ACTIVITY: ABP 32d – AB Machinery and Mechanization

Republic of the Philippines

Mindoro State University
Main Campus, Alcate, Victoria, Oriental Mindoro
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

Instruction:
Group yourself and select the group’s desired topic to discuss. All references must
be included following the APA format - Pictures, Tables and Formulas.

Arman M. Rivera
BSABE III

Water Pumping Machinery

Water pumps and dewatering

systems are water control
equipment that utilise pumping or
evaporation to remove or drain
various forms of water from
construction sites, riverbeds, mine
shafts, underground metro
networks, tunnels, caisson, and
even residential buildings. For
many sites, these systems are
critical during rainy season,
periods of heavy rain, or for site
in flood zones, as groundwater
and rain can flood an entire site
within just a few hours, causing
delays, surface erosion, structural damage, downtime and more.

There are a few sorts of water pumps, including positive displacement pumps, centrifugal
pumps, jet pumps, and submersible pumps. Some systems are installed to work continuously
as a long-term solution, where they are ready to kick into action on notice, while others are
utilised on and off or on a short-term basis (as equipment or service hire) typically after water
penetration or damage has occurred.

WHAT DO POWERPUMPS DO?

The main purpose of a water pumping system is to move water from one area to another.
They are often applied to construction sites as a form of water extraction, assisting in the
removal of water when excavating, at sewage plants, in flooded areas or when dealing with
water wells and oil wells. Water pumps are not limited however to just construction sites,
they can be utilised on residential sites, industrial sites or commercial sites assisting in
dewatering purposes. For hiring of water pumping systems a water pumper is required. A
water pumper operates the water pumping machine and ensures that it is running effectively.

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With thousands of water pump suppliers listed on iSeekplant, you can find a qualified water
pumper near you with suppliers located in Brisbane, Sydney, Perth, Darwin and Australia
wide.

TYPES OF WATER PUMPS:

Manual Pumps

 Suction/Piston/Plunger Pump
 Rower Pump
 Treadle Pump
 Chain/Washer Pump
 Direct action/Direct Drive/High Lift Pump
 Rope (rotary) Pump
 Deep-well Diaphragm Pump
 Helical rotor/Progressive Cavity Pump
 Deep-well Hand/Lift/Piston Pump

Mechanized Pumps

 Automotive water pump

 Agricultural water pump
 Boiler Water circulating pump
 Dewatering Pump
 Groundwater remediation and Sampling Pump
 Industrial Water Pump
 Saltwater or sea water Pump
 Storm Water Pump
 Sump Pump
 Wastewater Pump
 Waterworks and water treatment Pumps

HAND PUMPS
Handpumps, which have been around for centuries,
can provide a cost-effective solution to allow the rural
poor to gain access to clean water for drinking and other
purposes. Handpumps are capable of lifting small
amounts of water from depths of up to 100 meters and
allow the water source to be sealed, reducing the risk for
potential source contamination during water collection
(Olley, 2008).

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Operation Principle:

Handpumps operate on the principles of fluid

mechanics. Mechanical energy is used to lift the
water from some depth below ground to the
surface, and the water is moved by taking
advantage of pressure differences. The fluid moves
from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure
when the piston is moved up and down. When the
piston is moved upwards, there is a decrease in
pressure within the cylinder. This causes the water
to flow into the cylinder through the foot valve.
When the piston moves down, the water is forced
downwards, increasing the pressure. The foot valve
closes, the piston valve opens, and the high
pressure water exits through the outlet pipe.
Therefore, the pressure within the cylinder
automatically controls the operations of the foot
valve and piston valve.

SPECIFICATIONS:

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WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT:

Suction/Piston/Plunger Pump

Piston pumps and plunger pumps are reciprocating positive displacement pumps that use
a plunger or piston to move media through a cylindrical chamber. They are also called well
service pumps, high pressure pumps, or high viscosity pumps because they can deliver high
pump pressures and are capable of handling both viscous and solids containing media.

Operation:

Piston pumps and plunger pumps use a mechanism (typically rotational) to create a
reciprocating motion along an axis, which then builds pressure in a cylinder or working barrel
to force gas or fluid through the pump. The pressure in the chamber actuates the valves at
both the suction and discharge points.

Specification:

The primary specifications to consider when selecting pumps are flowrate, stroke
volume, pump head, pressure, horsepower, power rating, outlet diameter, and operating
temperature.

