CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Sleep deprivation defined as engaging in less than

seven hours of sleep, is a general term to describe a state

caused by inadequate quantity or quality of sleep,

including voluntary or involuntary sleeplessness. Sleep is

as important to the human body as food and water, but many

of us do not get enough sleep. One who has an insufficient

sleep has consequences for how it functions in the daytime,

causing sleepiness, dizziness and fatigue.

Among the common problems in modern society is sleep

deprivation, and the main population who has been affected

by this are the students. Students strive hard in school in

order to achieve a good academic achievement thereby, they

are exposed to pressure, stress and even insufficient sleep

problems. This could lead to the impact of a student’s

academic performance in school. So in this paper, the

researcher realized that inadequate quantity or quality of

sleep has a big impact on the student’s academic

performances.

In this paper, the researcher selected ninety-five

(95) high school students of Starglow Center for Academics

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and Arts as respondents of this study. Whereupon the

researcher should figure out if there is a significant

relationship between sleep deprivation and the academic

performance of the students. The researcher decided to

conduct this study to assess if there is a link between

sleep deprivation and academic performance of Starglow High

School students.

Scope and Delimitation

The study sought to find out the correlation of sleep

deprivation on the Academic Performance of High School

students of Starglow Center for Academics and Arts. The

respondents of the study were the ninety-five (95) Starglow

High School students from grade seven (7) to twelve (12).

The researcher chose Starglow Center for Academics and

Arts for this investigation due to its nearness and

efficiency in gathering the data needed for this study. The

data were accumulated through the use of survey

questionnaire methods in research. The results of this

study are applicable only to the respondents of this study.

The study lasted for two (2) months which includes the

collection of all the necessary information required to

achieve this study.

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Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored to Restoration Theory (Oswald,

1966). According to Oswald (1966), the function of sleep is

to restore the body during periods of inactivity so that

adequate biological functioning is ensured. The tissues of

the brain and body are repaired and the chemicals needed

for proper functioning are replenished. Specifically,

Oswald claims that: Many animal studies of sleep

deprivation support the ideas of the restoration theory

because they show that biological functioning deteriorates

if an animal is deprived of sleep. However, the results of

human studies are not as clear cut and do not seem to

support the idea that biological functioning is upset if a

human is deprived of sleep.

If Rapid Eye Movement sleep is necessary for proper

brain functioning, then we would expect increases in REM

sleep in people whose brains had been adversely affected by

something. This is exactly what is found. People recovering

from brain injury, electro-convulsive therapy and drug

withdrawal tend to spend more time in REM during their

recovery period.

If sleep is required for immune functioning, then the

total sleep time to increase during periods of illness

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might be expected. Again, this is observed in humans and

other animals.

There is evidence that secretion of growth hormone by

the pituitary gland increases during stage 4 sleep. Growth

hormone is necessary for normal functioning of the body,

and a deficiency can result in muscular disorders. People

with a condition called fibrositis (which results in

inflammation of the muscles) tend to have abnormal sleep

patterns, with very little uninterrupted stage 4 sleep.

Gross (1996) points out that prolonged deprivation of stage

4 sleep induces fibrositis symptoms in healthy volunteers.

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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: The Schematic diagram showing the relationship of

independent and dependent variables.

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Statement of the Problem

This study determines the relationship between the

sleep deprivation and academic performance of High School

students of Starglow Center for Academics and Arts.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the student’s profile in terms of grade level?

2. Is there significant relationship between the

student’s grade level and sleep deprivation?

3. Is there significant relationship between the

student’s sleep deprivation and academic performance?

4. What is the proposed program to improve the sleeping

patterns of the students?

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Hypotheses

In view of the preceding questions, the following

hypotheses were advanced:

1. There is no significant relationship between the

student’s grade level and sleep deprivation.

2. There is no significant relationship between the

student’s sleep deprivation and academic performance.

Significance of the Study

The generalization of the present study would be a

great contribution to the vast knowledge in relation to a

student's academic performance. Vital results of this paper

could be highly significant and beneficial specifically to

the following:

Students. The result of the study will enlighten the

students about the risk of sleep deprivation to their

academic performances and by expanding their knowledge

about sleep deprivation.

School. The result of the study would deepen their

knowledge on sleep deprivation and its effects on their

students’ academic performance and for them to remind the

students about the importance of sleep.

Parents. Through this study, parents will become aware

and understand that sleep deprivation can affect their

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children especially their studies. They will then be able

to give their full parental guidance.

Community. The result of the study would benefit the

community by letting them know how important sleep is and

how it affects one’s role in the society.

Future Researchers. The findings of the study will

serve as a reference material and a guide for future

researchers who wish to conduct the same study related to

sleep deprivation. This will also serve as an inspiration

to dig further into this study.

Definition of Terms

For further understanding of the topic, the following

terms were defined conceptually and operationally:

Academic Performance - defined conceptually as the level of

schooling students have successfully completed

and the ability to attain success in their

studies.

- defined operationally as the general average of

the high school students at Starglow Center for

Academics and Arts for the school year 2020 –

2021.

High School Students – defined conceptually as schooling

after elementary school, therefore they are

students who are from grades seven to twelve.

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- defined operationally as the respondents of the

study from grade seven (7) to twelve (12) for the

school year 2020-2021.

Sleep deprivation – defined conceptually as the state of

not having sufficient sleep.

- defined operationally as the lack of sleep, a

problem that is common among students especially

among senior high school students.

Sleep - defined conceptually as the reversible periodic

state of many living things that is marked by the

absence of wakefulness and by the loss of

consciousness of one's surroundings.

- defined operationally as one of the main subjects

in this study.

Starglow Center for Academics and Arts – defined

conceptually as a non-sectarian school in Old

Buswang, Kalibo, Aklan that offers education from

nursery to senior high school.

- defined operationally as the locale of the study.