8

Science
Quarter 3 – Module No: 1
THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER

AIRs - LM
Science 8
Quarter 3 - Module 1: The Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Geraldine E. Padilla

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Target

If you look around, you may see people and a variety of things, such as books,
desks, chairs, vehicles, and buildings. You may also see plants, animals, mountains,
clouds, rivers and many other things.
Everything found in the environment is matter. Each has certain properties that
make it different from others.
Different forms of matter are seen everywhere. They can be in solid, liquid and
gaseous forms. Many of the things that you use every day are materials in solid,
liquid and gas.
Matter can be classified according to its characteristics and properties. Knowing
the properties of matter can help you determine its uses and how each form can be
changed.
After going through this learning material, you will know more about matter and
be able to attain the following objectives:

Learning Competency:
Explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the particle nature
of matter (S8MT-IIIa-b-8)

Subtasks:
1. Explain the particle nature of matter.
2. Use simple diagram to describe the arrangement of particles of solids, liquids and
gases.
3. Compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases in terms of arrangement and
movement of particles

Jumpstart

Let’s check how much you know

about the topic.

Is it a Fact or a Bluff?
Direction: Read and analyze each statement below. Write Fact if the statement is
correct otherwise Bluff if the statement is false.

1. An atom is the smallest particle that has all the properties of the element.
2. All nonliving things, such as chairs, tables, stones and water are matter.
3. Volume is the amount of matter in an object.
4. A particle is a word we use for a small piece of matter.
 5. A molecule is a result of combining two or more atoms together in a specific
arrangement.
6. Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
7. A solid has a definite shape and volume.
8. Gases cannot flow and can’t be compressed since its particles are compact.
9. Particles in solids are not arranged in fixed regular pattern.
10. The molecule of gases moves freely in all directions and are arranged farthest
from one another.

To understand the lesson well, do the following activity on this learning material.
Enjoy learning!!!

Activity 1: Word Hunt

Direction: Given the puzzle, find and circle the list of words below. Words appear
straight across, backword straight across, up and down, down and up, and
diagonally. (Note to the teacher: Please provide a copy of the puzzle to the students.)

F G H P A R T I C L E E S U Y
S O L I D K L I O P E E L L U
Q E S F T J V J X T J L Y I L
G D E N S I T Y S B A U W O I
H C K R G H J I O H F C R O Q
U P L M A T T E R K X E O P U
I J N I E D T R N D G L U Q I
L S M J G G D X D R X O T A D
Y S P S H S F T J D I M E F T
R S R F K S A G S G G I U X G
S A E G W S F T J U M U G G D
D M Y K E G D X D O O G D X D
F G W L Y G G D T E T G W I F
G J H Q O E R A N M A H W G H
B K V O L U M E S F T J T R N

particle molecule liquid density volume

gas solid matter mass atom

Let’s check how much you know about matter by doing the next activity.
Activity 2: Identifying Matter
Direction: Identify whether the following materials are matter or not. Put a check
mark on the appropriate column.

Material/Sample Is the material/sample matter? Reason for your answer

YES NO
sugar granules
water
stone
air inside a balloon
leaves
smoke
heat
light
plants
animals

Discover

In Grade 7 you have learned how to classify materials in several ways of

classifying variety of materials – heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures, elements
and compounds, metals and non-metals as well as solutions of acids and bases.
In this module you will broaden your understanding about matter. This module
will help you understand what the particle nature of matter is all about.

What is matter?

Matter occupies space and has mass. It can be a solid, liquid or gas. All
nonliving things, such as chairs, tables, stones and water are matter. All living
things, such as plants and animals, are also matter.
How can you identify matter? Matter can be identified by knowing its different
characteristics and properties.

Properties of Matter

Properties of matter are characteristics that describe sample of matter. General

properties of matter are properties that are common to all types of matter. Some of
the general properties of matter include mass and volume.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. You can measure mass of an object
by using a balance or a weighing scale. It is the property of matter that will not
change under all conditions. Matter can also occupy space. The measure of the space
occupied by an object is called volume. All matter has mass and volume.
 While the general properties of matter are evident in all forms of matter, there
are also other properties that are manifested only in certain materials. These are
specific properties of matter, some of which are elasticity, flexibility, malleability,
ductility, brittleness, conductivity and porosity.

What is matter made of?

