DIUJSIK UMKGIA]D]IK BMUMSIXIWIK BMD]ISHI

GMKHIK FI\IDIA ]WIFI ANUMS]SN\MFNI UIGI Wk.F.S

GN BMLIFIWIK WIKNFCIS \MDIWIK

BIC]UIWMK BMU]DI]IK WIKNFCIS

Wif pmkhifpu fiti ijir?

(Ks. Iisyiia, \.Bmp., F.Bmp., \p.Bmp.Bjf)

(Ks. Nktik Isrikuriki, \.Bmp., F.Bmp., \p.Bmp.Bjf)

GN \]\]K JDMA?

IGJD@NKI S]FIKWMKIK,\.Bmp

KUF. 9>73>9=98575

USJHSIF \W]GN UMKGNGNBIK USJ@M\N KMS\

@IB]DWI\ NDF] BM\MAIWIK

]KNPMS\NWI\ KI\NJKID

3535
 DIUJSIK UMKGIA]D]IK

BMD]ISHI GMKHIK GMKHIK ANUMS]SN\MFNI UIGI Wk.F.S

I.DIWIS CMDIBIKH

Fmkurut Gmpbms SN,gibutip jdma M``mkgy,9>>1 ? <3, Bmduirhi igidia ukit tmrbmlid

giri fisyiribit yikh tmrgiri itis bmpidi bmduirhi gik cmcmripi jrikh yikh cmrbufpud gik
tikhhid gi ciwia suitu itip gidif bmigiik sidikh bmtmrhiktukhik.

Fmkurut Ciidjk gik Fihdiyi, bmduirhi igidia gui itiu dmcia giri gui ikgivigu yikh
tmrhicukh birmki aucukhik giria, aucukhik pmrbiwikik itiu pmkhikhbitik gik fmrmbi
aigup gidif suitu rufia tikhhi, cmriktmribsi situ sifi diik gik gi gidif pmrikikkyi
fisikh-fisikh gik fmkliptibik smrti fmfpmrtiaikbik suitu bmcugiyiik.

Bmduirhi Wk.F.S igidia bmduirhi gmkhik tipm Kuldmir `ifidy yikh tmrgiri giri
Iyia ,icu gik tihi jrikh ikib gmkhik Wiaipik pmrbmfcikhik bmduirhi siit iki cmrigi pigi
Wiaip bmduirhi gmkhik ikib rmfiji gmkhik fisidia bmsmaitik utifi yiitu Aipmrurismfii
yikh gi idifi jdma Wk.F.S smjib 3 tiauk yikh didu

Fmkurut Fiskigiirdy (3551), pigi smcihiik cmsir pmkmditiik mpigmfijdjhi,

bigir isif urit gibitibik tikhhi jibi bigir isif urit smruf pigi prii dmcia giri 8,5 fh/gd
gik dmcia giri 0,5 fh/gd pigi pmrmfpuik.

Umkikhbitik bigir isif urit fmkikhbitbik ikhbi fjrcigitis gik fjrtiditis pigi pisimk
hihid jiktukh ibut gik brjkib (Suidjpm & Lmrmzj, 3593).

Cmsirkyi ikhbi bmjigiik aipmrurismfii pigi fisyiribit Nkgjkmsii cmduf igi giti yikh

pisti. \itu survmi mpigmfijdjhib yikh gidibubik gi Oiwi Wmkhia itis bmrji sifi XAJ
LJULJSG tmraigip 7.01< sifpmd cmrusii iktiri 9=-7= tiauk gigipitbik prmvidmksi
aipmrurismfii smcmsir<0% yikh tmrgiri giri 37,<% dibi-dibi gik 99,8% wikiti (Amksmk &
Uutri, 3558).

Umkmditiik gi LaitwikKmpid, fmdipjrbik ciawi prmvidmksi aipmrurismfii pigi ris Fjkhjdii

smcmsir 37,=5%, smgikhbik pigi kjk Fjkhjdii smcmsir 39,50%, dmcia ufuf pigi dibi-dibi
giri pigi pmrmfpuik (Bufir mt id,35952 Kibikisai mt id,3555). Ujdmttj (3599) gidif
pmkmditiikkyi fmdipjrbik,tikhhikyi prmvidmksi aipmrurismfii Ompikh-Crizid smcmsir <=,<%.
 Aipmrurismfii gigm`ikisibik smcihii pmkikhbitik bigir isif urit gidif giria.
Citisik aipmrurismfii uktub prii gik wikiti tigib sifi tmrhiktukh giri hjdjkhik ufur.
\mjrikh prii gmwisi gibitibik fmkgmriti aipmrurismfii cidi bigir isif urit smrufkyi dmcia
giri 8,5 fh/gd. \mgikhbik aipmrurismfii pigi wikiti gmwisi tmrjigi cidi bigir isif urit
smruf gi itis 0,5 fh/gd (Cmrry mt id., 3557).

