-f-bp-hm≥ ssZhw Iev]n-®Xv Cu
A≤ym-b-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p (Bh 25: 17-˛19). B Iev]\
hfsc hy‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. Poh-\p-ff F√m-‰n-t\bpw \in-
∏n-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p, Imc-Ww, Ah ssZh-Øn\v ka¿∏n-
°-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ Zo¿L£a aqew Nne
h¿j-ß-fn-te°v Aam-te-Iysc kw_-‘n-®p-ff \ymb
hn[n ssZhw am‰n- h®p. F∂m¬ Ah¿s°-Xn-cm-bp-ff
Xs‚ hm°v Xm≥ am‰n-bn-√. (]pd:17:14-˛16; kwJy 24:20)
Ah-cpsS ]m]-Øn-\p-ff in£-sb-t∂mWw Ah¿ D∑q-
e\w sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
15:4˛12 iu¬ ]S-P-\sØ Hcp-an-®p-Iq´n Aam-te-Iy-
cpsS Hcp ]´-W-Øns‚ sX°p-`m-K-Ømbn sN∂p. ]´-
WsØ B{I-an-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv, tI\y-tcmSv c£-s]-´p-
sImƒhm≥ Bh-iy-s∏´p; ImcWw an{k-bn-an¬ \n∂pw
]pd-s∏-´p-h∂ bn{km-tb¬ P\-tØm-Sv, tZim-¥-cn-I-fmb
Cu anZym-\y¿ Zb ImWn-®n-cp-∂p. shdpsX Iq´-s°me
\S-Øp-hm≥ iu¬ Xm¬]-cy-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. t\sc adn®v,
ZpjvS-∑m-cpsS taep-ff ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-Imcw \S-∏n¬
hcp-Øp-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p Xm≥ sNbvXs- X-∂mWv Cu kw`hw
ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. sImf-f-bn¬ hnti-j-am-b-Xn-t\bpw Aam-
teIy cmPm-hn-t\bpw HgnsI _m°n F√m-‰n-t\bpw
iu¬ Xs‚ hmfn- \ n- c - b m- ° n. (a- s ‰- h n- s S- t b- ¶ nepw
]m¿°p∂ Nne-sc-¶nepw c£-s]-´n-cn-°m≥ km≤y-Xb - p≠v
30:1-˛6, 2iap 8:12; 1Zn\ 4:43 apX-em-bh t\m°p-I).-iu-
ens‚ Cu A\p-k-c-W-t°Sv ssaep-Iƒ°-∏p-d-Øm-bn-cp-
 1 iap-th¬ 15,16
∂- i-ap-th-ens\ btlmh Adn-bn-®p. Cu hnj-b-tØm-
Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ Akz-ÿ\ - m-bn-Xo¿∂ iap-th¬ cm{Xn
apgp-h≥ {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ Nne-h-gn-∏m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\mbn
Xo¿∂p. Xm≥ sNtø-≠-sX-¥∂v {]`m-X-am-b-t∏mƒ
X\n°v hy‡-am-bn.
15:13-˛35 iu¬ Xs‚ hnPbw BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn-\v,
Kn¬Km-en-te-°p-ff bm{X-bn¬, hgn-at≤y Hcp kvamcIw
]Wn-Xp. F∂m¬ iap-th¬ Imcy-߃ hyXy-ÿ-amb
\ne-bn-emWv I≠-Xv, A\p-k-c-W-t°Sp ImWn-®-Xn\v
Xm≥ iuen-s\-Xnsc i‡-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-®p. iap-th¬
h∂-t∏mƒ iuen\v \ymb-hm-Z-߃ Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂n√;
]t£ Xs‚ ]cm-P-b-Øns‚ i_vZw {]hm-N-Is‚ ImXp-
I-fn-se-Øp-Ibpw iuens‚ F√m \ymb-ßfpw Im‰n¬
]d-Øp-Ibpw sNb-vXp. Xf-fn-°-f-™n-cn-°p∂p! CXv
iu¬ apºv tI´n-´p≠v (13:14). sR´n-∏n°p∂ hn[w i‡-
amb \ne-bn¬ B i_vZw ho≠pw apg-ßn. ssZhw ]d-
™Xv \√-sX∂p Nn¥n-°msX Xs‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ \√-
sX∂p tXm∂p∂ Imcy-߃ sNbvXp-sIm-≠v, iu¬,
ssZh-Øns‚ Iev]-\-Iƒ F√m-bvt∏mgpw ]p\¿\n¿Æ-
bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ChnsS Hc-\p-Xm-]-Øns‚ {]I-S-
\sams° ImWn® iu¬ Xs∂ Dt]£n-°-cp-sX∂v
iapthent\m-S-`y¿∞n-®p. iap-th¬ t]mIp-hm≥ {ian-®-
t∏mƒ, iu¬ {]hm-N-Is‚ hkv{X-Øn¬ ]nSn-®p. AXp
IodpI t]mepw sNbvXp. iuens‚ cmPXzw X∂n¬
\n∂pw \o°n at‰m-cmƒ°p sImSp°pw F∂-Xns‚ Hc-S-
bm-f-am-bn-cp∂p CXpw.
btlm-hsb \a-kvI-cn-∏m≥ t]mb iuens\ A\p-K-
an-®-ti-jw, BKm-Kns\ Xs‚-b-Sp-°¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥
iap-th¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´p. Xs∂ sIm√p-Ib - n-√∂p Icp-Xnb
BKm- K v, kt¥m- j - ` m- h - t ØmsS, “acW- ` oXn
\oßnt∏mbn” F∂p ]d™p sIm≠v (hm.32) iap-th-en-
s‚-b-Sp-°¬ h∂p. iap-th¬ Ahs\ Xp≠w Xp≠-ambn
sh´n-°-f-™p. iuens‚ ]cm-P-b-tam¿Øv htbm-[n-I-
\mb B \ymbm[n-]≥ ]n∂o-Sp-ff Pohn-X-Imew apgp-
h≥ `mc-s∏´p Ign-™p. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ iuens\ bn{km-
tb-en\p cmPm-hm-°n-b-Xp-sIm≠v btlmh t]mepw A\p-
X-]n-®p.
22-˛mw hmIyw \mw a\-∏m-T-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. CXv ssZh-
h-N-\-Ønse hninjvS kmln-Xy-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. BZyw,
Ah-km-\w, Aßs\ F√m-bvt∏mgpw A\p-kc - Ww Bh-
iy-am-Wv. ssZhsØ tkhn®v Ahs\ {]km-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-
h-cpsS Hcp {]tXyI hm°m-Wn-Xv. G¿Uvam≥ AtX-°p-
dn®v Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:
A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xp bmK-tØ-°mfpw \√Xv F∂
hm°p-I-fn¬ B Nn¥ Hcp ]pXnb `mhw ssIs°m-≈p-
∂p. AX-√msX thsdm∂pw ssZhsØ {]km-Zn-∏n-∏m≥
]cym-]vX-a-√. a\- ns‚ Hc-\p-k-cW at\m-`mhw am{Xta
AXn¬ Xs∂ \√-Xm-bn-´p-f-fq. A{]-Im-c-ap-ff Hcp at\m-
`m-h-an-√mØ bmKw \√-X-√. AXn\v bmsXm-cp-hn[
[m¿ΩnI aqey-hp-an√ ... ... ]c-am¿∞-Øn¬, A\p-k-c-W-
t°Spw AXns‚ ^e-am-bp-ff adp-X-en-∏pw, [n°m-c-]q¿∆-
303
am-bp-ff kzm{i-b-hpw, Zp¿a-{¥-hm-Z-Øns‚ _mly-amb
ZpjvSXbp-ambn Htc [m¿ΩnI \ne-hm-c-amWv ]pe¿Øp-
∂-Xv. AXm-bXv ssZh-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb kmØm\y i‡n-
I-tfbpw hn{K-l-ß-tfbpw tkhn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ssZhXzw
Btcm-]n-°p-∂-XmWv Zp¿a-{¥-hmZw (sI-bv¬)(14).
29-˛w, 35-˛w hmIy-߃ ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ambn ImW-
s∏-Smw. BZysØ hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p, ssZhw Hcn-
°epw Xs‚ a\ v amdpIbn-√, AYhm A\p-X-]n-°-
bn√; F∂m¬ c≠m-asØ hmIyw ]d-bp-∂p, iuens\
cmPm-hm-°n-bX - n¬ Xm≥ A\p-X]
- n-®p. ssZh-Øns‚ ASn-
ÿm\ kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv 29-˛mw hmIyw ]d-bp-∂-
Xv. ssZhw am‰-an-√m-Ø-h\pw amdn-°q-Sm-Ø-h-\pw, A\-
iz-c-\p-am-Wv. 35-˛mw hmIyw A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv iuens‚
kz`m-h-Øn-ep≠mb hyXym-k-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-ambn
Ah-s\-°p-dn-®p-ff ssZhoI ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°pw Dt±-iy-
߃°pw ssZhw hyXymkw hcp-tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-
bn-cp∂p F∂-t{X. ssZh-Øns‚ kl-P-KpWw \ne-
\n¿tØ-≠Xn\v A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-hsc A\p-{K-ln-°bpw
[n°-cn-°p-∂-hsc in£n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv Bh-iy-
am-bn-cp-∂p.
III. iuens‚ acWw hsc-bp-ff Zmho-
Zns‚ PohnXw (A. 16-˛30)
A. iap-th-en-\m-ep-ff A`n-tj-Iw (16:1˛13)
16:1˛3 iap-th¬ iuens\ Ipdn®p ZpxJn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p-tºmƒ, iuens\ Xm≥ X≈n-°-f-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂
bmYm¿∞yw Dƒs°m-f-fp-hm≥ ssZhw iap-th-en-t\mSp
]d-™p; Xs‚ P\sØ `cn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw as‰m-cp-hs\
sXc-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. iap-th¬ t_Xve-tl-an¬
sN∂v, bn»m-bn-bpsS a°-fn¬ Hcp-hs\ cmPm-hmbn A`n-
tjIw sNø-Ww. NXn-hn\p Xpey-a√ cl-kyw. t_Xve-
tl-an¬ sN∂v Xs‚ BK-a-t\m-t±-iysØ Ipdn®v I≈w
]d-bp-hm≥ ssZhw iap-th-en-t\mSp ]d-bp-Ib
- m-bn-cp-∂n√;
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ah≥ AhnsS Hcp bmKw Ign-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. F∂m¬ ]pXnb cmPm-hns\ A`n-tjIw sNøp-
∂Xv Hcp clky hnj-b-am-bn-cp-∂p, At\I h¿j-ß-fn-
te°v AXp ]c-ky-am-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
16:4˛13 iap-th¬ t_Xvet- l-an-te°v sN∂-t∏mƒ, ]´-
W-Ønse aq∏-∑m¿ `b-s∏-´p. bn»m-bn-tbbpw a°-tfbpw
bmK-Øn\v £Wn-®n-´v, Xs‚ ap≥]n¬ \n¬°p-∂-XmWv
ASpØ cmPmhv F∂ Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØm-sS, Hmtcm-cp-
Ø-sc-bmbn hcpØn Xm≥ I≠p; F∂m¬ Ah-cmcpw
ssZh-Øm¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°s - ∏-´h
- c
- m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AIsØ
a\p-jy-t\mfw {]m[m\yw ]pd-ta-bp-ff a\p-jy-\n√ F∂v
iuens\ cmPm-hmbn Xnc-s™-SpØ Xs‚ A\p-`h - Ø
- n¬
\n∂pw iap-th¬ a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp∂p (13:14).
ssZhw lrZ-b-ß-sf-bmWv t\m°p-∂Xv (hm.4) 7˛mw
hmIy-Ønse XXzw F√m-bvt∏mgpw kXy-amWv; a\p-jy¿
]pd-ta-bp-ff hkv{X-[m-cW- h
- pw, kz`m-hc - o-Xnbpw I≠v hn[n-
°p-∂p. F∂m¬ C∂v h≥tXm-Xn-ep-ff am≤y-a-߃
BI¿j-I-amb hy‡n-Isf ]c-ky-ß-fnepw sSen-hn-j-
\n-epw, ]{X-am-kn-I-I-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v sX‰mb
304 1 iap-th¬ 16,17
coXn-bn-ep-ff Cu _mly-{]-I-S-\-ßsf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-
°p-∂p. km[m-c-W-°m¿°v Xß-fm-bn-cn-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-
bn¬ Xr]vXn-tXm-∂mØ hn[w AXncp IS∂ Hcp coXn-
bm-Wn-Xv. iu¬ s]m°-ap-ff Ccp-\n-d°
- m-c\
- mb Hcp kpµ-
c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ZmhoZpw ImgvN°v kpap-
J-\m-bn-cp∂p (hm.12). ]s£ henb ip{iq-j-Iƒ sNøp-
∂-Xn-t\m-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ Ah≥ Xosc sNdp-∏-am-bn-cp-
∂p. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬, k`m am≤y-a-ß-fn¬ {]tXy-In®pw
sSen-hn-j-\n¬ A≤ym-fln-I-Xbv°v Du∂¬ sImSp-°m-
sX, sSen-hn-j≥ Xmc-߃ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ \mi-
Øn¬ Iem-in-°p∂ D]-cn-π-h-amb •ma-dn-\m-Wv, ]e-
t∏mgpw {]m[m\yw Iev]n-°p-∂-Xv.
hncp-∂n\v Zmho-Zns\ sIm≠p-h-tc-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
bn»m-bn-bpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ Zmho-Zn\v A{X {]m[m-\y-an-√m-
bn-cp∂p, ImcWw {]hm-N-I\v Ah-\n¬ XmXv]-cy-ap-≠m-
I-bn-√∂v X\n°v Dd-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ B CS-b-sN-
dp-°-\n¬ ssZh-Øn\v hfsc XmXv]-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-
Øns‚ hm°-\p-k-cn®v iap-th¬ Zmho-Zns\ A`n-tjIw
sNbvXp. btlm-h-bpsS Bflmhv A∂p-ap-X¬ iuens\
hn´p Zmho-Zns‚ta¬ h∂p. iuens‚ IncoSw ZmhoZv [cn-
°p-∂-Xn\v h¿j-߃°p apºm-bn-cn°pw CXv \S-∂-Xv,
F¶nepw Cu Znhkw apX¬ cmPXzw Zmho-Zns‚ t]cn¬
Dd-∏m-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.
B. iuens\ ip{iq-jn-°p∂p (16:14-˛23)
Cu kabw Zpcm-flmhv _m[n-°s∏´ iu¬ Gsd-
°psd am\-kn-I-\ne sX‰n-b-h-s\-t∏m-se-bm-bn-Xo¿∂p.
