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PDF Grupo b2 Casos Practicos Nia 701 y 706 Compress
PDF Grupo b2 Casos Practicos Nia 701 y 706 Compress
BY LXIFLCL ∟YFB∟
Y@EWI_]EHLH FL_EL@J BÌCWIT HI BYLXIFLCL
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E@GJ_FI HI LYHEXJ_ E@HI^I@HEI@XI
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^Ì__LGJ HI Å@GL]E] U ^Ì__LGJ HI JX_L] MYI]XEJ@I] I Y@
E@GJ_FI IFEXEHJ ^J_ Y@ LYHEXJ_ E@HI^I@HEI@XI
B_Y^
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]IMMEE @ –O U C‖
E`tibrl`tis Mlr`å
Grl`mesmj Iziqueic Xuy Deltz <7=2 >< ;<27
Ihy ^luce`j Djd [uf <7=2 <? 8828
Fy`jr Istulrhj Bj`zlciz Mkemjd <7=2 <= >9<99
Flrecy` Lhrel`l Hi Ciý` Istrlhl <5=2 <? ?<>87
<. I@Y@MELHJ/]Y^YI]XJ
Cjs sjmejs hisil` sloir se cjs istlhjs ge`l`meirjs, sj` mj`gelocis y pjr cj
l`tirejrfi`ti ixpuistj ic bjoeir`j hi cl mjfplüæl YFB, ].L. kl` mj`sehirlhj
mj`vi`ei`ti riquirer cjs sirvemejs hi cl gerfl LYHEXJ_I] U MJ@]YCXJ_I] GIF,
plrl rilcezlr u`l luhetjræl hi istlhjs ge`l`meirjs hi lmuirhj l @jrfls
E`tir`lmej`lcis hi Luhetjræl y @jrfls E`tir`lmej`lcis hi E`gjrflmeý` Ge`l`meirl
pjr ic piræjhj mjfpri`hehj hic < hi i`irj lc =< hi hemeifori hi ?><5.
E`gjrflmeý` Bi`irlc
Mjfplüæl YFB, ].L., gui mj`stetuehl oldj cls ciyis hi cl ripôoceml hi Bultiflcl
ic <5 hi lbjstj hi <55;. ]u lmtevehlh pre`meplc is cl gloremlmeý` hi mlfesls y su
pjstirejr vi`tl. Cls jgeme`ls lhfe`estrltevls y jpirltevls si i`mui`trl` uoemlhls
i` cl ;ª. Lvi`ehl =>->8, zj`l <<, Bultiflcl, Bultiflcl.
Cl i`tehlh pjsii `ibjmejs qui si i`mui`trl` i` Mjcjfoel, @emlrlbul, ^l`lfì y
Mjstl _eml
Mjfj luhetjris hi mjfplüæl YFB, ].L. si rilcezlrj` tjhjs cjs prjmihefei`tjs y
lpcemlrj`
lpcemlrj ` cls tå
tåm`e
m`emls
mls `imislrels
`imislrels plrl rilcezlr cl luhetjræl hi istlhjs ge`l`meirjs.
^lrl hitirfe`lr cl fltirelcehlh si tjfý hi cl utecehlh `itl ic 9%
Isti supuistj si i`gjml pre`meplcfi`ti i` cls mjfu`emlmej`is qui ic luhetjr
hioi rilcez
rilcezlr
lr mj` cj s rispj`slocis hic bjoeir`j y cl e`mcuseý ` i` ic e`gjrfi
hi luhetjræl cls muistej`is mclvis.
?. OL
OL]I
]I XIM@E
XIM@EML
ML
Cls muistej`is mclvi hi cl luhetjræl fidjrl` ic vlcjr mjfu`emltevj hic e`gjrfi hi
luhetjræl lc prjpjrmej`lr u`l flyjr trl`splri`mel lmirml hi cl luhetjræl qui si
rilcezl (pìrrlgj ?)