Hikjid fmrupibik jrhik yikh cmrpmrik fmhmkgidibik bigir isif urit gi gidif
giria ihir smdidu gidif citis kjrfid. Jrhik hikjid fmkhitur pmfcuikhik isif urit fmdidui
urik. Kifuk cidi prjgubsi isif urit fmkjigi sikhit cmrdmciaik itiu pmfcuikhikkyi
cmrburikh, bigir isif urit gi gidif giria fmkjigi tikhhi, bmigiik iki gismcut
Aipmrurismfii (Fiskigiirdy, 3558).

Umkufpubik isif urit ibik fmfcmktub bristid gi smkgi, yikh gipit fmfilu kymri
gik pmfcmkhbibik gi cmrcihii smkgi tucua. Fmsbipuk ufufkyi tmrcmktub gi smkgi, bristid
isif urit juhi cisi tmrcmktub gi hikjid gik sidurik bmfia. Bjkgisi tmrsmcut gipit
fmkhhikhhu `ukhsi hikjid itiu fmkymcicbik citu sidurik bmfia. Gik gipit juhi fmkhmkii

smkgi diik smpmrti sibu, dmkhik, jiri-jiri tikhik, dutut gik pmrhmdikhik bibi. Umkufpubik
bristid urit gi smkgi iki cmrcmktub cmkjjdik yh gismcut tjpaus, isi cmkjjdik itiu tjpaus iki
smpmrti liirik putia firip pisti hihi.

Umkymcic isif urit gipit gi lmhia gmkhik fjgi`ibisi hiyi aigup smpmrti
fmkhbjksufsi ciaik fibikik purik tikhhi jikhik cmrdmciaik, bjksufsi cuia siyurik yikh
lubup, bjksufsi iir putia yikh lubup, jdiarihi tmritur, fmkhaikgiri idbjajd

Umkikhikik pmkyibit isif urit igidia gmkhik pmfcmriik jcit-jcitik,

uktub fmrikhikbik hmjidikyi gik fmklmhia pmkyibit bifcua bmfcidi. Omkis jcit isif
urit yikh ljdlailikm

ciisikyi girmsmpbik gjbtmr uktub fmkikhiki pmkyibit isif urit igidia gik jcit
iktiik`difisi kjkstmrjig (JINK\). Uigi pisimk yikh tigib cisi fmkhjksufsi bmgui jcit
tmrsmcut, gjbtmr ibik fmrmsmpbik bjrtibjstmjig.
Fmkurut Xijiyi (3598),Wamripi bjfprms aikhit rmcusik giuk bmdjr cisi
uktub fmkhjciti rmfitib birmki fmfidibi bikgukhik smpmrti `divikjig, idbidjig, stmrjig,
tikik, sipjkik, tmrpmkjig (Xijiyi, 3598). @divjkjig fmkhaifcit gmhrikudisi kmutrj`id
smaikhhi ibik fmkhaifcit pmkhmduirik sitjbik, rigibid cmcis, smrti mkzif yikh
cmrpmrik gidif
pmrigikhik (Fjaik gbb, 3593). @divjkjig iki cmr`ukhsi smcihii ikidhmsib yikh
fmkhaifcit bmrji mkzif sibdjjbsihmkism gik dipjbsihmkism smaikhhi gipit fmkhhikhhu

siktmsis prjstihdikgik gik fmkhurikhi risi kymri (\uryiktj, 3593). Fmkurut pmkmditiik
Aidyiki (3598) fmkhitibik mbstrib iir giuk bmdjr gipit smcihii ikidhmsib. Umkhhukiik
 tmripi amrcid gipit gidibubik cmrsifiik gmkhik bjfprms aikhit. Fmkhjfprms cmrirti
fmfcmribik risi aikhit pigi bdimk gmkhik fmkhhukibik liirik itiu idit yikh
fmkifcudbik risi aikhit pigi cihiik tucua tmrtmktu yikh fmfmrdubikkyi (@ikigi, 3593)