Discharge Size Size of the pump discharge or outlet connection.

Media Temperature Temperature of the media being pumped.
Maximum The maximum flow the pump is designed to generate.
Discharge Flow This value is dependent on the system or pressure head
the pump must enter.
Maximum Discharge The maximum pressure the pump is designed to

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Pressure generate.

Rower Pump

The rower pump is an inclined version of the suction pump which is operated by pulling
directly on a ‘T’ bar connected to the piston rod. It is called the Rower pump because of the
rowing action used by the operator. The pump has the advantages of easy action to the
suction and piston valves and the relatively cheap cost of manufacture.

Treadle Pump

A treadle pump treadle pump treadle pump is another type of suction pump designed to
lift water from a depth of 7 metres or less. The treadle pump
has a lever pushed by the foot to drive the pump. Because leg
muscles are stronger than arm muscles, this design is less
tiring to use than other human powered water lifters. Most of

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the parts can be manufactured locally hence the treadle pump is relatively simple and
inexpensive to build.

Parts of Treadle Pump

Chain Washer Pump

A chain pump consists of two large wheels, connected by an endless chain. The bottom
wheel is half immersed in the water source. The chain then carries the empty buckets back
down to be refilled and the process continues. Moat or pulley-system: It is a manual irrigation
method.

Direct action/Direct Drive/High Lift Pump

These pumps have a piston designed to operate

within water and have an internal pipe that acts
both as a piston and as a pump rod. As this is raised
the piston valve closes so that the water inside it is
raised and it also draws further water into the pump
body. When the pump handle is pushed down, the

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internal pipe displaces the water that is in the pump body so that it flows into the pump ‘rod’
and in so doing water is also discharged from the pump.
Parts of Direct Action Hand Pump

Test Procedure:

The basic principle of a pumping test is that if we pump water from a well and measure
the pumping rate and the drawdown in the well, then substitute these measurements into an
appropriate formula and calculate the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer.

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Rope Pump

A rope pump is a kind of pump where a loose hanging rope is lowered into a well and
drawn up through a long pipe with the bottom immersed in water. On the rope, round disks or
knots matching the diameter of the pipe are attached which pull the water to the surface.

Various Rope Pump Models

 The AB Model is designed for boreholes (tube-wells).

 The AH Model is designed for hand dug wells and preferably includes a concrete well
cover.
 The Pi Model is sometimes used on hand dug wells on household level.

Main Components of Rope Pump

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Deep-well Diaphragm Pump

This type of pump working principle is as simple as two

valves opening and closing using air pressure to force a
piston back and forth. The flexible diaphragm shrinks and
expands like a balloon, it takes water in the inlet valve and
takes it out in the outlet valve which is connected to a hose
which leads the water to the surface.

Progressive Cavity Pump

A progressive cavity pump is a

positive displacement pump employing a
rotor and stator assembly to create a
temporary chambers to draw fluid into,
which ‘progress’ through the pump
resulting in the fluid being expelled
through the discharge port. They are
commonly found in waste water
applications for moving viscous slurry and
sludge containing softer-type solids.

Double Diaphragm Pump

A double diaphragm pump is a positive displacement pump which utilises two flexible
diaphragms that reciprocate back and forth, creating a temporary chamber, which both draws
in and expels fluid through the pump. The diaphragms work as a separation wall between the
air and the liquid.

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How it Works?

When you connect compressed air to an AODD pump, it goes into an air motor which
directs the air to push a diaphragm, ‘pushing the liquid out’. The diaphragm which gets
pushed is connected to a shaft which will pull the opposite diaphragm creating a cavity on the
other side, ‘drawing in the liquid’. At the bottom and top of the two cavities, there are one
way valves, often a ball valve or a flap valve. So when a cavity is closed it pushes the liquid
up and out while on the other side, it opens a cavity sucking in the liquid. This will then
alternate back closing the cavity on the other side and opening the other.

MECHANIZED PUMPS

Automotive Water Pump

Automotive water pump also known as the

coolant pump must drive the coolant and safeguard
the circulation required for heat exchange. As such,
within the heating and cooling system, it helps the
engine to reach optimum operating temperature
quickly, to stay at this temperature and to avoid
overheating. The cooling system runs from the
radiator to the engine and back to the radiator.

How it Works?