The particulate theory of matter describes what matter is made of. Scientists
believe that matter is made up of very small particles. A particle is a word we use for
a small piece of matter. We can see small pieces of salt. However, scientists believe
that slat is made up of even smaller particles that we cannot see.

https://www.slideshare.net/savedbyGrace/chapter-7slides

The idea of matter being made of atoms has been recognized a long time ago.
Some of the early ideas about the composition of matter according to the Greek
philosophers and scientists will be discussed below.
According to Thales of Miletus, all things came from water, and the Earth itself
float on water. A century after Thales’ death, Leucippus, a Greek philosopher,
conceived the idea of indivisible units called atoms (meaning “uncut”). This idea was
developed in the late fourth and early fifth centuries B.C. by Democritus, a student
of Leucippus to whom Aristotle attributed the atomic theory. Democritus believed
that matter consisted of tiny particles called atomos and that the infinite variety of
observable things could be explained by the combinations of different sizes and
shapes of these particles.
Empedocles, a contemporary of Democritus, proposed that matter is made up
of four elements – fie, earth, air and water.
Aristotle rejected the idea of the atomism of matter. He believed that there is no
limit to subdividing matter. Dividing matter in small bits can go on infinitely with
each piece getting smaller and smaller.
 The idea of an atom began to be of operational significance when John Dalton
showed that this could explain the existing laws of chemical combination. He chose
the word atom to express the idea of indivisibility. He pictured an atom as a tiny
indestructible sphere with mass.
The Atomic Theory of John Dalton presented a concrete evidence that all matter
is made of very small particles called atoms. An atom is the smallest particle that
has all the properties of the element. Although we know that atom is very small,
today, we know that they are not indivisible as Democritus thought. An atom is still
consisting of even smaller particles.

Subatomic
particles are
smaller particles
that consist an
atom.

A molecule is a result of combining two or more atoms together in a specific

arrangement. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist
independently. For example, the molecule of water is the combination of an atom of
oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen, H2O. atoms of the same element can also combine
to form a molecule. For example, the oxygen that is needed to sustain life of animals
is the combination of two atoms of oxygen making O 2 gas.

H
H
O
O
H

H
Oxygen atom Water molecule
2 Hydrogen atoms

Atoms are very small that it can’t be seen by our naked eyes or even a high-
powered light microscope that is used in laboratories. The size of an atom is
measured in angstroms. One angstrom is a unit of length equal to one ten millionth
of a millimeter.

Particle Models of the Three States of Matter

In science, we make models to understand things we cannot observe directly.

As particles of matter are too small to be seen, scientists have constructed a physical
model to show how particles in the solid, liquid and gaseous states of a substance
are arranged. It is called the particulate model of matter and helps us to explain
the particulate nature of matter. This model also helps us to visualize what solids,
liquids and gases are like on the inside.
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas. Solid liquids and gas differ
in the way their atoms and molecules are arranged.

Particulate Model of the three States of Matter

https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Three-States-of-Matter-Solid-Liquid-and-Gas-1-700x287.png

Solid

In solids, particles are close to each other, are compact. A solid has a definite
shape and volume. Particles are arranged in a regular or fixed pattern. Particles
cannot move freely but constantly vibrate in their fixed positions. Solids cannot flow
and can’t be compressed since its particles are compact. Rocks, books, pens, erasers
and blackboards are examples of solids. The particles of solids are held together by
a strong force. One common characteristic of both solid and liquid is that the
particles are in contact with their neighbors, that is with other particles. Thus they
are incompressible and this commonality between solids and liquids distinguishes
them from gases.

http://tornado.sfsu.edu/Geosciences/classes/e260/DewPointTemperature/Activity%203%20Teacher%20Guide_%2
0It's%20Just%20a%20Phase_files/phase1.gif
Liquid

The molecules of liquids are arranged and positioned far from each other. Since
the particle are closer to one another, the attraction between particles is stronger
than those in gases. Their molecules move more freely or can flow easily than those
of solids and it can be poured into another container without changing their volume;
hence, they have no definite shape but have definite volume. This happens because
there are attractions between particles of liquid which hold them together although
not in fix positions. A liquid takes the shape of its container. Particles are not
arranged in fixed regular pattern. Particles constantly move over short distances and
slide across each other. Water, juice, milk, and carbonated drinks are examples of
liquid.

http://tornado.sfsu.edu/Geosciences/classes/e260/DewPointTemperature/Activity%203%20Teacher%20Guide_%2
0It's%20Just%20a%20Phase_files/phase2.gif

Gas

The molecule of gases moves freely in all directions and are arranged farthest
from one another. Gases have no definite shape and volume. They take the shape
and volume of the container they are in. The particles of gases move at random
directions very quickly and travel in straight-line paths. In the process they collide
with one another and with the walls of the container. They change directions only
when they rebound from the collisions. The distance between the particles are large
compared to the size of the particles. The attraction between particles are negligible
because of the large distance between them. This explains why gas spreads. Its
particles fill all the available space in the container.

