P rice 30 C

'

e nts

E e a c h e rs
‘

o l u m b ia
”

c . (uni ve rsi t y

A S y ll ab us o f a c o u rs e

Ele m e nt a r
y
?

W I L L I AM NO "ES ; M A . . .

"

AS S I S TAN T PRO FE
"
S S OR OF I N D"S TRI AL m i sg mm c ms
"

n C OLLEGE

COL"M B I A "N I VERS I T"

P u b l il h c d by

N EW "O R K C IT"
Te a c he rs C o lle g e S y lla bi N o 4
, . P ri c e 3 0 C e n ts

t e ac h e rs (C o l l e g e
”

(Eo l u m b i a (un iv e rs i t y

A S y lla b u s
. o f a C o u r se

Ele m e n t ar
y W o o d wo r kin g

W I LL I A M NO "E S , M A. .

A S S I S TAN T P RO FE SS OR OF I ND "S TRI AL ART S ,

C
TE A H ER S C O LLEG E
.

COL"M B I A "N I VER S I T"

P u b l ish e d b y

weat hers (1111 11999 QI nl umh i a fi n i m’r z i t g

,

N EW "O R K C I T "
 C o pyr i g ht , 1 91 3, by e a c he rs
T C o lleg e

/3

"0LA8 4 3 8 0 2
 C O N T E N TS

I N TRO D"C TI O N

I S C RAP B A S K ET

II I
P CT "RE FRA M E C LAM P

III I
P CT "RE FRA M E

IV C A NDL E S T I C K

V TA B ORE T

VI M A LL E T

VII PE N TRA "

VIII B L O TT ER HO LD ER

I " TR I N K E T B o x

X HA N G I N G LA NT ER N
 E L E M E N TAR " W O O D W O R KI N G
I N TR O D "C TI O N
course in E lementary W o o d wo r k in g as g i ven a t
Th e ,

T e ache rs C o llege aims to give the stu d ent three main o pp o r

,

t u n it i e s
I . Fo r the acquisition o f skill in the handling o f woodw o rking
to ols ;
II . For pra c ti c e in designing simple p roj ects in woo d ;
II I . Fo r insight into the metho d s an d problems o f woo dw o rk
M a nual Training "shop ”
'

in the school .

I I n the following pa ges the outline o f only the fi r st o f

.

these ob j ects is sketche d : namely a pract i cable meth o d o f pr o ,

c e d u r e in the acqu i sition o f skill It will be noted that t h e .

c ou rs e here outlined is so pl anned that :

I A va riety o f woods is employed each app r op riate fo r
.
,

its part i cular proj ect They are cypress whitewood mapl e .
, , ,

white p ine mahogany ch estnut h ic kory sweet gum oak and

, , , , , ,

bla c k w alnut .

2 I n general the t echnical pro c esses in v ol v ed i n c rease i n

.
,

d i ffi culty th rough the se ries but aesthetic consi d erations a re not ,

sa c r i ficed to this f ormula .

3 S ever al types o f constru c t i on are empl oy ed i n v olving

.
,

such j oints as end lap rubbe d miter m i d d le c r o ss lap d owele d

-

, , ,
~ -

butt m ort i se and tenon and ledge

,
- -

, .

4 A few simple pro c esses i n Cop p e r working are in c lu d e d

.

b e c ause thei r employm e nt c on side rably extends th e rang e o f u s e

ful and o rnamental proj ects a v ailable .

5 A va riety o f fin i sh e s is suggest e d i n clu d ing se v e ral

.
,

methods o f staining as well as the use o f such polishes as o il , ,

wax and shella c , .

In a wo rd the course involves a consi d erable variety o f

,

e xperi en c e in techni c al pr ocesses .

I t i s imp o ssible ho wev er i n th es e few p a ge s to des c rib e

, ,

adequately fine p o ints o f te c hnique For s o me o f thes e re fe r .

,

"
e n c e s are made th roughout the text to the author s books Han d ’
,

W o rk in Wood an d Studies i n Wood Design and C o n

" ”
'

,
” 1
stru c tion In the f ormer b ook will also b e foun d an ext e nd e d
.

b i bl iogr aphy o f other b ooks on w oodworking B u t let it not b e

"

1
Th e M anual A rts P r e ss P e o r i a , , I ll i n oi s .
2 E l e m e n ta r y W o o d w o r k i ng

fo rgotten that howeve r help f ul books may be to t h e work er th e y ,

c a n n ot fill the pla c e o f c lass o r ind iv id ual instru c tion and d e mon
s t r a t i on .

I t should n ot be supposed that the proj ects here outlin e d

c onstitute a h ard an d f ast cou rse fo r n ew ones are f requently i n ,

t ro duc e d Th ose described are o ffered as typ ic al

. .

I n addition to the proj e c ts themselves note b ooks an d d ra w ,

ings are requi red as rec o r d s o f work acc o mplish e d B y a system

, .

o f interchange o f blue prints and ph otographs the des i gns o f

each stu d ent are availab le f or all o f the c lass .

I n the chapters f o ll o wing othe r proj ects involving the same

,
,

o r sim i lar processes are suggested and i llustrations and notes on

" ”
t h ese may be found in Stu dies in Wo o d .

I n t h e c ourse as given at Teachers C o llege all but

II .
,

two o f the proj e c ts the pictu re frame clamp and the mallet are
, ,

s uch as to in v ite th e wo rker to create his own designs B u t in .

this p amphlet no attempt is made to dis c us s v aried d esigns o f

the same proj ect A few general suggestions howe v er may be
.
, ,

o ffered fo r help i n des i gning .

Artisti c j udgment and skill o f hand devel op best when th e y

develop together D rawing f urnishes an in v aluable means o f
.

indicating and recording designs and its constant use is r e c o m ,

mended not only as a means o f expression but as a record o f

, ,

achievement .

It i s also an exceedingly valuable practice to fo rm a colle e

tion o f ph otograph s o f good examples o f simple proj ects t o ,

which constant re ference can be ma d e I f these can be mounte d .

on a uni form size o f mount 8 % x I I inches they may be c o n , ,

v e n i e n t ly kept in a ve rtical letter file .

Th e pr oj e c ts h e re given belong in the fi e l d o f the spa c e arts

in wh ich there are certain well recogn ized principles Thes e are .

"
well analyzed and illustrated in th e following b o oks : C ompos i
"
tion by Arthur W D ow ; A Th eo ry o f P u re Design by
” ”
-

, . ,

"
Denman W R oss ; De sign in Theo ry and P ractice by E rnest
.
,

A B atchelde r To this matter o f design considerable attention

. .

"
i s given in the author s Studies in Wood Design and C o n ’

”
structi o n .
 I n t r o d u c ti o n 3

It is o f course impossible to redu c e the subtle process o f

d esigning to a fo rmula but there are s e v eral impo r tant steps ,

th rough which it may sa f ely be said that the desi gn o f e v ery

proj ect shoul d go .

