Unit 9: PRESEVING THE ENVIRONMENT

( Bảo vệ môi trường)

A. VOCABULARY

New words Meaning Example

Aquatic Dướ i nướ c, số ng The overuse of chemicals can kill aquatic
/∂' kwætik /¿ trong nướ c animals.
(adj) Việc sử dụ ng hó a chấ t quá mứ c có thể giết
chết cá c độ ng vậ t dướ i biển.

Article Bà i bá o It is very difficult to analyze this article.

/’a:tik/ Rấ t khó để phâ n tích bà i bá o nà y.
(n)
Chemical Hó a chấ t Dangerous chemicals were released into
/’kemik əl/ the river.
(n) Nhữ ng hó a chấ t nguy hiểm đã đượ c thả i ra
sô ng.
Confuse Là m bố i rố i, The information on the board confused
/k’əfju:z/ nhầ m lẫ n people.
(v) Thô ng tin trên bả ng là m mọ i ngườ i bố i rố i.

Confusion Sự bố i rố i, nhầ m There is a lot of confusion about this issue.

/kən’fju:ʒən/ (n) lẫ n Có nhiều sự bố i rố i về vấ n đề nà y.

Consumption Sự tiêu dù ng, Oil consumption often increases in cold

/k ən’s ʌmp ʃ ən/ tiêu thụ weather.
(n) Việc tiêu thụ dầ u thườ ng tă ng lên và o thờ i
tiết lạ nh

Contaminate Là m bẩ n, ô The drinking water is contaminated with

/ k ən’t æmineit/ nhiễm lead.
(v) Nướ c uố ng bị nhiễm chì.
Damage Là m hỏ ng, thiệt Many buildings were damaged in the
/’dæmid ʒ/ hạ i storm.
(v) Nhiều tò a nhà bị hư hỏ ng trong cơ bã o.

Deforestation Sự phá rừ ng Deforestation has a negative effect on the

/di:f ɒri’stei ʃ ən/ environment.
(n) Nạ n phá rừ ng có ả nh hưở ng tiêu cự c đến
mô i trườ ng.

Degraded Giả m sú t chấ t We have changed and degraded the natủ al

/digreid/ lượ ng environment.
(adj) Chú ng ta đã là m thay đổ i và là m hạ i đến
mô i trườ ng tự nhiên.

Deplete Cạ n kiệt Food supplies are severely depleted.

/di’pli:t/ Nguồ n thứ c ă n bị cạ n kiệt nghiêm trọ ng.
(v)
Depletion Sự cạ n kiệt Over - exploitation of oil will lead to the
/ di’pli: ʃən/ depletion of this natural resource.
(n) Việc khai thá c quá mứ c sẽ dẫ n đến sự cạ n
kiệt nguồ n tà i nguyên nà y.

Destruction Sự phá hủ y, sự We should be responsible for the

/di’str ʌk ʃən/ hủ y diệt destruction of the forest.
Chú ng ta nên chịu trá ch nhiệm cho việc phá
hủ y rừ ng.

Ecosystem Hệ sinh thá i Tourism is damaging our ecosystem. Ngà nh

/’i :kə ʊ,sistəm/ du lịch đang gâ y hạ i đến hệ sinh thá i củ a
(n) chú ng ta.

Editor Biên tậ p viên She is an editor

/’editər/ Cô ấ y là biên tậ p viên.
(n)
Fertilizer Phâ n bó n The overuse of chemical fertilzen can lead
/’f ɜ:tilaizər/ to soil pollution.
(n) Việc sử dụ ng phâ n bó n hó a họ c quá mứ c có
thể dẫ n đến ô nhiễm đấ t.

Fossil fuel Nhiên liệu hó a Fossil fuels are non - renewable energy
/’f ɒsəl’fju:əl/ thạ ch sources such as coal or oil formed from
(n) dead animals and flants underground.
Nhiên liệu hó a thạ ch là cá c nguồ n nă ng
lượ ng khô ng thể tá i tạ o như than đá , dầ u
mà đượ c hình thà nh từ độ ng thự c vậ t chết
dướ i đấ t.

Global warming Sự nó ng lên toà n Global warming is one of the biggest

/gləʊbl cầ u problém that we are facing.
w ɔ:miŋ/ Sự nó ng lên toà n cầ u là mộ t trong nhữ ng
(n) vấ n đề lớ n nhấ t mà chú ng ta đang đố i mặ t.