Ic luhetjr hitirfe`lrì, i`tri cls muistej`is mjfu`emlhls l cjs rispj`slocis hic
bjoeir`j hi cl i`tehlh lquiccjs qui klyl` riquirehj lti`meý` seb`egemltevl hic
luhetjr lc rilcezlr cl luhetjræl (pìrrlgj 5)
Ic luhetjr hismreoerì mlhl muisteý` mclvi hi cl luhetjræl, utecezl`hj u` suotætucj
lhimulhj i` u`l simmeý` siplrlhl hic e`gjrfi hi luhetjræl tetuclhl –Muistej`is
mclvis hi cl luhetjræl‖ (pìrrlgj <<)
=. ^_JMIHEFEI@XJ] _ILC
_ILCETLHJ]
ETLHJ]
YFB, ].L. MI
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LYHEXJ_ÆL HI I]XLHJ] GE@L@MEI_J]
GE@L@M EI_J] @JFO _I GI M K L
I@XI@HEFEI@XJ
I@XI@HEFE I@XJ HI C L I@XEHLH ^_I^L_LHJ BMFI <?/>=/?>?>
Lc =</<?/?><5 _IWE]LHJ HC IFL <?/>=/?>?>
Ic risufi` hi cls pre`meplcis pjcætemls mj`tlocis lhjptlhls pjr cl Mjfplüæl, si prisi`tl l mj`te`ulmeý`4
@ibjmejs
Lcbu`js `ibjmejs
Lcbu`js `ibjmejs hi cl i`t
i`tehlh
ehlh si i`
i`mui`
mui`trl`
trl` i` Mjcjfoel, @ @emlrlbul,
emlrlbul, ^l`lfì y Mjstl _ _eml,
eml, cl mu
mulc
lc si rebi` pjr
pjr cls
hespjsemej`is ciblcis y ribclfi`tlrels hi mlhl dureshemmeý`, `j lostl`ti cls pjcætemls hi cl mj`trjclhjrl si hioi
lsiburl` i` cls suosehelrels
_imj`jmefei`tj hi E`brisjs
Cjs e`brisjs
e `brisjs hi cl MMjfplüæl
jfplüæl prjv
prjvei`i`
ei`i` pre`mepl
pre`meplcfi`ti
cfi`ti hi cl vi`
vi`tl
tl hi mlfes
mlfesls,
ls, cjs mulcis si ri
rimj`jmi`
mj`jmi` pjr ic
fåtjhj hi cj hivi`blhj. Cjs e`brisjs pjr prj prjhumtjs
humtjs sj` ririmj`jmehj
mj`jmehjss mul`hj ic i c prjhumtj kl sehsehj
j
i`triblhj lc mcei`ti, ic mcei`ti kl lmiptlhj ic prjhumtj y cl rimupirloecehlh hi cls mui`tls pjr mjorlr riclmej`lhls istì`
rlzj`locifi`ti lsiburlhls.
Iquevlci`tis hi Igimtevj
Cl pjcæteml hi cl ]jmeihlh is mj`sehirlr mjfj igimtevj iquevlci`ti tjhls cls e`virsej`is hi mjrtj pclzj qui si igimtôl`
mjfj plrti hi cl lhfe`estrlmeý`
lhfe`es trlmeý` kloetulc, qui puihl` mj`virtersi rìpehlfi`ti
rìpehl fi`ti i` fj`tjs hi igimtevj
mj`jmehjs, qui ixestl cl e`ti`meý` hi igimtulr hemkl mj`virseý` i` u` pclzj `j supirejr l 5> hæls y qui ixestl u` reisbj
fæ`efj hi pårhehl seb`egemltevl
Isteflmeý` plrl Mui`tls E`mjorlocis
Cl ifprisl mrij u`l prjveseý` hi mj`gjrfehlh mj` cl setulmeý` pjr cl qui si i`mui`trl lmtulcfi`ti, klmei`hj u` l`ìceses
hi mjorloecehlh.
E`vi`tlrejs
Cjs e`vi`tlrejs hi firmlhiræls si vlcôl` lc mjstj, qui is fìs oldj qui ic vlcjr hi firmlhj si vlcôl` lc mjstj prjfihej.
E`fjvecezlhj Flt
Fltirelc
irelc
Cjs lmtevjs gedjs hi cl ifprisl si ribestrl`
ribe strl` lc mjstj hi lhqueseme ý`. Cjs hisifojcsjs e`mure`murrehjs
rehjs i` cls
riplrlmej`is
riplrlme j`is y fidjrls l cjs lmtevjs qui mj`treouyi` l e`mrifi`t
e`mrifi`tlr
lr su vehl ô
ôtec
tec y l bi`
bi`irlr
irlr ri`
ri`tls,
tls, si mlpetlce
mlpetlcezl`.
zl`. Cj
Cjss
blstjs `jrflcis hi fl`ti`
fl`ti`efe
efei`tj
i`tj y riplrlme
riplrlmej`is
j`is qui `j e `mrifi`tl` cl vehl ôtec hi cjs lmtevjs, si mlrbl` l cjs
risuctlhjs hi jpirlmeý` i` ic piræjhj i` qui si e`murri`.