I The fir i n g o f t h e e ss e n ti a ls or tho se featu res wh i ch

.

make fo r an article s convenience in u se "nder th i s hea d su c h ’

.

matters as the following are determined :

a Th e appr oximate or definite size
.
.

b Th e kind o f woo d to b e u sed

.
.

c Th e construction including
.
,

( 1 ) K ind o f j oint o r j o ints ;

( 2 ) M ethods o f opening and shutting o r l oc king ;
( 3 ) Appli a nces f or li f ting or movi n g or hanging .

2 . Th e r e fin i n g o f p r o p o r t i o n s
a o f the mass a s a whole ;
.

b o f each part to the wh o le ;

.

c o f each part to each other part ;

.

(I o f each line within itsel f i f it curves or is a b roken

.
,

line or is tu rn e d on a lathe ,
.

3 . D e c o r a ti o n Th is r elates to the treatme nt o f the surfa c e

.

a C arving border or sur face ( all over ) patterns in

.
,
-

g ouged lines or modeled .

b P anels c arved in o r constru c ted in

.
,
.

c I nlay o r v en eer
.

d Design ing o f access o ries handles kn o bs keys plates

.
, , , , ,

escutcheon s .

4 . F in is h .

a . Stain .

b . P aint .

C . O il .

d . Wax .

e . Shellac inclu ding French polish

, .

f . Varnish .

III It is inevitable that the individual cra f tsman working

.
,

alone should develop certain methods an d p ractices which are not

,

feasible w i th large c lasses O n the other hand where a numbe r .

,

o f persons are to go th rough essentially the same pro c esses as ,

in school shops mate rials can o ften be more economically pre

,

pa red processes can be standardized an d op e rati ons facilitated

, ,

by con c erted a c t i on Thi s is true ev en when in d ividual proj ects

.
,

not group proj e c ts s o calle d are unde rtaken In the elementa r y

, , .

woodwork i n g co u rse at Tea c hers C ollege these methods are p r o

v i d e d for but are necessar ily omitted here
, .
 I . S C R AP B AS K E T

In thi s proj ect the pr i me obj ect is to furnish an opportunity

fo r con s ider able pra c t ic e in sawi n g and pl a ning so that the b e ,

ginner may mast e r these elementary process es at on c e and th en ,

to unite the piece s made in a use f ul well proportioned a rti c le ,

-
.

O ther proj ects that involve these fun d amental processes o f

sawing and planing are such as can be made with a number of
slats for example a lea f pr ess a table letter basket and a flow e r
"

, ,

pot screen .

The making o f only one type f o rm is d escrib e d h ere ( Fig .

I)
’
but in th e author s Studies in Wood C hapte r IV there
, , ,

will be found suggesti ons f o r making original designs as w e ll a s

d etailed d irections fo r executing them an d d raw i ngs and sug ,

g estions for othe r similar p roj ects .

The pieces fur n ished to the student are to be c u t t o l e ng t h

a n d dressed both sides s o th at narrow sur face planing may pr e
,

c e de the more d i fficult end and b road surface planing .

M a t e r i a ls a nd M e a s u r e m e n ts .

C ypr ess spruce o r other so f t woo d

, ,

" ”
2 pieces 243 x 8 x
,

I piece 8 x 8 x 8
7
,
" ”

Wi r e brads ,
No 1 8 . .

7 d o z m e t a l e n e upholst e r ing nails N o 2 2 0 brow n or gree n

.
, .
, .

I can o f penetrating oil stain b rown or green , .

I c a n of prepared wax .

M e th o d fo P r o c e du re .

1 . M a ki n g t h e 2 8 s l a t s ea ch x x 16,

( I ) Att e n d to the adj ustm en ts o f the j a c k plan e ( se e

( 2 ) M ar k o n e b road sur
”
Hand Work in VVo o d p p 69 -

, .

fa c e as the w o rkin g face ( see H a nd Work i n Wood p ”

, .

I f the boa rd i s slightl y warp e d mark t h e c on c a v e side ( 3 ) P lane

,
.

straight and square b Ot h edges o f b oth b oar ds ( 4 ) G age w it h .

,

marking gage lines on both si d es o f b oth p i e c es

, from
bot h edges ( se e Fig (5 ) R eset
. markin g gage adding l
f y
”
,

and gage lines from edges ( 6 ) R eset marking gage at .

 S c ra p B a s ke t

Fi g . 1 . S c ra p basket ,
6 E le m e n ta r y W o o d w o r ki n g
'

a nd gage again ( 7 ) C ontinue to gage spaces

.

"
a l t e r n a t e lv and V4 wide until 2 8 slats a r e lai d out ( see
Fig .

Fasten one boa r d in bench v ise

(8 ) -

, as in Fig 89 .

Hand wo rk in Wood .

G a g e d l i nes o n p i e c e t o be sa w e d i nt o slats .

(9 ) R ip saw one boa rd th rough the center o f the fi rst

-

”
space Hand Work in Wood p S aw hal fway th r ough ;
,
.

r e v erse an d saw th e other hal f .

( 1 0 ) I n like manner saw o ff the slats f rom the othe r edg e

,

a n d f r o m b oth edges o f the other board Lay asid e the slats .

s aw n o ff and plane again th e edges of the boar d s planing so as

, ,

j ust to split the gage lines .

( ) S aw o ff the next slats in a similar way plane back to

1 1 ,

t h e n ext line and continue till 2 8 slats are s awn o ff P lane the .

other ( rough ) side o f each slat till the gage line is spl i t making
, ,

e ac h slat thi c k M ake all slats o f uni fo rm thickness

.

thr ough o ut .

( 2 ) T o fa c ilitate this planing o f thin slats a d e v i c e may

1 ,

be used such as is sh o wn in Fig 3 The di stance f rom t h e i n . .

s e r t e d cleat to the en d i s j ust less th an the length o f t h e slat s

t o be planed .

( I 3) C ham fe r o ff f rom both short a rrises at one e n d

 S c ra p B a ske t 7

o f ea c h slat as in Fig ,
. 1 .
( "se the chis e l as in Ha n d Work in
Wo od , Fi g .

II . M a k i n g t h e b o tto m .

( I ) Lay se v en slats c lose side by s id e measur e th e i r tot a l ,

w idth and add six t i mes

, the space between the slats o r ,

Th e total is the exact size o f th e bottom T hi s p r e c a u

-
.

t i o n is taken be c ause the thickness o f the o riginal board m a y n o t

ha v e been exa ctly

Fig . 3 . De vic e fo r ho l di ng t h i n str i p s fo r plan i ng .

( 2 ) P lane th e bottom to this require d size a n d t h ick ,

" ”
following the order gi v en o n p age 72 o f Hand Work in Wood .

III . M a ki n g t h e c r o s s c l e a t s fo r fr a m e . T h e p i e c e l e f t f ro m
m aki n g t h e s lat s m ay b e u s e d th u s
( )
1 Smooth the two broad sur faces tak i n g as fin e s h a vi n gs ,

"
as p o ssible ( 2 ) P lane true one e d ge o f th e p i e c e ( 1 6 l on g )
.
.

age a line from dge ) S a w o ff the surpl u s

( 3) G e 4 .

an d plane to line .
8 E l e m e n ta r y l/V o o d w o r ki n g

( 5 ) Gage on the planed edges two lines f rom ea c h

b r oad face 6 ) Saw betw e en these two lines and plane ba c k
.

to them ( 7 ) C u t each o f these Cleats crosswise in the mi d dle

. .