The fan belt only turns hen the engine is running. At this point the central spindle of the
pump also turns. When the central spindle turns, the paddle-like protrusions also turn and
utilize the centrifugal force, it creates suction. This allows the pump to get water from the
radiator and then sends it to the engine by the hoses. The water then absorbs the heat being
generated by the engine and goes back to the radiator where it is cooled.

AGRICULTURAL WATER PUMP

The agriculture water pump is the

most effective machine for irrigation
purposes. They play a fundamental part
in agriculture as they pump water from
the source to the agricultural field.
Pumps can be used for many types of
irrigation, such as drip, sprinkler, and
using a hosepipe.
Various types of fuel operated
water pump machines are available in
the market. Some of the types include
diesel, petrol, kerosene, and electrically operated water pump machines. They are chosen
based on the budget, land size, water source, power sources required.
Applications of water pump are Domestic use, Irrigation of farms, Agriculture use,
Submerged pump in Fountains, Wells, Sumps, and Water tanks.

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TYPE OF FUEL OPERATED WATER PUMP

1. Petrol Engine Water Pump

2. Diesel Engine Water Pump
3. Kerosine Engine Water Pump
4. Electric Water Pump

PETROL ENGINE WATER PUMP

As the name shows these pumps are operated

by using a 4-stroke petrol engine, able to pump
water from source to the field effectively.

DIESEL ENGINE WATER PUMP

These water pumps operated by 4-stroke diesel

fuel operated engine have a single cylinder

KEROSENE/GASOLINE WATER PUMP

Kerosene engine water pumps use petrol fuel to start but run with kerosene fuel. It is a
cost-effective engine.

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ELECTRIC WATER PUMP

In this section we have an open well submersible water pump, self-priming electric water
pump and electric operated water pump machines.

 Open well submersible: KK-WPE-37SB, KK-

WPE-400SB, KK-WPE-750SB, and KK-WPE-
75SB.
 Self-priming electric water pump: KK-WPE-
10010SP, KK-WPE-5010SP, and KK-WPE-
7510SP.
 Water pump machines: KK-WPE-2510, KK-
WPE-4015 and KK-WPE-5020.

PARTS OF ELECTRIC WATER PUMP

BOILER CIRCULATING WATER PUMP

The Boiler circulating pump motor (wet winding

motor) is manufactured by HPC in the early 1980s with
transferring KSB technology from Germany. The motor
was specially designed and manufactured with three-
phase squirrel cage asynchronous motor, mainly applied
to 300MW and 600MW subcritical boiler as circulating
water pumps or circulation system of primary coolant
loop in small nuclear power plant. A special pump test
bench has been constructed In order to meet the needs of

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the market to develop a new product for the 1000MW supercritical circulating boiler water
pump and motor.

INDUSTRIAL WATER PUMP

Industrial water pumps have many different functions, which allows them to be highly
versatile in industrial settings. These pumps are able to:

 Remove excess water from construction sites

 Pump water away in areas that are usually flooded from heavy rains
 Get rid of water in areas where stagnant water causes costly disruptions of work
 Pump water to many different manufacturing processes, which extend from cooling and
thermal processes to mining and power processes
 Help with the treatment of effluent and wastewater

The exact functions of your industrial water pump depend on the type of pump that you
choose. If you are looking to send water to numerous manufacturing process throughout the
facility, you will likely need to obtain a large water pump with enough space to send water to
the entire facility.

2 COMMON TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL WATER PUMPS

While there are many different types of industrial water pumps that you can obtain for
your facility, these types can be further divided into two separate categories, which include
centrifugal pumps and positive displacement pumps. Understanding the difference between
these two pump types should make it easy for you to identify which one is right for your
industrial facility. Centrifugal pumps are much more common than positive displacement
pumps and are used solely for moving water. On the other hand, positive displacement pumps
are able to move water and build pressure when necessary.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Centrifugal pumps have the potential to be very large to account for the needs of an
industrial facility, these pumps are also very simplistic and contain only a few moving parts.
The flow of water through a centrifugal pump is steady and consistent, which is why these
pumps are used solely for moving water. If you work in an industrial setting that needs to
send water to various manufacturing processes, a centrifugal pump may be enough to provide
for all of your needs.
Before a centrifugal pump can be used, it must be primed, which is why these particular
pumps work well when placed below the input source or fully submersed.The many different
kinds of centrifugal pumps available to you include:

 Booster pumps
 Fire pumps
 Submersible pumps
 Self-priming pumps• Well pumps
 Trash pumps
 Vertical turbine pumps
 Grinder pumps
 Axial flow pumps

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PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

Centrifugal pump selection is defined by a few key specifications, including flow rate,
head, power, and efficiency.

