TAOXD^\OGMG AMLOJAMB GD LJBJFNOM

HMLTBWMG GD LODALOM\
LODALOM GDB \TDBJ- @^TYJ 94-
\D@TAGJ YM^LOMB
Yrjhdsjr Pmbtdr Jsjroj
   Ajvodfnrd <9/>9>9

 AJFN^D3 Buosm Hdramagm \mbms Eo`uotm OG3 =99=077=0>

=.  (= pt.) M pmrtor gd bjs so`uodatds rdsubtmgjs gdb maíbosos gd sudbjs gdtdrfoamr db rdqudrofodatj gd lmb
m`ræljbm (LmLJ<, ?9% gd purdzm) da k`/em pmrm bbdvmr db sudbj m uam smturmloüa gd Mb gd >9% (^M\6
9.>) y msæ dstmnbdldr uam pmsturm3 pE 7.0, FJ 7%, Mb >.< lfjb l/k`, Lm =.< lfjbl/k`, F` 9.? lfjbl/k`,
K 9.<4 lfjbl/k`. Ljasogdrd uam gdasogmg mpmrdatd gd =.> F`/f <, prjhuagogmg gd >9 lf y ua =99%
gd usj gdb tdrrdaj.

^dludrgd bms so`uodatds fmsms3 Lm>+ 79 `/fjb, F`>+ >7 `/fjb, L => `/fjb, J =8 `/fjb

>.  (=.4 pt.) Ymrm ua lubtovj gd m`umlmtd gd 4 mýjs sd rdquodrd mpbolmr da `/írnjb gd lmb eogrmtmgm (Lm(JE) > 
gdb ?4% purdzm) y sobolmtj gd fm`adsoj (<9% F`J) pmrm fdcjrmr bm gospjaonobogmg gd Lm y F` da db
ljfpbdcj gd oatdrlmfnoj. Ljasogdrd bjs so`uodatds vmbjrds3 pE 7.?, FJ =7%, Mb 9.? lfjb l/k`, Lm 9.5
lfjbl/k`, F` 9.0 lfjbl/k` y K 9.7 lfjbl/k`. Ljasogdrd uam gdasogmg mpmrdatd gd 9.0 F`/f <,
 prjhuagogmg gd <9 lf; gomfdtrj gd bm zjam gd rmælds gdb írnjb 4 f. Lm mgdlumgj3 7.4-8.9 7. 4-8.9 lfjbl/k` y
F` mgdlumgj3 >.9->.4 lfjbl/k`.

 AJWM3 Wdaodagj da ludatm qud emy gjs ljaldatrmlojads mgdlumgms pjr lmgm pmrífdtrj, bm gdlosoüa
gd quï lmatogmg sd vm m mpbolmr mb sudbj ds gdb prjgultjr, puds bm gohdrdalom da db rma`j ofpbolm ua ljstj
qud db prjgultjr gdndrí ljasogdrmr ljfj jpjrtuaj j aj, sd`óa bjs rdqudrofodatjs gdb lubtovj soa qud
sd vdm mhdltmgj.

Ymrm db lmsj gd bm lmb eogrmtmgm mpbolmr bm ljaldatrmloüa fís mbtm ofpbolm ua ljstj mgolojamb gdb >5.?%,
sjnrd bm ljaldatrmloüa fæaofm, o`umb ds db lmsj pmrm bm mpbolmloüa gdb sobolmtj gd fm`adsoj puds db
ljstj mgolojamb sdræm gd >0.5%.
 

<.  (9.4 pt.) Dslronm gdtmbbmgmfdatd bms rdmllojads gdb dalmbmfodatj.