( 8 ) T e mporarily nail all fou r pieces together with the sides

, ,

and one end per fectly flush ( Fig using N o 1 5 b rads . . .

( 9 ) In the miter box saw the bunch a s long as the ,bottom

is wi d e ( 1 0 ) M easure
. f r o m both ends and lay out a s
in Fig 4 .
( 1 1 ) P lace the bun c h in the miter b ox aga i n and saw
.

o n the o utside o f lines A B ( 1 2 ) C hisel out the returns .( C D .

Fi g .

Fi g . 4 . M et hod of mak i n g an d "

o i n i ng f rame of s c rap baske t .

( 1 3 ) Take the cleats apart a n d nail them t o gethe r re v e rsing ,

tw o o f th e m so as to fit into the returns of the oth er two N a il

,
.

b o th ways ( se e F ig ( 1 4 ) Sand p a p e r all the pie c e s wi t h

.

sandpap e r folded around a bl o ck tou ching o ff all t h e s h a r p ,

ar r i ses .

IV . Ass e m b l i n g .

( ) 1 On one ar r is o f one o f the slats lay out the prope r

sp a c in g fo r the slats Th ese are
. apart ( see Fi g W i th .
 S c ra p B a ske t 9

a sh arp pencil trans fer this to each edge of the bottom and to
the outside o f the f rame already made A mere dot is su fficient . .

2) Nail the slats to the bottom w ith brads No .

one bra d t o each slat and that o n e j ust o ff the center t o make
, ,

room f or the upholstery nail wh ich will be dr i ven in later to ,

cove r it Th e ends o f the slats are flush with the lowe r sur face
.

o f the bottom .

Fi g . 5 . A rran g ement of slats .

3) Tack the f rame tempo rarily in place M

”
f rom the , 1

t op o f the slats nailing with brads f r om the inside o f the frame

,

at the c o rners .
4)
S et up the basket and see that all is square , .

5) To have s omething s olid to nail against cut a stick o f ,

wood j ust the right length to fit snugly between two opposite

membe rs o f the f rame .

( 6 ) Nail each slat in its place on the f rame us ing u p ,

h o l st e r y nails and a mallet two rows o f uph olstery nails at the,

frame and one r o w al ong the bottom .

V . Th e f e et(8 p i e c e s
. x x
”
( 1 ) S aw o ff fr o m the remnant ( 1 6 long ) two pieces
"
thick pg wide 2 ) Saw each o f these into two equal rectangular
, .

"
pieces 7 long .

( 3 ) From both ends c u t out the returns with th e back saw

and trim with the Chisel ( 4 ) C u t each o f these pieces in the
.

middle at an angle o f as in Fig 6 making 8 pieces ( 5 ) O n .

,
.

the outside o f each c u t out the deco rati o n with a veining tool
,

o r a sha rp kni fe poi n t ( 6 ) C ham fer the long outer a rris as in

.

A Fig 6 ( 7 ) N ail these pieces in mitered pai rs at the corners

, . .
10 E le m e n t a r y W o o d w o r ki n g

o f the b o ttom letting them proj ect outsi d e o f the slats j ust the
,

width o f the Cham fe r .

VI . F i n i s hi ng .

( ) S ee that
I all su r faces are Clean o f finger an d pe n cil

marks 2 ) Apply the stain ( B ridgeport Woo d Finishing C o m

.

Fi g . 6 . F ee t of s c rap basket .

pan y s
’
Stain is recommended ) with a bru sh ( 1
P enetrating O i l
beginning on the i n side ( 3) Wipe ea c h portion be fo re i t d ries
‘
.

w ith cotton waste S ee th a t no parts are le ft un stained

.
4) .

R ub hard the outer su r f ace with cheese c loth Th e mor e rubb ing .

the b e t t e r the appearance .

 II . P IC T "RE F R AM E C L AM P

Th e Chie f new processes involved in this proj ect are boring

and perpendicular chiseling O the r proj ects that in v ol v e these
.

fundamental proc ess es ar e : P encil holder s a sol itaire game and , ,

tool ra c ks .

A p ai r o f these arms with the attached blo c ks as sh o w n in ,

Fig 7 make an ex c ellent c lamp f or glui n g tog et h e r pictur e

.
,

f ram es In use they appear as in Fig 2 5 4 Hand Work in

.
, .
,

Fig . 7 . P i c ture f rame c lamp .

W ood . "nless
they are to b e used o ften the arms may be ,

made o f yello w p o pla r but maple will stand harde r an d longer

,

u sage In any c a se the blocks should b e made o f maple

. ,
.

Fo r mo re explicit directions fo r this proj ect and for s u g g e s

" ”
tions fo r other similar proj ects see Stu d ies I n Wood , ,

C h apter V .
12 E le m e n ta r v W o o d wo r ki n g

M a t e r i a ls and M e a s u r e m e n ts .

4 pieces o f yellow poplar : x x 1 6

” "
6 pie c es o f maple : 7 8 x I % x
8 round h ead screws : NO . 12 .

M e th o d o f P r o c e du r e .

I . rm s Th e a .

( 1 ) Dress up the four pieces o f yello w p o plar to size .

( )
2 L a y out a quarter circle at one end o f each piece an d tr i m
"
to shape with perpendi c ular chisel i ng ( se e Hand Work i n
"
) (
”
Wood p 5 6 Fig , (3 . Finish w ith ,
spoke sha v e
. Ha n d -

Wo rk in Wood Fig ,
.

Fi g . 8 .
M et hod of sa wi ng st o p bl oc ks of p ic tu re f ram e v i se .

(4 ) G age cente r lines f rom end to end o n both b r o a d sides -

o f ea c h piece 5 ) Step o ff with the compass on th ese cent e r

.

lines the points for the h o les as sh o wn in d rawing ( Fig 7 ) ,

.

6) B o re the ho les N ote that the hole from the .

quadrant a l end is i n diameter .

”
( 7 ) With a V2 chisel cut out the spa c e between ea c h
”
and V4 hole Take c are to make these cuts par allel to sides o f
.

p i e ce .

II . Th e b l o c k s .

( 1 ) D ress up six pieces o f maple x x ( 2 ) Lay ,

out the shape on fou r o f these with an interi o r 90 angle at both °

ends ( Fig .
( 3 ) Trim o ff a little o f all the a rrises across
.

t h e thi c kn e ss ( 4 ) S aw out these an gles with back saw an d tr i m

.
,

c lean with sha rp chi sel .

5) Locate a point from one end o f each piece in

center o f broad fa c e ( 6 ) B ore at thes e p o ints holes f or screws
.
 P i c tu r e F r a m e C la m p 1 3

with No .
5 gimlet bit .
7) S crew in round headed s c rews
-

”
I V
'

z N O 1 2 till h ead is
.
,
f rom sur f ace .

"
8) In hinge pieces ( the other 33 4 pieces ) bo re holes
"
partly t h rough with N o 5 gimlet bit ( 9 ) S lip s c rews ( I %
. .

