Faculty of Engineering,

Helwan university Electronics 2 project

LIGHT ALARM USING OP-AMP 741

Academic Year: 1st Second Term 2020-2021

Name ID
Mohamed Ashraf Faragallah 20002
Mohamed Yosry Habib 20012
Mo’men Alaa fathy 20046
Instructor Name:

Dr : Eman F. Sawires

1
 Aim of the project
Light Alarm circuit is used to detect the presence of any human or object in a particular area, The detecting range of the circuit
after using the paper made it higher than before because it increased its sensitivity, it’s quite simple to design the circuit using
LDR and Op-amp. This portable circuit can work smoothly with a commonly available 9V battery and the alarm sound generated
from the buzzer is loud enough to detect the presence of a human, vehicle or object.

We can also use the light alarm circuit in the garages and parking of cars where when the car enter the parking space the LDR
senses it and then it makes the light of the LED to go on so that it tells other people with cars that this place is occupied and
taken.
Components

1. LM741 Op-amp IC
2. LDR
3. Resistors 200 ohm and 5K
4. Variable resistance (potentiometer)
5. Buzzer
6. 9V Battery
7. Wires
8. Breadboard
 LDR
LDR is Light Dependent Resistor. LDRs are made from semiconductor materials to enable them to have their light-sensitive
properties. There are many types but one material is popular and it is cadmium sulfide (CdS). These LDRs or PHOTO RESISTORS
works on the principle of “Photo Conductivity”. Now what this principle says is, whenever light falls on the surface of the LDR (in this
case) the conductance of the element increases or in other words, the resistance of the LDR falls when the light falls on the surface
of the LDR. This property of the decrease in resistance for the LDR is achieved because it is a property of semiconductor material
used on the surface.
 LM741 Op-amp IC
An LM741 operational amplifier is a DC-coupled high gain electronic voltage amplifier. It has only one op-amp inside.
An operational amplifier IC is used as a comparator which compares the two signal, the inverting and non-inverting
signal. The main function of this IC is to do mathematical operation in various circuits. Op-amps have large gain and
usually used as Voltage Amplifier. The LM741 can operate with a single or dual power supply voltage.
Circuit Diagram
Proteus
Explanation of Circuit

the Op-amp IC is used as a voltage comparator and The LDR and the potentiometer are creating a voltage divider circuit. The output

of this divider circuit will change according to the intensity of light falls on the LDR. The divider is connected to the inverting pin of

the Op-amp IC. The non-inverting pin is connected with supply through a 5K ohm resistor, so the voltage value at the non-inverting is

fix. You can replace this resistor with a 10K potentiometer to adjust the voltage as per the requirement. We can adjust the sensitivity

of the device by using the potentiometer VR1 connected in series with the LDR. When the voltage at non-inverting input is greater

than or equal to the reference voltage the output (at pin 6) of the op-amp IC output (PIN 6) goes HIGH. According to the circuit

diagram, when LDR detects any activity the output of the Op-amp IC goes LOW Hence, the LED starts glowing and the buzzer get

triggered, so whenever some person or object enters in prohibited area, his shadows will be sensed by the LDR and the circuit

triggers the alarm.