^rjveseý` plrl E`hif`ezlmej`is
Hi lmuirhj mj` cls hespjse
hes pjsemej`is
mej`is hic mýhebj
mýh ebj hi trlol
trloldj
dj hi Bultiflcl, cls mjfpi`slme
mjfpi`slmej`is
j`is qui vl` vl`
lmufucì`hjsi
lmufucì` hjsi l glvjr hi cjs ifpcilhjs puihi` cciblr l sir plblhls i` mlsj hi hispe
hispehjhj e`du
e`dustegem
stegemlhj
lhj j hi fu
fuirti,
irti, l
rlzý` hi u` fis hi suichj pjr mlhl
m lhl lüj e`e`tirru
e `e`tirrufpehj
fpehj hi sirvemej.
sirvem ej. Cl Mjfp
Mjfplüæ
lüæl
l tei`i cl pjcæteml h hii mrilr u`l
prjveseý` mlcmuclhl i` olsi l cjs suichjs y slclrejs plblhjs.
Oj`egemlmeý` L`ulc
Hi lmuirhj mj` cj istlocimehj i` cjs himritjs ciblcis, Oj`egemlmeý` L`ulc, cl mjfplüæl tei`i cl joceblmeý` hi plblr l
sus ifpcilhjs ic iquevlci`ti lc mei` (<>>%) hic slclrej j suichj jrhe `lrej hivi`blhj pjr ic trloldlhjr i` u` fis. Cl
mjfplüæl tei`i mjfj pjcæteml ribestrlr hemkl joceblmeý` mjfj u` plbj l`temeplhj, lfjrtezì`hjcj fi`sulcfi`ti.
Lhf e`e
e`est
strlm
rlmeý
eý`
` hi _e
_eisb
isb j Ge` l`m eirj
Glmtjris hi reisbj
reis bj ge`l`meirj - Cl lmtevehl
lmtevehlhh hi cl Mjfplüæl istì ixpuistl l u`l vlreihlh hi reisbj
reisbjss ge`l`meirjs. Ic
prjbrlfl bi`irlc hi lhfe`estrlmeý` hi reisbj hi cl Mjfplüæl si i`gjml i` cjs lspimtjs efprihimeocis hi cjs
firmlhjs ge`l`meirjs y ousml fe`efezlr igimtjs lhvirsjs pjti`melcis i` cls lmtevehlhis ge`l`meirls hi cl Mjfplüæl.
_eisbj hi mråhetj
Cl Mjfplüæl
Mjfplüæl istì suditl lc reisbj hi mråhe
mråhetj
tj hi sus mcei`tis y tei`i pjcæ
pjcætemls
temls istlocime
istlocimehls
hls plrl lsiburlr cl vi`t
vi`tl
l hi
prjhumtjs qui si igimtôl l cjs mcei`tis rimu
rimurri`tis
rri`tis y lc pô
pôocemj
ocemj i` bi`
bi`irlc,
irlc, lsæ mjfj cl rimu
rimupirlme
pirlmeý`
ý` hi cls mu
mui`tls
i`tls
pjr mjorlr.
mj orlr. Cl M
Mjfplüæl
jfplüæl tei`i pjcætemls qui cecefetl`
fetl` ic fj`tj hi ixpjseme ý` ge`l`meirl mj` mulcqueir e`stetumeý`.
_eisbj hi cequehiz
Cl Mjfplüæl idirmi u`l lhfe`estrlmeý` hi reisbj hi cequehiz pruhi`ti y pjr cj tl`tj fl`tei`i sugemei`ti igimtevj y jtrjs
e`strufi`tjs cæquehjs, lsæ mjfj cl hespj`eoecehlh hi gj`hjs l trlvås hi fj`tjs lhimulhjs hi cæ`ils hi mråhetj.
Mlpetlc
Ic mlpetlc istl hevehehj y riprisi`tlhj pjr ;>> lmmej`is prigiri`
prigiri`tis
tis mj` vlcjr hi \9>>.>> mlhl u`l y <,?>> lmme
lmmej`is
j`is
jrhe`lrels
jrhe`lrel s mj` vlcjr i` ceorjs hi \<,>>>.>> pjr cj qui ic fj`tj h hic
ic mlpe
mlpetlc
tlc lutjrezlhj lsme
lsmei`hi
i`hi l
\<,7>>,>>>.>>
Ix
Ixest
esti
i u` fl`
fl`ululcc qu
qui
i his
hismr
mreol`
eol` cjs
cjs prj
prjmis
misjs
js ricl
riclmej
mej`l
`lhjs
hjs mj`
<
cl rimipme
rimipme ý`, mustjhel, ribestrj, mj`trjc y rispj`sloece
rispj`sloecehlhis
hlhis
[
ºIxe st
sti` fl`ulcis hi prjmihe f fee i`
i`tjs plrl ic fl`idj hi
?