Greenhouse effect Hiệu ứ ng nhà Greenhouse effect is the gradual increase of

/’gri:nhaʊs kính temperature on the earth’s surface.
I’fekt/ Hiệu ứ ng nhà kính là sự tă ng nhiệt độ từ từ
(n) lên bề mặ t trá i đấ t.
Inorganic Vô cơ Dumping inorganic waste in the ground
/in ɔ:’gænik/ cause soil pollution.
(adj) Đổ rá c vô cơ và o đấ t gâ y ra sự ô nhiễm đấ t.
Long - term Dà i hạ n They should have a long-term investment
/lɒŋ’tɜ:m/ in this project.
(adj) Họ nên có sự đầ u tư dà i hạ n và o dự á n nà y.

Pesticide Thuố c trừ sâ u Dumping pollutants such as pesticides and

/’pestisaid/ other chemicals in rivers maké water
(n) contaminated.
Thả i cá c chấ t ô nhiễm như thuố c trừ sâ u và
cá c hó a chấ t khá c và o dò ng sô ng là m cho
nướ c bị ô nhiễm.
Pollutant Chấ t ô nhiễm Factories should stop releasing pollutants.
/pə’lu:tənt/ Cá c nhà má y nên ngừ ng việc thả i cá c chấ t ô
(n) nhiễm.
Pollute Gâ y ô nhiễm We need a fuel that won’t pollute the
/pə’lu:t/ environment.
(v) Chú ng ta cầ n mộ t loạ i nhiên liệu mà khô ng
là m ô nhiễm mô i trườ ng.

Pollution Sự ô nhiễm Environmental pollution is becoming a

/pə’lu: ʃən/ serious problem.
(n) Ô nhiễm mô i trườ ng đang trở thà nh mộ t
vấ n đề nghiêm trọ ng.

Preservation Sự bả o tồ n, giữ I think the preservation of old buildings is

/’prezə’vei ʃən/ gìn very necessary.
(n) Tô i nghĩ rằ ng việc bả o tồ n cá c tò a nhà cổ
thì rấ t cầ n thiết.

Preserve Bả o tồ n, giữ gìn, The government should do more to

/pri’zɜ:v/ bả o vệ preserve the enivironment.
(v) Chính phủ nên là m nhiều việc hơn nữ a để
bả o vệ mô i trườ ng.

Protection Sự bả o vệ We need your protection.

/pr ə’tek ʃən/ Chú ng tô i cầ n sự bả o vệ củ a bạ n.
(n)
Solution Giả i phá p There is no solution to this problem.
/ sə’lu: ʃən/ Khô ng có giả i phá p cho vấ n đề nà y.
(n)
Vegetation Câ y cỏ , thự c vậ t. Desert areas have little vegetation
/,ved ʒi’teiʃən/ Nhữ ng vù ng sa mạ c có rấ t ít thự c vậ t.
(n)

B . GRAMMAR

*REPORTED SPEECH ( LỜI NÓI TƯỜNG THUẬT, GIÁN TIẾP)

1. Definition

Lờ i nó i giá n tiếp là lờ i nó i thuậ t lạ i ý củ a ngườ i nó i, thô ng tin đi từ ngườ i thứ nhấ t qua
ngườ i thứ hai đến ngườ i thứ ba. Trong lờ i nó i giá n tiếp thì cấ u trú c câ u có sự biến đổ i về mặ t ngữ
phá p.

E.g

Trự c tiếp: He said,”I am a student.”

Giá n tiếp: He said (that) he was a student.

2. Types of sentences in reported speech ( các loại câu trong lời nói gián tiếp)

a. Statements ( Câu kể/ Câu trần thuật)

 Câ u trầ n thuậ t là kiểu câ u dù ng để kể, xá c nhậ n, miêu tả , thô ng bá o, nhậ n định, trình bà y về
nhữ ng hiện tượ ng, nhữ ng hoạ t độ ng, trạ ng thá i, tính chấ t trong thự c tế.

