CE162P Shallow Building

Foundations Types, Analysis, and

Design Principles

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Principles of Foundation Design

FOUNDATION

It is the part of structure which serves exclusively to transmit loads on to the sub-soil.
Fundamental Insights

It can be studied broadly into two headings

❖ Shallow Foundation ❖ Deep Foundation

SHALLOW FOUNDATION

Spread footings or pad foundations

Strap Footings

Combined Footings

Raft or Mat Foundation

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Principles of Foundation Design

SHALLOW FOUNDATION

It is a structural system that can safely transfer loads from superstructure to the subsoil at
shallow depths.
Fundamental Insights

Its depth is less than the width of the foundation

Majority of the load is transferred bearing (base resistance)

Important Design Considerations

❖ Bearing Capacity

▪ It is the ultimate load a soil can take just before the complete failure

❖ Settlement

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▪ Total settlement below a footing which should not exceed tolerable limits
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Principles of Foundation Design

TYPES OF FOOTINGS

Based on Shape
❖ Square, Circular, Rectangular
Fundamental Insights

Spread
Based on Load Dispersion

❖ Spread, Strip, Wall

Based on Number of Columns Supported

❖ Isolated, Combined, Mat/Raft

Pad

Continuous

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Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

Mat/Raft

Combined

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Principles of Foundation Design

BEARING CAPACITY

Ultimate Bearing Pressure

Fundamental Insights

❖ It is the pressure at which the foundation would fail in shear. A bearing capacity failure is
defined as foundation failure that occurs when the shear stresses in the soil exceed the
shear strength of the soil or continue to settle.
Presumed Bearing Pressure
❖ It is the pressure with an adequate factor of safety ignoring factors such as
foundation width, degree of settlement, etc.
Allowable Soil Pressure

❖ It is a pressure of which having taken account of factors such

as settlement, water table, etc
METHODS TO DETERMINE BEARING CAPACITY
Historical, Field Loading Tests, and Analytical Solutions
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Principles of Foundation Design

BEARING CAPACITY
Fundamental Insights

COMMON TYPES OF FOOTINGS

Wall Footing, Isolated Footing, Combined Footing, Floating or Raft or Mat, and Pile Caps

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Principles of Foundation Design

COMMON TYPES OF FOOTINGS

Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design

COMMON TYPES OF FOOTINGS

Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

❖ Whichever is smaller

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 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use
 CE134P-2
Principles of Foundation Design
Fundamental Insights

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For Public Use