“btlmh Ab® Zpcm-flmhv” F∂ ]Z-{]-tbmKw hni-Z-
am-°p-∂-Xv, ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv Ah≥ sNøp∂p
F∂ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. B cmPm-hns‚ {]iv\w Xmsg
]dbpw hn[-amWv tUm. sd≥Un¬ tjm¿´v hni-I-e\w
sNøp-∂-Xv.
s]´∂v a\- n-Sn-bp∂ _p≤n-{`-a-Øns‚ DZm-Ø-amb
Hcp DZm-l-c-W-amWv iu¬ cmPm-sh∂v tcmK \n¿Æbw
sNø-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. {]tXyI Imc-W-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√msX CS-
bv°nsS sIme-]m-X-I-]-c-ambn A{I-am-k-‡-am-Ip∂
XnI®pw aqI-X-bpsS Ime-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p AXv; Aß-s\-
bp-ff X\n-s°-Xnsc P\-߃ Btcm-]n-°p∂ anYym-{`aw
kv]jvSa- m-Wv.(15)
iuens‚ taep-ff Zpcm-flmhv im¥-am-tI-≠-Xn\v
kwKo-X-Øn¬ {]mho-Wy-ap-ff Hcmsf Is≠-Øp-hm≥
iuens‚ tkh-I¿ \n¿t±-in®p. Aßs\ Zmho-Zns‚
t]cv \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw iu¬ Ahs\ hcp-Øp-hm≥
Bf-b-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tKmeym-Øns\ t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn-
\p-apºv Xs∂ ZmhoZv X\n-s°mcp t]cv kºm-Zn-®n-cp-∂p-
sh∂v 18-˛mw hmIyw ImWn-°p-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Ahs‚
kwKoXw sIm≠v cmPm-hns\ Xs‚ \ncm-i-bn¬\n∂pw
D≤-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. iuen\v Ahs\ hf-
sc-b-[nIw CjvS-s∏-´-Xp-sIm-≠v, ZmhoZv Xs‚ Bbp-[-
hm-l-I-\mbn \nb-an-®p.
C. tKmeym-Øns\ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p (A.17).
17:1˛11 KØn¬ \n∂v hf-sc-b-I-se-b-√m-sX, bcp-i-
te- a n\v sX°p- ] - S n- ™ mdv ÿnXn- s N- ø p∂ Gem-
Xmgvhcbv°v kao]w bp≤-Øn-\mbn s^en-kvXy¿ Xß-
fpsS ssk\ysØ Hcp- a n®p Iq´n. iuepw Xs‚
ssk\yhpw Gem Xmgvhcbv°p kao]w adp-Ic - b
- n¬ ]mf-
b- a n- d - ß n. tKmeymØv F∂p t]cp- f f Hcp a√≥
s^enkvXy ]mf-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw Cd-ßn-h-∂v, X\n-s°-
Xnsc \n¬∏m≥ Hcp-hs\ Ab-t°-≠-Xn\v Znh-tk\
sh√p-hn-fn®v sIm≠n-cp-∂p. \mev]Xp Znhkw Ah≥
bn{km-tb-ens\ sh√p-hn-fn-®p. F∂m¬ Bcpw Xs∂
tKmeym-Øp-ambn bp≤w-sN-øp-hm≥ apt∂m´p h∂n-√. a√-
\mb Cu tKmeymØv H≥]Xv ASn, H≥]Xv C©v s]m°-
ap-f-f-h-\pw, Ipd-™-]£w 175 dmج Xq°w hcp∂
Bbp[w [cn- ® - h - \ p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Ahs‚ Ccpºv
Ip¥Øn\v am{Xw ]Xn-\-©p-dm-Ø-en¬ IqSp-X¬ Xq°-
ap-≠v. Ah-\p-Xs∂ Gsd-°psd 600-˛\pw 750-˛\pw CS-bn-
√p-ff dmج Xq°-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬, `mcn® Bbp-
[-߃ Ah-s\mcp {]iv\-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. (A-hs‚ ico-cm-
\p-]m-Xa - \
- p-kc
- n®v IqSmt\ km[y-Xb - p-ff
- p). AXp-sIm≠v
Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ ]Xn-∑-S-ßv i‡n Ah-
\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
17:12-˛30 Hcp {]mh-iyw, ZmhoZv ssk\y-Øn-ep-ff Xs‚
aqØ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°v aq∂p t]¿°p-ap-ff Blm-c-hp-
ambn sN∂-t∏mƒ, a√-\mb tKmeym-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-
fnbpw F{_mb ]S-bm-fn-I-fpsS apJsØ ]cn-{`-ahpw
ImWp-hm≥ CS-bm-bn. arKo-b-ambn hºp-]-d-bp∂ Cu
a√s‚ hmb-S-bv°p-∂-h\v F¥p sImSp-°p-sa∂v ZmhoZv
tNmZn-®p. Xs‚ aqØ ktlm-Z-c-\mb Gen-bm_v AXp-
tI´v Ahs\ imkn-®p. Hcp-]-s£, Xs‚ `ocpXzw aqSn-h-
bv°p-∂X - n-\p-th-≠n-bmImw Aßs\ sNbvXXv; F∂m¬
B a√s\ sIm√p-∂h - \v e`n-°p∂ {]Xn-^e
- sØ Ipdn®v
ZmhoZv At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.
17:31-˛40 bn{km-tb-en-\p-th≠n bp≤w sNøp-hm≥ Hcp
_mey- ° m- c s\ I≠p- a p- ´ n- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂ hm¿Ø
iuen\v e`n-®p. Aßs\ Zmho-Zns\ Ah‚-b-Sp-°¬
sIm≠p-h-∂p. F∂m¬ Zmho-Zns\ I≠p-I-gn-™-t∏mƒ,
B ]øs‚ Ign-hn¬ iuen\v kwibw tXm∂n. F∂m¬
knwl-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ic-Sn-bn¬ \n∂pw Xs‚ B´n≥Iq-
´sØ c£n® Zmho-Zn-\v, ssZh-Øns‚ i‡n X∂n-eqsS
hym]-cn-°p-∂Xv a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v. Xm≥
cl-ky-ambn ssZhsØ ]co-£n-®d - n-™n-´p-≠v. AXn-\m¬
Ct∏mƒ ]c-ky-ambn Ah-\n¬ B{i-bn-°p-hm≥ X\n°p
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ ss[cyhpw \n›b Zm¿Uyhpw
I≠n´v iu¬ Xs‚ ]S-®-´-sb√mw Ducn Zmho-Zn\p
\evIn, F∂m¬ ZmhoZv AXp Xnc-kvI-cn-®p. ImcWw
AX-hs - \mcp XS- a - m-bn-cp-∂p. ]S-®´- bv°p ]Icw Iøn¬
Hcp Ihn-Wbpw an\p- -ap-ff A©p-I-√pw, Hcp hSn-bpw,
IqSmsX Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚ i‡n-bp-a-S-ßp∂
Bbp-[-hp-ambn Ah≥ tKmeym-Øn\p t\sc sN∂p!
17:41-˛54 B ka-b-Øv, GI-tZiw Ccp-]Xp hb- p-
 1 iap-th¬ 17,18,19
am{Xw {]mbw ImWp-am-bn-cp∂ Zmho-Zns\ I≠-t∏mƒ,
tKmeym-Øns‚ tIm]w Pzen-®p. ImcWw Xs‚ ZrjvSn-
bn¬ tIhew Hcp inip- h m- b n- c n- ° p∂ Zmho- Z ns\
Xt∂mSp bp≤w sNøp-hm-\-b-®p-sIm-≠v bn{km-tbey¿
Xs∂ ]cn-lk - n-°p-Ib
- m-sW∂v Ah\p tXm∂n. F∂m¬
B a√s‚ im]-hm-°p-I-tfmSp {]Xn-I-cn® Zmho-Zns‚
apJØv bmsXm-cp-hn[ `bhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ssZhw
X\n°v Pbw \evIp-sa-∂p-ff ]q¿Æ-hn-izmkw Zmho-Zn-
\p-≠m-bncp-∂p. tKmeymØv Xs‚ t\sc hcp-∂Xp I≠-
t∏mƒ, ZmhoZv BZysØ Is√-SpØp Ihn-W-bn¬ h®v
Npg-‰n-sb-dn-™p, AX-hs‚ s\‰n-bn¬ sN∂p-sIm-≠p.
B a√≥ \neØp Ihn-Æp-ho-Wp. ZmhoZv B s^en-
kvXys‚ Xs∂ hmƒ FSp-Øp, Ahs‚ Xe sh´n; CXp
I≠ s^en-kvXy¿ HmSn-t∏m-bn, bn{km-tb¬ Ahsc
cq£ambn ]n≥Xp-S¿∂v B{I-an-®p.
17:55-˛58 Cu hmIy-ß-fn-¬(16) Hcp {]iv\-ap-f-f-Xmbn
ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. iu¬ Zmho-Zns\ Xs‚ Bbp-[-hm-l-I-
\mbn CXn-t\m-SIw \nb-an-®n-cp-∂p, (16:21), F∂n´pw
iuen\v Ahs\ a\- n-em-Im-ØXv A¤p-Xa - m-bn-cn°p∂p.
F¥mbncp-∂m-epw, B bph {]Xn` Bcm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
iuen\v Adn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂√ ChnsS ]d-™n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv, adn®v “Ah≥ BcpsS aI-\m-sW∂p am{Xta tNmZn-
°p-∂p-f-fp. Zmho-Zns‚ IpSpw-_-]-›m-Øew iu¬ ad-
∂p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. hneywkv AtX-°p-dn®p
Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:
hnP-bn-bpsS IpSpw-_-sØ, \nIp-Xn-bn¬\n∂pw Hgn-
hm-°p-I-bpw, \√ kv{Xo[-\-tØm-Sp-IqsS Xs‚ aIsf
Abmƒ°p hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp-°p-sa∂v iu¬
hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Bb-Xn-\m¬ Zmho-Zns‚ ]nXm-
hns\ Ipdn®pw kaq-lØ - nse Xs‚ ÿm\sØ Ipdn®pw
Dff hnh-c-߃ A_vt\-cn-t\mSv tNmZn-®Xv kzm`m-
hnIambn-cp-∂p...(17)
cmPmhns‚ acp-a-I-\m-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ tbmKy-\√
F∂v (18:18) ZmhoZv ]ns∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-eqsS Cu
hkvXpX ÿnco-Ic - n-°p-∂X
- mbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXn-t\m-
Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ ssa°nƒ {Kn^nXvkv Hcp \√ {]kvXm-
h\ \evIn-bn-´p-≠v.
tbm\m-Ym\pw (A.14) Zmho-Zpw, Ah¿ c≠p-t]cpw
Bbn-cp∂ Ah-ÿb - nse sNdnb ap∂-Wn-bn¬ Xß-fpsS
{]hrØn XpS-ßn-h-®p, F∂m¬ Ah¿ XpS-ßn-h-®Xv
henb hnP-bØ - n-\p-Im-cW
- a
- mbn Xocp-Ib
- m-bn-cp-∂p. {]mtZ-
inI Xe-Øn¬ Hcp the-ÿew Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v
\tΩm-Sp-ff _‘-Ønepw CXp-t]m-se-bp-ff Bh-iy-I-
X-bp-≠v. i{Xp-ssk-\ysØ H∂-S¶w ]nSn-®-S-°m-sa∂v
{]Xo-£n-°-cp-Xv, F∂m¬ \mw Aßs\ sNtø-≠-Xn-√.
\nß-fpsS “apºn¬” Xs∂ I¿Øm-hns‚ the Hcp-°-
s∏-´n-´p-≠v. \mw Bbn-cn-°p∂ ÿm\-ß-fn¬ ss[cy-
tØmsS I¿Øm-hns‚ the Bcw-`n-∏m-\m-bmWv \mw
hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS {]hr-Øn-bpsS ^e-ambn
ap∂-Wn-bn¬ bp≤w Ie-i-em-Ip-tºmƒ, _m°n Imcy-
߃ ssZhw t\m°n-s°m-f-fpw(18)
305
D. aoJ-fns\ hnhmlw sNøp∂p (A.18)
18:1˛5 tbm\m-Ym\pw ZmhoZpw XΩn¬ Bg-ta-dn-bXpw
\ne-\n-ev°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kulr-X-_‘w thK-Øn-ep-
≠m-bn. bYm¿∞ ss[cy-Øns‚ A]q¿∆ KpW-ap-ff
kam-\-kz-`m-h-ap-ff hy‡n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ Ccp-h-cpw.
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ]nXm-hns‚ knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ A\-¥-
cm-hI- min tbm\m-Ym-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw, X\n°p ]Icw
Zmho-Zns\ cmPm-hmbn A`n-tjIw sNøp-∂-Xn-\v, Xs‚
Ah-Imiw Dt]-£n-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v,
Xs‚ tae¶n Ducn Zmho-Zn\v sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Xm≥
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
18:6˛16 H∂n\p ]pdsI H∂m-bn, ZmhoZv bp≤-ß-fn¬
hnP-bn-®t- ∏mƒ, iu¬ Atß-b‰w Akq-bm-ep-hmbn amdn.
bn{km-tb-en-se kv{XoIƒ Xt∂-°mƒ t{ijvT-amb
ÿm\w ZmhoZn\v \evIn, Ahs\ ]pI-gvØn-s°m≠v
]m´p ]mSn-b-t∏mƒ, Ahs‚ tIm]w Pzen-®p. Nne-b-h-
k-c-ß-fn¬ Xn∑sb in£n-°p-hm≥ ssZhw Xn∑-Xs∂
D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp≠v; AXp-sIm-≠mWv Hcp Zpcm-flm-hn-\m¬
]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ iuens\ A\p-h-Zn-®Xv (hm.10).
hy‡n-]-c-ambn Zmho-Zns\ sIm√p-hm≥ c≠p {]mhn-iyw
cmPmhv {ian-®p. F∂m¬ c≠p {]mhn-iyhpw ZmhoZv c£-
s∏-´p. A\-¥cw iu¬ Zmho-Zns\ kl-{k-[n-]\ - mbn \nb-
an-®p. Hcp ]s£ s^en-kX v y-cp-am-bp-ff bp≤-Øn¬ ZmhoZv
sIm√- s ∏- t ´°mw F∂v {]Xo- £ n- ® p- s Im- ≠ mImw
Aßs\ sNbvX-Xv. (C-Xn\p apºv CXn-t\-°mƒ henb
Hcp Npa-Xe hln-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂p tXm∂p-∂p.) F∂m¬
btlmh Zmho-Zn-t\mSp IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ hnP-
b-߃ bn{km-tb-ens\ apgp-h≥ X∂n-te°v BI¿jn-
®p.
18:17-˛30 s^enkvXy a√s\ sIm√p-∂-bmƒ°v cmPm-
hns‚ aIsf hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp-°p-sa-∂p-ff
hmKvZm-\-{]-Im-cw, iuens‚ aqØ-a-I-fmb tac-_ns\
Zmho-Zn\p \evIp-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. F∂m¬ Xm≥ IqSp-
X¬ hnP-b-߃ t\tS-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hn[-Øn¬
ZmhoZv sIm√-s∏-Sp-sa∂v iu¬ hnNm-cn-®p. cmPm-hns‚
acp-a-I-\m-bn-cp-∏m-\p-ff kmaq-lnI tbmKyX X\n-°n√
F∂v ZmhoZv ]d-™t- ∏mƒ, Xs‚ aIƒ tac-_ns\ iu¬
as‰m-cp-h\v `mcy-bmbn sImSpØp; Zmho-Zns\ Xcw-Xm-gvØp-
hm≥ {ian-°p∂ Hcp am¿§-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww AXv.