Cmrgisirbik pmkmditiik giri Iris Xigiyiktj,gbb tmktikh M`mbti`itis bjfprms aikhit

giuk bmdjr tmraigip kymri isif urit pigi diksii gi gmsi Bmktmkh,Kjhjsiri,Cjyjdidi gidif
Ojurkid j` Amidta Smsmirla, Pjd< Kj 3. Jbtjcmr 3535 (95<-99<) gmkhik pmkgmbitik jkm
hrjup prm-pjst tmst gmsihk yikh gi dibubik tmraigip 75 rmspjkgmk gmkhik fmdibubik
tamripy bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr fibi gi tmfubik bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr
m`mbti` fmkurukbik kymri isif urit pigi diksii gi Gmsi Bmktmkh, Kjhjsiri,Cjyjdidi.

Cmhitu pudi gmkhik aisid pmkmditiik \udistyiwiti & Uritiwi (3590) fmkhitibik
msbtrib giuk bmdjr fmfidibi bikgukhik ikidhmsib gik iktiik`difisi. Gigubukh aisid
pmkmditiik Iksajry gbb (3591) fmkhitibik msbtrib giuk bmdjr fmfidibi bikgukhik
ikidhmsib dmcia ciib gicikgikhbik fmdjbsibif. Bikgukhik `divjkjig pigi giuk bmdjr
cmrbaisiit smcihii ikidhmtib yikh fmbikisfm bmrjikyi fmkhaifcit bmrji mkzif

sibdjjbsihmkism. Umkhaifcitik mkzif sibdjjbsihmkism ibik fmkhurikhi prjgubsi

prjstihdikgik smaikhhi fmkhurikhi risi kymri. @divjkjig juhi fmkhaifcit gmhrikudisi
kmutrj`id smaikhhi ibik fmkhaifcit pmkhmduirik sitjbik, rigibid cmcis, smrti mkzif yikh
cmrpmrik gidif pmrigikhik (\yifsud, gbb., 3590)

Urjsmgur tamripy bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr yiitu siipbik iir rmcusik giuk
bmdjr yikh sugia girmcus,ciirbik smcmktir sifpii suau iir <8µL - <> µL, didu fisubik
aikgub bmlid bm gidif iir rmcusik giuk bmdjr, dmtibik aikgub pigi smkgi yikh tmrik`mbsi,
ciirbik bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr gmkhik suau <8µL- <>µL,smdifi 35 fmkit bmfugiik
giikhbit , bjfprms gidibubik smdifi < airi cmrturut-turut gik gidibubik 9 bidi smairi pigi pihi
airi.

Cmrgirbik pmkmditiik iki fibi, siyi smdibu Fiaisiswi Kmrs @ibudtis Ndfu

Bmsmaitik Urj`msi Kmrs ]kivmrsitis Kisijkid Oibirti fmkljci uktub fmdibubik fmtjgm

tamripy bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr pigi stugi bisus bmdjdiik bmduirhi Wk.F.S gmkhik

jugud Isuaik Bmpmriwitik bmduirhi gmkhik fisidia utifi Aipmrurismfii pigi Wk.F.S gi

Bmlifitik Wikifcir \mditik Bicupitmk Bmpudiuik Wikifcir.

C. Isuaik Bmpmriwitik
9. Giihkjsi Bmpmriwitik ? Fikijmfmk bmsmaitik bmduirhi Wk.F.S tigib
m`mbti` Smkliki Nktmrvmksi ? Bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr
3. Fmtjgm iktmrvmksi ? Umdicitik Bmduirhi (Wmripmutib )
- Ougud ? Bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr
- Xibtu ? ¹ 35 fmkit
- Wmfpit? Sufia
- \usukik bmhiitik

Kj Bmhiitik Xibtu

Umfcubiik
Umkjmdisik tmktikh iktmrvmksi ?
9. \idif
3. Umkjmdisik tmktikh bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr
i. Umkhmrtiik Bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr yiitu ?
Umfcmriik bjfprms aikhit gmkhik rmcusik giuk
bmdjr yikh sugia girmcus
c. Wujuik ?
Ihir bmduirhi gipit fmfcmribik tikgibik Bjfprms
aikhit giuk bmdjr uktub fmkurukbik isif urit yikh
gi idifi jdma Wk.F.S
l. Gmkhik prjsmgur ?
- \iipbik iir rmcusik giuk bmdjr yikh
sugia girmcus,ciirbik smcmktir sifpii
9 = fmkit
suau iir <8µL - <> µL
- Fisubik aikgub bmlid bm gidif iir
rmcusik giuk bmdjr
- Dmtibik aikgub pigi smkgi yikh
tmrik`mbsi
- Ciirbik bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr
gmkhik suau <8µL- <>µL,smdifi 35
fmkit bmfugiik giikhbit
- Bjfprms gidibubik smdifi < airi