No 1 2 ) th rough h o le i n quad rantal end o f l o n g pieces an d s c rew

.

to hinge p ieces .

( 1 0 ) O il all parts with boiled linseed oil and wipe o ff w it h .

cott on waste .
 III . PIC T "R E F R AM E

For a d is c ussion o f the subj ect o f pictu re framing see ,

”
S tudies in Wood C h apte r VI N ume rous suggestions fo r
, .

v a riations and embellishments will also be found there .

Anothe r proj ect invo lving similar processes is a glass bot

"
t o m e d tea tray ( S ee S tudies in Wood
. C hapter VI ) , .

The dir e c tion s that follow are for a simpl e f rame fo r a

" apanese p r i nt o f a crow as seen in Fig 9 Th e size o f the , . .

p rint is x 1 3%

M a t e r i a ls a nd M e as u r e m e n ts .

x I x 4 0 ” '
White pine :
P i ctu re glass : x
P icture backing : x x
2 d ozen brads : NO 1 8 . .

”
2 screw eyes ( %I hole ) ( B rooks N o
, , , .

A l i ttle mapl e v enee ring th i c k .

M a n ila p ape r .

P i c t u r e wi re .

M e th o d f o Pr o c edure .

I
‘

.M a ki n g th e me m b e r s .

1 ) Tak i ng t h e wo o d in two pieces each 2 4 long plane to , ,

exa c t width and thickness and angles exactly squa r e

( 2 ) P l o w a rabbet wide and deep a long one arris ,

as at A in Fig 1 0
, ( See Hand Work in Wo od p
. .
”
,
.

3 ) To p re v ent the fen c e o f the plan e from rubbing on the

bench block up the piec e to be planed o n another p i ece such as
, ,

s how n in F ig 1 1 .

( 4 ) C u t t h e miters making the outsi d e measu re o f th e long

'

m embers and o f the shor t members P lace the ,

m olding in the mite r box as in Fig 1 2 5 ) Test the opposite . .

m embers to see th at th e y are o f exactly the same length .

( 6 ) Test all angles with m i te r squ a re and try square .

s( 7 ) I f n ecessary trim miters with block plane ,

-

.
 P i c tu r e Fr a m e

Fi g . 9 . F ra m e d "
apane se pr i nts .
1 6 E le m e n t a r y W o o d w o r ki n g

II . Ass e m b l i n g .

I ) M a k e t r i a l as sembly i n pi c ture frame c lamp ( Fig 7 ) .

with hand screw and test with try square .

1 0 . En d vi e w of rabbete d s tr i p .

Fi g . 1 1 . De vic e fo r h o l d i ng str i ps wh en rabbet i n g .

 P ic tu r e Fr a m e I 7

) Apply glue to miters asse m ble clamp up and test for

2 , , ,

squaren ess ( 3 ) When dry ( a f ter 6 hou rs ) cut saw ker f s as

.
,

a b in Fig 1 3 ; apply glu e to both sides o f slip feathers o f maple

.

v eneering an d inse rt these in saw ker f s

, .

4) Tri m o ff su r plus o f slip f eathers with ba c k saw .

5 ) C lean o ff glue wit h chisel ( 6 ) D ress u p th e front surface

.

and the edges with plane cutter well sh a rpened and set fine .

7 ) S and p ape r in the direction o f th e grain only .

Fi g . 1 2
. P osi t io n of m o l di ng i n m i ter

III . Fi n i s hi ng .

) Stain to proper col o r and wax ( See Han d Work in

I .

”
Woo d p , .2 ) C u t picture backing to proper s i ze ,

x ( 3 ) C u t glas s a n d polish it with B o n Am i soa p .

(4 ) Lay frame f a c e down insert glass picture and backing and

, , ,

”
nai l all in place with b rads 73 N o 1 8 using a light h amm er
, .
,
.

5 ) Apply a thin fi lm o f liquid glue to back o f f rame

dampen the man i la paper on one si d e and stretch ove r b ack o f
f rame When d ry trim edges
.
, .

”
(6 ) I nsert sc re w eyes 2 f rom th e top e d ge ( 7 ) S tretch
,
.

picture wi r e between screw eyes .

1 8 El e m e n t a r y Wo o dwo r ki ng

Fi g . 1 3 . K er fs c ut i n o r e r s of p i c t u r e f ram e to re e iv e s l i p fe a t he r s
c n c -
.
 IV . C AN D LE S TI C K

Th e st r u c tural feature o f thi s proj ect i s th e mi d dle c r o ss

lap j oint O the r proj ects th at invol v e this co n st r u c t i o n a r e
.

flowe r pot stands with single or d o ub le j oint a r i ng toss gam e

, , ,

an d the bas e o f a lamp screen .

Th e can d lestick itsel f h o weve r has many a rt i st i c possibili , ,

ties suggest i ons f o r which will be found in S tu d ies i n W oo d

'

, ,

”
Design an d C onstruction C hapter VII Suggestions a n d ,
.

sketches o f other proj e c ts may also b e f ound there .

I t i s suggested that in or de r to be c ome familia r w ith th e

making o f the j oint 3 p ractice j oint b e made n r st o f w hi te pin e
,
.

Th e dire c tions which f ol low a re for making th e c a n d l e st ic k

shown in Fi g 1 4 . .

M a t e r i a ls and Il l e a s u r e m e n ts .

M ahogany o r black w alnut

A I piece 7 3 x 1 3 4 x
”
.
”
,
1 1

B piece
. I x ,
x
” ”
C 1 piece 1 94
. x , x 3
”
B ra d s 94 No 1 8 , . .

C opper G age N o 2 0 , . : I piece , 1 p i ece , 1

x 3 .

M e th o d o f P r o c e du r e .

I . Th e
p e de st a l .

( 1 ) D res s up all surfaces o f p i ece A to x 1 1

Hand W or k in Wood p ( )
2 From e a c h d re ssed e n d
”
, .

” "
saw a piece 5 long u sing the b a c k saw ( S ee Han d work i n ,
.

W o od page , 3 ) Dress the sawn ends sm o oth an d t r u e .

4) O f these pie c es make t h e mi dd le c ros s lap j oint a c -

"
c ord ing to di rections g iv en in H an d Wo rk in W oo d p 1 55 ,
. .

5 ) C u t with a b lock plane the cham fers on the en d s o f all th e

p i e c es a n d wi t h a ch i sel the stop c ham fe rs o n the s i d e s ( 6 ) Wi t h .

a g ouge o f t h e c o rre c t c ur v e cut out the co v e s al on g the upp e r ,

a r ris e s .

( 7 ) G lu e t o geth er t h e t w o pie c es w i th hot glu e c lamp i ng ,

tight W h en d r y clean up and s a n d paper

.
,
.
20 E le m e n t a r y W o o d wo r k i n g

II . Th e column . x x 3
( 1 ) D r e s s up the piece C squa re and t rue ( 2 ) M o r tis e one .

" ”
end i nto the pedestal at the cr oss ( Hand Wo r k i n W oo d p , .

( 3 ) G age t h e lines E F an d G H ( Fig 1 5 ) and c onne c t .

these points with a fine p e n c i l line to t h e lowe r c orn e rs as PI

and H " ( 4 ) Taper the t w o o pp o si te s i des so la i d out
. .