F∂m¬ iuens‚ Cf-b-a-I-fmb aoJƒ Zmho-Zns\
kvt\ln-®p. s^en-kvXy-cpsS A{K-N¿Ω-߃ kv{Xo[-
\-ambn \evIm-sa-¶n¬ Ahsf Zmho-Zn\v hnhmlw sNbvXp
sImSp°m-sa∂v iu¬ kΩ-Xn-®p. s^en-kvXy-cpsS
Iøm¬ ZmhoZv sIm√-s∏-Sp-sa∂v ho≠pw iu¬ {]Xo-
£n-®p. F∂m¬ A{X Ffp-∏-Øn¬ \in-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-
h-\m-bn-cp-∂n√ Zmho-Zv. hnNn-{X-amb B kv{Xo[-\-Øns‚
Cc´n \evIn-sIm≠v ZmhoZv anJ-fns\ kz¥-am-°n. Zmho-
Zns‚ XpS¿®-bm-bp-ff ssk\oI hnP-b-߃, ssZhw
Xt∂mSv IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂X - ns‚ hy‡-amb sXfn-
hm-bn-cp∂p. Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp-ff iuens‚ hntZz-jhpw
`bhpw h¿≤n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p.
306 1 iap-th¬ 19,20
iu¬ Zmho-Zns\ ]n¥p-S-cp∂ ÿe-߃
E. iuen- s ‚- b - S p- Ø p- \ n∂pw HmSn- t ∏m- I p∂p
(A.19-˛26)
1. tbm\m-Yms‚ Bflm¿∞X (A.19-˛26)
19:1˛7 Xs‚ ]nXmhp Zmho-Zns\ sIm√p-hm≥ a\x-
]q¿∆w {ian-°p-∂p-sh-∂-dn™ tbm\m-Ym≥, Xs‚ cmPm-
hns\ km¥z-\n-∏n-°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ hb-en¬ Hfn-®n-
cn-°p-hm≥ Zmho-Zn-t\mSv ]d-™p. Zmho-Zns\ km[q-I-cn-
®p-sIm≠v iuep-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ Zmho-Zns‚
ss[cy-tØ-bpw, hniz-kvX-tXbpw, bn{km-tb-ens‚ i{Xp-
°- f p- s S- t a- e p- f f Ahs‚ Pb- t Øbpw tbm\m- Y m≥
iuens\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®p. ac-Wt- bm-Ky-amb Imcy-ßs - fm∂pw
Ah≥ sNbvXn-´n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ X¬°m-e-tØ°v
iu¬ im¥-\m-Ip-Ibpw Zmho-Zns\ X¬ÿm-\-tØ°v
]p\x-ÿm-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
19:8˛10 F∂m¬ ho≠pw bp≤w s]m´n-∏p-d-s∏-´-t∏mƒ
Zmho-Zns‚ hy‡n-{]-`mhw ]ns∂bpw Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-Sp-
Ibpw Aßs\ iuens‚ Akqb DtØ-Pn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-
Ibpw sNbvXp. iuens‚ ta¬ Zpcm-flmhv h∂n-´v, Ah≥
Ip¥w sIm≠v Zmho-Zns\ Nph-tcmSv tN¿Øv IpØp-hm≥
t\m°n. CXv aq∂m-asØ Xh-Wb - m-bn-cp∂p iuen\v ]ng-
®-Xv. ZmhoZv IjvSn®v c£-s∏-´p.
19:11-˛17 B cm{Xn-bn¬ Xs∂ Zmho-Zns\ Xs‚
ho´n¬h®v sIm√p-hm≥ th≠n iu¬ cmPmhv Xs‚ ZqX-
∑msc Ab-®p. B KqUm-tem-N-\-tb-°p-dn®v Adnhp
In´nb aoJƒ, Xß-fpsS Krl-_nw-_-sa-SpØv Ahs‚
I´n-en¬ InS-Øn-bn´v Ahs\ c£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p klm-
bn-®p. (ZmhoZv Hcn-°epw Hcp hn{K-lm-cm-[n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√,
AXn-\m¬ Cu _nw_w Ah-fp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-°m-\mWv
km≤y-X) Zmho-Zns\ ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-hc- p-hm≥ iu¬ Bf-
b-®-t∏mƒ Ah-fpsS X{¥w s]mfn-™p.
19:18-˛23 F∂m¬ At∏m-tg°pw ZmhoZv c£-s∏-´n-cp-
∂p. Xm≥ iap-th-ens\ ImtW-≠-Xn\v cma-bn-te°v HmSn-
t∏m-bn. hnj-a-L-´-ß-fn¬ ssZh-P\w a‰p ssZh-P-\-ß-
fpsS ASp-°-te-°mWv t]mIp-∂-Xv. aq∂p {]mhn-iyhpw
iuens‚ ZqX-∑m¿°v Zmho-Zns\ ]nSn-°m≥ Ign-™n-√.
ImcWw iap-th-en-t\mSv IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ {]hm-NI
kwL-Øns‚ ASp-°¬ Ah-sc-Øn-b-t∏mƒ, ssZhmfl
\nb-{¥-W-Øn-emb Ah¿ {]h-Nn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn.
]n∂oSv iu¬ Xs∂ Zmho-Zns\ ]nSn-°p-hm≥ h∂p.
Ah\pw ssZh-i-‡n-bm¬ ]nSn-°-s∏-´p. Iog-S-°p∂ Cu
ssZho-I-i‡n GXm-bmepw am\-km¥cw t]mse-bp-ff
Hcp Imcy-a-√.
19:24 iuepw {]hm-NI KW-Øn¬ F∂ ]g-s©m√v
Hcn-°¬IqSn P\-߃ Bh¿Øn-®p. (10:11,12). iuens‚
Nm©m-Sp∂ kz`mhw P\sØ Ipg-bv°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
ChnsS “\·X” F∂ hm°n\v ]q¿Æ-ambpw hnh-kv{X-
cm-bn-cp∂p F∂¿∞-an-√. iu¬ Xs‚ cmP-Xz-Øns‚ AS-
bm-f-amb _mly-h-kv{X-߃ Ducn-sh®p F∂p am{Xta
AXn-\¿∞-ap-f-fq. ssZh-Øm¬ ]nSn-°-s∏-´v, iu¬ cm∏-
I¬ apgp-h≥ {]h-Nn®v Ah-i-\mbn InS∂ ka-bØv
ZmhoZv c£-s∏´p (20:1)
“iapth¬ Poh-]-cy¥w iuens\ ]ns∂ I≠n√”
F∂p]-d-bp∂ 15:34,35 hmIy-߃°v hncp-≤-ambn´pff
H∂√ 24-˛mw hmIyw. ChnsS iu¬ Bbn-cp∂p {]hm-N-
Is‚ ASp-°-te°p h∂Xv, AXp XnI®pw A{]-Xo-£n-
X-am-bn-cp-∂p, a\-]q¿∆-a-√m-bn-cp∂p Xm\pw.
20:1˛3 \tømØv hn´ ZmhoZv, tbm\m-Ym-s‚-b-Sp-°¬
hcp-I-bpw, Xs∂ \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ iu¬ C{X-am{Xw
XmXv]cyw Im´p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v Is≠-Øp-
hm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Zmho-Zns\ \in-∏n-°p-hm≥
iu¬ \nc-¥cw ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-sØ-°p-dn®v
{]Xy-£-Øn¬ tbm\m-Ym\v bmsXmc-dn-hp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
ZmhoZpw tbm\m-Ym\pw XΩn-ep-ff kvt\l-_‘w \ne-
\n¬°p- ∂ - X p- s Im- ≠ mWv Xs‚ ]≤- X n- I - s f- ° p- d n®v
tbm\mYm-t\mSv ]d-bm-Ø-sX∂v ZmhoZv hni-Z-am-°n.
20:4˛9 ZmhoZv A]-I-S-Øn-emtWm A√tbm F∂p
hy‡-am-°p∂ ]co-£Ww \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-´p. amk-Øn-
sem-cn-°¬ \S∂p hcp∂ cmP-Iob hncp-∂n¬ ]s¶-Sp-
°msX ZmhoZv Hgn-™n-cn-°pw. ZmhoZv ]s¶-Sp-°m-Ø-Xn-
s\-°p-dn®v iu¬ At\z-jn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Ah≥
B≠p-tXm-dp-ap-ff bmK-Øn\v t_Xve-tl-an¬ t]mbn-cn-
°p-I-bm-sW∂v tbm\m-Ym≥ ]d-bWw (Cu bm{Xsb
Ipdn®v thZ-]p-kvXI - Ø- n¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´n-s√-¶nepw AXp
kXy-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°W- w. AYhm tIhew AsXmcp I≈-
am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, ssZh-Øm-ew-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-SmØ Hcp
hkvXp-X-bmbn AXp tIhew tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p
 1 iap-th¬ 20,21
F∂p am{X-ta-bp-f-fq) iu¬ CXn-t\mSv {]Xn-Iq-en-°p-
∂n-s√-¶n¬ ZmhoZv kpc-£n-X\
- mWv F∂p a\- n-em-°mw.
F∂m¬ ZmhoZv Hcn-°¬IqSn Xs‚ Ic-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw
c£-s∏-´p-sIm≠v cmPmhv tIm]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Zmho-
Zns‚ PohnXw A]-I-S-Øn-em-sW∂v tbm\m-Ym\v a\-
 n-em-Ipw.
20:10-˛17 aq∂mw\mƒ hb-en-te°v t]mIp-hm\pw ap≥\n-
›-bn-°-s∏´ Hcp AS-bmf D]m-[n-bm¬, Imcy-߃ F{]-
Im-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Zmho-Zns\ Adn-bn-°m-sa∂v
tbm\m-Ym≥ hm°p-sIm-Sp-°pIbpw sNbvXp. A\-¥-c-
^ew Adn-™p-sIm-s≠-t∂m-Ww, ZmhoZv A[n-Im-cØ - n¬
hcp-tºmƒ Xt∂mSpw Xs‚ KrltØmSpw btlm-hb - psS
Zb ImWn-°p-sa∂v tbm\m-Ym≥ ]d-™p. ZmhoZv cmPm-
hmbn Xocp-sa∂v tbm\m-Ym≥ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn 14-
˛17 hmIy-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ X\n°p e`n-
t°-≠n-bn-cp∂ cmPXzw Zmho-Zn\v e`n-°p-sa-∂-dn-™n´pw
Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp-ff Xs‚ kvt\lw ho≠pw ÿnco-I-cn-°p-
I-bm-Wv. F{X \nkzm¿∞-amb `‡n.
20:18-˛23 cmPm-hns‚ at\m-`mhw Fs¥∂v a\- n-em-
°phm-\p-ff ASbm-fsØ Ipdn-®mWv Cu hmIy-ß-ƒ
hni-Z-am-°p-∂-Xv. tbm\m-Ym≥ hb-en-te°v sN∂v ZmhoZv
Hfn-®n-cn-°p∂ ]mdbpsS Acn-In-te°v Nne Aºp-Iƒ
Føpw. Asº-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p-hc - p∂ _mey-°m-tcmSv Xm≥
hnfn-®p-]-d-bp∂ Zni-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Zmho-Zn\v
HmSn-t∏m-I-tbm, sIm´m-c-Øn-te°v kpc-£n-X-\mbn aS-
ßn-h-cn-I-tbm, F¥mWv th≠-sX∂v a\- n-em-°mw.
]n∂oSv tbm\m-Ym≥ Zmho-Zn-s‚-b-Sp-°¬ t\cn-´p-sN∂
Ah-t\mSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-tºmƒ, Zmho-Zp-
ambn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øp-hm≥ Cu hn[ A`n-\-b-
߃ \S-Øn-bs - X-¥n-\m-sW∂v \ap°v AXn-ibw tXm∂n-
tb-°mw. F∂m¬ Bcpw ImWmØ Zmho-Zp-ambn _‘-
s∏-Sp-hm≥ X\n°v Ign-bp-sa∂v tbm\m-Ym\v Adn-bn-√m-
bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw.
20:24-˛34 hncp-∂ns‚ BZy cm{Xn-bn¬ ZmhoZv hcm-Ø-
Xn-s\-°p-dn®v iu¬ H∂pw ]d-™n-√. BNmc {]Imcw
Aip-≤-\m-b-Xp-sIm-≠mImw Ah≥ hcm-Ø-sX∂v Xm≥
Nn¥n-®p. F∂m¬ c≠mw Znhkw ZmhoZv hcm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-
Xn-s\-°p-dn®v tbm\m-Ym-t\mSp tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ, ZmhoZv
t_X-e-tl-an¬ t]mbn-cn-°-bm-Ip∂p F∂-dn™v iu¬
tIm]w sIm≠p Pzen-®p, Xs‚ kz¥ e÷°v AΩsb
BZ-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p∂ B a\p-jy-t\mSv kulr-Z-Øn-em-
bn-cn-°p∂ tbm\m-Yms\ Ah≥ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ahs‚
`mj hfsc ]cp-°-\m-bn-cp-∂p, IqSmsX Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp-
ff Xs‚ hntZzjw Hcp \nan-j-tØ°v Xs‚ aI-\mb
tbm\m-Ym-\n-te°v amdn-bn´v Ahs\ Nph-tcmSv tN¿Øv
IpØp-hm-s\m-cp-ßnb Ahs‚ acymZ AXnepw ]cp-j-am-
bn-cp-∂p.
20:35-˛42 aq∂mw Znhkw cmhnse kµ¿t`m-Nn-X-amb
AS-bmfw \evI-s∏-´p. Aßs\ ZmhoZv `b-s∏-´Xv ÿnco-
I-cn-°-s∏-´p. B hy‡n-Iƒ At\ym\yw Bt«-jn®p
Ic™p; C\n Ah¿ hyXy-ÿ-ß-fmb am¿§-ß-fn-emWv
307
k©-cn-t°-≠Xv: C\n Hcn-°epw Xß-fpsS kJnXzw
At\ym\yw A\p-`-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. knwlm-k-\-
Øn\p th≠n Xs∂ Hcp-t°-≠-Xn-\p-ff ssZhoI ]≤-
Xn-bpsS `mK-sa-t∂mWw ZmhoZv Hfn-hn¬ t]mbn. bn{km-
tb- e ns‚ ASpØ cmPmhv Xm\√ F∂v Bg- a mb
Dƒt_m[w D≠m-bn-´pw, ]nXm-hn-t\mSv Bflm¿∞-X-bp-
f-f-h-\mbn tbm\m-Ym≥ sIm´m-c-Øn-te°v aSßnt∏m-bn.