Igimtevj y Iquevlci`tis: [
ºCls
ºCls ltre
ltreou
oume
mej`
j`is
is hi cjs
cjs ri
risp
spj`
j`sl
slococis
is hic fl`
fl`idj
idj hi igim
igimte
tev
vj
=
sj` e`hipi`hei`tis lc ribestrj y supirveseý` mj`tloci: [
ºL`
ºL`tis hi mj mjor
orlr
lr mu
mulc
lcqu
quei
eirr mj
mjf
fprjo
prjol`l`tti si rives
ivesl
l se mu
mufp
fpcci
8
mj` cls pjcetemls y hespjsemej`is lhfe`estrltevls: [
ºXei`i ribestrlhls l `jfori hi cl ifprisl cls mui`tls
9
fj`itlrels
fj`it lrels ui si fl`il`:
fl`i l`: [
7 ºCjs mkiquis hi cl i`tehlh sj` `j `ibjmelocis:
[
2 ]i mjorlr l cjs mcei`tis hi gjrfl jpjrtu`l
[
; ]i kl efpcifi`tlhj pjcætemls plrl mjorj hi mcei`tis
[
5 Cls mui`tls pjr mjorlr sj` rlzj`locis
[
<> ]i sebui mj` cjs prjmihefei`tjs hi mrihetjs l mcei`tis
[
YFB, ].L. L
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LYHEXJ_ÆL HI I]XLHJ] GE@L@MEI_J] @JFO_I GIMKL
^_JMIHEFEI@XJ] _ILC ETLHJ] ^_I^L_LHJ BMF
MFII <?/?/>=
>=//?>
?>?
?>
Lc =</<?/?><5 _IWE]LHJ HCIFL
HCIFL <?<?//>=
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?>?>
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Jpirlmej`is y ^rjmihefei`tjs Hi
Jpirlmej`is Hislrrjcclhls
slrrjcclhls
Mjrti hi Gjrfls4
]i rilcezý mjrti hi tjhjs cjs gjrfuclrejs y gjrfls efprisls bi`irlhls pjr ic sestifl y qui si riclmej`i` mj` cls
vi`tls
vi`tls lc mråhetj y su mjorl`zl.
L`ìcese
L`ìc esess hi mjo
m jo rlo
rloece
ecehlh
hlh y su gem ei`m el i` cl pr
prjv
jv es
eseý`
eý` plrl mui`
m ui` tls flcls4
flc ls4
Istl pruiol si igimtuý sjori cjs cestlhjs hi mui`tls hi mcei`tis mclsegemlhjs pjr l`tebóihlh hi slchjs lc =< hi
hemeifori ?><5
L`ìcese
L`ìc esess hi istef
is teflme
lmeý`
ý` p lrl mu i`tls e`m jo rloc
rlocis
is
_iveseý` hi cjs ixpihei`tis mlcegemlhjs pjr ic digi hi mråhetjs y mjorjs mjfj hi huhjsl mjorloecehlh, lsæ mjfj
cjs e`hemlhjs pjr ic lojblhj, plrl ivlculr cl sugemei`mel hi cl isteflmeý` hi mui`tls e`mjorlocis
YFB, ].L. I]
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LYHEXJ_ L HI I]XLHJ] GE@L@M
GE@L@MEI_J]
EI_J] @JFO _I G IM K L
I]XLHJ
I]X LHJ HI ]EXYL
]EXYLME
ME @ ^_I^L_LHJ BMFI <?/>=/?>?>
Lc =</<?/?><5 _IWE]LHJ HC IF
IFL <?/>=/?>?>
Mjrrei`ti
E`vi`tlrejs <,=9=,>>> <,=<;,5=? ❲ ?
?9
9,>>> <,=?;,>>>
Mui`tls pjr Mjorlr 59<,=>; 5=7,297 59<,=>;
Mldl y Ol`mjs 5><,?97 ;;8,>88 5><,?97 G-8
X j t lc L m t e v j 8,<58,<27 8,=95,<?> ?9,>>> 8,<75,<27
^LX_EFJ@EJ U ^L]EWJ
^LX_EFJ@EJ G-=
Mlpetlc <,7>>,>>> <,7>>,>>> <,7>>,>>>
Ytecehlhis @j Hestr. 98>,<88 <5=,7>> ?9,>>> 7<,>9? 927,<57
_isirvl ciblc ?;,8=? <>,<5? ❻ <
<,,;5; =>,==>
^L]EWJ
^lsevj @j Mjrrei`ti
^råstlfjs Ol`mlrejs 5>>,>>> <,8>>,>>> 5>>,>>>
E`hif`ezlmej`is ?7>,<7; <<>,>;; ?7>,<7;
^lsevj Mjrrei`ti
Mui`tls pjr plblr <55,=9? <2?,897 <55,=9?
^rjviihjris 9>?,<5?
2;<,??8 ❷ ;>,>>> 8??,<5?