Fi g . 14 . Can d l estic k .

5 ) La y
out the other two sides in a simila r w ay a s at
L"
,

and M Kand plane to shape ( 6 ) C u t the co v es to c orre

, .

sp o n d with thos e o f the pe d estal

7 ) San d pape r.

( 8 ) G lue .

the column i nto its place clamp ing with h a n d sc r e w

, .
 C a n d l e s ti c k 21

I II . Th e f e e t
( 4 pieces x2 x2
.
,

”
( 1 ) P lane up pie c e B to x 2 x ( 2 ) C ham f e r o r
cove the arrises on the edges and ends as in Fig 1 4 ( 3) C u t . .

”
o ff f rom both e n d s pieces 2 lon g and be v el th e i nner en d s as
,

i n Fi g 1 4 ( 4 ) C ham fer o r c o v e the ends a ga i n c ut o ff two

. .
,

mo re pieces and be v el 5 ) S andpape r

, ( 6 ) Faste n these feet
. .

in th e i r proper places with brad s N O 1 8 ) a n d a tou c h of .

glue .

Fig . 1 5 . Lay o ut of co lumn fo r c an d lest i c k

-
.

IV Fi n i sh
. .

1 ) Fo r staining mahogany make a sat u rate solut i on o f

bi c hromate o f p otash It dissolves readily in hot water With . .

one part o f th is and three o f water paint the su r f ace and wip e
o ff at on c e with c o tton waste
( 2 ) When d ry rub with st ee l .
,

woo l N o 0 0
-

. .

3 ) O il with a mixture o f one part b oiled linsee d oi l an d two

pa rts turpentine Wipe d ry an d rub o ften and ha rd with a rag
.

and a little oil I f mor e gl oss is d esi red wax the sur fa c e ( See
.
,
.

"
H an d W o r k in W oo d p ,
”
.

V . Th e
co ppe r so c ke t a n d pla n .
1

( 1 ) C u t w ith the snips a piece o f copper N 0 20 gage 1 , .

,

1
Fo r d eta i le d di re c t i o n s fo r mak i n g t h e co pper par ts see S tu di es i n W ood
Des i gn an d C o nstru c t io n C h apter V I I
, ,
”
, .
22 E le m e n ta r y . Wo o d wo r k i n g

w id e and a littl e l o nge r than the c ir c um ference o f the c a n dl e

diamete r ) P o u nd th i s fl a t wit h mallet an d fil e long edg e s
.

st raight a n d pa rallel ( 2 ) File en d edges w i th a slight b e v el a s

.

i n Fig 1 6.
3 ) Hammer into a cylinder as shown i n Fig 1 7
.
. .

4 ) W rap Wi t h binding wi re to hol d j o i nt tight ; tou c h j oint

with s o lde rin g fluid ( 5 ) Lay a short piece o f wir e s o lder i ns id e
.

o n j oi nt and hea t o v e r a gas j et When sol d er melts ru b i t

, .

into place with a sharp sti c k .

Fi g . 1 6 . E n ds of s t r i p fo r s oc ke t b e v e le d s o as to butt w el l .

Fi g . 1 7 . M e t hod o f h amme r i n g a c yl i n d er o u t o f a str i p .

(6 )
For m a king the pan c ut out a squ are o f copp e r
squa r e sn ip o ff t h e sharp co rners a n d fi le edges s m ooth
, , .

( 7 ) B o re two holes in bottom ( Fig 1 8 ) a n d counters i nk . .

 C a n d l e sti c k 23

Fi g 18 P lan fo r c an d les ti k Fig 19 S o ke t an d pan wi re d to get h e r fo r

c
s o l d e r i ng
. . c , . .

( 8 ) Wire socket an d pan togethe r a s i n Fig 1 9 an d solder to .

,

ge t h e r 9) C l e an up solde r wit h k n i fe an d p olish w ith tr i pol i

.
.

( 1 0 ) S crew pan to top o f column o f c and lestick .

 V . TAB O R E T

Directions f ollow for making the s imp l e form shown i n

Fig 2 0
. .O the r proj ects which involve th e j oints used in this
ta boret a re foot stools an d small tables both o f which are sub
,

j c et to great var iety o f design .

Fig . 20 . Tab o ret .

A v a r ie t v
o f modifications o f the type shown in Fig 2 1 a s ,
.

well as sugge stions for new desi gns for this an d similar proj ects ,
 Ta b o r e t 25

a re to be found in Studies in Wood Design and C onstru e ,

”
ti on C hapter VII I
, .

M a t e r i a ls and M e a s u r e m e n ts .

C yp re ss or chestnut °

A 4 pieces
.
3
4 x x 17 ,
”

”
B 2 pieces
. x 2 x ,

”
C 2 pieces 3 4 x
. x ,

" "
D I piece 554 x 1 3 x 1 3
.
,
”

”
1 6 dowel pins x 1 94 ,

”
b rass m e n d i n g stra Ps 2 x
1
2 I

1 2 screws No 4 ,
. .

1 6 b rads No 1 2 , . .

M e th o d f o Pr o c edur e .

I D re s s i ng up part s
. .

( )
1 P l a n e u p f our pieces A to pr ope r size ( 2 ) To trim .

end s exactly hand screw all f ou r together and blo c k plane at one
,

time 3 ) P lane up stretchers B and C in like manner ( 4 )

. .

M ake c ross lap j oints w ith piece s B and C acco ding to di rections
"
r

"
gi v en in Hand V Vo r k in Wo od p 1 5 5 ( 5 ) G lue up these
-

.
, .

j oints and hand screw .

II Fitti ng stret c he rs t o l e gs
. .

( 1 ) Draw fine pe ncil line all rou n d each l eg from one

end ( S ee Fig
. ( 2 ) O n insi d e o f le g mark points
.

fr om edge These show location o f stretchers

.
3 ) O n outside .

o f leg mark points f r o m edge Th ese sh o w location o f .

dowel pins ( 4 ) M ark center lines on edges o f stret c hers B an d

.

C .
(Fig ( 5 ) D raw fine pencil line across cente r o f uppe r
.

end an d down insid e and outside o f leg a s C DE i n F i g 24 . .

( 6 ) Locate points A and B ( F ig .2 4 ) f o r dowels .

III S
hapi n g th e le gs
. .

( 1 ) C lamp two legs togethe r e d ge to e d ge as in Fig 2 5 ,

and bo re 5/ "hole at A hal f way th rough ( 2 ) R eve rse and bore

,

”
.

t h rough 3 ) R epeat on all edges

.
( 4 ) D raw outl i nes tangent .

to thes e h o les 5 ) Wo rk out surplus wood with d raw shav e

-

and spoke s h a v e "

.
26 E le m e n ta r y I/Vo o d w o r ki n g

d ra wi ng of t ab o r e t
"

Fi g . 21 . W o rk i ng .
 Ta b o r e t 27

Fi g 22 Lay o ut of " oi n t of l ow er
stret ch e r w i t h leg
-
. .