Ah≥ Zmho- Z n- t \m- S p- I qsS t]mI- W - a m- b n- c p- t ∂m?
iuens\ cmP-ÿm-\Øp \n∂pw btlmh Xf-fn-sb-∂n-
cn-s°, ]nXm-hn-t\mSv Bflm¿∞X ImWn®v Ah≥
\n∂Xv icn-bmtWm?
2. Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp-ff Alo-a-te-°ns‚ Zb (A.21)
alm-∑m¿°p-t]mepw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Nne _e-
lo-\-X-I-fp-≠v. Cu Imcy-Øn¬ ZmhoZv Hgn-hp-f-f-h-\m-bn-
cp-∂n√. hnjm-Zm-fl-I-amb Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬, Ct∏mƒ
t\m_v tZiØv Bbn-cn-°p∂ (hm.1-˛9) kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-
Øn\p apºn¬ h®v Xm≥ ]d-bp∂ \pW-bpw, s^en-kvXy-
cpsS apºmsI {`m¥v A`n-\-bn-°p-∂Xpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn-cn-°p∂p (hm.10-˛15).
21:1˛6 iuen-s‚-b-Sp-Øp-\n∂pw HmSn-t∏mb Zmho-Zv,
BZyw iap-th-en-s‚-bS- p-tØ°pw (A.19), ]n∂oSv tbm\m-
Ym- s ‚- b - S p- t Ø°pw (A.20) t]mbn. AXn- \ p- t ijw
Ct∏mƒ alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-s‚-b-SpØpw FØn-bn-cn-°p-I-
bm-Wv. Zmho-Zns\ I≠ Alo-a-te°v kw{`-a-tØm-sS,
Ah≥ X\n-®p-hc - p-∂s
- X-¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v AXn-ib - n-®p.
(a-s‰-hn-sStbm Xs∂ ImØp \nev°p∂ Iq´m-fn-Iƒ X\n-
°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p ˛ hm.2; aØm.12:3). cmPm-hn-\p-th≠n Hcp
clky ZuXy-Øn-te¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-Ib - mWv Xms\∂v ZmhoZv
\pW ]d-™p. AXn-\p-tijw Xm≥ Ipd®v A∏w Bh-
iy-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øn¬ Bcm-[-\bv°v
D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hnip≤ A∏-amb ImgvN-b-∏-a-√msX
thsdm∂pw Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ign™ Nne Znh-
k-ß-fmbn ssewKo-I-_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏´p Xß-sf-Xs∂
Aip-≤a - m-°n-bn-´n-√m-Øh - c
- mWv Zmho-Zns‚ IqsS-bp-ff
- h
- ¿
F∂ Dd-∏n-t∑¬ ]ptcm-ln-X≥ AXp Zmho-Zn\pw IqsS-
bp-f-f-h¿°pw sImSp-°m-sa∂v hm°p ]d-™p. Xt∂mSp
IqsS-bp-f-f-h¿ ip≤n-bp-f-f-h¿ BWv F∂p am{X-a√
XßfpsS ZuXy-tØm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ Ah¿ hnip-≤-
cp-am-Wv. (th¿s]-´-h¿) F∂v ZmhoZv ]d-™p. “h©n°m-
\p-ff \ΩpsS BZy-{i-a-Øn¬ F{X-am{Xw Ipcp-°p-ff
he-I-fmWv \mw s\øp-∂-Xv”. F∂p tjIvkv]n-b¿ ]d-
™Xv F{X-am{Xw icn-bm-Wv. hnip-≤-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂pw
A∂p \o°nb ImgvN-b∏w Ah≥ Zmho-Zn\p sImSp-Øp.
ImgvN-b-∏-Øns‚ \nb-a-]-c-a-√mØ Cu D]-tbm-
KsØ aØm 12:3,4 ˛¬ tbip-I¿Ømhv AwKo-Ic - n-®X
- mbn
ImWp-∂p. AXv Hcp ]s£ bn{k-tb-en¬ ]m]w D≠m-
bn-cn-s°, ZmhoZv \oXn°v \nZm-\a
- m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠m-
hmw. Zmho-Zn\v knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ \ymbÿm\w e`n-®n-
cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ A∏-Øn-\p-th≠n bmNn-t°≠n hcn-I-bn-
√m-bn-cp-∂p. Aip-≤-amb \ne-bn-ep-ff A∏-Øns‚ D]-
tbm-KsØ hne-°p∂ \nbaw CXp-t]m-se-bp-ff Imcp-
Wy-{]-hr-Øn-Isf hne-°p-hm≥ e£y-an-´p-f-f-X-√.
308 1 iap-th¬ 21,22
21:7˛9 Cu ka-bØv iuens‚ Hcp `rXy-\m-bn-cp∂
tZmth-Kns\ t\m_n¬ btlm-h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ AS-
®n- ´ n- c n- ° p- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. GtZm- a y- \ m- b n- c p∂ Ah≥
F{_mb aXw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Aip-≤n-aq-e-tam, BNm-
c-{]-Im-c-ap-ff Nne Bh-iym-\p-k-c-W-tam, Dff Hcp {]Xn-
⁄-bm¬ Ah≥ XS-hn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Alo-a-te°pw
ZmhoZpw XΩn-ep-ff _‘-sØ-°p-dn®v a\- n-em-°nb
Ah≥, kzm`m-hn-I-ambn AXp iuens\ Adn-bn-®p. Cu
Ah-k-c-Øn¬ ZmhoZv Bbp-[-߃°mbn c≠m-aXpw
Alo-a-te-°ns\ kao-]n-®p-cm-Pm-hn-\p-th-≠n-bp-ff Hcp
ASn-b-¥nc ZuXy-Øn-emWv Xms\∂v Ah≥ ho≠pw
I≈w ]d-™p. tKmeym-Øns‚ hmƒ Xs∂ ImWn-®-
t∏mƒ, AXn\p Xpeyw as‰m-∂p-an√ F∂p ]d-™p-
sIm≠v ZmhoZv AXv XmXv]c - y-tØmsS kzoI-cn-®p. a√s\
sIm√p-hm≥ Ah≥ ssZh-Øn¬ B{i-bn-®p. Bfl-hn-
izmkw \jvS-s∏´ Ah≥ sIm√-s∏´ Xs‚ i{Xp-hns‚
hmfn¬ B{i-bn-°p-∂p.
21:10-˛15 A\-¥cw ZmhoZv bn{km-tb-en¬ \n∂pw
tKmeym-Øns‚ kz¥-]-´-W-amb KØn-te°v HmSn-t∏m-bn.-
bn-{km-tb-ens‚ cmPm-hmbn A`n-tjIw sNø-s∏´ Ah≥
Ct∏mƒ, ssZh-P-\-Øns‚ i{Xp-°-fp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ A`bw
sNm√p-I-bm-Wv. s^enkvXy¿ Ahs\ I≠p kwi-bn-®-
t∏mƒ, Xs‚ Pohs\ c£n-°p-hm≥ th≠n Ah\v {`m¥-
\mbn A`n-\-bn-t°≠n h∂p. “NnØ{`aw kwt£m-`n-X-
ambn Aew-L-\o-b-amb \ne-bn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-´p. F∂m¬
kwc-£n-®Xv ssZh-am-bn-cp-∂p”(19)sh∂v Zmho-Zn\v \∂mbn
Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂v Untcm-Økv ssN¬Uv tcJ-s∏-
Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ bn{km-tb-ens‚ k¶o¿Ø-
\-°m-c≥ I´-f-taepw IX-In-t∑epw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw XmSn-
bn-eqsS Xp∏¬ Hen-∏n-°bpw sNbvXp. ssZh-Øns‚ P\-
Øns‚ {Iqc-Xs - Im-≠pw, Zmho-Zns‚ Pohn-XØ
- nse hnizm-
k-°p-d-hp-aqehpw e÷m-I-c-amb Cu kz`m-h-Øn-te°v
Xm≥ Xmcw XmgvØ-s∏-´p.
Cu A·n-]c - o-£I - f
- n-eqsS ZmhoZv Nne ]mT-߃ ]Tn-
®p. ASpØ A≤ym-b-Øn-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv,
GXm≠v C°m-eØv Fgp-Xs - ∏´ 34-˛mw k¶o¿Ø\w H∂p
hmbn-°p-I. Zmho-Zns‚ kz`m-h-kw-_-‘-amb Hcp ]pXnb
Dƒ°mgvN Cu k¶o¿Ø-\Ø - n¬\n∂pw \ap°v e`n-°pw.
]cmPb߃ hI-hb - v°m-sX, ssZhoI ]cn-⁄m-\Ø - n¬
hf-cp-hm≥ Ahs\ klm-bn® {it≤-b-amb Hcp Ignhv
˛ AXm-bXv at\m-am-µy-Øn¬ \n∂pw s]´∂v hnap-‡-
\m-Ip-hm-\p-ff Ignhv ˛ Ah≥ t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p.
3. Zmho-Zns‚ c£-s]-Sepw iu¬ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑msc
h[n-°p-∂Xpw (A.22).
22:1˛2 ZmhoZv bn{km-tb-en-te°p aS-ßn-h-∂-t∏mƒ,
t_Xve-tl-an\p sX°p ]Sn-™m-dp-ff blq-Z-bpsS `q{]-
tZ-isØ AZp√mw Kpl-bn¬ Ah≥ A`bw {]m]n-®p.
ChnSw sRcp-°-ap-f-f-h¿, IS-ap-f-f-h¿, k¥p-jvSn-bn-√m-
Ø-h¿, F∂n-hI - °
- m¿°p-ff Xma-kÿ - e- a
- mbn amdn. a\w
XI¿∂-hsc c£-°mbn X¶-te°v Blzm\w sNøp-∂,
Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏´ {InkvXp-hns‚ \ng-emWv ChnsS Zmho-
Zv. Npcp-ßnb Imew sIm≠v GXm≠v \m\qdp t]c-S-
ßp∂ Hcp sNdnb ssk\yw AZp√mw Kpl-bn¬ cq]o-
I-cn-°-s∏´p; ]n∂o-SXv Adp-\q-dmbn amdp-∂p-≠v. temI-
{]-Imcw Cu a\p-jy¿ Atbm-Ky-cmbncp∂p. F∂m¬ Zmho-
Zns‚ Iogn¬ Ah¿ i‡-cmb ]cm-{I-a-im-en-I-fmbn
Xo¿∂p (2 iap.23)
22:3˛5 Zmho-Zns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw Ah-t\m-sSm∏w
tN¿∂p. Ah-cpsS t£aw B{K-ln-®p-sIm-≠v, Ah¿°v
Xma-k-ku-Icyw Hcp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Ah≥ tamhm-_n-te-
°p-t]m-bn, At∏mgpw Ah≥ Hfn-®p ]m¿°p-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. tamhm_y kv{Xobmb cq-Øns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bm-bn-cp∂p
ZmhoZv (cqØv 4:17) F¶nepw btlm-h-bpsS i{Xp-°-fn¬
hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®Xv icn-bm-bn-√. (A-h-km\w Zmho-Zns‚
amXm-]n-Xm-°sf Cu tamhm-_y¿ sIm∂p-sh-∂mWv ]mc-
ºcyw ]d-bp-∂-Xv). ZmhoZv aS-ßn-h∂ D-Ss\, AZp√mw
hn´p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ KmZv {]hm-NI
- ≥ ]d™ {]Imcw Ah≥
blq-Z-bnse slscØv Im´n¬ t]mbn ]m¿Øp.
22:6˛8 s_\ym-ao-\ycpsS tZi-amb Kns_-bbn¬,
iu¬ Xs‚ `rXy-∑m-tcmSpw s_\ym-an-\y-tcmSpw Zmho-
Zn\p hntcm-[-ambn \nc¿∞-I-ambn kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xm≥ sNbvXXp t]mse ZmhoZv
Ah¿°v HuZm- c y- Z m- \ - ß ƒ \¬Iptam F∂- h ≥
AhtcmSp tNmZn-®p. ZmhoZv Ah-cpsS tKm{X-Øn¬ \n∂p-
f-f-h-\-√m-Xn-cp-∂n-´p-t]mepw, Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bn-
´p-ff Ahs‚ KqUm-tem-N-\-Iƒ Ah¿ Ah-\n¬ \n∂pw
ad-®p-h-®-Xn\v iu¬ P\sØ imkn-®p. CtXmsS Ah≥
]q¿Æ-ambpw Hc-hn-th-Inbpw a‰p-f-f-hsc kwi-bn-°p∂
Hcp am\-knI tcmKn-bp-am-bn-Xo¿∂p. Xs‚ aI-\-S°w
F√m-hcpw X\n°v FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v iuen\v a\- n-
em-bn.
22:9˛15 cmPm-hns\ {]oXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p-ff Ah-kcw
At\z-jn®p sIm≠n-cp∂ GtZm-ay-\mb tZmth-Kv, Zmho-
Zn- \ p- t h≠ `£- W - k m- [ - \ - ß fpw Bbp- [ - ß fpw
\evIns°m≠v, Ah-\p-th≠n ssZh-tØmSv Btem-N\
tNmZn-®p-sIm≠pw ]ptcm-ln-X-\mb Aloa-te°v Zmho-
Zns\ klm-bn® hn[-ßsf Ipdn®v cmPm-hn-t\mSv ]d-
™p. cmPmhv DS-\Sn ]ptcm-ln-X-t\bpw IpSpw-_-tØbpw
hnfn-®p-h-cpØn cmPy-t{Zm-l-Ip‰w Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ Btcm-
]n- ® p. cmPm- h n- t \m- S p- f f Zmho- Z ns‚ hniz- k v X - X sb
Ipdn®pw iuen-t\m-Sp hniz-kvXX ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-s\∂p
Xm≥ Icp-Xp∂ Hcp a\p-jys\ klm-bn-®-Xn-ep-ff Xs‚
\nc-]-cm-[n-XzsØ Ipdn®pw Xs‚ adp-]-Snbn¬ Alo-a-
te°v kqNn-∏n-®p. Zmho-Zn\p th≠n ssZh-tØmSv Btem-
N\ tNmZn-®Xv CXm-Zy-am-bn-´-√-sb∂pw Xm≥ ]d-™p.
F∂m¬ ZmhoZv Xt∂mSv a’-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw X\n-
°mbn ImØn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v I≈w ]d-bp-I-bm-sW∂pw
iu¬ ]d-™-t∏mƒ, AtX-°p-dn®v X\n-s°m∂pw Adn-
bn-s√∂v Alo-a-te°v ]d-™p.