E]_ pjr plblr <7=,;;; 5<,97> ❻ <2
<2,>9> <;>,5=;
Xj t lc ^lt r. y ^ls ev j 8,<58,<27 8,=95,<?> <>9,>>> ;>,>>> 8,<75,<27
YFB, ].L. I_
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LYHEXJ_ L HI I]XLHJ] GE@L@MEI_J] @JFO _I GI M K L
I]XLHJ HI _I]YCXLHJ] ^_I^L_LHJ BMFI <?/>=/?>?>
Lc =</<?/?><5 _IWE]LHJ HC IF
IFL <?/>=/?>?>
s/mj`tloecehl s/mj`tloecehlh
Ldu stis y rim
Ldustis rimcls
clsegem
egem lmej `is s/Lu
s/Luhe
hetjr
tjr æl _ig.
?><5 ?><;
Wi`tls @itls <=,87>,2>8 9,72?,>>> <=,87>,2>8
Mjstj hi Wi`tls Bl`l`mel i` 5,<?;,9>8 =,5<=,7;> 5,<?;,9>8
Wi`tls Blstjs
Blstjs hi jpirlmeý`
Blstjs hi Wi`tl 8,==?,?>> <,29;,=?> 8,==?,?>>
Blstjs hi lhfe`estrlmeý` ?,>9<,58> ;95,2?8 ❲ ?9,>>> ?,>9<,58>
Bl`l`mel i` Jpirlmeý` Jtrjs <,72<,9;; 97=,?88 <,757,9;;
Blstjs y ^rjhumtjs
Blstjs Ge `l`meirjs
`l`meirjs 7>;,72? ==9,=9? ?9,>>> 9;=,72?
;>,>>> 8>,>>> ❻ ;>,>>>
^rjhumtjs ❷ ;
;>
>,>>> ;>,>>>
Bl`l`mel l`tis hi efpuistj 9?;,72? ?59,=9? ;>,>>> 9;=,72?
?9,>>>
E]_ pjr plblr <7=,;;; 5<,995 ❻ <2,>9> <;>,5=;
Bl`l`mel hispuås h i E]_ =78,2;8 ?>=,25= 8>?,2=8
_isirvl Ciblc <;,?=5 <>,<5>
❻ <,;5;
?>,<=2
Ytecehlh @itl =87,988 <5=,7>= ?9,>>> 7<,>9? =;?,952 G-=
YFB, ].L. IG
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LYHEXJ_ÆL HI I]XLHJ] GE@L@MEI_J] @JFO _I GIMKL
I]XLHJ HI GCYDJ HI IGIMXEWJ ^_I^L_LHJ BMFI <?/>=/?>?>
Lc =</<?/?><5 _IWE]LHJ HC
CI
I FL
FL <?/>=/?>?>
YFB, ].L. F
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LYHEXJ_ L HI I]XLH J] GE@L@MEI_
GE@L@MEI_J]
J] @JFO _
_I
I G IM K L
IWLCYLME
IWLCY LME @ HI CL FL FLXI_E
XI_ELCE
LCEHLH
HLH ^_I^L_LHJ BMF
MFII <?/>=/?>?>
Lc =</<?/?><5 _IWE]LHJ HCIF
HCIFL <?<?//>=
>=//?>
?>?>
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^LX_EFJ@EJ U ^L]EWJ
Mlpetlc
Mlpetlc <, 7>>, >>> <, 7>>,>>>
Ytecehlhis @j Hes treouehls 98>, <88 <5=,7>>
_is irvl ciblc ?;, 8=? <>,<5?
^lsevj @j Mjrrei`ti
^rås tlfjs Ol`m lrejs 5>>, >>> <, 8>>,>>>
E`hif`ez lmej`is pjr plblr ?7>, <7; <<>,>;;
^lsevj Mjrrei`ti
Mui`tls pjr plblr <55, =9? <2?,897
^rjviihjris 9>?, <5? 2;<,??8 ;>,>>> ;>,>>> <5%
E]_ pjr plblr <7=, ;;; 5<,97>
Xj t l c ^l tr e f j ` e j y ^l se v j 8, <58, <27 8, =95,<?> ;>,>>> ;>,>>> <5%
Mj`mcuseý`4
Ic luhetjr hitirfe`ý qui ixesteý u`l cefetlmeý` i` ic lcml`mi pjr plrti hi cl lhfe`estrlm eý` i` ic ìril hi mui`tls pjr mjorlr lc `j pjhir
i`velr mj`gerflmej`is l cjs mcei`tis, pirj si cjbrý rilcezlr prjmihefei`tjs lctir`js rlzj`locis mj` ic ge` hi pjhir joti`ir sugemei`ti ivehi`mel
lprjpelhl hi luhetjræl
luhetjræl plrl sjpjrtlr u
u`l
`l jp
jpe`eý`
e`eý` `j fjhegemlhl. U
Ul
l qu
qui
i i` u`l luhetjræl hi lmuirhj l @EL
@ELns
ns ic luhetjr pjhrì rilcezlr cjs
prjmihefei`tjs qui duzbui `imislrejs hi`trj hi cls mermu`stl`mels .