Fi g 23 Centre l i ne s AB an d CD Fi g 24 Lay o u t o f " oi nt o f u ppe r

st r e t ch e r W t h leg
-
. . . .

m arke d o n stret ch ers . i .

IV . As s e m b li ng f ram e .

( ) C u t 1 6Idowel pins x ( ) artly point on e

2 P ,

e n d w ith dowel pointer and roun d up other e n d a s i n Fig 2 6 .

,

wi th kni fe and sand pape r 3) At the po i nts in th

. e legs marke d
fo r dowel holes bo re th rough th e legs with a N o 40 twist drill . .

Fi g . 26 . D ow el p i n fo r tab o re t .
 W o o d w o r k i ng
'

28 E le m e n t a ry

Fi g . 25 . M et hod of s h ap i ng legs .
 Ta b o r e t 29

( 4 ) P u t a little hot glue on each end o f stretchers an d nail

the legs to them with N O 1 2 brads allow i ng heads to .
,

proj ect .

5 ) C lamp all together as in Fig 2 48 Hand W ork in .

,

”
Wood protecting the legs w ith so ft wood blocks
, ( 6 ) When .

”
d ry d raw out one brad at a time bo re with
,
b it a hole 2 ,

d eep ( 7 ) W o rk glu e into the hol e with a splinter and drive in

.

a dowel pin leaving the rounded end proj ecting ( 8 ) C lean

o ff supe rfluous glue ( 9 ) San d pape r taking pains to touch o ff
.
,

a ll sh arp a rrises .

V . M ak i ng a n d a ffi xi ng to p .

( I ) P lane up the top to si ze 1 3 x 1 3 ( 2 ) I f the piece ,

has to be j ointed f ollow th e directions fo r a rubbe d j oint on

,

pages 1 72 1 74 Hand work in W ood

" -

, ( 3 ) Lay out the o c .

”

" ”
tagon ( Hand Wo rk in Wood p s aw o ff corners and
, .

d res s to size ( 4 ) C ham fe r arrises

. .

5 ) At extreme ends o f each uppe r stretche r cut o u t a

not c h to receive brass mending plates ( V" x No .

6 ) B o re ho le in middle o f b rass plate to receive No 4 .

scre w an d counte rsink on opposite side f rom the o t he r cou n

t e r s in k s ( 7 ) S crew these into place as in Fig 2 1
.

( 8 ) O n the . .

t o p laid top side do w n locate the f rame w ith the grain o f the top
-

pa rallel to one stretcher and screw f rame into place , .

( 9 ) S tain w ith an appropriate colo r oil with boiled linseed ,

oil and rub ( 1 0 ) To stain chestnut a brown c o lo r expose it to

, .
,

a mmonia f umes in a closed box for 2

4 hou rs and then oil ,
.
 VI . M AL L E T

S ome o f the processes involved in making the mallet ,

as
c u r ved planing accurat e bo ring and mo d eling are also to
, , , be
had in the blotter holde r ( S e c t i on VIII ) Dimensi ons ar e to . be
seen in Fig 2 8 M o re explic i t di rections will b e foun d
. . in
"
Stu di es in Wood C hapter IX ,
.

M a t e r i a ls and M e a s u r e m e n ts .

M apl e : p i ece
1 x ,
x 5 f or head .

” ”
H ickory : I pie c e %3 x ,
1 53 x 1 1 fo r handle .

M e th o d o f P r o c e du r e .

I . he a d Th e .

I
( ) P lane up working f ace wo rking edge wi d th an d thick , ,

ness ( 2 ) With try square and sharp pencil d raw fine cente r line
.

across all sides (AB C Fig .

3) L ocate center o f two oppo,
.

site sides on thes e lines .

Fi g . 27 . M apl e b l oc k fo r m llet h ea d a .

"
( 4 ) B o re M hole at thes e points boring hal fw a y th rough ,

from each side "s e ratchet b race an d a f ter starting work with
.
,

down stroke only ( 5 ) I f the holes do not meet exactly ch isel

.
,

o ff remaining shoulder w ith inside b e vel gouge

( 6 ) S lightly elongate h o le in direction o f g rain at one sur face .

( Fi g ( 7 ) Lay out shape o f he a d on b road side ( Fig

. .

( 8 ) S co re with kni f e p o int th e line s fo r bev els at en d s E C and

-

, , ,

B D ( Fig .
 M a lle t 31

Fig . 28 . W o rk i ng d ra wi ng of mall e t .
32 s le m e n ta ry l/Vo o d w o r k i n g

( 9 ) Lay a piece o f waste wood on the bench the mallet ,

head on this on its side and on thi s c lamp a square straight , ,

piec e o f wood exactly along th e sco red bevel line E C Fig 30

, , ,
. .

( 1 0 ) Saw o ff su rplus with cross cut saw R epeat at B D "

. .

( 1 1 ) P lane e nd s with j ack plane cutte r w ell sharpened and set

Fi g . 29 . Ho w t h e h an d le ho le tapers o ut .

fine .
( 1 2 ) Draw sha v e and then plane o ff a c ross gr a in the
-

curv ed oute r su r f ace ( 1 3 ) C ham fer outer arris to avoid

.

splintering .

II . Th e
h a n dle .

1 ) True up the hick o ry pie c e to ( full ) x I % x I I

”

2 ) Lay out plan o f handl e f rom center line on both b roa d sides .

Fig . 30 . Lay o ut of s i des of mal let h e a d

-

( 3) B or e
hole I fr o m hand end thr o ugh short ax i s ( 4 )
38
, .

R i p saw o ff waste on edges starting f r o m b o th end s T o sta r t on

-

, .

th e tapering c ut clamp on block A ( Fig 32 ) and start sawing

, .
 M a lle t 33

Fi g . 31 . Lay o ut fo r be v ele d s id es
-

( s een
f r o m bel ow ) .

Fi g 32 M et hod of Fi g 3 3 W e d ge fo r h an d l e
start i ng a sa w o n
. . .
. .

a taper n g i

c ut .

at B .
( 5 ) Save one o f the pieces sawn o ff f or wedge to be
us e d late r .

( 6 ) Spoke sha v e
-

to lines keeping ,
piece rectangular 7) .

°
Draw center lines on both edges and on ends ( 8 ) Lay o u t 4 5 .

cham f ers al o ng all long a rrises ( 9 ) Spoke shave these cham

.
-

fers ( 1 0 ) Fit small end o f handle in hole in head ( 1 1 ) Spoke

. .

sha v e large end to elliptical se c tion ( 1 2 ) S c rape smo oth and

.

sandpap e r .

I 3 ) C u t saw ker f 1 deep at small end parallel with short

a xi s o f ellipse at other end ( 1 4 ) M ake wedge as in Fig 33
. . .

I 5 ) Drive handle in head letting handle proj ect

, ( I 6 ) Dip
wedge in glue and d rive it into saw ker f ( I 7 ) S aw o ff surplus .

o f w edge and clean up

,
. 1 8 ) G ive head two c oats o f shella c ,

and rub down with steel w ool .

 VII . P E N TR A "

The proces s o f gouging which is characteristic o f the mak i n g

o f a pen tray i s of course applicable to trays for other pu rpose s
, ,

as for c omb and b rush pins or C lips cr umb s trinkets e tc , , , ,

.