22:16-˛19 CXn-t\m-SIw iu¬ XnI®pw Hcp at\m-tcm-
Kn-bmbn Xo¿∂p-sh∂v Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ sXfn-bn-
®p. cmPm-hns‚ AI-º-Sn-Iƒ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑msc sIm√-
 1 iap-th¬ 23,24
hm≥ aSn-®-t∏mƒ, hm°ns‚ bYm¿∞ A¿∞-{]-Imcw
PmXo-b-\mb Hcp “\mb” Bbncn-°p∂ tZmth-Kv, Ah¿
]ptcm-ln-X∑- m-cm-sW-∂Xv hI-hb
- v°msX, Ah¿°p-ta¬
NmSn hoWp. Ah-cn¬ F¨]-Øn-b-©p-t]sc sIm∂p-I-
f-™p. AXp-t]m-cm-™n-´v, Alo-a-te-°ns‚ ]´-W-amb
t\m_v tZiw B{I-an-®p; Ahn-SpsØ \nhm-kn-I-tfbpw
BSp-am-Sp-I-tfbpw \in-∏n-®p.
22:20- ˛ 23 A_ym- Y m¿ ]ptcm- l n- X ≥ am{Xw
CXn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏-´p; Ah≥ HmSn-s®∂v Zmho-Zn-t\mSv
kw`-hn-®-sX√mw ]d-™p. HutZymKnI-ambn item-tam≥
]ptcm-ln-X-ÿm-\-Øv -\n∂pw Xs∂ \o°p-∂-Xp-h-sc,
Ah≥ Zmho-Zn-t\mSv IqsS-]m¿Øp, alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-ip-
{iqj sNb-vXp-t]m∂p (1 cmPm 2.27). Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Zmho-
Zns‚ \pWbpw kq{X-ß-fp-amWv ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS ac-
W-Øn\v Imc-W-am-bXv (hm.22). as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬ Nn¥n-
®m¬, Gen-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn-t∑-ep-ff ssZhoI \ymb-
hn-[n-bm-WnXv (2:31-˛36; 3:11-˛14) F∂m¬ Cu Iq´-s°m-
e°v iu¬ DØ-c-hn-´XpsIm≠v Ip‰w Gdnb ]¶pw
iuens‚ t]cn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
Htc Ah-k-c-Øn¬ {]hm-kn-I-fmbn ]m¿°p∂ {]hm-
N-I≥ (Km-Zv), ]ptcm-ln-X≥ (A-_y-Zm¿), cmPmhv (Zm-ho-
Zv) Ch-sc√mw, C∂v, Xs‚ i{Xp-°sf Xs‚ ]mZ-]o-T-
am°n Xs‚ knwlm-k\w `qan-bn¬ ÿm]n-°p-∂X - n-\mbn
ImØn-cn-°p∂ {InkvXp-hn-t\-bmWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
4. sIbo-e-bpsS H‰n-s°m-Sp-°¬ (A.23)
23:1˛5 AZp-√m-an\p sX°p≈ sIboe ]´Ww s^en-
kvXy¿ B{I-an-°p-∂p-sh∂ hm¿Ø ZmhoZv Adn-™n-´v,
btlm-h-bm¬ \bn-°-s∏´ Xm≥, i{Xp-°-tfmSv s]mcp-
Xn, ]´-WsØ c£n-®p, hf-sc-b[ - nIw BSp-am-Sp-Isf Ah-
cn¬\n∂pw A]-l-cn-®p.
23:6˛12 ZmhoZv sIbo-e-bn-ep-s≠-∂-dn™ iu¬
Ahs\ AhnsS IpSp-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. F∂m¬
B KqUm-tem-N\ ZmhoZv I≠p-]n-Sn-°bpw, Aß-s\,
Xm≥ sIbo-e-bn¬ kpc-£n-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-tam, AtXm
sIboe \nhm-kn-Iƒ°p Xm≥ sNbvX klmbw IW-
°m-°msX Ah¿ Xs∂ iuen\p G¬∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-
°ptam? F∂n-ß-s\, ASp-Ø-Xm-bp-ff Xs‚ \o°sØ
Ipdn®v ZmhoZv btlm-h-tbmSv Btem-N\ tNmZn-°bpw
sNbvXp. iu¬ hcp-tºmƒ \µn-sI´ P\w Xo¿®-bmbpw
Zmho-Zns\ Ah\v G¬∏n®p sImSp-°p-sa∂v A_ym-Ym¿
sIm≠p-h∂ Gt^mZv apJm-¥ncw ssZhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn.
23:13- ˛ 18 Aßs\ ZmhoZpw Ahs‚ Bfp- I fpw
slt{_m\p sX°p-In-g-°p-ff ko^v acp-`q-an-bn-te°v
]mem-b\w sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Ahn-sS-t∏mepw Ah¿ \nc-
¥cw ITn-\-ambn ]n¥p-S¿∂psIm-≠n-cp-∂p. tbm\m-Ym≥
Zmho-Zns\ I≠v Ahs\ ssZh-Øn¬ ss[cy-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bXv AhnsS h®m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p∂
Hcp ip{iq-jb - m-WXv! Hcp k`sb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-hm≥
AYhm ss[cy-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Hcp Iq´w Bfp-I-fp-s≠-
¶n¬ B k` hf-sc-b-[nIw A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏´ Hcp k`-
309
bmbn Xocpw. X°-ka - b
- Øv kwkm-cn-°s - ∏-Sp∂ t{]m’m-
l-\h- m-°p-If- psS i‡n, A\p-`h - n-®d
- n-™h - ¿°p am{Xta
AXp a\- n\p \evIp∂ Ipfn¿Ωsb Ipdn-®-dn-bp-hm≥
Ign-bp-I-bp-f-fq. Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp-ff tbm\m-Yms‚ kvt\lw
kzbw A]-am-\n-X-\mbn sIm≠p-f-f-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhw
iuens\ tZzjn-°b - pw, Xt∂m-Sp-ff ssZthm-t±iw Ah≥
\S-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂ ]d-™v, tbm\m-Ym≥ Zmho-
Zns\ ho≠pw kam-iz-kn-∏n-®p. tbm\m-Ym-s\-t∏m-se-bp-
ff Hcp kvt\ln-X≥ Df-f-h≥ `mKy-hm-\m-Wv. Zmho-
Znt\msSm∏w Xma-kn-°m-sX, tbm\m-Ym≥ kz`-h-\-Øn-
te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠mWv F∂ hkvXpX
Zp¿{K-l-am-Wv(20)
23:19-˛29 ko^ycpw Zmho-Zns\ H‰n-s°m-Sp-Øp. Ah¿
ZmhoZv Xma-kn-°p∂ CS-sØ-°p-dn®v iuen\v Adnhv
sImSp-°p-I-bpw, B A`-bm¿∞nsb cmPm-hns‚ Iøn¬
G¬∏n-°p∂ Imcyw Xß-tf‰p F∂v iuen\v Dd∏p
sImSp- ° bpw sNbvXp. Xs∂ ]nSn- ∏ m≥ iu¬
hcp∂psh∂-dn™ ZmhoZv amthm≥ acp-`q-an-bn-te°v HmSn-
t∏m-bn. iu¬ Ahs\ ]n¥p-S¿∂p. iuepw ssk\yhpw
Zmho-Zns\ Gsd-°psd Np‰n-h-f-™-t∏mƒ, s^en-kvXy¿
bn{km-tb-ens\ B{I-an-°p-I-bpw, Aßs\ Ahs\
]n¥p-S-cp-∂Xv Dt]-£n-°p-hm≥ iu¬ \n¿_-‘n-X-\mbn
Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ bn{km-tb-ense Xnc-kvI-
cn-°-s∏´ cmPm-hn-\v, Ah-cpsS i{Xp-°ƒ Hcp klm-bn-
bmbn Xo¿∂p. A\-¥cw bn»m-bn-bpsS aI≥ NmhpI-S-
ens‚ ]Sn-™msd Xoc-Øp-ff G≥K-Zn-bn-te°p bm{X
sNbvXp.
5. iuens\ sIm√m-sX, Ah-t\mSp Zb ImWn-°p∂p
(A.24)
24:1˛7 s^en-kvXy-cpsS `oj-Wn-sbms° th≠-hn-[-
Øn¬ ssIImcyw sNbvXp Hgn-hm-°n-b-tijw, iu¬
Zmho-Zns\ th´-bm-Sp-hm≥ aSßn FØn. G≥K-Zn-bnse
Im´m-´n≥ ]md-I-fn¬ Ah≥ Ahs\ ]n¥p-S¿∂p sN∂p.
Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ Ah-kc - Ø
- n¬, hn{i-aØ- n-\p-th≠n
cmPmhv Ahn-sS-bp-ff Kpl-I-fn-sem-∂n¬ {]th-in-®p.
F∂m¬ hn{i-aØ - n-\mbn Xm≥ Xnc-s™-SpØ Kpl iq\y-
am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-s‚-bp-ff - n¬ Xm≥ AIm-cW - a
- mbn th´-
bm-Sp-∂-h≥, cmPm-hns‚ Poh-s\m-Sp-°p-hm≥ B{K-ln-
°p∂ Xs‚ Bfp-Isf \nb-{¥n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p! ssZhw
iuens\ Xß-fpsS Iøn¬ G¬∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-bn-
cp∂p Ah¿ hnNm-cn-®-Xv. F∂m¬ _e-{]-tbm-K-Øm¬
cmPXzw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ ssZhw Iev]n-®n-´n-√∂v Zmho-
Zn-\d
- n-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ka-bØ - n\pw ssZhoI
]≤-Xn-°p-ambn ImØn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ah≥ kwXr-]vX-
\m-bn-cp-∂p. cmPm-hns‚ tae-¶n-bpsS A‰w apdn-s®-Sp-Ø-
Xn\p t]mepw, Ahs‚ a\- m£n Ahs\ IpØn-Øp-S-
ßn. bn{km-tb-ens‚ cmPm-hmbn A`n-tjIw sNø-s∏-´-
h-\m-bn-cp∂p iu¬ F∂ hkvXp-X, Ah≥ \n m-c-am-bn-
´m-bn-cp-∂n√ I≠n-cp-∂-Xv. ssZhw Ahs\ \o°pw;
F∂m¬ ssZhw Ahs\ \o°p-∂X - p-hs
- c Ahs\ _lp-
am-\n-t°≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Zmho-Zn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p
310 1 iap-th¬ 24,25
24:8˛15 iu¬ AhnSw hn´v t]mb-tijw, ZmhoZv Kpl-
bn¬\n∂pw ]pd-Øn-dß - n, Ahs\ hnfn®p, F∂n´v Xs∂
Ipdn®p cmPmhv tI´n-cn-°p∂ Zqj-W-h¿Ø-am-\-߃
Ak-Xy-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-™p. B Znhkw Xs∂
Zmho-Zn\p Ahs\ sIm√m-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ iu¬
btlm-h-bpsS A`n-jn-‡-\m-b-Xp-s°m-≠m-bn-cp∂p Xm≥
AXp sNøm-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. Zmho-Zns‚ Iøn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂
cmPm-hns‚ tae-¶n-bpsS `mKw, Xs‚ Zb-bpsS sXfn-hm-
bn-cp-∂p. ZpjvS≥ {]Xn-Imcw sNøp-hm≥ B{K-ln-t®-°mw.
]s£ Zmho-Zn\v Aß-s\-bp-ff B{K-la - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp
NØ \msb-t∏msetbm, Hcp sNf-fn-s\-t∏m-setbm
\n m-c-\mb Hcp hy‡n-tbmSv C{X ITn-\-ambn t]mcm-Sp-
∂-sX-¥n-\m-sW∂v ZmhoZv iuen-t\mSv tNmZn-®p.
24:16-˛22 Zmho-Zns‚ hm°p-Iƒ tI´v XmXv°m-en-Ia- mbn
a\w-am‰w h∂p s]m´n-°c - ™ iuen\v Xs‚ ZpjvSX - bpw
Zmho-Zns‚ kz`m-h-Ønse kXy-k-‘-Xbpw t_m[y-am-
bn. B›-cy-sa-t∂m-Ww, ZmhoZv Hcp-\mƒ bn{km-tb-ense
cmPm-hm-Ip-sa∂ Imcyw Ah≥ kΩ-Xn-®p. IqSmsX
ZmhoZv cmPm-hm-Ip-tºmƒ Xs‚ {Kl-tØmSv Zb-tbm-Sp-
IqSn s]cp-am-dp-sa∂v Ah-s\-s°m≠v ssZh-\m-a-Øn¬
kXyw sNøn-®p. A\-¥cw iu¬ kam-[m-\-tØmsS
AhnSw hn´p- t ]m- b n. F∂m¬ Zmho- Z n\v Gsd- \ mƒ
kzÿX A\p-`hn°phm≥ Ign-™n-√. Ah≥ ImWn®
IcpW iu¬ s]´∂p ad-∂p-t]m-bn.
iuen-t\m-Sp-ff Xs‚ hm°p-I-fn¬, ZmhoZv \ymbw
hn[n-°p-hm≥ c≠p {]mhniyw btlm-h-tbmSp ]d-™p.
km[m-cW a\p-jys‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ icn-sb∂p tXm∂p-
∂Xv sNøm-sX, Xs‚ hnjbw btlm-h-bpsS Ic-ß-
fn¬ G¬∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ZmhoZv kwXr-]vX-\m-bn-cp-∂p.
\ΩpsS I¿Øm-hns\ Ipdn®v ]t{Xmkv At∏m-kvX-e≥
Hm¿∏n-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ H∂v AXm-bn-cp-∂p. “Xs∂
iIm-cn-®n´v ]Icw iIm-cn-°m-sXbpw IjvSw A\p-`-hn-
®n´v `ojWw ]d-bm-sXbpw \ymb-ambn hn[n-°p-∂h-¶¬
Imcyw `c-ta¬∏n-°b - s{X sNbvXXv (1 ]t{Xm.2:23). {]Xn-
Iq-em-h-ÿ-Isf XrW-h¬K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v ssZh-Øn¬
hnizm-k-a¿∏n®p im¥-cm-bn-cn-∏m≥ ssZhw \sΩ klm-
bn-°s´!
6. \m_m-ens‚ t`mjXzw (A.25)
25:1˛9 \ymbm-[n-]∑
- m-cpsS Ime-Øn\p Adp-Xn-hc
- p-Øn-
s°m≠v iap-th¬ acn-®p. tZiw Ct∏mƒ cmPm-[n-]-Xy-
Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°-bm-Wv. bn{km-tb-ens‚ knwlm-k\w
Ft∂-°p-ambn Zmho-Zns‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ Ah-Im-i-am-°pw,
B hmKvZ-Ø-Øn-s‚ \nhrØn {InkvXp-hm-bn-cn-°pw. iap-
th¬ acn®t∏mƒ tZi-sam-t°bpw Ah-s\-°p-dn®p hne-
]n-®Xv Ah-t\m-Sp-ff Bg-amb BZ-c-hn-s\-bmWv kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
{]hm-N-Is‚ ac-W-tijw ZmhoZv ]mcm≥ acp-`q-an-bn-
te°p t]mbn; blq-Z-bpsS sX°p-`m-K-Øm-bm-WXv
ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. Hcp ]s£ iuen¬ \n∂pw, ht[-—-
tbmSp IqSn-\S- °
- p∂ Ahs‚ A{I-ak
- w-LØ
- n¬ \n∂pw
Zqtc°p t]mb-Xm-h-Ww. c≠mw hmIy-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-
°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ I¿ta¬ hS-°p-ff I¿tΩ¬ ]¿∆-X-a-√.
adn®v amthm\p kao-]-ap-ff Hcp ]´-W-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
AhnsS \m_m¬ Xs‚ BSp-I-fpsS tcmaw I{Xn-°p∂
ASn-b¥- ncw \S-Øp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. \m_m-ens‚ B´n≥Iq-
´-߃°p kwc-£Ww \¬InbXn\p {]Xn-^-e-ambn \S-
∏-\p-k-cn®v Hcp Zm\w Bh-iy-s∏-´-p-sIm≠v ZmhoZv ]Øp
_mey-°msc Ah-s‚-bSp-°¬ Ab-®p.