_IG. CB
YFB ].L. ^_I^L_LHJ BMFI
LYHEXJ_EL HI I]XLHJ]
I]XL HJ] GE@L@MEI_J] GIMKL <?/>=/?>?>
ML_XL ]JCEMEXYH CEXEBEJ] _IWE]LHJ HCIFL
LC =</<?/?><5 GIMKL <?/>=/?>?>
ML_XL MJ@GE_FLMEÝ@
MJ@GE_FLMEÝ@ LC LOJBLHJ
Cemi`melhj
Lsisjr ciblc
ciblc
Isteflhj Cemi`melhj4
<. Y`l orivi hismrepmeý` hi mulcqueir duemej j rimclfj pi`hei`ti j i` prjmisj ic mulc klyl sehj e`stlurlhj
hishi ic
i c < hi i`irj hi ?><5 klstl cl gimkl, hi cl mulc u
ustih
stih ti`bl mj`jmefe
mj`jmefei`tj
i`tj y qu
qui
i riprisi`ti hlüjs j
rimclfjs l cl i`tehlh.
Ci lbrlhimirifjs
lbrlhi mirifjs qui eehi`tegequi
hi`tegequi ispi
ispimæg
mægemlfi`ti
emlfi`ti cl `lturlciz
`lturlcizl
l y mlusls hi mulcqueir cefe
cefetlmeý`
tlmeý` i` su
rispuistl. Ebulcfi`ti
Ebulcfi`ti ci lbrlhimirifjs i`velr
i`velr s
suu rispuistl herimtlfi`ti l `uistrjs
`uistrjs luhetjris ixtir`
ixtir`js
js
Lti`tlfi`
Lti`tlfi`ti
ti
Biri`ti Bi`irlc
_IG. CB
YFB ].L. ^_I^L_LHJ BMFI
LYHEXJ_EL HI I]XLHJ] GE@L@MEI_J] GIMKL <?/>=/?>?>
ML_XL _I]^YI]XL CEXEBEJ] _IWE]LHJ HCIFL
LC =</<?/?><5 GIMKL <?/>=/?>?>
Cemi`melhj
Luhetjris y mj`suc
Luhetjris mj`suctjris
tjris GIF
Isteflhj Ce mi`m
mi`melhj4
elhj4
I` riclmeý` l cl `jtl qui rimeoefjs, i`velhl pjr YFB, ].L. cl mulc gui rimeoehl i` istl jgeme`l,
jge me`l, ci e`gjrflfjs
cj sebuei`ti4
<. Lc =< hi Hemeifori ?><5 y l cl prisi`ti gimkl, cl i`tehlh prisi`tl prjmihefei`tjs gesmlcis i` cjs pirejhjs
gesmlcis ?><2 y u
u`j
`j i` ic ?><;, pjr ic e`mufpc
e`mufpcefei`tj
efei`tj y rimclfj hi plbj hi treoutjs i` cjs `ibjmejs hi
Mjcjfoel, Mjstl
Mj stl _eml, @emlrlbul, qui hi lmuirhj l cl ee`gjrflmeý`
`gjrflmeý` lu`
lu` istl i` prjmisj hi risjcumeý`, cl mulc
is fuy mjfpcidj y mrætemj
?. Cls hifl`hls qui mui`tl cl i`tehlh YFB ].L. lu` `j si mui`tl mj` cl mirtizl hi mul`tj is ic
hisifojcsj qui e`murrerl, j se sirì l glvjr hi cl i`tehlh, cl mulc si kl mj`sehirlhj mjfj u`l mj`te`bi`
mj`te`bi`mel,
mel,
pjr cl e`mirtehufori qui si tei`i.
=. Ge`lcfi`ti, lc =< hi Heme ifori ?><5 y l istl gimkl, YFYFB,B, ].L. `j lhiuhl l istl jge me`l ml`tehlh lcbu`l
pjr mj`miptj hi blstjs,
bls tjs, kj`
kj`jrlrejs,
jrlrejs, pjr cj tl`tj kl mufpcehj mj` ic pirejhj istlocimehj.
istlocime hj.
Lti`tlfi`
Lti`tlfi`ti
ti
YFB, ].L. _igiri`mel K
MJFY@EMLMEÝ@ HI KLCCLTBJ] ^riplrlhj pjr4 BMFI
LYHEXJ_EL HI I]XLHJ] GE@L@MEI_J] Gimkl <?/>=/?>?>
LC =</<?/?><5 _iveslhj
_iveslhj pjr4 HCIFL
Gimkl4 <?/>=/?>?>
^L_L4
Bjoeir`j hi cl i`tehlh
Isteflhjs Cemi`melhjs4
Cjs lsu`tjs pcl`tilhjs i` istl mjfu`emlmeý` tei`i` ic jrebi` i` `uistrl luhetjræl hi cjs istlhjs
ge`l`meirjs y si riclmej`l` mj` lsu`tjs qui mriifjs is `imislrej trlir l su lti`meý`.