-LmLJ< + E>J ↗ Lm>+
↗ Lm>+ + LJ> (`) + JE-+JE-

-LmJ + E>J ↗Lm>+ + J>-

J> -+ EJE ↗ Lm>+
↗ Lm>+ + JE-+JE-

-Lm(JE)> ↗ Lm>+
↗ Lm>+ + >(JE-)

^dmllojads gd dalmbmfodatj da db sudbj

-\d rdquodrd m`um

-Db LmQ>+ aj ds db rdspjasmnbd gd bm prjgulloüa gd JE
-\d rdquodrd qud jlurrm oatdrlmfnoj gd Mb(JE)Q<+ pjr LmQ>+
-Gmgm bm nmcm sjbunobogmg gd lmbds sd rdquodrd pmrm bm rxa fæaofj gd >9 m <9 gæms
-Gmgm bm nmcm sjbunobogmg gd bms lmbds, sd gdnd oaljrpjrmr bm lmb pmrm qud tda`m dhdltj da db vjbufda
gdb sudbj da gjagd sd gdsmrrjbbma bms rmælds gd =9 m >9 lf gd prjhuagogmg

7.  (= puatj) Dstmnbdzlm bm msjlomloüa fís pdrtoadatd mso`amagj bdtrms fæauslubms da bjs pmrïatdsos3
m.  Lmr`m pdrfmadatd (e) Mbufoajsobolmtj aj lrostmboaj prjpoj gd Magosjbds.
 n.  Lmjboaotm (n) Mrlobbm gd topj =3= prdsdatd da sudbjs gd rd`ojads eufdgms.
l.   Aotroholmloüa (g) Mrlobbm gd topj >3= prdsadtd da sudbj gd rd`ojads sdlms.
g.  Xdrfolubotm (h) Jxogj-eogrjxogj gd eodrrj prjpoj gd jxos
jxosjbds.
jbds.
d.   pE 4.4-8.9 (m) Msjlomgm m sustotuloüa osjfjrholm.
h.  @jdtotm (`) Msjlomgm m prjtjamloüa/gdsprjtjamloüa gd njrgds gd ljbjogds.
`.  Lmr`m vmromnbd (o) Dxtdfmgmfdatd ílogj.
e.  Mbjhmam (d) Fjgdrmgmfdatd ílogj.
o.  Boxovomloüa (l) Yrjldsj nojbü`olj qud `dadrm mlogoholmloüa.
 c.   pE 7.9-4.9 (o) Yrjldsj hæsolj qud `dadrm mlogoholmloüa.

4.  (= puatj) Dslronm m ljatoaumloüa gd lmgm daualomgj

m.  Loalj lmusms gd mlogoholmloüa gd bjs sudbjs.
 

-Yjr aotroholmloüa, j trmashjrfmloüa gdb mfjaoj (AE7+) gd bjs hdrtobozmatds da Aotrmtjs (AJ<).
-Yjr gdsljfpjsoloüa gd fmtdrom jr`íaolm, qud da su prjldsj `dadrm ílogjs jr`íaoljs, bj qud mhdltm db
 pE gdb sudbj. Dstj ds ajrfmb da sudbjs ad`rjs mbtjs da fmtdromb jr`íaolj.
-Yjr rdfjloüa gd autrodatds gdb sudbj pjr bms pbmatms. Yudgd sdr gd lmbloj, fm`adsoj y pjtmsoj, bj qud
`dadrm bm bondrmloüa gd eogrj`daj (E+) y dfpjnrdlofodatj pmubmtoaj gdb sudbj.
-Yjr bm prdlopotmloüa gd bbuvom ílogm.
-jxogmloüa gd \> y subhurjs
 n.  Oatdrlmfnoj lmtoüaolj.
Lmpmlogmg gd rdtdadr j bondrmr ojads gdpdagodagj gd su lmr`m oüaolm, (lmtoüa, maoüa).
l.  Lmpmlogmg gd oatdrlmfnoj lmtoüaolj.
Ds bm lmpmlogmg gdb sudbj pmrm rdtdadr y bondrmr ojads, gdnogj mb ljatdaogj gd fmtdrom jr`íaolm y bms
mrlobbms qud dstïa da db fdgoj.
g.  \mturmloüa gd Mbufoaoj
Bm smturmloüa gdb mbufoaoj ds bm rdbmloüa qud dxostd datrd db mbufoaoj oatdrlmfnomnbd gdb sudbj y bm
lmpmlogmg gd oatdrlmfnoj lmtoüaolj dhdltovm.