25:10-˛13 F∂m¬, \m_m-en-t\bpw Ah-\p-ff kI-e-
tØbpw \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ th≠n, GI-tZiw \m∂q-dp-
t]sc Iq´n ZmhoZv I¿tΩ-en-te°p ]pd-s∏-S-Ø-°-hÆw
Ahs\ {]tIm-]n-∏n-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ kzm¿∞-X-tbmSpw
{Iqc-am-bn-´p-am-bn-cp∂p Zmho-Zns‚ Zmk≥am-tcmSp \m_m¬
adp-]Sn ]d-™-Xv.
25:14-˛22 F∂m¬ hnth-I-ap-f-f-hfpw kuµ-cy-h-Xn-bp-
amb \m_m-ens‚ `mcy, A_o-Kb - n¬, Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns‚
hnth-I-iq-\y-amb kz`mhw Xß-fp-sS-ta¬ hcp-Øn-h-®n-
cn-°p∂ A]-IS- sØ Ipdn®v a\- n-em-°n. Ahƒ s]´∂v
Ipsd-b[ - nIw Blm-ck
- m-[\- ß
- f
- p-ambn Zmho-Zns\ ImWp-
hm≥ ]pd-s∏-´p. I¿tΩ-en-t\mSv kao-]n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂
Zmho-Zv, Xm≥ \m_m-en\p sNbvX \∑-sb-°p-dn-®pw
AXn\p ]I-c-am-bn Ah-\n¬ \n∂p e`n® Ah-⁄-sb-
°p-dn®pw kzbw Bh¿Øn-®p-cp-hn-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-bn-
cp-∂p.
25:23-˛31 A_o-K-bn¬ Zmho-Zns\ I≠-t∏mƒ, Ahs‚
apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw hoWp. Ahs\ \a-kvIc - n-®n´v hfsc
ka¿∞-am-bX - pw, k^-ea- m-bX
- p-amb Hc-`y¿∞\ \S-Øn.
Xs‚ `¿Ømhv Ahs‚ t]cp-t]mse Xs∂ (\m-_m¬
F∂-Xns‚ A¿Øw t`mj≥ AYhm [n°m-cn) bmsW∂v
BZyw Xs∂ Ahƒ kΩ-Xn-®p. Zmho-Zns‚ Bfp-Iƒ
apºv `h-\-Øn¬ h∂Xv Ahƒ Adn-™n-cp-∂n-√. am∏n-
\mbn At]-£n® Ah-k-c-Øn¬ btlmh c‡-]m-XIw
sNøm-Xh - Æw Ahs\ XSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw, Ahs‚
i{Xp-°sf AXm-bXv \m_m-en-s\-t∏mepw ssZhw in£n-
°pw F∂pw Ahƒ Ahs\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®p. btlm-h-bpsS
A`n- j n- ‡ - \ mb Zmho- Z ns\ Ipdn®v hy‡- a mb Hcp
Bflob ImgvN-∏mSv Ahƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. btlm-h-
bpsS bp≤-ßsf \S-Øp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ahƒ Ahs\
\njvI-f-¶-ambn A`n-\µn®p. Ah≥ cmPm-hm-bn-cn-°p-
tºmƒ Xs‚ i{Xp-°sf btlm-h-bpsS {]Xn-Im-c-Øn\p
hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-cw, Xs‚ kz¥ ssI\o´n
{]Xn-Imcw sNbvX Hcp Ime-tØ°v Xncn™p t\m°p-
hm-\n-S-bm-Im-Xn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ AXv F{X \∂m-bn-cn°pw!
25:32-˛35 \b-X-{¥-]-c-amb Ah-fpsS Cu hm°p-I-
fn¬ BIr-jvS-\mb Zmho-Zv, \m_m-ens\ \in-∏n-°m-sX-
hÆw Ahs\ XSp-Ø-Xn\v Ahƒ°v \µn ]d-™p.
\ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn\pw \sΩ icn-bmb am¿§-Øn¬ \bn-
°p-hm\pw AXmXv ka-bß - f- n¬ \ap°v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \evIp-
hm\pw bp‡-amb Bfp-Isf \Ωp-sS-b-Sp-tØ°v Ab-
t°-≠s - X-ßs- \-sb∂v I¿Øm-hn-\d - n-bmw. Ahs‚ {]hr-
Øn-I-tfm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ \mw \µn-bp-f-f-h-c-m-bn-cn-°-
Ww. A_o-K-bn-ens‚ D]-tZiw ^e-{]-Z-am-bn-cp∂p; Ah-
fpsS HuZm-cy-Zm\w kzoI-cn-°-s∏-´p. ZmhoZv \m_m-ens\
 1 iap-th¬ 25,26,27
btlm-hbv°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp. ssZhw Xs‚ {]hrØn
Zo¿Ln-∏n-®n-√. A_o-K-bn¬ Ah-fpsS `¿Øm-hn-t\mSv
A`n-{]mbw tNmZn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-∂mepw, Ahs‚ ta¬
A[n- I mcw ÿm]n- s ®- S p- Ø - X n- \ mepw ssZh- Ø ns‚
I¬∏\ ewLn-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Nne¿ hmZn-t®-°mw.
F∂m¬ Ahƒ sX‰mb coXn-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®X - mbn thZ-
]p-kvXIw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂n-√. t\sc adn®v, XnSp-°-Øn-
ep-ff Hcp {]hr-ØnbneqsS Ahƒ \m_m-en-t\bpw Ah-
\p-ff
- X
- n-t\bpw \mi-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£n-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p
sNb-X-Xv.
25:36-˛44 A_o-K-bn¬ `h-\-Øn¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øn-b-
t∏mƒ, \m_m-en\p \∂m elcn ]nSn-®n-cp-∂p. kw`-hn-®-
Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Ahs\ Adn-bn-∏m≥ ASpØ Znhkw hsc
Ahƒ ImØn-cp-∂p. B hm¿Ø Adn-™b - p-Ss\ Ah≥,
]£m-LmXw sImt≠m, lrZ-bm-LmXw aqe-tam, Hcp
tcmK-_m-[-bntem I√n-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-hm-\mWv km≤y-X.
kzm¿∞-X-tbmsS X\n-°p-th≠n am{Xw tiJ-cn®p h®
kºØv Dt]-£n-®v, ]Øp Znhkw Ign-™t- ∏mƒ Ah≥
acn-®p-t]m-bn. \m_m-ens‚ ac-W-hn-hcw Adn™ Zmho-
Zv, DSs\ hnhm-lm-tem-N-\-bp-ambn A_o-K-bn-ens‚ ASp-
°¬ ZqX-∑msc Ab-®p, AX-hƒ hn\-b-]q¿∆w kzoI-
cn-®p. Hfn-t®m-Sn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-apºv ZmhoZv Alo-t\mhmw
F∂p t]cp-ff Hcp-hsf `mcy-bmbn FSp-Øn-cp-∂p. CXn-
\n-Sb- n¬, Zmho-Zns‚ BZy-`m-cy-bm-bn-cp∂ aoJ-fns\ as‰m-
cp-h\v `mcy-bmbn sImSp-Øp.
Xs∂-Øm≥ Db¿Øp-∂-h≥ XmgvØ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbpw
(\m-_m¬ ssZh-Øm¬ kwl-cn-°-s∏-´p). Xs∂-Øm≥
XmgvØn-bh
- ƒ Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂X
- mbpw (A-_o-Kb
- n¬ cmPm-
hns‚ `mcy-bmbn Xo¿∂p). Cu IY-bn¬ \mw ho≠pw
ImWp∂p (eqt°m 14:11).
7. c≠mw Xh-Wbpw iuen-t\mSv Zb ImWn-°p∂p
(A.26)
26:1˛4 ZmhoZv Fhn-sS-bp-s≠-∂p-ff hnhcw ko^y¿
Hcn-°¬IqSn iuens\ Adn-bn-®p (23:19-˛-ambn Xmc-Xayw
sNøp-I). Zmho-Zns‚ hfsc sNdnb kwL-Øns‚ A©n-
c´n hen-∏-ap-ff Hcp ssk\y-hp-ambn iu¬ X¬£Ww
ko^v acp-`q-an-bn-te°p sN∂p. ]pXp-Xmbn iuens\
{]tIm-]n-∏n® hkvXp-Xsb¥∂v ChnsS ]d-b-s∏-´n-´n-√.
Ah-cn-cp-hcpw apºv th¿]n-cn™Xv Gsd-°psd \nc∏p
{]m]n® coXnbn-em-bn-cp∂p (A.24) Hcp ]s£ ZpjvS-
∑m¿ Bsc-¶nepw cmPm-hns‚ hntZz-jsØ ho≠pw Cf-
°n-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww. (19-˛mw hmIyw t\m°p-I)
26:5˛12 iu¬ ]mfb-an-d-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ÿew ZmhoZv
Nmc-∑m¿ apJm-¥ncw a\- n-em-°n. A∂p cm{Xn-bn¬
Ah\pw Ahs‚ _‘p-hmb A_o-i-bnbpw IqSn ]mf-
b- Ø n¬ \pg™p Ib- d n. iu¬ InS- ∂ p- d - ß p∂
ÿesØØn. btlmh Ab® Akm-[m-c-W-am-sbmcp
Dd-°-am-WXv km≤y-am-°n-b-Xv. A_o-imbn cmPm-hns\
H‰-°p-Øn\v sIm√p-hm-\p-ff Xs‚ XmXv]cyw shfn-s∏-
Sp-Øn, F∂m¬ A{]-Im-c-ap-ff bmsXmcp {]hr-Ønbpw
sNø-cp-sX∂v ZmhoZv Ahs\ hne-°n. ImcWw iu¬
311
Hcp ZpjvS-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Xt∂bpw Ah≥ btlm-h-
bpsS A`n-jn-‡-\mbncp∂p. Ahs\ ssIImcyw sNtø-
≠Xv ssZh-am-Wv. iuens‚ Ip¥hpw Pe-]m-{Xhpw am{Xw
FSp-Øp-sIm≠v ZmhoZv AhnSw hn´p.
26:13-˛16 kpc-£n-X-\mbn ]mf-b-Øn\p ]pdØp IS-
∂-ti-jw, ZmhoZv i_vZ-ap-b¿Øn, cmPm-hns\ kwc-£n-
°p-∂-Xn¬ A{i≤ ImWn® A_vt\-cns\ Bt£-]n-
®p. Cu {i≤-°p-d-hn-\m¬ Ah≥ acW tbmKy-\m-Wv.
iuens‚ ]°¬ \n∂pw ZmhoZv FSpØ Pe-]m-{Xhpw
Ip¥hpw Zmho-Zns‚ Iøm-ep-ff ac-WØ- n¬ \n∂pw c≠mw
{]mh-iyhpw iu¬ c£-s∏-´-Xns‚ AS-bm-f-am-bn-cp-∂p.
26:17-˛20 iu¬ cmPm-hn\p hntcm-[-ambn bmsXmcp
tZmjhpw Xm≥ \ncq-]n-°p-∂n-s√∂p sXfn-bn-®p sImSp-
Øn´pw F¥n-\mWv cmPmhv Xs∂ A{im¥w ]n¥p-S-cp-
∂-sX∂p Zmho-Zn\p a\- n-em-bn-√. btlm-hb - mWv X\n°v
FXn-cmbn iuens\ DtZzKn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ btlm-
hbv°v Hcp hgn-]mSv A¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v Ahs\ {]km-Zn-
∏n-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. adn®v a\p-jy-cm-emWv iu¬ {]tIm-]n-
∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¶n¬ Ah¿ i]n-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw.
ImcWw ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Htc-sbmcp
Be-b-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-sX-hÆw Ah¿
Ahs\ ]pd-Øm-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. “\o t]mbn
A\y ssZh-ßsf tkhn°” (hm.19) F∂p-ff {]kvXm-
h-\, hm°p-I-fm¬ ]d-bp-∂-X-s√-¶nepw B ZpjvS-∑m¿
AX-h-cpsS {]hr-Øn-I-fn-eqsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h-bm-bn-
cp-∂p. “btlmh-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ \n∂v A\y-s∏´p”
F∂p h®m¬ A\y-tZ-iØp h®v (hm.20) Xm≥ acn-°p-
hm≥ CS-bm-I-cptX F∂v ZmhoZv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. Hcp-Ø≥ ]¿∆-X-ß-fn¬ Hcp Im´p-tIm-gnsb tXSp-
∂-Xp-t]m-se, iu¬ Hcp sNf-fns\ th´-bm-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p.
26:21-˛25 ZmhoZv ho≠pw Xs∂ sIm√msX Poh-t\msS
tijn-∏n®p F∂p a\- n-em-°nb iu¬ {]Xy-£-amb
\ne-bn¬ A\p-X-]n-®p. ImcWw IqSmsX Zmho-Zns\
sIm√p-hm≥ Xm≥ At\z-jn-°p-tºmƒ, kzb-c-£-bv°p-
th-≠n, cmPm-hns\ sIm√p-hm≥ Ah\p Ign-bp-am-bn-cn-
∂n´p t]mepw, Xs∂ sIm√msX Poh-t\msS tijn-∏n-
®- X p- s Im≠v Xt∂- ° mƒ \oXn- a m≥ Zmho- Z m- s W∂p
iuen\p a\- n-em-bn. Xs‚ \oXnbv°pw hniz-kvX-
Xbv°pw X°-hÆw ]Icw \¬Ip-hm≥ ZmhoZv btlm-h-
tbmSv At]-£n-®p. At∏mƒ iu¬, Hcp A\p-{K-l-
tØmSpw “Xs‚ aI-\mb Zmho-Zns‚”(21) `mhn-bnse al-
XzsØ Ipdn-®p-ff Hcp {]h-N-\-tØmSpw IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p
Zmho-Zn-t\mSp {]Xn-I-cn-®-Xv. ]ns∂ ZmhoZv Xs‚ hgn-°p-
t]m-bn. iuepw Xs‚ ]´-W-Øn-te°p aS-ßn-t]m-bn.
