MEC102

Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO
DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES

CO1. Explain and use the principles governing

motion of particles.
OBJECTIVES
 At the end of the lesson, you should be able
to:
 Define the basic quantities and fundamental
concepts in mechanics.
 Solve with two types of units.
MECHANICS

 Mechanics is the science which describes

and predicts the conditions of rest or
motion of bodies under the action of
forces.
 It is the study of the relationship among
forces and their effects on bodies.
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 Mechanics
 In physics, a rigid body is a solid body in which
deformation is zero or so small it can be
neglected.
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 The body in consideration is assumed to

be rigid, and the resultant force-couple
system is applied at the center of gravity
of the body.
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 Dynamics includes:
Kinematics: study of the geometry of
motion. Kinematics is used to relate
displacement, velocity, acceleration,
and time without reference to the
cause of motion.
Kinetics: study of the relations
existing between the forces acting on a
body, the mass of the body, and the
motion of the body. Kinetics is used to
predict the motion caused by given
forces or to determine the forces
required to produce a given motion.
MECHANICS
 PARTICLE:
 In the context of this discussion, particle
does not indicate the “smallness of size”,
rather, it means that the shape and size
of the body do not significantly affect
the solution of the problem under
consideration.
MECHANICS
 MOTION OF A PARTICLE:
RECTILINEAR MOTION
The direction of resultant is constant,
the motion of a particle is along a
straight path and is called Rectilinear
Translation.
CURVILINEAR MOTION
The motion of a particle is along a
curved line in two or three dimensions.
MECHANICS
 Systems of Units:
 Kinetic Units: length, time, mass, and
force.
 Three of the kinetic units, referred to as
basic units, may be defined arbitrarily.
 The fourth unit, referred to as a derived
unit, must have a definition compatible
with Newton’s 2nd Law
 
F  ma
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 International System of Units (SI):
 The basic units are length, time, and mass
which are arbitrarily defined as the
meter (m), second (s), and kilogram (kg).
 Force is the derived unit,

F  ma
 m
1 N  1 kg 1 2 
 s 
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 U.S. Customary Units:
 The basic units are length, time, and
force which are arbitrarily defined as the
foot (ft), second (s), and pound (lb).
 Mass is the derived unit,,

F
m
a
1 lb
1slug 
1 ft s 2
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 Systems of Units:
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 Fundamental Concepts:
 Time - definition of an event requires
specification of the time and position at
which it occurred.
 Mass - used to characterize and compare
bodies, e.g., response to earth’s
gravitational attraction and resistance to
changes in translational motion.
MECHANICS
 Fundamental Concepts:
 Force - represents the action of one
body on another. A force is
characterized by its point of application,
magnitude, and direction, i.e., a force is a
vector quantity.
 Space - associated with the notion of the
position of a point P given in terms of
three coordinates measured from a
reference point or origin.
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 Fundamental Principles:
 Newton’s First Law: If the resultant force
on a particle is zero, the particle will remain
at rest or continue to move in a straight line.
 Newton’s Second Law: A particle will have an
acceleration proportional to a nonzero
resultant applied force.
 Newton’s Third Law: The forces of action
and reaction between two particles have the
same magnitude and line of action with
opposite sense.
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 Basic Formulas:
 Velocity, V – the rate of change of
position with respect to time.
dS
V
dt
 Acceleration, a – the rate of change of
velocity with respect to time.

 dS 
d  2
dV  dt  d S
a   2
dt dt dt
MECHANICS
 UNIFORM ACCELERATION: UARM

V  V0  a t
Where : V  velocity at any given time
V0  initial velocity
1 2
S  V0 t  a t a  acceleration
2 t  time elapsed
S  position
V 2  V02  2 a S
MECHANICS
 RECALL: Sample Problems from Physics
Ben Rushin is waiting at a stoplight.
When it finally turns green, Ben
accelerated from rest at a rate of a
6.00 m/s2 for a time of 4.10 seconds.
Determine the displacement of Ben's
car during this time period.
 Answer:
d = 50.4 m
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 RECALL: Sample Problems from Physics
Ima Hurryin is approaching a stoplight
moving with a velocity of +30.0 m/s.
The light turns yellow, and Ima applies
the brakes and skids to a stop. If
Ima's acceleration is -8.00 m/s2, then
determine the displacement of the car
during the skidding process.
 Answer:
d = 56.3 m
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 RECALL: Sample Problems from Physics
An engineer is designing the runway for
an airport. Of the planes that will use
the airport, the lowest acceleration
rate is likely to be 3 m/s2. The takeoff
speed for this plane will be 65 m/s.
Assuming this minimum acceleration,
what is the minimum allowed length for
the runway?
 Answer:
d = 704 m
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 RECALL: Sample Problems from Physics
Rocket-powered sleds are used to test
the human response to acceleration. If
a rocket-powered sled is accelerated to
a speed of 444 m/s in 1.83 seconds,
then what is the acceleration and what
is the distance that the sled travels?
 Answer:
a = 243 m/s/s, d = 406 m
MECHANICS
 RECALL: Sample Problems from Physics
Upton Chuck is riding the Giant Drop at
Great America. If Upton free falls for
2.60 seconds, what will be his final
velocity and how far will he fall?
 Answer:
d = 33.1 m and vf = 25.5 m/s
MECHANICS
 RECALL: Sample Problems from Physics
If Michael Jordan has a vertical leap of
1.29 m, then what is his takeoff speed
and his hang time (total time to move
upwards to the peak and then return to
the ground)?
 Answer:
vi = 5.03 m/s and hang time = 1.03 s
MECHANICS
 RECALL: Sample Problems from Physics
It was once recorded that a Jaguar
left skid marks that were 290 m in
length. Assuming that the Jaguar
skidded to a stop with a constant
acceleration of -3.90 m/s2, determine
the speed of the Jaguar before it
began to skid.
 Answer:
vi = 47.6 m/s
MECHANICS
 RECALL: Sample Problems from Physics
A car starts from rest and accelerates
uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds
for a distance of 110 m. Determine the
acceleration of the car.
 Answer:
a = 8.10 m/s/s
PREPARATION FOR THE COURSE
E
PREPARATION FOR THE COURSE