• Flow rate describes the rate at which the pump can move fluid through the system,
typically expressed in gallons per minute (gpm). The rated capacity of a pump must be
matched to the flow rate required by the application or system.

• Pressure is a measure of the force per unit area of resistance the pump can handle or
overcome, expressed in bar or psi (pounds per square inch). As in all centrifugal pumps, the
pressure in axial flow pumps varies based on the pumped fluid's specific gravity. For this
reason, head is more commonly used to define pump energy in this way.

• Head is the height above the suction inlet that a pump can lift a fluid. It is a shortcut
measurement of system resistance (pressure) which is independent of the fluid's specific
gravity, expressed as a column height of water given in feet (ft) or meters (m).

• Net positive suction head (NPSH) is the difference between the pump's inlet stagnation
pressure head and the vapor pressure head. The required NPSH is an important parameter in
preventing pump cavitation.

• Output power, also called water horsepower, is the power actually delivered to the fluid by
the pump, measured in horsepower (hp).

• Input power, also called brake horsepower, is the power that must be supplied to the pump,
measured in horsepower (hp).

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• Efficiency is the ratio between the input power and output power. It accounts for energy
losses in the pump (friction and slip) to describes how much of the input power does useful
work.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

Positive displacement pumps are unique in that they don’t come with an impeller,
which is a rotating component that’s found in centrifugal water pumps. Instead of using
impellers, positive displacement pumps are outfitted with reciprocating or rotating parts that
are designed to move water while also increasing pressure around the discharge side of
the water pump. There are a variety of different positive displacement pumps that your
industrial facility can use, which extend to:

• Peristaltic pumps
• Plunger pumps
• Piston pumps
• Diaphragm pumps
• Metering pumps
• Flexible impeller pumps

GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION AND SAMPLING PUMP

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Grundfos Redi-Flo2 Submersible Pump

The Redi-Flo2 electrical submersible pump provides smooth, uninterrupted water flow to
depths of 280 feet.

Features:
• Ideal for both high flow rates needed for purging and low flow rates for sampling
• 1.8" diameter allows for easy access into 2" wells
• Made from chemically inert materials for maximum sample integrity and easy
decontamination

PROACTIVE PUMPS

Proactive Monsoon Engineered Plastic Pump

The Engineered Plastic Monsoon pump is capable of pumping up to 120 feet from
ground level by simply connecting it to a Power Booster 2 Controller & 12V battery.

Features:

• Sleek outside design minimizes well hang-ups

• Pump can run continuously in water without the need for a cool down
• 400 hour motor life provides a very economical sampling and purging solution

ATHENA PUMP

Pegasus Athena Peristaltic Pump

Athena peristaltic pump, mounted in Pelican 1300 case. Includes pump, DC power cord
& Easy-Load II pump head
SALTWATER OR SEA WATER PUMP

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Salt water pumps are mainly used in coastal areas. They are used in the same way a
standard submersible pump can be used, the main difference is the high amounts of corrosive
salt in the water so a salt water pump is needed instead. Submersible salt water pumps are
often highly recommended for coastal flood defence projects as they are small and easily
stored, quick to use and extremelyeffective at pumping water.

The submersible salt water pumps are easily transported and can be powered by a 230v
mains supply, or alternatively we also offer a 400v 3 -phase pump. These are very popular
within the marine industry

References:
• PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD (2010). AMTEC-UPLB – PCARRD Project:
“Development of Standards for Agricultural Production and Postharvest Machinery” ICS
65.060.01
• Jenna Martin (2010). Handpumps for Rural Water Supply. University of South Florida
(Tampa)
• Jane Olley (2008). Human-Powered Handpumps for Water Lifting. Practical Action The
Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development Bourton-onDunsmore Rugby,
Warwickshire, CV23 9QZ United Kingdom
• WEDC: Developing Knowledge and Capacity in Water and Sanition. The Rower pump:
technical details . Poster 44
• Simon Watt, Water Consultant. The Chain and Washer Pump Intermediate Technology
Publications, 9 King Street, London WC2E 8HN.
• International Development Enterprises (iDE) (2021). Engineering for Change
• Erpf, K. (2005). The Rope Pump Concept. Practica Foundation

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