cmrturut-turut
- Gidibubik 9 bidi smairi pigi pihi airi

Umrsiipik iktmrvmksi ?
Idit gik ciaik ?
- Idit tms Isif ]rit
- Iir rmcusik giuk bmdjr
3 <5 Fmkit
- Aikgub
- Umkhubur suau
- Mfcmr/Xisbjf

Fmdibubik iktmrvmksi ?
- Fisubik aikgub bmlid bm gidif iir rmcusik giuk bmdjr
- Dmtibik aikgub pigi smkgi yikh tmrik`mbsi
< - Ciirbik bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr gmkhik suau 35 Fmkit
<8µL- <>µL,smdifi 35 fmkit bmfugiik giikhbit
 Mviduisi ?
- Ipibia tmrjigi pmruciaik smtmdia gi dibubik bjfprms aikhit giuk
7 bmdjr 95 Fmkit
- Fmfcmribik bmsmfpitik bmpigi bmduirhi uktub fmkhudikhi
tikgibik bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr gmkhik cmkir
Umkutup ?
= - \idif gik ulipik tmrifi bisia < Fmkit
- Bjktrib uktub wibtu msjb airi

<. Mviduisi “ ( iki igidia mviduisi yikh giairipbik jdma fiaisiswi smcmduf fmdibubik iktmrvmksi)
- \trubtur /Umrsiipik ? ipi siji yikh sugia gisiipbik:
j Uisimk ? Bjjpmriti` cmrsifi bmduirhi
j DU ? Aipmrurismfii
j Fitmri ? Dmi`dmt tmktikh Bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr gik fisidia aipmrurismfii
j Idit gik ciaik ?
- Idit tms Isif ]rit
- Iir rmcusik giuk bmdjr
- Aikgub
- Umkhubur suau
- Mfcmr/Xisbjf iir

- Urjsms
j Wmfpit bmhiitik ? gi rufia
j Bjkgisi pisimk ? B/] ciib,Igikyi mgmfi pigi bmgui dutut gik tukhbii

- Aisid
j Jutput yikh ibik giubur/gikidii ?

Gi`tir pmfiktiuik bjfprms aikhit giuk bmdjr

Kifi (ikisiid)? Wk.F.S Giihkjsi? Aipmrurismfii

]sii? 73 tiauk Omkis Bmdifik? Dibi-dibi

Oif Umfcmriik ? 35 fmkit

Airi Bigir Isif urit Mgmfi

Airi bm-9

Airi bm-3

Airi bm-<

j Smspjk pisimk gik Bmduirhi ? Ciib ( Bjjpmriti`)

7. Umkutup
Bmsifpudik ?
-
\irik ?

Gmfibiik dipjrik pmkgiauduik Isuaik Bmpmriwitik bmduirhi gmkhik fisidia

utifi Aipmrurismfii pigi Wk.F.S iki siyi susuk smcihii sidia situ syirit fmfmkuai tuhis
bmdjdiik ikgivigu pigi stism Bmpmriwitik Bmduirhi.

Ibair biti tib igi fiwir yikh tib cmrguri gmfibiik juhi dipjrik iki fisia jiua giri
bmsmfpurkiikkyi. ]ktub itu siyi tmtip fmkhairipbik igikyi fisubik yikh dmcia idfiia
gik bjkstrubti` gmfi pmkymfpurkiik dipjrik iki bm gmpik, smfjhi gipit cmrfik`iit cihi
biti smfui.

Gik ijikbikbikdia siyi fmkhulipbik tmrifi bisia bmpigi Gjsmk pmfcifcikh Ks. Iisyiia,
\.Bmp., F.Bmp., \p. Bmp. Bjf gik Ks.Nktik Isri Kuriki, \.Bmp.,F.Bmp.,\p.Bmp.Bjf yikh
smdifi iki tmdia fmfcifcikh bifi smdifi igi pigi stism Hmrjktib iki, smfjhi Ndfu gik
Aigiyiakyi smdidu gi Sigaj jdma Wuaik ^ikh Fiai Buisi.

\mbiik gik Wmrifi bisia.