E.g: “Mary said,” I am watching TV”

- Khi chuyển mộ t câ u trầ n thuậ t trự c tiếp sang giá n tiếp thì chú ng ta phả i thự c hiện như sau:

+ Dùng động từ say hoặc tell:

Form:
S + say/ say to sb/ tell sb (that) + S + ……

+ Đổi các đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, …..sao cho tương ứng với mệnh đề chính

E.g:

Trự c tiếp: Nga said,”I am reading books.”

Giá n tiếp: Nga said (that) she was reading books.

Trự c tiếp: She said, “My brother is a doctor”.

Giá n tiếp: She said (that) her brother was a doctor.

+ Thay đổi “thì” của động từ

- “thì” củ a độ ng từ trong lờ i nó i giá n tiếp thay đổ i theo mộ t nguyên tắ c chung là lù i thì:

Form
S + said/ said to sb/ told sb (that) + S + V( lùi thì )…..

Saul đâ y là bả ng chỉ sự thay đổ i “thì” củ a độ ng từ trong lờ i nó i Giá n tiếp.

Lời nói trực tiếp ( Direct speech) Lời nói gián tiếp ( Reported speech)
Hiện tạ i đơn Quá khứ đơn
He said, “I work in a bank.” -> He said (that) he worked in a bank

Hiện tạ i tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn

Nam said, I am talking to my brother.” -> Nam said (that) he was talking to his brother.

Hiện tạ i hoà n thà nh Quá khứ hoà n thà nh

Mr Ha said, “ I have bought a computer.” -> Mr Ha said (that) he had bought a computer.

Hiện tạ i hoà n thà nh tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoà n thà nh tiếp diễn
He said, “I have been waiting for you for 2 hours.” -> Ha said (that) he/ she had been waiting for me
for 2 hours.

Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ hoà n thà nh

She said, “ I did the exercise.” -> She said (that) she had done the exercise.
Tương lai đơn Tương lai trong quá khứ
She said, “I did the exercise.” -> My mother said (that) she would visit Hue city.

Tương lai tiếp diễn Tương lai tiếp diễn trong quá khứ
He said, “I will be sitting at the café.” -> He said (that) he would be sitting at the café.

Tương lai gầ n ( Is/ am/ are going to do) Was/ were going to do
They said, “ We are going to build a new house.” -> They said (that) they were going to build a new
house.

Can/ may/ must do Could/ might/ had to do

He said, “ I must do my homework.” -> He said (that) he had to do his homework.

+ Thay đổi tính từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn

Lời nói trực tiếp ( Direct speech) Lời nói gián tiếp ( Reported speech )
This/ These That/ Those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Ago Before
Tomorrow The next day/ the following day/ the day after
The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two day’s time
Yesterday The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday Two days before
Last week The previous week/ the week before
Next week The next week/ the following week/ the week
after

E.g:

Trự c tiếp: She said, “ I saw him here in this room yesterday.”

Giá n tiếp: She said (that) she had seen him there in that room the day before/ the previous
day.

Ngoà i quy tắ c chung trên đâ y thì cầ n nhớ rằ ng tình huố ng thậ t và thờ i gian khi hà nh độ ng đượ c
thuậ t lạ i đó ng vai trò rấ t quan trọ ng trong khi chuyển từ lờ i nó i trự c tiếp sang lờ i nó i giá n tiếp.

*Note:

- “should, ought to, would” giữ nguyên trong lờ i nó i giá n tiếp.

- Độ ng từ “tell” phả i có tâ n ngữ .

E.g: She told me that he was a student.

- Độ ng từ “say” có thể có tâ n ngữ hoặ c khô ng. Nếu muố n đề cậ p đến ngườ i nghe, ta dù ng “to”
 E.g: She said to me that she was doing the housework.

b. Questions ( câu hỏi )

Câ u hỏ i đượ c chia là m loạ i:

+ Yes/ No questions ( câu hỏi yes/ No ):

- Câ u hỏ i yes/ no là loạ i câ u hỏ i đượ c trả lờ i bằ ng yes/ no.

E.g

Are you a doctor?

Does he live here?

- Để chuyển mộ t hỏ i yes/ no từ trự c tiếp sang giá n tiếp thì chú ng ta là m theo cấ u trú c sau:

S1 + asked + (O) + IF/ WHETHER + S2 + V (lùi thì)….

- Tâ n ngữ sau độ ng từ “ask” có thể có hoặ c khô ng.

E.g

Trự c tiếp: Miss Nga said, “Are you a foreigner?”