Gases takes the shape of the container because the particles are able to move
freely to all parts of the container. They move freely because they are far apart and
there is negligible attraction between them. This model also explains the
compressibility of gases. The distance between particles are large and so there are
rooms for particles to move closer to each other.

Gases can be felt and smelled, but cannot be seen nor tasted. Unlike liquids
and solids, they can be compressed and can even occupy small spaces. Examples of
gases are carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
 Both liquid and gases flow freely; hence, they are called fluids.

http://tornado.sfsu.edu/Geosciences/classes/e260/DewPointTemperature/Activity%203%20Teacher%20Guide_%2
0It's%20Just%20a%20Phase_files/phase3.gif

Here are activities for you to work on to master the basic concepts you
have learned in this lesson.
 Explore

Enrichment Activity 1: What’s the matter?

Direction: Based on the discussions above, complete the diagram below about
matter.

MATTER all matter has

states

1 2 3

example

6 7 8

Guide Questions

Q1. What do scientists believe matter is made up of?

Q2. There are spaces between particles of matter. How do the spaces differ in
solids, liquids and gases?

Q3. Give some everyday examples to show that particles are in motion.
Enrichment Activity 2: Drawing Solids, Liquids, & Gases
Direction: Draw five examples of solids, liquids, and gases. Write down the name
next to the picture.
Enrichment Activity 3: You Complete Me!
Direction: Complete the table below to compare the properties of the three states of
matter. Use the discussions in this module as your guide.

States of Particul Arrange Shape Volume Fluidity Compres

Matter ate ment of (can flow sibility
Model Particles easily or (can
cannot flow) compressed
or cannot be
compressed)

Deepen

At this point you are now ready for your last activity. Remember the things
that you learned in this lesson. Good luck!!!

Water Power

What do you, the trees, and a dog have in common? Give up? You all need water.
All living things must have water to survive, whether they get it from a water fountain,
a rain cloud, or a little bottle attached to the side of a dog cage.

Without water, your body would stop working properly. Water makes up more
than half of your body weight, and a person can't survive for more than a few days
without it. Why? Your body has lots of important jobs and it needs water to do many
of them. For instance, your blood, which contains a lot of water, carries oxygen to all
the cells of your body. Without oxygen, those tiny cells would die and your body
would stop working.
Water is the most important liquid that every living thing needs. Water is also
one of the few substances that can exist as solid, liquid and gas.
For your last activity, here is what you’re going to do.

What you need: pen, paper and coloring materials

What to do: Your task is to draw the three states of water showing the arrangement
particles in each state.

Criterion Possible
Points
Clearly illustrates the concept 25
Drawing looks similar to what was taught 25
Includes many details (measurement, shapes, figures, color and 20
sizes)
Accurately labeled 15
Neat, legible and large enough to see all the details 15
Total 100

Let’s check how much have you learned in this module.

Good luck!!!
 Gauge
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. In which state are the distances between the particles greatest?
A. Gas B. Liquid C. Solid D. Both gas and liquid

2. Which one of the following diagrams best represents a model of the particles in a
solid?
A.

B.

C.

D.

3. Which one of the following statements is correct?

A. Gases cannot be compressed.
B. Solids are easily compressed.
C. Gases are easier to compress than solids.
D. Liquids cannot be compressed or expanded.

4. A solid is a state of matter that has a(n)

A. definite volume and a definite shape.
B. indefinite volume and a definite shape.
C. definite volume and an indefinite shape.
D. indefinite volume and an indefinite shape.

5. In which state of matter are particles packed tightly together in fixed positions?
A. gas B. solid C. liquid D. compound
6. How will you describe the particles of a liquid?
A. have no viscosity
B. decrease in volume with increasing temperature
C. tightly packed together and stay in a fixed position
D. free to move in a container but remain in close contact with one another

7. Which state of matter undergoes changes in volume most easily?

A. frozen B. gas C. liquid D. solid

8. What are the three states of matter?

A. Rock, Brick, Shoe B. Solid, Liquid, Gas
C. Rain, Sleet, Snow D. Liquid, Water, Soda

9. What do all liquids have in common?

A. They are clear B. They are sticky
C. They can be poured D. They can be drank

10. What is anything that takes up space and has mass?

A. Mass B. Volume C. Melting D. Matter

11. What do you call the amount of space a liquid takes up?
A. Volume B. Matter C. Solid D. Liquid

12. Which state(s) of matter below has no definite shape?

A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Both B and C

13. Which below has both a definite shape and volume?

A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Both A and C

14. Which state of matter below lacks both a definite shape and definite volume?
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. All of the choices