Di re c tions follow fo r making th e pen tray shown in Fig .

”
2 70 ,
Ha n d Wo rk in Woo d P lan an d cr o ss sect i on o f t h i s
.

a r e shown in Fig 35 ( S ee also Fig

. N umerous other
. .

d esigns and suggesti ons for designing a s we l l as mo r e e xpli ci t ,

d ire c tions fo r making v arious kinds o f t r ays are to be f o u n d ,

"
i n Stu d ies in Wood C hapter ,

M a t e r i a l s a n d M e as u r e m e n t s .

S w ee t gum : x 2 93 x

Fig . 34 . P en tray an d r o ll i n g bl ot ter h o l d er .

M e th o d f o Pr oc edu r e .

( 1 ) D ress up f ou r surfaces to size ( 2 ) Draw center lines .

lengthwise and crosswise on face 3 ) Draw the des i gn on sti ff .

pape r lay it on gla ss an d w ith a sharp kn i fe po i nt c ut a sten c il

,
-

o f one qua r ter o f it With this sten c il lay o u t d e sign on w o rking

-
.

face o f boa r d .

( 4 ) M ake a depth gage by d riving a I nail into a straight

"

str i p o f wood l etting the na i l proj ect the amount o f the depth o f
,

t h e trough , 5 ) G ouge out t r ough o f tray wit h 1 outsi d e

bevel gouge ( See Hand Wo rk in Wo od p 60 and Fig
.
, . .
 P e n Tr a y 35

Fi g . 35 . P en Tray .
36 E le m e n tar y Wo o d wo r king

Finish gouging with twisting motion o f gou ge and test depth ,

frequently with depth gage Take particular pains at en d s

-

. .

( )
6 S cr ape sur f ace o f trough with cabinet scr ap er For method .

o f sha rpen i ng see p 92 Hand Work in Wo o d ( 7 ) Sandpa p er

" ”
. .
,

the trough smooth .

( 8 ) C arve th e deco rations Fo r simple line w o rk as i n t h is

.
,

" ”
des i gn a small gouge o r v eining tool is su fficient C u t clean
,
.

w ith a sharp t ool and do not attempt t o sandpaper the lines .

"
( 9 ) Shape the ends fi rst with the chisel ( H and Wo rk in
,

”
Wood pp 5 6 and
, . ch iseling as smooth as possible an d then ,

use san d paper on a block ( 1 0 ) Turning the piece on its face

.
,

gouge a cove along the arris o f the under si de This may be .

made into an ogee with the chisel ( I I ) S c rape s mooth and

.
,

sandpaper .

( 1 2 ) R u b all over with steel woo l ( N o 0 0 ) to make as .

smooth as possible I 3 ) O il with b oiled linsee d oil ( 1 4 ) Ap

. .

ply several coats o f white shellac rubbing each d own w ith steel ,

"
w ool ( 1 5 ) F rench polis h acco rding to directions in Han d Wo rk
.

in Wood p 1 2 7
,
. .
 VIII . R O L L IN G B L O TTE R HO L DER

Di rection s foll o w fo r the design shown in Fig 34 Fo r . .

"
o ther designs and mo re explicit di rections see Studies in Wood ”
,

C hap X I. .

M a t e r i a ls and M e a s u r e m e n ts .

S weet gum
A I piece x .
, 3 x 5 ( f ull ) .

"
B 1 piece F A x .
, 3 x 5 ( f ull ) .

”
C 1 piece I x 1 .
,
x 2 ( full ) .

I dowel ,

M e th o d f P r o c e du r e
o .

( I ) Th e construction is sh own in Fig 36 ( 2 ) True up . .

t o size the two larger pieces A and B 3 ) Locate the center

'

.
,

o f face o f each piece ( 4 ) B ore hole through B and

.

h ole th rough A and a hole nearly th rough C .

5) With tap belonging to screw box cut threads i n holes -

in A and C ( 6 ) With screw box cut th reads on dowel f or two

.
-

i nches ( 7 ) P u t a little glue in hole o f piece C and screw in

’

d owel .

( 8 ) P iece C is taken two inches long to prevent splitting

while bo ring C u t o ff the su rplu s h al f inch at each end o f pie c e
. .

( 9 ) Lay out f orm on two opposite si d es Chisel an d gou g e s id e s ,

into shape 1 0 ) Lay out f o rm on these t w

. o sides and wo rk the

other two into shape and finally using also fi le and sandpaper , ,

wo r k into ci rcular shape and fin i sh .

1

I I ) G ouge th e deco ration o n knob C and on cover B ( 1 2 ) .

Lay out curve on edge o f A ( 1 3 ) S aw o ff surplus with rip .

saw and smooth w ith the plane across the grain holding the piece ,

in the bench vise and tilting it w ith one end proj ecting above
,

t h e bench 1 3 ) Finish the edges as at AA Fig 36

.
,
. .

( 1 4 ) S andpaper all parts tho roughly ( 1 5 ) Finish with .

oi l and shellac as in the case o f t h e pen tray ( 1 6 ) Fasten a .

pad o f felt on rounded sur f ace o f block A by means o f thick

shellac .
( 1 7 ) Insert blotting paper o f proper s ize .

1
T h i s kn o b wo ul d better be tu rne d o n a l at h e i f o ne i s a v a i labl e .
E le m e n ta r y W o o d w o r ki n g

Fig . 36 . R o ll i n g bl o tte r ho l d er .
 IX . TR I N K E T B O "

Th e variety o f uses to which boxes can be put as , ,

f or ex
ample glo v es cigars neckties stationery toilet articles cutlery
, , , , , , ,

n o t to speak o f b i rd houses and plant boxes gives th i s proj ect a ,

constant interest O ther design s and suggestions will be f ound

.

"
in Stu dies in Wood C hapte r X II For t h e variety o f j oints ,

"
possible see H and Wo rk in Wood pp 1 8 7 1 90
, , .
-

Th e di rections which follow are f or a box

3 deep 4 wide ,
"
and 7 long outside dimen sions ( Fig, . .

M a t e r i a ls and M e a s u r e m e n ts .

B lack w alnut o r mahogany

" "
I piece x 8 x 20 ,

2 b rass butt hinges : narrow .

8 fl a t h e a d b ras s screws : No . 2 .

B rads : 1 8 .

M e th o d o f Pr o c e du r e .

(1 ) C f rom the board 2 pieces 3 wi d e and 1 2 long each

ut ,

s u ffi c i ent f or one side and one end ( 2 ) D ress up working face .

,

wo rking edge one end the width ,

an d thickness ( 5
,

( 3) From d ressed e n ds measure S co re all around

"
w ith kni fe point and c u t out saw groove ( S ee Hand Work in .

”
Wood Fig , Do n o t saw o ff yet
. .

( 4 ) P low rabb ets deep f ro m face o f board and

"
w i de f ro m edge along one edge o f each 1 2 b oard ( See H and -
.

”
Wo rk in Woo d p ( 5 ) O n other edge o f both boards
, .

plow out rabbet deep and wide ( S ee Fig . .