F. s^en-kvXy-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xv. (A.27-˛30)
1. kn¢mKv ssI°-em-°p∂p (A.27)
27:1˛4 ac-WsØ ap∂n¬ I≠p-sIm≠v Hcp ÿe-
Øp-\n∂pw as‰mcp ÿe-tØ°p Ft∏mgpw HmSn-\-S-°p-
∂-Xns‚ kΩ¿±-Øn\p ZmhoZv Ah-km\w ASn-s∏-´p.
312 1 iap-th¬ 27,28
ssZh-Øns‚ A¤p-X-I-c-amb Icp-X¬ hI-sh-bv°msX Xmbn tXm∂p-∂p-sh-¶n-epw, c≠mw hmIy-Ønse Ahs‚
ZmhoZv hnizm- k - Ø n¬ ]X- d p- h m≥ XpS- ß n.- adp-]Sn hm°p-Iƒ°v, “\ns∂ klm-bn-∏m≥ th≠n ASn-
bn{kmtbens‚ A`n-jn-‡-\mb cmPm-hmWv Xms\∂ b≥ F¥p sNøpw F∂p \o I≠-dnbpw” Ft∂m “\ns∂
bmYm¿∞ysØ Ipdn-®p-ff Xs‚ ImgvN-∏mSv \jvS-am- h©n-°p-hm≥ ASn-b≥ F¥p-sNøpw F∂p \o I≠-
bn. ssZhw Xs∂ cmPm-hmbn \nb-an® tijw `cn-°p- dnbpw!” Ft∂m, Cßs\ c≠¿∞w sImSp-°mw. CXn¬
hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xn\p apºp Xs∂ sIm√p-hm≥ ssZhw BZysØ A¿∞-Øn-emWv BJoiv Nn¥n-®Xv; Aßs\
A\p-h-Zn-°ptam? iuens‚ Iøn¬ Gev]n-°p-hm-\m-bn- Ah≥ Zmho-Zns\ Xs‚ sabv°m-h¬°m-cn¬ Hcm-fm-°n-
cp-∂pthm tKmeym-Øns‚ Iøn¬\n∂pw Xs∂ hnSp-hn- h-®p.
®Xv? A√; ]s£ kml-N-cy-߃ Hcp-hs‚ ho£-W-K-
28:3˛8 {]Xn-tbm-Kn-I-fmb ssk\y-߃ bn{km-tb-
Xnsb h{I-am-°p-∂p. k∂n-ln-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ A]-I-S-
ens‚ hS°p ]Sn-™mdv Ft{k-tem¨ Xmgvhcbn¬
߃ ]e-t∏mgpw ssZhnI hmKvZ-Ø-߃°v aß-te¬∏n-
(A¿Ω-K-t±m≥ Xmgvhc) Hcp-an®p IqSn. s^en-kvXy¿
°p-∂p. Aßs\ ZmhoZv s^en-kvXy-tZ-i-tØ°v HmSn-
iqt\-an-epw, bn{km-tb¬ Kn¬t_m-hb - nepw ]mf-ba
- n-dß
- n.
t∏mbn; KØv cmPm-hmb BJo-ins‚ ASp-°¬ ho≠pw
btlmh iuen- t \mSv kz]v \ w sImt≠m, Dudow
sN∂p. CXn-\p-ap≥]v Xm≥ Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂Xv hfsc
sImt≠m, {]hm-N-I-∑msc sImt≠m {]Xn-I-cn-°msX
Imew apºm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-s\mcp A`-bm¿∞n-bm-bn-cp-∂p-
h∂-t∏mƒ, Ah≥ Hcp shfn-®-∏m-S-Ønsb At\z-jn-®n-
sh∂v BJo-in-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. PmXo-b-\mb B cmPm-
d- ß n. ssZho- I - \ n- b - a - { ]- I mcw Ah≥ apºp shfn-
hp, [oc-\mb Hcp tbm≤m-hn-t\-bpw, bn{km-tb-en\p t\sc
®∏mS∑mtcbpw, a{¥-hm-Zn-It- fbpw tZiØp \n∂p \o°n-
Hcp klm-b-ambpw Ahs\ I≠p-sIm≠v lm¿±-h-ambn
°-f-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Ct∏mƒ G≥tZm-cn-\-Sp-Øp-ff ]´-W-
Ahs\ kzmKXw sNbvXp. s^en-kvXy-cp-sS-bn-S-bnse
Øn¬ Hcp shfn-®-∏m-SØn Xma-kn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-dn™
Hcp cmP-Iob \ma-am-bn-cp∂p BJo-iv(22) F∂XpsIm≠v
iu¬, acn®-h-tcmSv Btem-N\ tNmZn-°p∂ Ah-fpsS
21:10¬ ZmhoZv I≠ AtX BJoiv Xs∂ BI-W-sa-
ASp-°¬ thjw amdn sN∂p.
∂n√ CXv. ZmhoZv bn{km-tb¬ tZi-Øp-\n∂pw HmSn-
t∏mbn F∂p I≠ iu¬ Ahs\ Xnc-bp-∂Xp \n¿Øn. 28:9,10 Ah-fpsS Xs∂ kpc-£-bpsS Imcy-Øn-em-
bn-cp∂p shfn-®∏mSØn°p DXv°-WvT. shfn-®-∏m-S-
27:5˛7 Ign™ {]mhiyw KØn-em-bn-cp∂ Zmho-Zn-s\(-
∑m¿°pw a{¥-hm-Zn-Iƒ°pw FXn-cm-bp-ff cmPm-hns‚
A.21) BJo-ins‚ `rXy-∑m¿ kwi-bn-°p-Ibpw Ahs\
imk\w Ahƒ Xs‚ kµ¿i- I sc Hm¿Ωn- ∏ n- ® p.
sIm√p-hm≥ {ian-°bpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. AXv ZmhoZv ad-
AØcw Bfp-Isf sIm∂p-I-f-bp-hm≥ Iev]n® btlm-
∂n-cp-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ Ct∏mƒ XmgvN A`n-\b - n-®p-sIm≠v
h- b psS \ma- Ø n¬ kpc£ hmKv Z m\w sNøp- h m≥
cmP-\K- c
- Ø
- n¬ ]m¿°p-∂Xp \nc-kn-°b
- pw, \m´p-ºp-dØv
iuen\p Fßs\ Ign™p? As√-¶n¬ Xs∂ Aß-
X߃°p -kz-¥-ambn Hcp Ducv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
s\-bp-ff Hcp ssZh-Øns‚ \ma-Øn¬ sNbvX kXy-
sNbvXp. Aßs\ bn{km-tb-ens‚ AXn-cn-t\mSv sXm´p
Øn¬ B shfn-®-∏m-S-Øn°v kwc-£Ww e`n-°p-∂-sX-
InS-°p∂ kn¢mKv F∂ \Kcw cmPmhv Ah\p \¬In.
ßs\ F∂Xv Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-k-am-Wv.
Cu \Kcw BZyw blq-Z-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cp∂(tbm-ip.15:31).
28:11-˛14 XpS¿∂v kw`-hn® Imcy-ßsf Ipdn®v hymJym-
27:8˛12 s^en-kvXy-tcm-sSm∏w ]m¿Ø ]Xn-\mdp
Xm-°ƒ°p `n∂m-`n-{]m-ba - m-Wp-ff
- X
- v. iap-th-ens‚ thjw
amkw ZmhoZv sKiqcy-tc-bpw, sK{ºn-b-tcbpw Aam-te-
[cn®p Hcp ZpjvSm-flmhv h∂p F∂p Nne¿ Icp-Xp-
Iy-tcbpw B{I-an-®p, Ahsc sImf-f-bn-´p. Ch¿ I\m-
tºmƒ, bYm¿∞ iap-th¬ Xs∂ {]Xy-£-\m-Ip-hm≥
\nse PmXn-I-fmb tZi-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p; Ahsc \in-
A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠v, ]tc-Xm-flm-°-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂
∏n-°p-hm≥ ssZhw I¬∏n-®n-cp∂p (]p-d.17:14; tbmip.13:13;
Ah-cpsS tbmKw ssZhw A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambn XS- -s∏-
1iap.15:2,3). cmPy {`jvS-\m-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ t]mepw ZmhoZv
Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂mWv a‰p Nne¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂-
btlm-hb - psS bp≤w sNøp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. XnI®pw hntcm-
Xv. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ß-fm¬ c≠m-asØ A`n-{]m-b-
[m-`m-k-amb Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-WnXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv:
amWv IqSp-X¬ DØ-a-am-bn-´p-f-fXv: B shfn-®-∏m-SØn
bn{km-tb-ens‚ i{Xp-°-fpsS ta¬ Pbw t\Sp-∂-Xn-t\m-
km[m-c-W-bmbn CS-s]-Sm-dp-ff ]cn-Nn-X-amb B Bflm-
Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬, Xs‚ kwc-£-W-Øn\v btlm-h-bn¬
hn\v ]Icw iap-th¬ s]´∂v {]Xy-£s - ∏-´t- ∏mƒ Ahƒ
B{i-bn-°p-hm≥ Zmho-Zn\p Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬
t]Sn-®p-t]m-bn. Xs∂-bp-a-√, B `mKØv AXp iap-th-
iuen¬ \n∂pw Xs∂ kwc-£n-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬
em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v FSpØp ]d-™n-´p-≠v. Ah-km-\-am-bn,
btlm-hsb hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ Ah\p Ign-™n√!
ASp-Ø-Zn-hkw F¥p kw`-hn-°p-sa-∂-Xns\ Ipdn®v B
2. iuens‚ acWw ap∂-dn-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.28) Bflmhv IrXy-ambn {]h-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
28:1,2 Ct∏mƒ ZmhoZv Atß-b‰w hnj-am-h-ÿ-bn-em- 28:15-˛19 acn-®-h-cpsS temI-Øp-\n∂pw Xs∂ hnfn-∏n-
bn-Xo¿∂n-cn-°p-Ib
- m-Wv. s^en-kvXy¿ bn{km-tb-en-t\mSp ®-sX-¥n-\m-sW∂v iu¬ iap-th-ent\mSv hnh-cn-®p. iap-
bp≤-Øn-s\m-cp-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsS th-ens‚ imk\ B cmPm-hns\ Bg-ambn apdn-s∏-SpØn
bp≤-Øn¬ ]¶p-sIm-ff - p-hm≥ cmPmhv Zmho-Zn-t\mSv I¬∏n- ImW-Ww.- i-ap-th¬ tkhn-°p∂ ssZhw au\-am-bn-cn-
®p. CXn-t\m-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ kΩ-X-`mhw ImWn-®- °p∂ ÿm\-Øv, iap-th-en\v Xs∂ klm-bn-∏m≥ Ign-
 1 iap-th¬ 29,30
bp-sa∂v Ah≥ Nn¥n-®n-cn-°ptam? t\sc adn®v iuens‚
Bg-amb `bsØ iap-th¬ ÿnco-I-cn-°-bm-bn-cp∂p
sNbvX-Xv. apºv Ah-t\mSv ]d-™n-´p-f-f-Xp-t]m-se,
cmPXzw Ah-¶¬ \n∂v FSpØv Zmho-Zn\p sImSp-°pw.
ASpØ Znhkw s^en-kvXy¿ bn{km-tb-ens\ tXmev]n-
°pw. iuepw Xs‚ ]p{X-∑mcpw ac-W-Øn¬ iap-th-en-
t\mSv tNcpw. Ah¿ \nXyX Hcp-t]mse ]¶p-hb - v°p-sa∂v
AXn-\¿∞-an-√. Ah-cpsS ^ew sIm≠v \mw Ahsc
\ymbw hn[n-°p-Ib
- m-sW-¶n¬, iu¬ Hcp Ahn-izm-knbpw
tbm\m-Ym≥ hnizm-kn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \ap°v ImWp-
hm≥ Ign-bpw.
28:20-˛25 ASpsØmcp kqcym-kvX-a-b-Øn\p apºv
iuens‚ ]m]-ßsf F√mw Ahs‚ ta¬ kµ¿in-°-
s∏-Spw. Xm≥ hgn-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-apºv Ahs\ Fs¥-
¶nepw Ign-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ ]mSp-s]-´p. XSn® ]ip-°n-
Sm-hns\ Adp-Øp, ]s£ BtLm-jn-°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-®p-
sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ AXv. h[-in£ hn[n-°-s∏´ B a\p-
jy≥ Ccp-´n¬ ad-bp-∂X
- n-\p-apºv hyk-\I
- c
- a
- mb \ni-_vZ-
X-bn¬ Bhr-X-\mbn Xs‚ A¥y-`-£Ww Ign-®p.
3. BJoiv Zmho-Zns\ tPmen-bn¬ \n∂v ]ncn-®p-hn-
Sp∂p (A.29)
29:1˛5 bp≤-Øn-\mbn s^en-kvXy¿ H∂n®p IqSn-b-
t∏mƒ ZmhoZpw Iq´cpw Ah-tcmSv tN¿∂p. BJo-in-t\mSv
IqsS ]n≥]-S-bn¬. s^en-kvXy-cpsS Nne {]`p-°-∑m¿
Zmho-Zns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ hnthI ]q¿∆w {]Xn-tj[w
{]I-Sn-∏n-®p. bp≤-Øn-\n-Sbv°v Ah≥ Ah¿°p-t\sc
Xncn-t™-°p-sa∂v Ah¿°p a\- n-em-bn. s^en-kvXy-
cpsS Hcp Iq´w Xe-I-sf-sIm-≠-√msX as‰-¥p-sIm≠v
Ah\v CXn-e-[n-I-ambn iu¬ cmPm-hns\ {]km-Zn-∏n-°p-
hm≥ Ignbpw? iu¬ sIm∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ s^en-
kvXysc sIm∂-Xn\v ]pIgvN e`n® ZmhoZv Ch≥ Xs∂-
bm-bn-cp-∂nt√? F∂n-ßs\ Ah¿ Zmho-Zns\ Ipdn®v
BJo-in-t\mSv tNmZn-®p.
29:6˛11 Ah-cpsS hmZ-߃ \ymb-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-
sIm≠v kn¢m-Knte°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-hm≥ AJoiv Zmho-
Zn-t\mSv A`y¿∞n-®p. Zmho-Zns‚ adp-]Sn Hcp ssZh-]p-cp-
j\p tbmPn® coXn-bn-ep-f-f-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂p tXm∂n-
tb-°mw. Cu i{Xp-°ƒ Xs‚ kz¥ P\-am-bn-cp-∂n-´p-
t]mepw “Fs‚ bP-am-\-\mb cmPm-hns‚ i{Xp-°-fpsS”
t\sc t]mcm-Sp-hm≥ Fs∂ A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂v ]d™v
Ah≥ {]Xn-tj-[n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. apºv ZmhoZv BJo-
in-t\mSv I≈w ]d-™n-´p≠v (A.27). Gsd-°psd s^en-
kvXysc NXn-°p-hm-\p-ff Xs‚ ASpØ {ia-am-bn-cp∂p
AXv. Akm-[m-c-W-sa-t∂mWw, AYhm Ah≥ bn{km-
tb-en-s\-Xn-cmbn hmkvX-h-ambpw bp≤w sNøp-hm-\m-bn-
cp∂p B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬, kz¥ P\-amb bn{k-tb-
ens\ sIm∂v Ah¿s°-Xn-cmbn s^en-kvXy-cpsS i‡n
h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂ e÷m-I-c-amb {]hr-Øn-bn¬ \n∂pw
ssZhw Ahs\ XS-™X - m-bn-cp-∂p. bn{km-tb-en\p t\sc
tKmey-Øns‚ hmƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ Zmho-Zns\ A\p-
h-Zn-°-bn-√.