15. Which state of matter is represented by these molecules?

Source: https://w7.pngwing.com/pngs/626/829/png-transparent-solid-particle-molecule-
liquid-state-of-matter-shape-tomato-shapes-fruit.png

A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. cannot be determined

Jumpstart
Is it a Fact or a Bluff?
1. fact
2. fact
3. bluff
4. fact
5. fact
6. fact
7. fact
8. bluff
9. bluff
10. fact
Activity 1: Word Hunt
Activity 2: Identifying Matter
Material/Sample Is the material/sample matter? Reason for your answer
YES NO
sugar granules / Occupies space and has mass
water / Occupies space and has mass
stone / Occupies space and has mass
air inside a balloon / Occupies space and has mass
leaves / Occupies space and has mass
smoke / Occupies space and has mass
heat / It is a form of energy
light / It is a form of energy
plants / Occupies space and has mass
animals / Occupies space and has mass
Explore
Enrichment activity 1
1.solid
2. liquid
3. gas
4. mass
5.volume
6. answer may vary
7. answer may vary
8. answer may vary
Guide Questions
Answers may vary
Enrichment activity 2
Answer may vary
Key Answer
Enrichment activity 3
States of Particulate Arrangement Shape Volume Fluidity Compressibil
Matter Model of Particles (can flow ity
easily or (can
cannot flow) compressed
or cannot be
compressed)
Tightly Has definite Has definite Cannot flow Cannot be
packed, very shape volume easily compressed
close to each
solid other
Far away Has no Has definite Can flow Cannot be
from each definite volume easily compressed
other, have shape
spaces
liquid between
them
Very far from Has no Has no Can flow Can be
each other definite definite easily compressed
shape volume
gas
Gauge
1.A
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.B
6.D
7.B
8.B
9.C
10.D
11.A
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.A
Name: ____________________________ Section: __________________

Activity 1: Word Hunt

(Leaner’s Copy)

Direction: Given the puzzle, find and circle the list of words below. Words appear
straight across, backword straight across, up and down, down and up, and
diagonally. (Note to the teacher: Please provide a copy of the puzzle to the students.)

F G H P A R T I C L E E S U Y
S O L I D K L I O P E E L L U
Q E S F T J V J X T J L Y I L
G D E N S I T Y S B A U W O I
H C K R G H J I O H F C R O Q
U P L M A T T E R K X E O P U
I J N I E D T R N D G L U Q I
L S M J G G D X D R X O T A D
Y S P S H S F T J D I M E F T
R S R F K S A G S G G I U X G
S A E G W S F T J U M U G G D
D M Y K E G D X D O O G D X D
F G W L Y G G D T E T G W I F
G J H Q O E R A N M A H W G H
B K V O L U M E S F T J T R N

particle molecule liquid density volume

gas solid matter mass atom
References:

Books:

Science 8 Learner’s Module, Department of Education

Mendoza and Religioso, Chemistry Textbook (2nd Edition). Phoenix Publishing

House

Sinugbuhan and Villamil, Integrated Science I, Aviba Publishing House Inc.

Nueva Espana and Apostol, Chemistry, Aviba Publishing House Inc

Ungson and Fornias, Chemistry: Science, Environment, Technology and

Society, Sibs Publishing House

Website:

https://www.slideshare.net/LeAnneeeeeeee/the-three-states-of-matter-48715882

https://w7.pngwing.com/pngs/626/829/png-transparent-solid-particle-molecule-
liquid-state-of-matter-shape-tomato-shapes-fruit.png

http://tornado.sfsu.edu/Geosciences/classes/e260/DewPointTemperature/Activit
y%203%20Teacher%20Guide_%20It's%20Just%20a%20Phase_files/phase1.gif

http://tornado.sfsu.edu/Geosciences/classes/e260/DewPointTemperature/Activit
y%203%20Teacher%20Guide_%20It's%20Just%20a%20Phase_files/phase2.gif

http://tornado.sfsu.edu/Geosciences/classes/e260/DewPointTemperature/Activit
y%203%20Teacher%20Guide_%20It's%20Just%20a%20Phase_files/phase3.gif

https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Three-States-of-Matter-
Solid-Liquid-and-Gas-1-700x287.png

https://www.slideshare.net/savedbyGrace/chapter-7slides