( )6 ”
S aw o ff pieces 3 3
4 ( to be ends o f box ) and block
plane true B oth pieces must be exactly the same size
. x ,

x and all angles squa re .

( 7 ) O n both ends o f each side piece cut rabbets H and

”
W o rk i n Wood p 1 79 N o 24 ) w ith th e shoul d ers
, . apart
,
.
,

r a bbet d eep letting surplus proj ect as in Fig 39 "

,
se . .

kni fe back saw and chisel

,
-

( 8 ) Apply a little glue on j o i nts ( liquid glue will do ) ,

c lamp up as in Fig 40 and nai l sides an d en d s together locating

.
, ,
40 Ele m e n ta r y I/Vo o dw o r k i n g

Fi g . 37 . Tr i n k e t b ox .

Fig . 38 .
M et hod s of affi i n g t h e t o p of th e
x box .
 Tr i n k e t B o x 41

Fig . 39 . R abbete d s id e of box .

brads as in Fig 4 1 an d d riving as in Fig 40

, ( )
9 N ail set . .
-

brads and stop up nail holes with plugs o f same kin d o f wood
,

trimmed to fit and glued in S et away to dry . .

When d ry clean up any s uperfluous glue a nd dress

( )
1 0 ,

uppe r edges per f ectly plain .

( 1 1 ) P lan e bottom to exact s ize G lue and .brad it into

pl a c e
.

( 1 2 ) P lan e top pie c e to th ic kness M ake e d ge s true

a n d squa r e but the size slightly la rger than necessary
,
.

( I 3) P low r abb e ts on all its edges deep and wide

, ,

en o u g h s o that t o p w ill fit into place ( 1 4 ) G lue on top clamp

.
,

i ng wi th han d screws and w ith protecting boards between (I5) .

W hen d r y ( 6 hou rs ) d ress o ff proj ecting parts .

 E le m e n ta r y W o o d wo r king

Fig . 40 . M et h od of d r i v i n g b ra d s i n box .

Fig . 41 . L oc at io n of bra d s i n en d of b ox .
 Tr i n k e t B o x 43

( 1 6 ) G age two parallel lines and ,

f rom top on sides ,

and ends . I 7 ) S aw box apart between these two lines (1 8) .

Dress these e d ges to pe r fect planes so that they fit exactly,

.

"
( 1 9 ) S et the hinges ( For d irections see Hand Wo rk in
.
,

”
Wood p ,
.

( 20 ) C lean up thoroughly sanding o ff the outer arrises ex

,

cept those where the lid an d box meet ( 2 1 ) Stain with b i

.

ch romate o f potash i f wood is mahogany ( S ee abo v e p 2 1 .

, .

( 22 ) R ub d own with steel wool ( 2 3 ) C oat with Whe e ler s

’
.

"
P aste Wood Fille r ( see Hand Work in Wood p No 7 ,
. .
,

f or mahogany o r N o 1 0 f o r black walnut

,
. .

( 24 ) When d ry touch up care f ully with steel wool shellac

, ,

and finish like tray ( S ee p

.
( 2 5 ) I nstead o f shellac the
.
,

box may be well oile d and rubbed o ften .

 X . H AN G I N G L AN TE R N

A v a r i ety o f d esigns both fo r h ang i ng la n t e rns an d wall

l a n t e r n s a n d lamp s c r eens will b e foun d i n Stud i e s i n W ood ,

C h a pt e r X I I I O nly one f o r m o f h ang i ng lantern is d escr i be d

.

h ere .
( S ee Fig .

M a t e r i a ls and M e a s u r e m e n ts .

"e ll o w
poplar t hic k ,

Fo r the corne rs o r stiles : 4 piec e s x 1 x 8 4 p i eces , ,

x x 8 .

"
Fo r the cross piece s o r ra i ls : 4 pieces x I % x ,

4 pieces x x ,

”
F o r the h or i z o ntal c r oss sl ats : 4 pieces x 58 x ,

x SA x
”
Fo r t h e muntins ( v e r t i cal slats ) : 8 p i e c e s ,

2 cleats x x 3 1 stret c h e r
,
x ,

”
3 x
Ma n i la o r b ro w n pape r fo r lining .

4 screw eyes N o , .

C opper o r brass c hains fo r suspension .

C o rrugated fasteners ,

M e th o d f P r o c e du r e
o .

( 1 ) D r e ss all t h es e pie c es to size Wo rk w i t h as lo n g .

p i e c es as i s co n v en i e n t to pla n e an d t h e n c u t to prope r le n gths .

( 2 ) W h e r e t h e re a r e a n umbe r t o cut to o ne le n gth mak e ,

a j i g by fastening a stop in m i t e r b o x at prope r d istance a n d s a w

o ff pieces by that means I f accu r ately sawn no trui n g is n e c e s

.

sa r y .

3 ) D r e ss e n d s o f stiles smooth .

( 4 ) S hape ra i ls upper an d l ow e r w i th c hisel an d spoke

, ,

sh a v e .

5) Fit cross lap j o i nts o-

f s lats F o r d irc e .

"
t i o ns fo r making t h is j oi n t s ee H an d Wo r k in
”
W o o d p 1 5 5 ( 6 ) G lue togethe r
, . . .

7) M ake up co rners by glu i ng st i l e s to

g et h e r as Fig 42
, .
( 8 ) W h en d ry d r e s s o ff o uter
.

su rfaces .
 H a n g in g La n t e r n 45

( 9 ) N ail two slats about 9 long on a flat b o ar d apart ,

a s AA in Fig 44
. .

( 1 0 ) P repare two w e dges B B 8 long thi c k and , ,

tapering f rom wide to a point an d a bu ffe r st r i p C

, .

Fi g . 43 . H an g i n g l an t ern .
 E l e m e n ta r y W o o dwo r ki n g

Fig . 44 . M e t hod of c lamp i ng u p t h e parts .

( 1 1 ) Lay the pieces on one side outs i d e down in thei r

, ,

prope r position in this space ( 1 2 ) P u t in strip C and d ri v e in

.

wedges B B ( 1 3 ) See that al l is square an d flat as in Fig 44

. . .

( 1 4 ) At all j o i nts d ri v e C orrugated fastene rs .

( 1 5 ) R epeat on al l s ides .

( 1 6 ) Stain with b rown oi l stain and rub w e ll

-

,
.

( 1 7 ) C u t b rown o r manila paper and glue on ins i d e with

liquid glue.
( 1 8 ) Fasten in place wi th glue and brads two nar
 H a n g i n g La n t e r n 47

Fig . 45 . D ra w i n g o f lantern s how n i n Fi g . 43 .

row c leats x 5/ 1 6 x 3 as a in Fig 45 1 9 T

( ) o the se
. .

( 20 ) To middle o f
”
cleats nail stretche r b ,
x 3 x
this stretche r screw a copper candle holder ( socket and pan )
ma d e as f or proj ect IV ( 2 1 ) I f electric light is to b e used
. ,

fasten this stretche r to the u pp e r rail and attach socket for bulb .

( 2 2 ) S crew fou r small screw eyes ( N o into each

.

o f the upper ins ide co v ers and attach four copper o r brass chains
o r w i res fo r suspension .