Giá n tiếp: Miss Nga asked (me) if/ whether I was a foreigner.

Trự c tiếp: “Does John understand music? He asked.

Giá n tiếp: He asked (me) if/ whether John understood music.

+ WH - questions ( Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi )

- Câ u hỏ i có từ để hỏ i là loạ i câ u hỏ i mà ngườ i hỏ i muố n biết thêm thô ng tin và cầ n đượ c giả i đá p.

E.g

What are you doing now?

Where did you go yesterday?

- Để chuyển câ u hỏ i có từ để hỏ i từ trự c tiếp sang giá n tiếp thì chú ng ta là m theo cấ u trú c sau:

S1 + asked + (O) + WH - (when, where, how….) + S2 + V ( lùi thì )…..

E.g

Trự c tiếp: “ What is your name?” He asked.

Giá n tiếp: He asked (me) what my name was.

C. Imperatives (Câu mệnh lệnh ):

Câ u mệnh lệnh là loạ i câ u dù ng để yêu cầ u/ đề nghị ngườ i khá c là m gì đó .

Cá ch nhậ n biết câ u mệnh lệnh:

Câ u mệnh lệnh thườ ng đượ c bắ t đầ u bằ ng:

- Độ ng từ ( V )

E.g

Open the windows, please. Hoặ c please open the windows. ( Từ “please” có thề đượ c thêm
và o đầ u hoặ c cuố i câ u để tạ o ra sự lịch sự .)

- Don’t + V …… ( Mệnh lệnh ở phủ định )

E.g

Don’t smoke in the room.

- Can/ Could/ Will/ Would you + S + V …..? ( Chỉ yêu cầ u lịch sự )

E.g: Can you lend me some books? ( Bạn có thể cho tô i mượ n mộ t vài quyển sách đượ c
khô ng ?)

Để chuyển câ u hỏ i có từ để hỏ i từ trự c tiếp sang giá n tiếp thì chú ng ta là m theo cấ u trú c sau:

S + told/ asked/ ordered + O + (not) + to V +…….

E.g

Trự c tiếp: The teacher said to students ‘ Close the door, please”.

Giá n tiếp: The teacher asked/ told students to close the door.

Note: Trong câ u mệnh lệnh thì bắ t buộ c phả i có tâ n ngữ ( ngườ i nghe ) nên chú ng ta cầ n tìm tâ n
ngữ trong câ u.

Cá c cá ch để tìm tâ n ngữ :

- Đố i vớ i nhữ ng câ u mà đề bà i đã cho sẵ n thì ta chỉ việc lấ y đó mà sử dụ ng.

E.g

Trự c tiếp: Lan said to Hung: “Open your book.” ( Hung là tâ n ngữ )

Giá n tiếp: Lan told/ asked Hung to open his book.

- Đố i vớ i nhữ ng câ u mà ngườ i nghe đượ c đặ t ở vị trí cuố i câ u ( có dấ u phẩ y trướ c ngườ i nghe) thì
ta lấ y đó sử dụ ng .

E.g

Trự c tiếp: “ Help me clean the house, Nga”. Said Hung ( Nga là tâ n ngữ )

Giá n tiếp: Hung asked. Told nga to help her clean the house.
- Đố i vớ i nhữ ng câu mà khô ng có ngườ i nghe đượ c nhắc đến phía ngoài dấu ngoặc và khô ng tìm thấy
ở cuố i câu thì ta xem xét phía trướ c ngườ i nó i có tính từ sở hữ u hay khô ng. Nếu có thì ta lấy đó làm
tân ngữ .

E.g

Trự c tiếp: Her mother said: “Don’t talk loudly in the room.” ( mẹ củ a cô ấ y => ngườ i nghe là
cô ấ y, tâ n ngữ là her)

Giá n tiếp: Her mother asked/ told her not to talk loudly in the room.

- Đố i vớ i nhữ ng câ u mà khô ng thể tìm đượ c tâ n ngữ theo 3 cá ch trên thì dù ng “me” ( tô i ) là m tâ n
ngữ ( ngườ i nghe )

E.g

Trự c tiếp: Lan said:”Go home work.”

Giá n tiếp: Lan asked/ told me to go home then.