Kifjs tirfe`lhj sustl`melcfi`ti `uistrl luhetjræl hi cjs istlhjs ge`l`meirjs hi lmuirhj mj` cls
@jrfls E`tir`lmej`lcis hi Luhetjræl.
@uistrl
@uistrl luhetjræl
luhetjræl si hisifpiüý plrl joti`ir siburehlh rlzj`loci hi se cjs istlhjs ge`l`
ge`l`meirjs
meirjs
istì` ceoris hi e`mjrr
e `mjrrimmej`is
immej`is fltirelcis.
Y`l viz ge`lcezlhj `uistrj trloldj hi luhetjræl, pjr fihej hi cl sebuei`ti mjfu`emlmeý` cis
e`gjrflfjs hi cjs pre`meplcis klcclzbjs qui, oldj `uistrj mretirej, kly qui histlmlr4
?) E`vi`tlrejs
I` isti ruorj si h
hitirfe`ý
itirfe`ý qui ixesti e `vi`tlrej
`vi`tlrej josjcitj pjr \?9,>>>.>>
=) ^rjviihjris
Hi`trj hic slchj hi prjviihjris ixesti u` slchj hi \;>,>>>.>> mj` fìs hi tris lüjs hi
l`tebóihlh.
Y`l viz mj`gerflhjs cjs klcclzbjs hi luhetjræl lc rispimtj, hemkl muistej`is pjhræl` geburlr i` ic
e`gjrfi hi luhetjræl,
luhetjræl, se sj` mj`sehirlhls hi cl flyjr seb`egemlte
seb`egemltevehlh
vehlh pjr `uistr
`uistrl
l plrti gerfl hi
luhetjris
Lti`tlfi
Lti`tlfi`t
`ti
i
Luhetjris
Luhetjris y Mj`suctj
Mj`suctjris
ris GIF
Lsu`
Ls u` tj
tjs4
s4 _isjcumeý ` hic bjoeir`j hi cl
i`tehlh
]i ixpusj ic ruruorj
orj hi e`vi`tlrejs
e`vi`tlrejs cl josjcimi`mel pjr Hisp uås hi ivlculr
Hispuås ivlculr cl setu
se tulme
lmeý`
ý`
\?9,>>>.>> joti`ehl i` cjs prjmihefei`tjs
prjmihe fei`tjs ixpj`i` qui
qui igimtevlfi`t
i gimtevlfi`ti i hioi
h ioi
rilcezlhjs, cl mulc riqueiri e`fiheltl lti`meý` yl
yl qui rilcezlrsi cjs ldu
l dustis
stis
sibô` hemkj ruorj prisi`tl u`lu`l ml`t
ml `tehlh
ehlh fltirelc mjrrispj`hei`tis
Ic i` ruorj
ruorj hi prjviihjris ixesti u` slchj hi Hisp uås hi ivlculr
Hispuås ivlculr cl setu
se tulme
lmeý`
ý`
\;>,>>>.>> qui mui`tlmui`tl mj` = lüjs hi l`tebóihlh, cj ixpj`i` qui igimtevlfi`ti
mulc is `imislrej cl lti`meý` y ldustis mjrrispj`hi rilcezlr cjs ldust
ldustis
is
mjrrispj`hei`tis e`hemlhjs
]i ixpu
i xpusj
sj qui cl i`tehlh mui`tl mj` hifl`hls pjr
efpuistjs rimclflhjs i e`mufpcefei`tjs, cj mulc plrl
cl i`tehlh is
i s u`l e`mirtehufori, pjr cj tl`tj `j
`j ixesti Hisp uis hi su ivlculmeý` y
Hispuis
`e`bu`l
`e`bu `l prjvese
prjveseý`,
ý`, ic luhetjr mj`sehirì qui is muisteý` hesmuseý` si lmjrhj cj qui si klmi
mclvi hi cl luhetjræl
luhetjræl plrl yl quiqui si ivlcuý mj` cjs
cjs fi`meý` pjr cjs luhetjris
lsisjris dur
durææhemjs
hem js
Lti`tlfi`
Lti`tlfi`ti
ti
Luhetjris
Luhetjris y Mj`suctjr
Mj`suctjris
is GIF
YFB, ].L. I_
_IG4
LYHEXJ_ÆL
LYH EXJ_ÆL HI I]XLHJ] GE@L@MEI_J]
GE@L@ MEI_J] @JFO_I
@JFO_ I GIMKL
GIMK L
LDY]XI]
LD Y]XI] U _IMC L]EGEMLMEJ@I]
L]EGEMLM EJ@I] ^_I^L_LH
^_I^ L_LHJJ BMF
MFII <?/>=/?>?>
