REPORTING SCRIPTT!!!!

KENNETH: GOOD MORNING CLASSMATES!

JOHN REX: GOOD MORNING MR. SIMBAJON!

KENNETH AND JOHN REX: We are the representatives of Group 3!

Kenneth: I am Kenneth Mark G. Calimbo

John Rex: and I am John Rex Brebiescas

KENNETH AND JOHN REX: Your reporters for today!

Kenneth: Bag o kami mag start, we just want to ask if you have background knowledge about mitosis and Meiosis?

John Rex: Anyone from the class?

*Mu raise si albea*

Albea: In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two
new nuclei. Cell division by mitosis gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of
chromosomes is maintained. Therefore, mitosis is also known as equational division.

Kenneth: Wow! Thank you for that idea miss Albea! How about Meiosis?

*Mu raise hand si Joel baay*

Baay: Meiosis is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the
gametes, such as sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells with only
one copy of each chromosome

John Rex: Thank you for sharing your Idea Mr. Justin!

Kenneth: Now without further ado, let’s proceed to the main topic for today. The significance and implications of
mitosis and meiosis.

John Rex: The mitotic and meiosis processes have existed for millions of years. The creatures that demonstrate
these processes value them much. In reality, both of these methods of cell division play a significant role in the
spread of species and their success. Without these systems, cells would be unable to divide, endangering species'
ability to survive.

K: Recall that mitosis occurs in somatic cells and that the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the
parent cell. This distinct characteristic of mitosis has many implications that can greatly benefit living organisms.
Numerous ramifications of this distinctive mitotic feature can be very advantageous to living things.

 Keeps chromosome Number in constant.

 Maintains genetic stability in daughter Cells.
 Helping Growth and development of zygote.
  Helps in repair and regeneration.
 Check Cells size and maintain a favorable surface area/Volume ratio.
 Helps our body maintain its functions and Health
 Growth and repair of damage

K: What are the significance of Mitosis?

J: Maintenance of the Genetic Material 

Every cell of every creature contains a complete set of genes. During mitosis, the genetic material is kept between
the parent cell and the daughter cells. Cells with altered genomes might cause the organism to go through various
alterations. For instance, a person's genes could have been designed to produce black hair, but due to a mutation,
they instead produce blonde hair. Another illustration is the variation in facial features, which is encoded by several
genes. To maintain the genetic consistency between parent and daughter cells, the identity and quantity of genetic
material must be maintained throughout mitosis. The end outcome will be an organism whose cells have various
sorts of genetic information if the genes are not preserved between parent and daughter cells. Later on, this might
cause issues for the organism in terms of both structure and functionality.

K: Growth

When an organism grows, its bodily components do not simply spread out. Instead, in order for growth to take place,
the body begins to manufacture additional cells. Mitosis, in which existing cells divide to create new cells, is the
typical process used to manufacture these new cells. 

Growth is the process of an organism's body expanding, often as a result of a rise in the number of cells. Be aware
that cells often have a finite capacity for division. The Hayflick limit, which is thought to be between forty and
sixty mitotic divisions in human cells, is what it means.

J: Development
Mitosis is the process that occurs after a fertilized egg and sperm fertilize to produce a single cell known as a zygote.
In this case, growth refers to an increase in the embryo's size, while development refers to the advancement of the
life stage that the organism is in. Both growth and development are possible through a modified version of mitosis
known as cleavage.

Some of the differences that cleavage may have from normal mitosis are the following:
● Sometimes, cytokinesis may not occur in between cleavage stages.
● Growth between cell division stages may sometimes be limited.
● Cleavage occurs after fertilization.

K: Repair and Recovery

Mitosis is a process used by the body to replace dead and dying cells. Mitosis is the process through which damaged
and aging cells are replaced. The actively proliferating cells deep in our skin tissue push the older ones that are
closer to the surface, causing us to shed dead and keratinized cells every day.

The body's ability to heal depends on mitosis. In actuality, the body uses mitosis to treat a variety of wounds. Take
the case where you cut your finger with a knife by mistake and begin to bleed. The body will employ proteins to halt
the bleeding as its initial course of action. After the bleeding stops, the skin's cells will go through mitosis to fully
close the wound. But the length of time it takes to finish varies.

J: Asexual Reproduction
Different species reproduce in various ways. Male and female parent organisms participate in sexual reproduction in
several creatures, including humans and many other animals. Other creatures have the ability to reproduce asexually,
in which case just one parent contributes their genetic makeup to the offspring.

Some species have the ability to reproduce asexually by transverse or binary fission, as was previously discussed in
this unit. Others may employ the budding process, in which an organism's outgrowth splits off to create a new
creature. On the other hand, certain primitive single-celled creatures have the ability to reproduce asexually through
the process of mitosis. Hydras are an illustration of an organism that engages in asexual reproduction. Numerous
plants, flatworms, and several echinoderms are more examples.