313
4. Aam-te-Iy¿ tXm¬∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.30)
30:1˛6 BJo-ins‚ ssk\ytØmsSm∏w ZmhoZv hS-
t°m´p bm{X sNbv X kµ¿`- Ø n¬, Aam- t e- I y¿
kn¢mKv sIm≈-bS- n-®p. kv{XoI-sfbpw Ip´n-It- fbpw ASn-
a-I-fm°n ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn. kn¢m-Kn-te°v aS-ßn-
sb-Ønb Zmho-Zns\ ]´-W-Øns‚ \odn-∏p-I™ Ah-
in-jvSß- ƒ am{X-amWv ImWp-hm≥ Ign-™X - v. Hcp ]s£
s^en-kvXy-tcmSp IqsS bp≤-Øn\v t]mb-Xn-\p-ff Hcp
in£-bmbncp∂pthm AXv. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ ssZh-
Øns‚ kz`m- h - k w- _ - ‘ - a m- b p- f f Xs‚ henb
Dƒ°mgvNbmWv ZmhoZv ImWn-®-Xv. ImcWw kI-ehpw
X\n°v {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn Xo¿∂-t∏mƒ Bizm-k-Øn-\mbn
Ah≥ ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v sN∂p. “Ah≥ \sΩ ISn-®p-
Io-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah≥ kuJy-am-°pw. Ah≥ \sΩ
ASn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah≥ apdn-hp-sI´pw” (tlmi 6:1) F∂p
Bsc-°p-dn®v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂pthm B btlm-h-bv°-
√msX a‰m¿°pw CØ- c - s amcp hn]p- e - a mb {]Xn-
k‘nbn¬ Xs∂ he-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n-s√∂v Ah-
\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p.
30:7˛15 btlm-h-tbmSv Acp-f-∏mSv tNmZn® ZmhoZv
hnPbw e`n-°p-sa∂ Dd-t∏msS Aam-tem-Iysc ]n¥p-
S¿∂p. Xs‚ Bfp-If - n¬ Ccp-\q-dp-t]¿°v AXm-bXv aq∂n-
sem∂v Bfp-Iƒ°v s_tkm¿tØmSp IS∂v ho≠pw
bm{X sNbvhm≥ Ign-™n-√. ImcWw Ct∏m-gsØ Ah-
cpsS \jvSw ImcWw Ah¿ am\-kn-I-ambn Xf¿∂n-cp-
∂p. IqSmsX kn¢m-Kn-te-°p-ff aq∂p Znh-ksØ bm{X
sIm≠v Ah¿ imco-cn-I-ambpw hfsc £oWn-®-h-cm-bn-cp-
∂p. Ahsc AhnsS Xma-kn-∏n-®-tijw _m°n-bp-ff
\m\qdpt]cp-ambn ZmhoZv sXt°m´p bm{X sNbvXp.-A-
hcpw £oWn-®-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw ]n¥p-S¿∂p.
Aev]w Ign-™-t∏mƒ Aam-te-Iy-\mb bP-am-\≥ Dt]-
£n® Hcp an{k-bnay Zmks\ hb-en¬ h®v Ah¿ I≠p.
Ah≥ tcmKn-bm-b-Xn¬ Ahs\ acn-°p-hm≥ Dt]-£n-®-
Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Blm-chpw shf-fhpw sImSp-Ø-t∏mƒ
s]´∂v Ah≥ Dt∑jw {]m]n-®p. Ah\v kpc-£n-XXzw
hmKvZm\w sNbvXX
- n-\p-ff {]Xn-^e - a
- m-bn, Aam-te-Iy-cpsS
]mf-b-Øn-te°v Ah≥ Ahsc \bn-®p.
30:16-˛25 ho™v IpSn®v elcn ]nSn® Aam-te-Iy¿
Ah-km-\-ambn I≠ ImgvN Ah-cpsS hnP-bm-tLm-j-
ß-fn-te°v ap∂-dn-bn∏v IqSmsX IS-∂p-h∂ AXn-Yn-sb-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. el-cn-]n-Sn-®p-√-kn-°p∂ B Iq´-Øn-\p-ta¬
Hcp ]pf-fn-∏p-en-sb-t∏mse ZmhoZv NmSn-ho-Wp. B henb
ssk\ysØ ]q¿Æ-ambpw Iog-S-°n. tIhew \m\qdp
_mey-°m¿ am{Xw hmfn-¶¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-´p, H´-I-∏p-
dØp Ibdn HmSn-®p-t]m-bn. bmsXmcp tISpw IqSmsX
B F{_mb XS-hp-Im¿ tamNn-∏n-°-s∏´p: IqSmsX AXn
_rl-Ømb Hcp sImf-fbpw Ah¿°v e`n-®p. CsX√mw
tIhew Ccp-]-Øn-\m-ep-a-Wn-°q-dn-\p-f-fn¬ \S∂ Imcy-
ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Aam-te-Iy-cn¬ \n∂pw ]nSn-s®-SpØ BSp-
am-Sp-Isf X\n-°p-ff Hml-cn-bmbn ZmhoZv FSpØp;
F∂m¬ Xß- t fm- S p- I qsS t]mcmsX s_tkm- c n¬
]m¿Ø kplr-Øp-°ƒ°v sImf-f-bpsS Hmlcn sImSp-
314 1 iap-th¬ 31
°p-∂-Xn¬ Nne¿ hnk-Ω-Xn-®p. At∏mƒ Zmho-Zv, bp≤-
Øn\p t]mIp-∂-hs‚ Hml-cnbpw “kmam\-߃°-cnsI
Xma-kn-°p-∂-hs‚ Hml-cnbpw” Hcpt]mse Bbn-cn-
t°Ww F∂p-ff Hcp \nb-ahpw N´hpw I¬∏n-®m-°n.
(kwJy 31:27 IqSn t\m°p-I).
30:26-˛31 ZmhoZv Xs‚ sImf-f-km-[-\-߃ ]IpXn
sblq-Z-bn-ep-ff Xs‚ kvt\ln-X¿°p kΩm-\-ambn
sImSp-Ø-b-®p. ZmhoZpw Ahs‚ Bfp-Ifpw k©-cn-®p-
h∂ kIe ÿe-ß-fn-te°pw AXp sImSp-Øp-hn-´p.
Ahs‚ i{Xp-°ƒ°p hntcm-[-ambn ssZhw Ahs\
Db¿Øn-sb-∂X - n-\p-ff Hcp sXfn-hm-bn-cp∂p AXv. iu¬
Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ acn®p F∂-dn-bmsX iuep-am-bp-ff
Xs‚ t]mcm- ´ - Ø n¬ klmbw e`n- ∏ m- \ mbn Xs‚
kulr-Z-_-‘-߃ i‡ns∏SpØp-hm≥ {ian-°pI IqSn-
bm-bn-cn-t°Ww ZmhoZv.
IV. iuens‚ acWw (A.31)
31:1˛6 bp≤- Ø n¬ ZmhoZv hnP- b n- ® - t ∏mƒ iu¬
AhnsS ]cm-Pbw G‰p hmßp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. bn{km-tb¬
]n¥n-cn-t™m-Sn. iuens‚ aq∂p ]p{X-∑m¿ sIm√-s∏-
´p. hn√m-fn-I-fm¬ iu¬ G‰hpw A[nIw hnj-a-Øn-em-
bn. iu¬ Kn¬t_mh ]¿∆-X-Øn¬ acn-°m-dmbn InS-
°p-tºmƒ s^en-kvXy¿ Xs∂ I≠v A]-am-\n-°m-Xn-cn-
∏m≥,- Xs∂ sIm∂p If-bp-hm≥ iu¬ Xs‚ Bbp[
hml-I-t\mSv A`y¿∞n-®p. F∂m¬ cmPm-hns\ sIm√p-
hm≥ B a\p-jy≥ `b-s∏-´p. AXp-sIm≠v Hcp hmfn-
t∑¬ kzbw hoWp-sIm≠v iu¬ Xs∂-Øm≥ acn-®p.
AXpsIm≠v DS≥Xs∂ Ahs‚ Bbp-[-hm-l-I\pw
A{]-Imcw Xs∂ sNbvXp.
31:7˛13 Ct∏mƒ Xo¿Øpw `ocp-°-fmbn Xo¿∂ bn{km-
tb¬ AXn-{I-an®p Ib-dnb ssk\y-Øns‚ apºmsI
tZiw hn´p HmSn-t∏m-bn. \nln-X∑ - msc sImf-fb- S- n-°p-hm≥
h∂ s^en-kvXy¿ iuepw ]p{X-∑mcpw Kn¬t_mh ]¿∆-
X-Øn¬ hoWp-In-S-°p-∂Xv I≠p; Ahs‚ Xe sh´n,
B h¿Ø-am\w s^en-kvXy-tZ-i-sØ-√m-Shpw Bsf
Ab®p ]d-bn-®p. iuen-t‚bpw ]p{X-∑m-cp-tSbpw DS¬
Ah¿ t_Ø-im-\n¬ sIm≠p-h∂p \K-c-`n-Øn-bn¬
Xq°n. Knse-bm-Znse bmt_iv \nhm-kn-Iƒ C°m-cy-a-
dn-™-t∏mƒ, B ih-i-co-c-߃ FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-
Xn-\mbn ]Øp ssaep-Iƒ \S∂v Ah¿ AhnsS FØn.
Ah-ti-jn® B DS-ep-Iƒ Zln-∏n-®-tijw Aÿn-Iƒ
bmt_-inse Nn]pe hr£-Øns‚ Nph-´n¬ am\y-amb
coXn-bn¬ Ipgn-®n-´p. cmPm-sh∂ \ne-bn-ep-ff Xs‚ bp≤-
Øn¬ Ah≥ AtΩm-\y-cn¬ \n∂pw Xßsf c£n-®-sX-
{]-Im-ca - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v B a\p-jy¿ ad-∂n-cp-∂n√ (A.11).
km[m-c-W-\n-e-bn¬ bn{km-tb-en¬ ih-Zl\w \S-Øn-
bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp-]s£ ih-i-co-c-߃ Xo¿Øpw AwK-`w-
K- s ∏- ´ - X p- s Im- ≠ mImw ChnsS Cßs\ sNbv X - X v .
Xs∂bpa√ B ih-i-co-c߃ s^en-kvXy-cm¬ ho≠pw
A]-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-ff km≤yX Ah¿ Hgn-hm-°pI
IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
iuens‚ taep-ff ssZhoI in£m-hn[n Aßs\
]q¿Æ-ambn (1 Zn\.10-˛s‚ Ipdn-∏p-t\m-°p-I). ZmhoZv
s^en-kvXy-cm¬ sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-ff {Iao-I-c-W-߃
sNøp-hm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw iu¬ {ian-®p. ]s£, BXy-¥n-
I-ambn Ah-cpsS Iøn¬ hogp-hm-\p-f-f-h≥ Ah≥ Xs∂-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhw \nb-an-®m-°nb {]Imcw knwlm-k\w
Zmho-Zn\v Xs∂ e`n-®p. ZmhoZv ]e-t∏mgpw Xs∂-Øm≥
ka¿∏n-®n-cp∂ btlm-h-bpsS \ymb-{]-Imcw iuen\p
Xs‚ {]h¿Øn°p X° {]Xn-^ew e`n-®p.
ENDNOTES
1(Intro) The Jewish scholar Abarbanel explained
the tradition this way: “All the contents of both books
may in a certain senses be referred to Samuel, even
the deeds of Saul and David because both, having
been anointed by Samuel, were, so to speak, the work
of his hands”(quoted by Erdmann, “The Books of
Samuel,” Lange’s Commentary on the Holy Scrip-
tures, p.1).
2(Intro) Eugene H. Merrill, “1 Samuel,” The Bible
knowledge Commentary,p.432.
3(1:11-18) Bishop Hall, quoted in Spurgeon’s
Devotional Bible, p.222.
4(1:19-28) Gesenius and other Hebrew scholars
believed the name means name (Shem) of God.
5(3:1-3) George Williams, The Student’s
Commentary on the Holy Scriptures,p.140.
6(6:19-21) Flavius Josephus, The Works of Flavius
Josephus (Ant. Vi 1:4), p.178.
7(6:19-21)C. F. Keil and F. Delitzasch, “The Books
of Samuel, “Biblical Commentary on the Old
Testament, VII : 68.
8(10:7-9)Some Evangelical Scholars consider Saul
a believer, but one who become terribly backslidden
and then mentally deranged. They argue that it is
improbable that God would choose an unregenerate
person to be the first king of His chosen people.
9.(10:17-19) Matthew Henry, “I Samuel,” in
Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible.,
II :334,35.
10(12:1-13) The names Bedan and Barak look
much alike in the ancient texts. Hebrew “d”(dalet)
and “r”(resh) are often confused in coping, as well as
the final forms of “n” (nun) and “k” (kaph).

11(13:1) A large part of OT ms. Problems have to
do with the Hebrew system of numbers, which were
easy to mis-copy. See commentary on Chronicles for
more details on this.
12(13:2-5) See Previous note.
13(14:16-23) The old RV of 1885 reads: “Bring
hither the Ephod: for he wore the Ephod at that time
before Israel.”
14(15:13-35) Christian F. Erdmann, “The Books
of Samuel,” in Lange’s Commentary on the Holy
Scriptures, Critical, Doctrinal and Homiletical, III:209.
15(16:14-23) Arthur Rendle Short, The Bible and
Modern Medicine, p.71.
16(17:55-58) The Septuagint omits these verses.
17(17:55-58) Williams, Student’s commentary,
p.152.
315
18(17:55-58) Michael Griffiths, Take My Life,
p.128.
19(21:10-15) De Rothschild, further documentation
unavailable.
20(23:13-18) Perhaps he felt a loyalty to his father’s
position even though he knew that he was personally
in the wrong.
20(23:13-18) Perhaps he felt a loyalty to his father’s
position even though he knew that he was personally
in the wrong.
21(26:21-25) Thesemay have been mere words.
On the other hand, if Saul was sincere it could be an
argument that in spite of his sin and his paranoia he
did have faith in God.
22(27:1-4)Keil and Delitzsch, suggesting a fifty-
year reign as “not impossible,” believe the same Achish
is mentioned in both texts, as well as in 1 Kgs.
2:39(“Samuel,” VII:255).
NOTES