Lc =</<?/?><5 _IWE]LHJ
_IWE]L HJ HCIF
HCIFL <?/>=/?>?>
Mui`tls Hi o i Klo i r
^l
^lsevj
sevj Mjrrei`ti
^rjviihjris ;>,>>>
Jtrjs ^rjhumtjs
^rjhumtj ;>,>>>
_ibestrj
strj hic slchj prjviihjris lc meirri. ;>,>>> ;>,>>>
Blstjs hi Jpirlmeý`
Firmlhiræl Josjcitl ?9,>>>
E`vi`tlrejs
_isirvl e`vi`tlrej josjcitj ?9,>>>
❻
Bl
Bl`l`mels
`l`mels `j Hestr eouehls
Bl
Bl`l`mels
`l`mels `j Hestr eouehls
<;58;
^l
^lsevj
sevj Mjrrei`ti
E]
E]_
_ pjr pl blr <2,>9>
Mlpetlc <,;5;
_is irvl Ciblc
^lrl ribestrlr ic ldusti hi E]_ pjr plblr y ris irvl ciblc <;,58; <;,58;
Jpe`eý`
Kifjs luhetlhj cjs istlhjs ge`l`meirjs hi cl mjfplüæl YFB, ].L., qui mjfpri`hi`
ic istlhj hi setulmeý` ge`l`meirl lc =< hi hemeifori hi ?><5, ic istlhj hi risuctlhjs,
ic istlhj hi mlfoejs i` ic pltrefj`ej `itj y ic gcudj hi igimtevj mjrrispj`hei`ti lc
idirmemej tirfe`lhj i` hemkl gimkl, lsæ mjfj cls `jtls ixpcemltevls hi cjs istlhjs
ge`l`meirjs qui e`mcuyi` u` risufi` hi cls pjcætemls mj`tlocis seb`egemltevls.
I` `uistrl jpe`eý`, cjs istlhjs ge`l`meirjs lhdu`tjs prisi`tl` geicfi`ti, i` tjhjs cjs
lspimtjs fltirelcis, cl setulmeý` ge`l`meirl hi cl mjfplüæl YFB, ].L. lc =< hi
hemeifori hi ?><5, lsæ mjfj sus risuctlhjs y gcudjs hi igimtevj mjrrispj`hei`tis l cjs
idirmemejs tirfe`lhjs i` isls gimkls, hi mj`gjrfehlh mj` cls @jrfls hi E`gjrflmeý`
Ge`l`meirll -@EEG.
Ge`l`meir
Gu`hlfi`tj
Gu`hlfi`tj h i cl jpe`eý`
Muistej`is mclvi
mc lvi hi cl l
luhe
uhe tjr
tjræl
æl
Cls muistej`is mclvi hi cl luhetjræl sj` lquiccls muistej`is qui, sibô` `uistrj duemej
prjgisej`lc, kl` sehj hi cl flyjr seb`egemltevehlh i` `uistrl luhetjræl hi cjs istlhjs
ge`l`meirjs mj`sjcehlhjs hic pirejhj lmtulc. Istls muistej`is kl` sehj trltlhls i` ic
mj`tixtj hi `uistrl luhetjræl hi cjs istlhjs ge`l`meirjs mj`sjcehlhjs i` su mj`du`tj
y i` cl gjrflmeý` hi `uistrl jpe`eý` sjori istjs, y `j ixprislfjs u`l jpe`eý` pjr
siplrlhj sjori istls muistej`is.
Cl risjcumeý` hi cjs mlsjs gesmlcis y ciblcis i` mursj puihi lolrmlr lcbu`js lüjs y
puihi efpcemlr `ibjmelmej`is j `uivjs cetebejs,
cete bejs, pjr cj tl`tj, klmir duemejs sjori pjseocis
risuctlhjs is u` tifl mjfpcidj. Cjs lhfe`estrlhjris lpceml` duemej plrl isteflr cl
prjoloecehlh hic risuctlhj guturj i` mlhl mlsj y lô` `j kl` ribestrlhj prjveseý` plrl
muorer cls mj`te`bi`mels gesmlcis y ciblcis.
I` fltirel gesmlc, `js kifjs riu`ehj mj` cjs herimtevjs hic ìril gesmlc plrl riveslr su
ivlculmeý` sjori mlsjs seb`egemltevjs, sus pu`tjs hi vestl y istrltibels, lsæ mjfj cjs
gu`hlfi`tjs tåm`emjs riclmej`lhjs mj` su pjsemeý`, olslhl i` cls ciyis gesmlcis