K: Now, let’s proceed to the significance of meiosis!

J: Meiosis plays a large role in sexual reproduction by allowing organisms to reduce the chromosome number in
functional sex cells or gametes.
Meiosis, which creates daughter cells with genetic material distinct from that of the parent cell in terms of both the
quantity and genetic makeup of the individual chromosomes, is one of the most significant distinctions between
mitosis and meiosis. Many of the implications and uses that meiosis might have are connected to this trait.

 Formation of gametes.
 Expression of genetic information.
 Maintenance of chromosome numbers.
 Assortment of chromosomes.
 Mutation.
 Creator of gametes

K: Reduction of Genetic Material and Sexual Reproduction  

Recall that during the first division of meiosis, chromosomes are separated from their homologs, and during the
second division, sister chromatids are separated from one another. The culmination of these processes yields four
daughter cells with a diminished quantity of genetic material, typically denoted as n in diploid organisms.

The normal growth of an organism during sexual reproduction depends on this decrease. The resulting zygote will
have an unusually large number of chromosomes if the genetic material is not decreased. Each of the sex cells will
contain 46 chromosomes if reduction does not take place (instead of the normal 23 for each of the sperm and egg
cells).These cells will fuse together after fertilization and have an abnormal number of chromosomes—92 in total.
The result will be issues like spontaneous abortions. 

J: Inheritance and Genetic Diversity  

Recall that the homologous chromosomes in the tetrads swap segments as a result of the creation of tetrads in
meiosis I. The genetic material that is exchanged as a result of this segment exchange gives rise to various gene
combinations in the daughter cells compared to the parent cells. The random arrangement of the maternal and
paternal chromosomes during metaphase I may also be responsible for variations in the genetic make-up of offspring
of the same parents.

When sexual reproduction occurs, this diversity in sex cells intensifies. This occurs as a result of the mother's
genetic material interacting with the father's genetic material. This explains why certain features are passed onto
offspring from the mother, others from the father, and some traits are a combination of both.

Genetic diversity is increased by the changes brought on by meiosis and sexual reproduction. The term "genetic
diversity" describes how different or varied a species' individuals' qualities are.
K: Survival
Remember that the meiotic process of cell division is accompanied by gene recombination, which can increase
genetic diversity. A species' ability to survive and proliferate can be aided by greater genetic variety. This is due to
the fact that populations with more features have more genetic diversity. In some circumstances, this may be
followed with a greater likelihood that some organisms in the population will possess features necessary for their
survival.

Consider two populations of gumamela plants as an illustration. There are six different varieties of gumamela plants
in Area A, one of which is very drought-resistant. There are just two varieties in Area B, neither of which is drought
hardy. Finally, a drought struck, eradicating all non-drought tolerant gumamela plants. Because of this, only Area A
will have gumamela plants that are still alive.

Be aware that having a diverse genetic makeup does not ensure survival. It only raises the probability that organisms
will possess adaptations that will enable them to survive. In the biological sense, adaptations are characteristics that
are advantageous under certain environmental situations.

JOHN REX: Now that we’re done on the significance, let’s proceed on the applications of mitosis and meiosis!

K: For many years, researchers have been examining the mechanics of meiosis and mitosis. These have uses that the
human race can take advantage of. The following are a few uses for meiosis and mitosis:

J: Stem Cell Technology

Undifferentiated cells, or stem cells, are cells that have not yet differentiated into specialized cells and are used in a
variety of applications. As an illustration, certain human stem cells may differentiate into several blood cell types,
including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

In the body, several different cell types cannot divide by mitosis, but stem cells can undergo mitosis to create new
stem cells. These stem cells are used in contemporary medicine to actively replace aging or damaged bodily cells.
Fresh cells are then produced in their place, which are typically devoid of any abnormalities, to replace the old or
damaged ones.

In order to maintain their youthful appearance, many people have stem cell treatment to help restore their aged skin
cells. This is one of the explanations for why so many famous people still seem young despite their elderly age.
Cosmetics are one area where stem cell treatments are used.

K:

Genetic Engineering

Meiosis causes changes in gene pools. Genetic engineering has taught scientists how to create this in an artificial
environment. This is a reference to the genetic alteration of an organism. The altering of an organism's DNA to
bring about new features is one of the most well-known examples of genetic engineering. The introduction of genes
for pest or drought tolerance in agricultural plants serves as an illustration of this. It is crucial for further divisions to
occur after introducing foreign genes into an organism in order to guarantee that the organism will exhibit the
desired characteristic.

JOHN AND REX: AND THAT IS ALL FOR TODAY’S PRESENTATION. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!