D. Một số trường hợp không thay đổi “thì” của động từ

- Độ ng từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tạ i đơn ( say/ says ), hiện tạ i tiếp diễn ( is/ are saying );
hiện tạ i hoà n thà nh “ ( have said/ has said ); tương lai đơn ( will say )

Trự c tiếp: Tom says, “ I am fine “.

Giá n tiếp: Tom says he is fine. ( Tom nó i anh ấ y khỏ e )

- Lờ i nó i trự c tiếp diễn tả mộ t châ n lý, sự thậ t hiển nhiên.

Trự c tiếp: He said, “ The sun rises in the East.”

Giá n tiếp: He said ( that ) the sun sises in the East.

- Lờ i nó i trự c tiếp là cá c câ u điều kiện loạ i II và III

Trự c tiếp: “ If I were you, I would meet her” he said.

Giá n tiếp: He said that if he were me, he would meet her.

- Lờ i nó i trự c tiếp là cấ u trú c “ Wish + past simple/ past perfect”

Trự c tiếp: “ I wish I lived in Ho Chi Minh City”, she said.

Giá n tiếp: She said she wished he lived in Ho Chi Minh City.

- Cấ u trú c “ It’s time the children went to school”, she said.

Giá n tiếp: She said it was time the children went to school.

- Lờ i nó i trự c tiếp có cá c độ ng từ khiếm khuyết ( could/ would/ should/ might/ ought to/ had
better/ used to….)

Trự c tiếp: Miss Lan said, “ you should study hard.”

Giá n tiếp: Miss Lan said I should study hard.

 *BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN - ANSWER KEY

Bài 1: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.

1. The stranger asked me where I ____________ from.

A. come B. coming C. to come D. came

2. Ms. Nga wanted to know what time ________.

A. the movie began B. the movie begins

C. does the movie begin D. did the movie begin

3. Mary said she ……… there the day before.

A. is B. had been C. will be D. would be

4. Mai asked Quang ……

A. when he will come back B. when he would come back

C. when he comes back D. when he is coming back

5. She told me _____________ her up at six o’clock.

A. please pick B. to pick C. should pick D. I can pick

6. He said that He and his friend _____________ married ______________.

A. were getting/ tomorrow B. are getting/ the next day

C. were getting/ the next day D. will get/ the day after

7. He asked me when _____________ there.

A. did I arrive B. will I arrive C. I had arrived D. I can arrive

8. The teacher said, “ I didn’t see her.” -> The teacher said ________ her.

A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. he didn’t see D. he hadn’t

seen

9. I wondered _________ the right thing.

A. If I am doing B. was I doing

C. am I doing D. whether I was doing

10. Tom ___________ that his mother was in hospital.

A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. asked me

Bài 2: Change the statements into reported speech.

1. “She works in a bank”

He said ____ She worked in a bank ___.

2. “ We went out last night”

She told me _____they had gone out the previous night ___

3. “I’m coming!”

He said _______he was coming ___

4. “ I’d never been there before”

She said _______she had never been there before _____

5. “ I didn’t go to the party “

He told me ____he hadn’t gone to the party _______

6. “My mother will come later”

She said _____her mother would come later ____

7. “ He hasn’t eaten breakfast”

She told me _____he hadn’t eaten breakfast ______

8. “ You should go to bed early “

She told me ___i should go to bed early _____.

Bài 3: Change the questions into reported speech.

1. “ What are you going to do at the weekend?’

He asked me ____ what I was you going to do at the weekend __.

2. “Where will you work after graduation?”

He asked me ____ where I would work after graduation ______.

3. “How was the journey?”

He asked me _____ How the journey had been ____.

4. “Do you live in Hanoi?”

She asked me ______ if I lived in HN _____.

5. “Did he arrive on time?”

She asked me ____if I had arrived on time _______.

Bài 4: Change the requests into reported speech.

1. “Please help me carry this suitcase”

She asked me ___to help her carry this suitcase ___.

2. “Please come early”

She asked me ___to come early ______.

3. “Could you please open the window?”

She asked me ____if I could open the window ____.

4. “Do your homework!”

She told me ___ to do my homework _____.

5. “Don’t be late!”

She told me _____not to be late _______.

Bài 5: Change the sentences into reported speech

1. Lan said “ Can you sing a song?”  lan asked me if I could sing a song

2. Miss Hoa asked Hung, “Where did you go last weeks?”

Miss Hoa asked Hung where he had gone the previous week

3. Mr Nam said, “ I am taking the IELTS test tomorrow.”

Mr Nam said he was taking the IELTS test the following day.

