viii Contents

31.4 Differentiation of further logarithmic 38 Some applications of integration 375

functions 326 38.1 Introduction 375
31.5 Differentiation of [ f (x)]x 328 38.2 Areas under and between curves 375
38.3 Mean and r.m.s. values 377
Revision Test 9 330 38.4 Volumes of solids of revolution 378
38.5 Centroids 380
32 Differentiation of hyperbolic functions 331 38.6 Theorem of Pappus 381
32.1 Standard differential coefficients of 38.7 Second moments of area of regular
hyperbolic functions 331 sections 383
32.2 Further worked problems on
differentiation of hyperbolic functions 332 39 Integration using algebraic substitutions 392
39.1 Introduction 392
33 Differentiation of inverse trigonometric and 39.2 Algebraic substitutions 392
hyperbolic functions 334 39.3 Worked problems on integration using
33.1 Inverse functions 334 algebraic substitutions 392
33.2 Differentiation of inverse trigonometric 39.4 Further worked problems on integration
functions 334 using algebraic substitutions 394
33.3 Logarithmic forms of the inverse 39.5 Change of limits 395
hyperbolic functions 339
33.4 Differentiation of inverse hyperbolic Revision Test 11 397
functions 341

34 Partial differentiation 345 40 Integration using trigonometric and hyperbolic

34.1 Introduction to partial derivatives 345 substitutions 398
34.2 First order partial derivatives 345 40.1 Introduction 398
34.3 Second order partial derivatives 348 40.2 Worked problems on integration of sin2 x,
cos2 x, tan2 x and cot2 x 398
35 Total differential, rates of change and small 40.3 Worked problems on powers of sines and
changes 351 cosines 400
35.1 Total differential 351
40.4 Worked problems on integration of
35.2 Rates of change 352 products of sines and cosines 401
35.3 Small changes 354 40.5 Worked problems on integration using the
36 Maxima, minima and saddle points for functions sin θ substitution 402
of two variables 357 40.6 Worked problems on integration using
36.1 Functions of two independent variables 357 tan θ substitution 404
36.2 Maxima, minima and saddle points 358 40.7 Worked problems on integration using the
36.3 Procedure to determine maxima, minima sinh θ substitution 404
and saddle points for functions of two 40.8 Worked problems on integration using the
variables 359 cosh θ substitution 406
36.4 Worked problems on maxima, minima
41 Integration using partial fractions 409
and saddle points for functions of two
41.1 Introduction 409
variables 359
41.2 Worked problems on integration using
36.5 Further worked problems on maxima,
partial fractions with linear factors 409
minima and saddle points for functions of
two variables 361 41.3 Worked problems on integration using
partial fractions with repeated linear
factors 411
Revision Test 10 367
41.4 Worked problems on integration using
partial fractions with quadratic factors 412
37 Standard integration 368
37.1 The process of integration 368 θ
42 The t = tan substitution 414
37.2 The general solution of integrals of the 2
form ax n 368 42.1 Introduction 414
θ
37.3 Standard integrals 369 42.2 Worked problems on the t = tan
2
37.4 Definite integrals 372 substitution 415