Subjects/

Respondents
Teacher Niña
Subjects
Are persons investigated in the
study.
When learning abilities of pre-school
pupils are being assessed in the
study, the pre-school pupils are the
subjects.
Respondents
Are providers of information needed in
the study, elicited orally or in writing.

Pupil's teachers and mothers who will be

interviewed and asked to fill out a
questionnaire are the respondents of the
study
Participants of the
study
Population

Sample
(who is the
Size
population)

Sampling
Sample
method/
Frame
technique
Sample Size
Potential participants

-tourists
-visitors
-host
-family
-friends
-employees
-managers

Sample Frame

-e.g. telephone directory, census

list, passenger manifest,
enrollment list, hotel guest list,
client database, etc.

 Sampling method

(2006)
According to Neuman

For population under 1,000 researchers should sample

30% of the population
For population over 10,000 researchers should sample
a minimum of 10% of the population
For populations over 150,000 researchers should sample
1% of the population

According to Krejcie & Morgan (1970) Sample

Size Table
 1. Determine the size of the study

Slovin's/
population – this is easily
determined from the scope and

Sloven's limitation of the study.

2. Decide on the margin of error –

method 5% up to 10%
3. Use the formula: (for big
population)
Sampling Techniques

Simple random sampling

- Lottery method
- Number method

Systematic Sampling (file method)

-Assign numbers to the sampling frame
(e.g every 5th name in the list)
Sampling Techniques

Stratified random sampling

-The population is divided into strata (e.g. gender,
economic status, age, location, telephone prefixes,
etc.)

Cluster Sampling
-Population is clustered in groups (e.g. geography)
-The clusters are selected randomly
Sampling Techniques

Convenience Sampling
-Also called accidental, chunk and grab sampling

Purposive Sampling
-Also referred to as ‘Judgmental Sampling’

Snowball Sampling
-Also known as ‘Referral Sampling’
 Sampling Techniques
Expert Sampling

-Involves only the people who are the research ‘experts’

Quota Sampling
-The researcher calculates a set number of participants for
inclusion based on some predetermined variables (gender,
age, etc.)
-Afterwards, convenience sampling is applied in the
selection process
Sample Research Subjects

 Resource Page

https://www.slideshare.net/neil072281/chapter-3-research-
methodology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cc2MU0E-iQY

https://www.academia.edu/27560274/Chapter_III_RESEARCH_DESIG
N_and_METHODOLOGY