4. My mother said, “ I didn’t have a computer last year.”

My mother said that she hadn’t had a computer the previous year

5. The teacher said, “ You must do your homework yourself.”

The teacher told me I had to do my homework myself

6. Mary said, “ I want to be a writer when I grow up.”

Mary said she wanted to be a writer when she grew up

7. My mother said, “you should go to bed early.”

8. Lan asked, “ Do many tourists visit Ha Long Bay every year, Mai?.”

9. Mrs Linh said “ She will spend my holiday in Da Lat next month”.

10. Tom told us, “ I do not understand what you are saying.”

BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO

Bài 6: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.

1. Jylia said that she ____________there at noon.

A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be

2. He _____________that he was leaving way that afternoon.

A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me

3. She said to me that she ______________to me the Sunday before.

A. wrote B. has written C. was writing D. had

written

4. I _____________him to sell that old motorbike.

A. said to B. suggested C. advised D.

recommended

5. My parents reminded me ______________ the flowers.

A. to planting B. plant C. to plant D. planting

6. I asked Martha __________ to enter law school.

A. are you planning B. is she planning

C. was she planning D. if she was planning

7. Nam wanted to know what time ________________.

A. does the movie begin B. did the movie begin

C. the movie begins D. the movie began

8. I wondered __________________the right thing.

A. whether I was doing B. if I am doing

C. was I doing D. am I doing

9. The scientist said the earth ____________the sun.

A. goes round B. is going around

C. went around D. was going around

10. Peter said that if he ______________rich, he _______________ a lot.

A. is - will travel B. were - would travel

C. had been - would have travelled D. was - will travel

Bài 7: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction.

1. I (A) asked him how far (B) was it from my school to post office (C) if I went there (D) by
taxi.

2. They asked me (A) that I (B) could do (C) some shopping (D) with them.

3. Her mother (A) ordered her (B) do not go out with (C) him the day (D) before.

4. She said (A) that the book (B) in the library (C) would be available (D) tomorrow.

5. He (A) advised her (B) thinking about that example (C) again because it needed (D)
correcting.
Bài 8: Complete the sentence into reported speech.

1. “Open the door,”he said to them.

-> He told them ____to open the door _____.

2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.

-> He asked her where ______she was going ____.

3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.

-> He asked me ____which way they had gone _____.

4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her.

-> I told ____her to bring it back if it didn’t fit ______.

5. “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us.

-> She told ____us not to try to open it then _____.

6. “Is it going to be fine day today?” I asked her.

-> I asked her ____if it was going to be fine that day ______.

7. “He’s not at home”, she says.

-> She says that ____he was not at home ____.

8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.

-> The girl wanted to know ___if the bus station was far away ____.

9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said.

-> Tom told Ann ____ not to stay out late ______.

10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her.

-> He asked ___ her to let him borrow her car_______.

Bài 9: Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence given.

1. “Would you like to go to the movies with us tonight?” they said to me.

-> They invited _____me to go to the movies with them that night _______.

2. To do this test was difficult.

-> It was ___ difficult to do this test _______.

3. The last time Bill met Tom was in 2010.

-> Bill hasn’t _______met Tom since 2010___.

4. Ms, Smith is proud of her son’s contribution to the play.

-> Ms. Smith is proud of what ____ her son can contribute/ contributed to the play____.

5. I had to cancel the birthday party because my grandmother is seriously ill.

-> I had to cancel ___ the birthday party because of grandmother’s serious illness. ___.

Bài 10. Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as
the sentence given using the words in the brackets.

1. “I haven’t been home this evening, Mary” said Bill (told)

-> Bill ___ told Mary that he hadn’t been home that evening _______.

2. I haven’t seen my sister for 5 years (since)

-> It’s _____5 years since I last saw my sister ____.

3. My book was published last year. It became a best seller. (that)

-> My book, which was published last year , became a best seller ___.

4. “ I’ll pick you up at 7:00, Kate” said Mark (promised)

-> Mike __promised to pick kate up at 7.00_.

5. The bad was found later. The robbers put the money in it (in)

-> The bag ____ in which the robbers put the money was found later _______.